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OFFICIAL DONATION. 



REPORT 



OF THE 



SECRETARY OF STATE 






TO HIS EXCELLENCY 



W. W. HEARD, Governor 



OF THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 



JVCAY 12th., 1902 



I ' c 








• . . ■ 


BATON 


ROUGI 

State 


NEWS 
Printers 


PUB. 


CO. 



JUL 14 1902 
D.efD. 







JOH^" T. MICHEL, 
Secretary of State. 



•* *• 



• ••• 

• • • 

• ••• 



• •• .• 



REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE. 



Department of State, 
Baton Rouge, May 1, 1902. 

To His Excellency William Wright Heard, 
Governor of Louisiana : 

Sir : — I have the honor to submit, in accordance with Section 1558 of 
the Revised Statutes, a report of the transactions of this Department 
from May 1st, 1900, to December 31st, 1901, inclusive. 

Herein will be found tabulated statements of registered voters for 
year 1900. 

Statement of the vote cast at the Presidential and Congressional 
election in November, 1900. , , , , , 

Statement of vote cast at election for Railway Commissioner in 
Second Railway District. 

Since the last session of the General Assembly, a vacancy in the 
Senate, caused by the resignation of the Honorable J. M. Smith, of Union, 
has been filled by election in November, 1900, of the Hon. W. B. Stuckey, 
of Mer Rouge, Morehouse Parish. 

Vacancies have occurred in the House of Representatives caused 
by death, and have been filled by election as follows : 

Of the Hon. W. B. Peyton, of DeSoto, by Hon. R. H. Spell; 

Hon. W. D. Hall, of Sabine, by Hon. J. W. Conerly; 

Hon. D. H. Caldwell, of Winn, by Hon. J. M. McCain; 

Hon. R. H. Spell, member elect from DeSoto, by the Hon. S. J. Smart; 

Hon. S. P. Henry, of Cameron, by the Hon. August Parvell. 
„ Hon. W. H. McClenahan, of Bossier, by the Hon. J. T. Manry. 

Requisitions to the number of fifty-nine have been issued upon Gov- 
ernors of other States for the surrender of fugitives from this State. 

Extradition warrants to the number of fifty-five have been issued for 
the arrest and surrender of fugitives from other States who have taken 
refuge in this State. 

Proclamations offering rewards for the arrest and conviction of per- 
sons who are charged with crimes and offenses and are fugitives from 
justice have been issued to the number of twenty-seven. 



6 REPORT OF SECRETARY OF STATE. 

Pardons and commutations of sentences have been issued to the 
number of sixty-six. 

Death warrants have been signed and issued for the execution of 
persons convicted of crimes and sentenced to suffer the death penalty to 
the number of twenty. 

The proposed amendment to Article 303 of the Constitution of the 
State— Joint Resolution — Act No. 73, adopted at the Eegular Session of 
the General Assembly in 1900, was duly promulgated, as required by law, 
and the table of votes " For " and " Against " the same will be found at 
page — . 

Act 136 of 1898. 

Since last report, a majority of the towns and villages in the State 
have adopted the "Lawrason" town charter bill (Act No. 136 of 1898), 
and a list will be found at page — . 

Election Law. 

The wisdom of the amendments made to the Election Law, at the 
session of 1900 (Act 132 of that year), has been confirmed by the results 
of the Congressional and other elections held since that time. There have 
been no contests or complaints of any character, and the integrity of the 
election methods have not been questioned. 

Charters. 

I renew >the recommendation made in the last report as to the advis- 
ability of an act requiring the filing annually of a certificate under oath 
from the proper officer of each corporation doing business in this State, 
showing the location of its principal business office in this State, with 
town, street and number, and the kind of business engaged in ; the names 
of its officers, directors or managers, their residences, etc., expiration of 
their respective terms of office, and providing a penalty for failure so 
to do. 

Notaries Public — Orleans. 

Some forty or fifty applications are on file from Orleans for appoint- 
ment as Notaries Public. The limit is now one hundred and fifty Notaries 
for that parish. The list is full. Some of the applications have been on 
file a long 'time. No good reason can be assigned why the limit should not 
be repealed, and I so recommend. 



REPORT OF SECRETARY OF STATE. / 

Registration. 

The present registration law should be amended: 

To provide for a supplemental registration of voters in parishes 
(Orleans excepted) during the months of August and September in each 
year in which general election for Congress and Presidential electors is 
held, to be made as directed for the registration of voters for general State 
elections. 

In Orleans, the present registration roll, together with such as may 
be made this year, should be extended and maintained for the years 1903 
and 1904. The roll is practically a new one, and it will be a useless waste 
of public money and work a great hardship on the electors to compel a 
new registration for 1903 and 1904. 
State Library. 

The State Library is still located at the Tulane Hall in New Orleans. 
Its affairs have been most efficiently conducted by the Librarian and 
Assistant. A large number of exchanges and some purchases have been 
made, and your attention is specially directed to that portion of the Libra- 
rian's report which refers to that subject. 

Annual Reports. 

The old contract with the printer required that he should furnish free 
of cost to the State one hundred and thirty copies of the Supreme Court 
Annual Eeports. In my last report, I called attention to the fact that on 
account of the additional courts and increased exchanges, the number was 
insufficient, and I recommended that one hundred and forty copies be pro- 
vided for. Notwithstanding that recommendation, the present contract 
provides for only one hundred copies. The report of the State Librarian 
now shows that one hundred and fifty copies are actually necessary to 
make the legal distribution, and I therefore again recommend that the 
number of copies furnished to the State be increased to one hundred and 
fifty. 

Insurance. 

Your attention is directed to the report of Hon. Eugene J. McGivney, 
Assistant Secretary of State, in charge of the Insurance Department of 
this State, which contains a full history of the operations of that depart- 
ment since my last report. 

State Manual. 

The demand for a book containing the information generally em- 
bodied in a State Manual as published in many of the other States, have 



8 REPORT OF SECRETARY OF STATE. 

been so great, and being without authority to issue a special work of that 
kind, I have been prompted to compile and include in this report the 
organic law of the United States and of this State, together with such 
statistics, political and financial tables, historical data and other informa- 
tion as would in my opinion make this report useful and valuable as a 
record and reference book which I assume to be the purpose of a report of 
this department. 

The information herein contained is compiled from official records, 
and the most reliable unofficial data obtainable. The political informa- 
tion from authorized and recognized party officials. 

Trusting that it will meet with your approval, I have the honor to 
remain, 

Very respectfully, 

JOHN T. MICHEL, 
Secretary of State. 



PART I 



STATE CAPITOL. 

The State Capitol is located at Baton Kouge, La., the third city in 
size in the State, and beautifully situated on the first bluff of the Missis- 
sippi river. 

The Capitol Building was erected in 1847, during the term of office of 
Governor Isaac Johnson. The architect was J. H. Dakin, and builder 
Newton Richards. The Building Commissioners were Maunsell White, 
Walter Brashear, and Daniel D. Avery. 

It was destroyed by fire while occupied by troops of the United States 
army, December 28th, 1862. It was rebuilt in 1880-1881, in pursuance of 
the Constitution of 1879, and Act 86 of 1880, during the term of Governor 
Louis A. Wiltz. The seat of government was re-established at Baton 
Rouge, March 1st, 1882. 



" THE STATE FLOWER." 

The " Magnolia " was designated as the " State Flower," by 
Act No. 156 of 1900, adopted July 12th, 1900. 



THE FLAG OF LOUISIANA. 

There is no legal authority for the " Blue Flag " now in use 
and commonly known as the " Flag of Louisiana." This was the 
flag of the State prior to 1861. Since 1877 it has again come into 
use, but no authority for it can be found of record. 



SEAL OF THE STATE. 

The Seal of the State of Louisiana, as it has existed up to the 
30th of April, 1002, had no absolute authority of record for its exist- 
ence. 

The first Seal was chosen, supposedly, by Governor Claiborne, 
and was supposed to represent a Pelican with a nest full of young. 
There was no change in this Seal and no enactment providing for 
any Seal until 1864. When Governor Allen, became Governor of the 
Confederate portion of the State, and Governor Hahn of the Federal 
portion, each had his seal ; berth Seals were a Pelican — one with the 
head on the left, the other with the head on the right; one with a 
nest full of young, the other with four young. Up to that time the 
inscription on the Seal was " Justice, Union and Confidence" ; sub- 
sequently, without any apparent authority, the inscription upon the 
Seal was changed to " Union, Justice and Confidence." 

In order to establish uniformity in the State Seal and its use 
amongst the various departments of the government, on the 30th of 
April, 1902, Governor Heard, acting under the authority of Section 
347 1 of the Revised Statutes, directed the Secretary of State to use 
a Seal, the description of which is given below, and this is the first 
directing order that has come from the chief magistrate and that 
stands of record legitimizing the Seal for the State: 

' f A Pelican, with its head turned to the left, in a nest with three 
young; the Pelican, following the tradition, in act of tearing its 
breast to feed its young ; around the edge of the Seal to be inscribed 
1 State of Louisiana.' Over the head of the Pelican to be inscribed 
* Union, Justice,' etc. ; under the nest of the Pelican to be inscribed 
1 Confidence.' 

"The above, as described, and as shown by the accompanying im- 
pression thereof, shall, hereafter, be the State Seal to b© in us© on all 
commissions and on all official documents." 



ORGANIC LAW 



ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION 



AND 



Perpetual Union Between the States. 



TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, WE, THE UNDERSIGNED, DELE- 
GATES of the States affixed to our names, send greeting. — Whereas, 
the Delegates of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, 
did, on the fifteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord one 
thousand seven hundred and seventy-seven, and in the second year of 
the Independence of America, agree to certain Articles of Confedera- 
tion and Perpetual Union between the States of New Hampshire, Mas- 
sachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecti- 
cut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, 
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, in the words 
following, viz : 

"Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union between the States 
of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Provi- 
dence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsyl- 
vania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Caro- 
lina, and Georgia/'' 

Article I. The style of this confederacy shall be "The United States 
of America." 

Art. 2. Each State retains its sovereignty, freedom and independ 
ence, and every power, jurisdiction and right, which is not by this confed- 
eration expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled. 

Art. 3. The said States hereby severally enter into a firm league of 
friendship with each other, for their common defense, the security of their 
liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to 
assist each other against all force offered to or attacks made upon them, or 
any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pre- 
tense whatever. 

Art. 4. The better to secure and perpetuate mutual friendship and 
intercourse among the people of the different States in this Union, the free 
inhabitants of each of these States, paupers, vagabonds, and fugitives from 



20 ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION AND 

justice, excepted, shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of free 
citizens in the several States ; and the people of each State shall have free 
ingress and egress to and from any other State, and shall enjoy therein all 
the privileges of trade and commerce, subject to the same duties, imposi- 
tions and restrictions as the inhabitants thereof respectively, provided that 
such restriction shall not extend so far as to prevent the removal of prop- 
erty imported into any State, to any other State of which the owner is an 
inhabitant; provided also that no imposition, duties or restriction shall be 
laid by any State, on the property of the United States, or either of them. 

If any person guilty of, or charged with treason, felony, or other high 
misdemeanor in any State, shall flee from justice, and be found in any of 
the United States, he shall, upon the command of the Governor or execu- 
tive power of the State from which he fled, be delivered up and -removed to 
the State having jurisdiction of his offense. 

Full faith and credit shall be given in each of these States to the 
records, acts and judicial proceedings of the courts and magistrates of 
every other State. 

Art. 5. For the more convenient management of the general interest 
of the United States, delegates shall be annually appointed in such manner 
as the Legislature of each State shall direct, to meet in Congress on the 
first Monday in November, in every year, with a power reserved to each 
State, to recall its delegates, or any of them, at any time within the year, 
and to send others in their stead, for the remainder of the year. 

No State shall be represented in Congress by less than two, nor by 
more than seven members ; and no person shall be capable of being a dele- 
gate for more than three years in any term of six years; nor shall any 
person, being a delegate, be capable of holding any office under the United 
States, for which he or another for his benefit receives any salary, fees or 
emolument of any kind. 

Each State shall maintain its own delegates in any meeting of the 
States, and while they act as members of the Committee of the States. 

In determining questions in the United States, in Congress assembled, 
each State shall have one vote. 

Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall not be impeached or 
questioned in any court, or place out of Congress, and the members of 
Congress shall be protected in their persons from arrests and imprison- 
ments, during the time of going to and from, and attendance on Congress', 
except for treason, felony, or breach of the peace. 

Art. 6. No State without the consent of the United States in Con- 
gress assembled, shall send any embassy to, or receive any embassy from, or 
enter into any conference, agreement, alliance or treaty with any King, 
Prince or State; nor shall any person holding any office of profit or trust 
under the United States, or any of them, accept of any present, emolu- 
ment, office or title of any kind whatever from any King, Prince or foreign 
State; nor shall the United States in Congress assembled, or any of them, 
grant any title of nobility. 



PERPETUAL UNION BETWEEN THE STATES. 21 

No two or more States shall enter into any treaty, confederation or 
alliance whatever between them, without the consent of the United States 
in Congress assembled, specifying accurately the purposes for which the 
same is to be entered into, and how long it shall continue. 

Xo State shall lay any imposts or duties, which may interfere with any 
stipulations in treaties, entered into by the United States, in Congress 
assembled, with any King, Prince or State, in pursuance of any treaties 
already proposed by Congress, to the courts of France and Spain. 

No vessels of war shall be kept up in time of peace by any State, 
except such number only as shall be deemed necessary by the United 
States, in Congress assembled, for the defense of such State, or its trade ; 
nor shall any body of forces be kept up by any State, in time of peace, 
except such number only as in the judgment of the United States, in Con- 
gress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison the forts necessary 
for the defense of such State; but every State shall always keep up a well 
regulated and disciplined militia, sufficiently armed and accoutred, and 
shall provide and have constantly ready for use, in public stores, a due 
number of field pieces and tents, and a proper quantity of arms, ammuni - 
tion and camp equipage. 

No State shall engage in any war without the consent of the United 
States, in Congress assembled, unless such State be actually invaded by 
enemies, or shall have received certain advice of a resolution being formed 
by some nation of Indians to invade such State, and the danger is so immi- 
nent as not to admit of a delay, till the United States, in Congress assem- 
bled, can be consulted ; nor shall any State grant commissions to any ship? 
or vessels of war, nor letters of marque or reprisal, except it be after a 
declaration of war by the United States, in Congress assembled, and then 
only against the Kingdom or State and the subjects thereof against which 
wai has been so declared, and under such regulations as shall be estab- 
lished by the United States, in Congress assembled, unless such State be 
infested by pirates, in which case vessels of war may be fitted out for thai 
occasion, and kept so long as the danger shall continue, or until the United 
States, in Congress assembled, shall determine otherwise. 

Art. 7. When land forces are raised by any State for the common 
defense, all officers of or under the rank of Colonel, shall be appointed by 
the Legislature of each State respectively, by whom such forces shall be 
raised, or in such manner as such State shall direct, and all vacancies shall 
be filled up by the State which first made the appointment. 

Art. 8. All charges of war, and all other expenses that shall be incur- 
red for the common defense or general welfare, and allowed by the United 
States, in Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common treasury, 
which shall be supplied by the several States, in proportion to the value oi 
all land within each State, granted to or surveyed for any person, as such 
land and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be estimated 
according to such mode as the United States, in Congress assembled, shall, 
from time to time, direct and appoint. The taxes for paying that propor- 



22 ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION AND 

tion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the Legisla- 
tures of the several States, within the time agreed upon by the United 
States, in Congress assembled. 

Art. 9. The United States, in Congress assembled, shall have the sole 
and exclusive right and power of determining on peace and war, except in 
the cases mentioned in the sixth article — of sending and receiving ambas- 
sadors — entering into treaties and alliances, provided that no treaty of 
commerce shall be made whereby the legislative power of the respective 
States shall be restrained from imposing such imposts and duties on for- 
eigners, as their own people are subjected to, or from prohibiting the expor- 
tation or importation of any species of goods or commodities whatsoever — 
of establishing rules for deciding in all cases, what captures on land or 
water shall be legal, and in what manner prizes taken by land or naval 
forces in the service of the United States shall be divided or appropriated 
— of granting letters of marque or reprisal in times of peace — appointing 
courts for the trial of piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, 
and establishing courts for receiving and determining finally appeals in ail 
cases of captures, provided that no member of Congress shall be appointed 
a judge of any of the said courts. 

The United States, in Congress assembled, shall also be the last resort 
on appeal in all disputes and differences now subsisting, or that may here- 
after arise, between two or more States concerning boundary, jurisdiction, 
or any other cause whatever ; which authority shall always be exercised in 
the manner following : Whenever the legislative or executive authority or 
lawful agent of any State in controversy with another shall present a 
petition to Congress, stating the matter in question, and praying for a 
hearing, notice thereof shall be given by order of Congress to the legisla- 
tive or executive authority of the other State in controversy, and a day 
assigned for the appearance of the parties by their lawful agents, who shall 
then be directed to appoint by joint consent, commissioners or judges to 
constitute a court for hearing and determining the matter in question ; but 
if they cannot agree, Congress shall name three persons out of each of the 
United States, and from the list of such persons each party shall alter- 
nately strike out one, the petitioners beginning, until the number shall be 
reduced to thirteen ; and from that number not less than seven, nor more 
than nine names, as Congress shall direct, shall, in the presence of Con- 
gress, be drawn out by lot, and the persons whose names shall be so drawn, 
or any five of them, shall be commissioners or judges, to hear and finally 
determine the controversy, so always as a major part of the judges who 
shall hear the cause shall agree in determination : and if either party shall 
neglect to attend at the day appointed, without showing reasons which 
Congress shall judge sufficient, or, being present, shall refuse to strike, 
then Congress shall proceed to nominate three persons out of each State, 
and the Secretary of Congress shall strike in behalf of such party absent or 
refusing ; and the judgment and sentence of the court to be appointed, in 
the manner before prescribed, shall be final and conclusive ; and if any of 



PERPETUAL UNION BETWEEN THE STATES. 23 

the parties shall refuse to submit to the authority of such court, or to 
appear or defend their claim or cause, the court shall nevertheless proceed 
to pronounce sentence, or judgment, which shall in like manner be final 
and decisive, the judgment or sentence and other proceedings being in 
either case transmitted to Congress, and lodged among the acts of Con- 
gress, for the security of the parties concerned; provided that every com 
missioner, before he sits in judgment, shall take an oath to be adminis- 
tered by one of the judges of the Supreme or Superior Court of the State. 
where the cause shall be tried, " well and truly to hear and determine the 
matter in question, according to the best of his judgment, without favor, 
affection or hope of reward;" provided also, that no State shall be deprived 
of territory for the benefit of the United States. 

All controversies concerning the private right of soil claimed under 
different grants of two or more States, whose jurisdictions as they may 
respect such lands, and the States which passed such grants are adjusted, 
the said grants, or either of them, being at the same time claimed to have 
originated antecedent to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall, on the peti- 
tion of either party to the Congress of the United States, be finally deter- 
mined as near as may be in the same manner as is before prescribed for 
deciding disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between different 
States. 

The United States, in Congress assembled, shall also have the sole and 
exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and value of coin struck 
by their own authority, or by that of the respective States — fixing the 
standard of weights and measures throughout the United States— regulat 
ing the trade and managing all affairs with the Indians not members of 
any of the States, provided that the legislative right of any State within 
its own limits be not infringed or violated — establishing or regulating 
postoffices from one State to another, throughout all the United States, and 
exacting such postage on the papers passing through the same as may be 
requisite to defray the expenses of the said office — appointing all officers of 
the land forces in the service of the United States, excepting regimental 
officers — appointing all the officers of the naval forces and commissioning 
all officers whatever in the service of the United States — making rules for 
the government and regulation of the said land and naval forces, and 
directing their operations. 

The United States, in Congress assembled, shall have authority to 
appoint a committee, to sit in the recess of Congress, to be denominated 
"A Committee of the States," and to consist of one delegate from each 
State, and to appoint such other committees and civil officers as may be 
necessary for managing the general affairs of the United States under 
their direction — to appoint one of their number to preside; provided thai; 
no person be allowed to serve in the office of President more than one year 
in any term of three years — to ascertain the necessary sums of money to 
be raised for the service of the United States, and to appropriate and apply 
the same for defraying the public expenses — to borrow money, or emit bill ^ 
on the credit of the United States, transmitting every half year to the 



24 ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION AND 

respective States an account of the sums of money so borrowed or emitteJ 
— to build and equip a navy — to agree upon the number of land forces, and 
to make requisitions from each State for its quota, in proportion to the 
number of white inhabitants in such State, which requisition shall be bind- 
ing, and thereupon the Legislature of each State shall appoint the regi- 
mental officers, raise the men and clothe, arm and equip them in a soldier- 
like manner, at the expense of the United States ; and the officers and men 
so clothed, armed and equipped, shall march to the place appointed, and 
within the time agreed on by the United States, in Congress assembled; 
but, if the United States, in Congress assembled, shall, on consideration of 
circumstances, judge proper that any State should not raise men, or should 
raise a smaller number than its quota, and that any other State should 
raise a greater number of men than the quota thereof, such extra number 
shall be raised, officered, clothed, armed and equipped in the same manner 
as the quota of such State, unless the Legislature of such State shall judge 
that such extra number cannot be safely spared out of the same, in which 
case they shall raise, officer, clothe, arm and equip as many of such extra 
number as they judge can be safely spared. And the officers and men sc 
clothed, armed and equipped, shall march to the place appointed, and 
within the time agreed on by the United States, in Congress assembled. 

The United States, in Congress assembled, shall never engage in a 
war, nor grant letters of marque and reprisal in time of peace, nor enter 
into any treaties or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the value 
thereof, nor ascertain the sums and expenses necessary for the defense and 
welfare of the United States, or any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow 
money on the credit of the United States, nor appropriate money, nor 
agree upon the number of vessels of war to be built or purchased, or the 
number of land or sea forces to be raised, nor appoint a Commander in 
Chief of the army or navy, unless nine States assent to the same, nor shall 
a question on any other point, except for adjourning from day to day, be 
determined, unless by the votes of a majority of the United States, in 
Congress assembled. 

The Congress of the United States shall have power to adjourn to any 
time within the year, and to any place within the United States, so that no 
period of adjournment be for a longer duration than the space of six 
months, and shall publish the journal of their proceedings monthly, except 
such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances or military operations, as 
in their judgment require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the delegates 
of each State, on any question, shall be entered on the journal, when it is 
desired by any delegate; and the delegates of a State, or any of them, at 
his or their request, shall be furnished with a transcript of the said journal, 
except such parts as are above excepted, to lay before the Legislatures of 
the several States. 

Art. 10. The Committee of the States, or any nine of them, shall be 
authorized to execute, in the recess of Congress, such of the powers of 
Congress as the United States, in Congress assembled, by the consent of 



PERPETUAL UNION BETWEEN THE STATES. '!■> 

nine States, shall from time to time think expedient to vest them with; 
provided that no power be delegated to the said committee for the exercise 
of which, by the Articles of Confederation, the voice of nine States, in the 
Congress of the United States assembled, is requisite. 

Art. 11. Canada, acceding to this confederation, and joining in the 
measures of the United States, shall be admitted into, and entitled to all 
the advantages of this Union; but no other colony shall be admitted into 
the same, unless such admission be agreed to by nine States. 

Art. 12. All bills of credit emitted, moneys borrowed and debts con- 
tracted by or under the authority of Congress, before the assembling of the 
United States, in pursuance of the present confederation, shall be deemed 
and considered as a charge against the United States, for payment and 
satisfaction whereof the said United States and the public faith are hereby 
solemnly pledged. 

Art. 13. Every State shall abide by the determinations of the United 
States, in Congress assembled, on all questions which, by this confedera- 
tion, is submitted to them. And the Articles of this Confederation shall be 
inviolably observed by every State, and the Union shall be perpetual ; nor 
shall any alteration at any time hereafter be made in any of them, unless 
sucli alteration be agreed to in a Congress of the United States, and be 
afterwards confirmed by the Legislatures of every State. 

And whereas it hath pleased the great Governor of the World to 
incline the hearts of the Legislatures we respectively represent in Con- 
gress, to approve of and to authorize us to ratify the said Articles of Con- 
federation and Perpetual Union, know ye, that we, the undersigned dele- 
gates, bj virtue of the power and authority to us given for that purpose, 
do, by these presents, in the name and in behalf of our respective constit- 
uents, fully and entirely ratify and confirm each and every of the said 
Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, and all and singular the 
matters and things therein contained. And we do further solemnly pligh i 
and engage the faith of our respective constituents, and they shall abide by 
the determination of the United States, in Congress assembled, on all ques- 
tions which, by the said confederation, are submitted to them; and thai 
the Articles thereof shall be inviolably observed by the States we respect- 
ively represent, and that the Union shall be perpetual. In witness whereof 
we have hereunto set our hands, in Congress. Done at Philadelphia, in the 
State of Pennsylvania, the ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord 1778, 
and in thp third ve^r of th n Independence of America. 

Josiah Bartlett, John Wentworth, Jr.. 

August 8th, 1778, 
On the part and beJialf of the State of New Hampshire. 

John Hancock, Francis Dana, 

Samuel Adams, James Lovell, 

Elbridge Gerry, Samuel Holton, 

On the -part and behalf of the State of Massachusetts Bay. 



26 ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. 

William Ellery, John Collins, 

Henry Marchant, 

On the -part and behalf of the State of Rhode Island and Provi 
dence Plantations. 

Koger Sherman, Titus Hosmer, 

Samuel Huntington, Andrew Adam, 

Oliver Wolcott, 

On the part and behalf cf the State of Connect '.cut. 

Jas. Duane, William Duer, 

Fras. Lewis, . Gouvr. Morris, 

On the part a:\d behalf of the Stale of New York. 

Jno. Witherspoon, Nath. Sc udder, 

On the part and behalf of the State of New Jersey, Nov. 26th, 
1778. 

Robt. Morris, William Cling ax, 

Daniel Roberdeau, Joseph Reed, 

Jona." Bayard Smith, 22d July, 1778, 

On the part and behalf of the State of Pennsylvania . 

Thos. M'Kean, Feb. .12, 1779, Nicholas Van Dykk, 

John Dickinson, May 5, 1779, 

On the part and behalf of the State of Delaware. 

John Hanson, Daniel Carroll, 

March 1st, 1781, March 1st, 1781, 

On the part and behalf of the Slate of Maryland. 

Richard Henry Lee, John FIarvie, 

John Banister, Francis Lightfoot Lke, 

Thos. Adams, 

On the part and behalf of the State of Virginia. 

John Penn, Corns. Harnett, 

July 21st, 1778, John Williams, 

On the part and behalf of the State of North Carolina. 

Henry Laurens, Richd. Hutson, 

William Henry Drayton, Thos. Heyard, Jr., 

Jno. Matthews, 

On the part and behalf of the State of South Carolina. 

Jno. Walton, Edwd. Telfair, 

24th July, 1778, Edwd. Langworthy, 

On the part and behalf of the State of Georgia, 



THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 



IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776. 

THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one 
people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with 
another, and to assume, among the Powers of the earth, the separate and 
equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle 
ihem, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they 
should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. 

We hold these truths to be ■ self -evident : that all men are created 
equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable 
rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. 
That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, 
deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that when- 
ever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the 
right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new govern- 
ment, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers 
in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and 
happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long estab- 
lished should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accord- 
ingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to 
suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing 
the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of 
abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a 
design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is 
their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for 
their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these 
colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter 
their former systems of government. The history of the present King 
of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all 
having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyrany over these 
States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. 

He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary 
for the public good. 

He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and press- 
ing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should 



28 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 

be obtained; and when so suspended, lie has utterly neglected to attend 10 
them. 

He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large 
districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of rep- 
resentation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formid- 
able to tyrants only. 

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncom- 
fortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the 
sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. 

He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing, with 
manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people. 

He has refused, for a long time after such dissolutions, to cause 
others to be elected; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihi- 
lation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the State 
remaining, in the meantime, exposed to all the dangers of invasion from 
without, and convulsions within. 

He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States; for 
that purpose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refus- 
ing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the 
conditions of new appropriations of lands. 

He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his 
assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. 

He has made judges dependent on his will alone for the tenure of 
their office, and the amount and payment of their salaries. 

He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of 
officers to harrass our people and eat out their substance. 

He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without 
the consent of our Legislatures. 

He has affected to render the military independent of and superior 
to the civil power. 

He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign 
to our Constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to 
their acts of pretended legislation: 

For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us : 

For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any 
murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States: 

For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world: 

For imposing taxes on us without our consent : 

For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury : 

For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offenses: 

For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring 
province, establishing there in an arbitrary government, and enlarging 
its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument 
for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies: 

For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable law3, 
and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments : 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 29 

For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves in- 
vested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. 

He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his pro- 
tection, and waging war against us. 

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and 
destroyed the lives of our people. 

He is, at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries 
to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny already begun, 
with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely parallelled in the most, 
barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation. 

He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high 
seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of 
their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. 

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeav- 
ored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian 
savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction 
of all ages, sexes, and conditions. 

In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress in 
the most humble terms; our repeated petitions have been answered only 
by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every 
act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. 

Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. 
We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts by their Legisla- 
ture to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded 
them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We 
have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have 
conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these 
usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and cor- 
respondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and con- 
sanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity which 
denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of man- 
kind, enemies in war, in peace friends. 

We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, 
in general Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the 
World for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by 
authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and 
declare, That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to he, free and 
independent State?; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the 
British crown, and that all political connection between them and the 
State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; and that, as 
free and independent States, they have full power to levy war, conclude 
peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and 
things which independent States may of right do. And for the support 
of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine 
Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and 
our sacred honor. 

JOHN HANCOCK 



30 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 

New Hampshire — Josiah Bartlett, Wm. Whipple, Matthew Thornton. 

Massachusetts Bay — Saml. Adams, John Adams, Robt. Treat Paine, 
Elbridge Gerry. 

Rhode Island — Step. Hopkins, William Ellery. 

Connecticut — Roger Sherman, Sam'el Huntington, Wm. Williams, 
Oliver Wolcott. 

New York — Wm. Floyd, Phil. Livingston, Frans. Lewis, Lewis 
Morris. 

New Jersey — Richd. Stockton, Jno. Witherspoon, Fras. Hopkinson, 
John Hart, Abra. Clark. 

Pennsylvania — Robt. Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benja. Franklin, John 
Morton, Geo. Clymer, Jas. Smith, Geo. Taylor, James Wilson, Geo Ross. 

Delaware — Caesar Rodney, Geo. Read, Tho. M'Kean. 

Maryland — Samuel Chase, Wm. Paca, Thos. Stone, Charles Carroll 
of Carrollton. 

Virginia — George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Th. Jefferson, Benja. 
Harrison, Thos. Nelson, Jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton. 

North Carolina — Wm. Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn. 

South Carolina — Edward Rutledge, Thos. Heyward, Junr., Thomas 
Lynch, Junr., Arthur Middleton. 

Georgia — Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, Geo. Walton. 



Constitution of the United States of America. 



WE, the people of the United States,, in order to form a more perfect 
Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the 
common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessing.- 
of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this 
Constitution for the United States of America. 

ARTICLE I. 

Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in z 
Congress of the United States which shall consist of a Senate and House 
of Representatives. 

Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members 
chosen every second year by the people of the several States; and the 
electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of 
the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. 

No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the 
age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United 
States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in 
which he shall be chosen. 

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the sev- 
eral States which may be included within this Union, according to their 
respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole 
number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of 
years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. 
The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first 
meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent 
term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The num- 
ber of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, bin 
each State shall have, at least, one Representative; and until such enu- 
meration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to 
choose three; Massachusetts, eight; Rhode Island and Providence Planta- 
tions, one; Connecticut, five; New York, six; New Jersey, four; Penn- 
sylvania, eight; Delaware, one; Maryland, six; Virginia, ten; North 
Carolina, five; South Carolina, five; and Georgia, three. 

When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the 
executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such 
vacancies. 



32 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other 
officers ; and shall have the sole power of impeachment. 

Sec. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two 
Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six years ; 
and each Senator shall have one vote. 

Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first 
election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The 
seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of 
the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, 
and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year ; so that one-third 
may be chosen every second year ; and if vacancies happen by resignation 
or otherwise during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the execu- 
tive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of 
the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 

JSTo person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of 
thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who 
shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall 
be chosen. 

The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the 
Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. 

The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro 
tempore, in the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise tho 
office of President of the United States. 

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When 
sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the 
President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside; 
and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of 
the members present. 

Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to 
removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of 
honor, trust or profit under the United States; but the party convicted 
shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and 
punishment, according to law. 

Sec. 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Sena- 
tors and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legisla- 
ture thereof ; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such 
regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. 

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such 
meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law 
appoint a different day. 

Sec. 5. Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns and 
qualifications of' its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute 
a quorum to do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to 
day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, 
in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 33 

Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its 
members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, 
expel a member. 

Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to 
time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, 
require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house 
on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be 
entered on the journal. 

Neither house, during the session of the Congress, shall, without 
the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any 
other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 

Sec. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensa- 
tion for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the 
treasury of the United States. They shall, in all cases, except treason, 
felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their 
attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and 
returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house, 
they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he 
was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the 
United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof 
shall have been increased during such time; and no person holding any 
office under the United States, shall be a member of either house during 
his continuance in office. 

Sec. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of 
Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, 
as on other bills. 

Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and 
the Senate shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President 
of the United States; if he approve, he shall sign it; but, if not, he shall 
return it with his objections to that house in which it shall have origin- 
ated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal and proceed 
to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that house 
shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, 
to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if 
approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all 
such cases, the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays ; 
and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be 
entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not 
be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after 
it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like 
manner as if- he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, 
prevented its return, in which case it shall not be a law. 

Every order, resolution or vote to which the concurrence of the 
Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a 
question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the 



34 CONSTITUTION OP THE UNITED STATES. 

United States, and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved 
by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds 
of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and 
limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. 

Sec. 8. The Congress shall have power — 

To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts 
and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United 
States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout 
the United States; 

To borrow money on the credit of the United States; 

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several 
States, and with the Indian tribes; 

To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on 
the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States; 

To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and 
fix the standard of weights and measures; 

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and 
current coin of the United States; 

To establish postoffices and postroads; 

To promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for 
limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respec- 
tive writings and discoveries; 

To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court; 

To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high 
seas, and offenses against the law of nations; 

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisals, and make 
rules concerning captures on land and water; 

To raise and support armies; but no appropriation of money to that 
use shall be for a longer term than two years; 

To provide and maintain a navy. 

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and 
naval forces; 

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the 
Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasion; 

To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and 
for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the 
United States, reserving to the States respectively the appointment of the 
officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the disci- 
pline prescribed by Congress; 

To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such 
district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may by cession of particular 
States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the govern- 
ment of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places 
purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the State in which the 
same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, 
and other needful buildings ; and 

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 35 

into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this 
Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any depart- 
ment or officer thereof. 

Sec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the 
States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited 
by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight ; 
but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten 
dollars for each person. 

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, 
unless when in case of rebellion or invasion the public safety may 
require it. 

No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. 

No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion 
to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. 

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. 
No preference shall be g^iven by any regulation of commerce or revenue 
to the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall vessels bound 
to or from one State be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. 

No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of 
appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the 
receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from 
time to time. 

No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and no 
person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the 
consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title 
of any kind whatever, from any king, prince or foreign State. 

Sec. 10. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance or confeder- 
ation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of 
credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of 
debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the 
obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. 

No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts 
or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary 
for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and 
imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of 
the treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to 
the revision and control of the Congress. No State shall, without the 
consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war 
in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another 
State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, 
or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. 

AETICLE II. 

Section 1. The executive power shall be vested in a President of 
the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term 



36 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

of four years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same 
term, be elected as follows: 

Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof 
may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators 
and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress; 
but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or 
profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. 

The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and 
the day on which they shall give their vote; which day shall be the same 
throughout the United States. 

No person, except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United 
States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible 
to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that office 
who shall not have attained to the age of thirtyfive years, and been four- 
teen years a resident within the United States. 

In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, 
resignation or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said 
office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress 
may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation or inabil- 
ity, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what officer shall 
then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the 
disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. 

The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- 
pensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the 
period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within 
that period any other emoluments from the United States, or any of 
them. 

Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the fol- 
lowing oath or affirmation: 

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the 
office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, 
preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States." 

Sec. 2. The President shall be commander in Chief of the army and 
navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, when 
called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the 
opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive 
departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective 
offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses 
against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 

He shall have power, -by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present 
concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and 
consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United 
States, " whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and 
which shall be established by law; bu| the Congress may by law vest the 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 37 

appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the Presi- 
dent alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. 

The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may 
happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which 
shall expire at the end of their next session. 

Sec. 3. He shall, from time to time, give to the Congress informa- 
tion of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration 
such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on 
extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, or either of them, and in 
case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjourn- 
ment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he 
shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care 
that the laws be faithfully executed and shall commission all officers of 
the United States. 

Sec. 4. The President, Vice President, and all civil officers of the 
United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for and con- 
viction of treason, bribery or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 

AETICLE III. 

Section 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested 
in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may 
from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme 
and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and 
shall at stated times receive for their services a compensation, which shall 
not be diminished during their continuance in office. 

Sec. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and 
equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, 
and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all 
cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; to all 
cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which 
the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more 
States; between a State and citizens of another State; between citizens 
of different States; between citizens of the same State claiming lands 
under grants of different States, and between a State, or the citizens 
thereof, and foreign States, citizens or subjects. 

In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, 
and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have 
original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme 
Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such 
exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. 

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by 
jury; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall 
have been committed; but, when not committed within any State, the 
trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have 
directed. 



38 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levy- 
ing war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid 
and comfort. Ne person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testi- 
mony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open 
court. 

The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, 
but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, 
except during the life of the person attainted. 

AETICLE IV. 

Section 1. Eullfaith and credit shall be given in each State to the 
public acts, records and judicial proceedings of every other State. And 
the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such 
acts, records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 

Sec. 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges 
and immunities of citizens in the several States. 

A person charged in any State with treason, felony or other crime, 
who shall flee from justice and be found in another State, shall, on 
demand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be 
delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. 

No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws 
thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regu- 
lation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be 
delivered up on claim of the partiy to whom such service or labor may be 
due. 

Sec. 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this 
Union, but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction 
of any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or 
more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislature 
of the States concerned as well as of the Congress. 

The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful 
rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging 
to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so con- 
strued as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particu- 
lar State. 

Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this 
Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them 
against invasion; and on application of the Legislature, or of the Execu- 
tive (when the Legislature cannot be convened), against domestic vio- 
lence. 

ARTICLE V. 

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it nec- 
essary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the applica- 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 39 

tion of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a 
convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be 
valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when rati- 
fied by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by con- 
ventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratifica- 
tion may be proposed by the Congress; provided that no amendment 
which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and 
eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth 
section of the first article; and that no State, without its consent shall be 
deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. 

ARTICLE VI. 

All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adop- 
tion of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under 
this Constitution as under the Confederation. 

This Constitution and the laws of the United States which shall be 
made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, 
under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the 
land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in 
the Constitution of law T s of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. 

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned and the mem- 
bers of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial 
officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be 
bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious 
test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust 
under the United States. 

ARTICLE VII. 

The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be sufficient 
for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratify- 
ing the same. 

Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States present, the 
seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the 
United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have 
hereunto subscribed our names. 

GEORGE WASHINGTON, 
President, and Deputy from Virginia. 

New Hampshire. Delaware. 

John Langdon, George Read, 

Nicholas Gilman. Gunning Bedford, Jr., 

Massachusetts. John Dickinson, 

Nathaniel Gorham, Richard Basset, 

Rufus King. Jacob Broom, 



40 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Connecticut. 
William Samuel Johnson, 
Roger Sherman. 

New York. 
Alexander Hamilton. 

New Jersey. 
William Livingston, 
David Brearley, 
William Pateison, 
Jonathan Dayton. 

Pennsylvania. 
Benjamin Franklin, 
Thomas Mifflin, 
Robert Morris, 
George Crymer, 
Thomas Fitzsimons, 
Jared Ingersol, 
James Wilson, 
Gouverneur Morris, 



Maryland. 
James M'Henry, 
Dan. of St. Thomas Jenifer. 
Daniel Carroll. 

Virginia. 
John Blair, 
James Madison, Jr. 

North Carolina. 
William Blount, 
R' chard Dobbs Spaight, 
Hu. Williamson. 

South Carolina. 
J. Ruttledge, 

Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney, 
Charles Pinckney, 
Pierce Butler. 

Georgia. 
William Few, 
Abr. Baldwin. 



Attest 



William Jackson, Secretary. 



AMENDMENTS 

To the Constitution of the United States. 



- AETICLE I. 



Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, 
or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of 
speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, 
and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 

AETICLE II. 

A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free 
State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 

AETICLE III. 

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without 
the consent of the owner, nor in the time of war, but in a manner to be 
prescribed by law. 

AETICLE IV. 

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, 
and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio- 
lated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported 
by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched 
and the persons or things to be seized. 

AETICLE V. 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise in- 
famous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, 
except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when 
in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person 
be subject, for the same offense, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or 
limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against 
himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process 
of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just 
compensation. 



42 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION OF UNITED STATES. 

AETICLE VI. 

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a 
speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district 
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have 
been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature 
and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against 
him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and 
to have the assistance of counsel in his defense. 

AETICLE VII. 

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed 
twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact 
tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United 
States than according to the rules of the common law. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor 
cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 

ARTICLE IX. 

The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights, shall not be 
construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

ARTICLE X. 

The powers not delegated to the LTnited States by the Constitution 
nor prohibited by it to the States are reserved to the States respectively, 
or to the people. 

ARTICLE XL 

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to 
extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one 
of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects 
of any foreign State. 

ARTICLE XII. 

The Electors shall meet in their respective States and vote by ballot 
for President and Vice President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an 
inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall name in their 
ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person 
voted for as Vice President, and they shall make distinct lists of all 
persons voted for as President and of all persons voted for as Vice Presi- 
dent, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign 
and certify and transmit sealed to the seat of the Government of the 
LTnited States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President 
of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representa- 



AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION OF UNITED STATES. 43 

lives, cpen all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the 
person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be 
the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of 
Electors appointed; and, if no person have such majority, then from the 
persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of 
those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose 
immediately, by ballot, the President. But, in chosing the President, the 
votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having 
one vote; the quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or 
members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States 
shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall 
not choose a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon 
them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice Presi- 
dent shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitu- 
tional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number 
of votes as Vice President shall be the Vice President, if such number be a 
majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and, if no person 
have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate 
shall choose the Vice President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist 
of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the 
whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitution- 
ally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice 
President of the United States. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a 
punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, 
shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their juris- 
diction. 

Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- 
priate legislation. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, 
and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, 
and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce 
any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of 
the United States ; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty 
or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its 
jurisdiction the equal protection of its laws. 

Sec. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several 
States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number 
of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the 
right to vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and 
Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the 
executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legis- 
lature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State. 



44 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION OF UNITED STATES. 

being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in 
any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, 
the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion 
which the number of such male citizens shall be to the whole number of 
male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. 

Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Eepresentative in Congress, 
or Elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or 
military, under the United States, or any State, who, having previously 
taken an oath as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United 
States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or 
judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United 
States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, 
or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by 
a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. 

Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author- 
ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- 
ties for services in suppressing insurrection and rebellion, shall not be 
questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume 
or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion 
against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of 
any slaves; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal 
and void. 

Sec. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate 
legislation, the provisions of this article. 

AETICLE XV. 

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall 
not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account 
of race, color or previous condition of servitude. 

Sec. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by 
appropriate legislation. 



TREATY WITH FRENCH REPUBLIC. 45 



TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF 
AMERICA AND THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. 



The President of the United States of America and the First Consul 
of the French Republic, in the name of the French people, desiring to 
remove all sources of misunderstanding relative to objects of discussion 
mentioned in the second and fifth articles of the convention of the eighth 
Vendemaire an 9 (thirtieth September, 1800), relative to the rights 
claimed by the United States, in virtue of the treaty concluded at Madrid 
the twenty-seventh of October, 1795, between his Catholic Majesty and 
the said United States, and willing to strengthen the union and friend- 
ship which at the time of said convention was happily re-established 
between the two nations, have respectively named their plenipotentiaries, 
to-wit: the President of the United States of America, by and with the 
advice and consent of the Senate of the said States, Robert R. Livings- 
ton, Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States, and James Monroe, 
Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary of the said States, 
near the Government of the French Republic; and the First Consul, in 
the name of the French people, citizen Francis Barbe Marbois, Minister 
of the Public Treasury, who, after having respectively exchanged their 
full powers, have agreed to the following articles: 

ARTICLE I. 

Whereas, By the article the third of the treaty concluded at St. 
1 1 del f on so, the ninth Vendemaire, an 9 (first October, 1800), between the 
First Consul of the French Republic and his Catholic Majesty, it was 
agreed as follows: "His Catholic Majesty promises and engages on his 
part to cede to the French Republic, six months after the full and entire 
executions of the conditions and stipulations herein relative to his royal 
highness the Duke of Parma, the colony or province of Louisiana, with 
the same extent that it now has in the hands of Spain, and that it had 
when France possessed it; and such as it should be after the treaties 
subsequently entered into between Spain and other States." And, whereas, 
in pursuance of the treaty, and particularly of the third article, the 
French Republic has an incontestable title to the domain and to the pos- 
session of the said territory: the First Consul of the French Republic 
desiring to give to the United States a strong proof of his friendship, doth 
hereby cede to the said United States, in the name of the French Repub- 
lic, forever and in full sovereignty, the said territory with all its rights 



46 TREATY WITH FRENCH REPUBLIC. 

and appurtenances, as fully and in the same manner as they have been 
acquired by the French Republic in virtue of the above mentioned treaty 
concluded with his Catholic Majesty. 

ARTICLE II. 

In the cession made by the preceding article are included the adjacent 
islands belonging to Louisiana, all public lots and squares, vacant lands, 
and 'all public buildings, fortifications, barracks, and other edifices which 
are not private property. The archives, papers and documents relative to 
the domain and sovereignty of Louisiana and its dependencies will be 
left in the possession of the commissaries of the United States, and copies 
will be afterwards given in due form to the magistrates and municipal 
officers of such of the said papers and documents as may be necessary to 
them. 

ARTICLE III. 

The inhabitants of the ceded territory shall be incorporated in the 
Union of the United States, and admitted as soon as possible, according 
to the principles of the Federal Constitution, to the enjoyment of all the 
rights, advantages and immunities of citizens of the United States; and, 
in the meantime, they shall be maintained and protected in the free 
enjoyment of their liberty, property and the religion which they profess. 

ARTICLE IV. 

There shall be sent by the government of France a commissary to 
Louisiana, to the end that he do every act necessary as well to receive 
from the officers of his Catholic Majesty the said country and its depend- 
encies, in the name of the French Republic, if it has not been already 
done, as to transmit it, in the name of the French Republic, to the com- 
missary or agent of the United States. 

ARTICLE V. 

Immediately after the ratification of the present treaty by the Presi- 
de]; t of the United States, and in case that of the First Consul shall have 
previously obtained, the commissary of the French Republic shall remit 
all the military posts of New Orleans, and other parts of the ceded terri- 
tory, to the commissary or commissaries named by the President to take 
possession; the troops, whether of France or Spain, who may be there, 
shall cease to occupy any military post from the time of taking possession 
and shall be embarked as soon as possible, in the course of three months 
after the ratification of this treaty. 

ARTICLE VI. 

The LTnited States promise to execute such treaties and articles as 
may have been agreed between Spain and the tribes and nations of 



TREATY WITH FRENCH REPUBLIC. 47 

Indians, until, by mutual consent of the United States and the said tribe? 
or nations, other suitable articles shall have been agreed upon. 

ARTICLE VII. 

As it is reciprocally advantageous to the commerce of France and the 
United States to encourage the communication of both nations for a 
limited time in the country ceded by the present treaty, until genera] 
arrangements relative to the commerce of both nations may be agreed on, 
it has been agreed between the contracting parties that the French ships, 
coming directly from France or any of her colonies, loaded only with the 
produce or manufactures of France or her said colonies and the ships of 
Spain, coming directly from Spain or any of her colonies, loaded only with 
the produce or manufactures of Spain or her colonies, shall be admitted 
during the space of twelve years in the port of New Orleans, and in all 
other legal ports of entry within the ceded territory, in the same manner 
as the ships of the United States coming directly from France or Spain, 
or any of their colonies, without being subject to any other or greater 
duty on merchandise, or other or greater tonnage than those paid by the 
citizens of the United States. 

During the space of time above mentioned no other nation shall have 
a right to the same privileges in the ports of the ceded territory; the 
twelve years shall commence three months after the exchange of ratifica- 
tions, if it shall take place in France, or three months after it shall have 
been notified at Paris to the French Government, if it shall take place in 
the United States; it is, however, well understood that the object of the 
above article is to favor the manufactures, commerce, freight and naviga- 
tion of France and of Spain, so far as relates to the importations that 
the French and Spanish shall make into the said ports of the United 
States, without in any sort affecting the regulations that the United 
States may make concerning the exportation of the produce and merchan- 
dise of the United States, or any right they may have to make such regu- 
lations. 

AETICLE VIII. 

In future and forever after the expiration of the twelve years the 
ships of France shall be treated upon the footing of the most favored 
nations in the ports above mentioned. 

ARTICLE IX. 

The particular convention signed this day by the respective ministers, 
having for its object to provide for the payment of debts due to the citi- 
zens of the United States by the French Republic, prior to the thirtieth 
of September, 1800, (8th Vendemaire, 9), is approved, and to have its 
execution in the same manner as if it had been inserted in the present 
treaty, and it shall be ratified in the same form and in the same time, so 
that the one shall not be ratified distinct from the other. 

Another particular convention, signed at the same date as the present 



48 TREATY WITH FRENCH REPUBLIC. 

treaty, relative to a definitive rule between the contracting parties, is in 
the like manner approved and will be ratified in the same form and in 
the same time and jointly. 

AETICLE X. 

The present treaty shall be ratified in good and due form, and the 
ratification shall be exchanged in the space of six months after the date 
of the signatures by the ministers plenipotentiaries, or sooner, if possible. 

In faith whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed these 
articles- in the Trench and English languages; declaring, nevertheless, 
that the present treaty was originally agreed to in the French language; 
and have thereunto put their seals. 

Done at Paris the tenth day of Floreal, in the eleventh year of the French 
Republic, and the thirtieth April, 1803. 

EOBERT R. LIVINGSTON, (l. s.) 

JAMES MONROE, (l. s.) 

F. BARBE MARBOIS. (l. s.) 



LAWS DEFINING 

THE 

LIMITS OF THE STATE OF LOUISIANA. 



AN ACT 



Erecting Louisiana into two Territories, and Providing foh 
the Temporary Government Thereof. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives 
of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That bcnmdafies^of 
all that portion of country ceded by France to the United the Territory 
States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies south of the ac t of Con- 
Mississippi territory, and of an east and west line to commence IJoved^March 
on the Mississippi river, at the thirty-third degree of north lat- 20, 1804. 
itude, and to extend west to the western boundary of the said 
cession, shall constitute a territory of the United States, unde'- 
the name of the Territory of Orleans, the government whereof 
shall be organized and administered as follows : 

We, the representatives of the people of all that part of the 

territory or country ceded, under the name of Louisiana, by _ 
i -i -r* • i t'-i-i r»"i Preamble to 

the treaty made at Paris, on the thirtieth day of April, one the Constitu- 

thousand eight hundred and three, between the United States state^of* 16 
f iid France, contained in the following limits, to-wit : Begin- I^ ) 1 u i siana cl 
ning at the mouth of the river Sabine, thence by a line to be 
drawn along the middle of said river, including all its islands, 
to the thirty-second degree of latitude; thence due north to 
the northernmost part of the thirty-third degree of north lati- 
tude; thence along the said parallel of latitude to the river 
Mississippi ; thence down the said river to the river Iberville, 
and from thence along the middle of the said river and lakes 
Maurepas and Pontchartrain to the Gulf of Mexico; thence, 
bounded by the said gulf, to the place of beginning, including 
all islands within three leagues of the coast, in convention 
assembled, by virtue of an act of Congress, entitled "An Act 
to enable the people of the Territory of Orleans to form a con- 
stitution and State government, and for the admission of said 
State into the Union on an equal footing with the original 



50 LAWS DEFINING LIMITS OF STATE OF LOUISIANA. 

States, and for other purposes." In order to secure to all the 
citizens thereof the enjoyment of the right of life, liberty and 
property, do ordain and establish the following constitution or 
form of government, and do mutually agree with each other to 
form ourselves into a free and independent State, by the name 
of the State of Louisiana. 



AN ACT 

To Enlarge the Limits of Louisiana. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives 
Enlarging, the °f the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That 
state* of the * n case *^ e -L e gisl a t ure of the State of Louisiana shall consent 
Louisiana. thereto, all that tract of country comprehended within the fol- 
lowing bounds, to-wit: Beginning at the junction of the Iber- 
ville with the river Mississippi, thence along the middle of the 
Iberville, the river Amite, and of the lakes Maurepas and Pont- 
chartrain, to the eastern mouth of the Pearl river ; thence up 
the eastern branch of Pearl river to the thirty-first degree of 
north latitude; thence along the said degree of latitude to the 
river Mississippi; thence down the said river to the place of 
beginning, shall become and form a part of the said State of 
Louisiana, and be subject to the constitution and laws thereof, 
in the same manner and for all intents and purposes as if it 
had been included within the original boundaries of the said 
State. 

Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That it shall be incum- 
bent upon the Legislature of the State of Louisiana, in case 
they consent to the incorporation of the territory aforesaid 
within their limits, at their first session, to make provision by 
law for the representation of the said territory in the Legisla- 
ture of the State, upon the principles of the constitution, and 
for the securing to the people of the said territory, equal rights, 
privileges, benefits and advantages, with those enjoyed by the 
people of the other parts of the State ; which law shall be liable 
to revision, modification and amendment by Congress, and also 
in the manner provided for the amendment of the State consti- 
tution, but shall not be liable to change or amendment by the 
Legislature of the State. 

H. CLAY, 
Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
WM. H. CRAWFORD, 
President of the Senate pro tempore. 
Approved April 14, 1812. 

JAMES MADISON. 



LAWS DEFINING LIMITS OF STATE OF LOUISIANA. 51 

A RESOLUTION 

Giving the Assent of the Legislature to an Enlargement of 
the Limits of the State of Louisiana. 

Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the State of Louisiana, in General Assembly convened, That Approving the 
whereas the Senate and House of Representatives of the £? ^he^sTtate 
United States of America, in Congress assembled, by an act of Louisiana, 
entitled "An Act to enlarge the limits of the State of Louis- 
iana," have provided that in case the Legislature of the State 
of Louisiana shall consent thereto, all that tract of country- 
comprehended within the following bounds, to-wit : Beginning 
at the junction of the Iberville with the river Mississippi; 
thence along the middle of the Iberville, the river Amite, and 
the lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain, to the mouth of the 
Pearl river ; thence up the eastern branch of Pearl river to the 
thirty-first degree of north latitude; thence along the said 
degree of latitude to the river Mississippi; thence down the 
said river to the place of beginning, shall become and form a 
part of the said State of Louisiana, and be subject to the con- 
stitution and laws thereof in the same manner and for all 
intents and purposes, as if it had been included within the 
original boundaries of said State. 

Be it therefore resolved, and it is hereby resolved, That the 
Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Louis 
iana, in General Assembly convened, do approve of and con- 
sent to the enlargement of the limits of the said State of Louis- 
iana, in manner as provided by the above in part recited act of 
Congress, hereby declaring that the same shall forever be and 
remain a part of the State of Louisiana. 

P. B. St. MARTIN, 
Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
J. POYDRAS, 
President of the Senate, 
August 4, 1812. 
Approved : 

WILLIAM C. C. CLAIBORNE, 

Governor of the State of Louisiana. 



TERRITORIAL ORDINANCE RELATING TO PUBLIC LANDS. 



TERRITORIAL ORDINANCE RELATING TO 
PUBLIC LANDS. 



AN ORDINANCE 



Relating to the Public Lands of the United States, and tup. 
Lands of Non-Resident Proprietors, Citizens of said 
States, within the Territory of Orleans. 

Be it ordained by the Representatives of the people of the 
Territory of Orleans, in Convention assembled, agreeably to an 
act of Congress entitled, "An Act to enable the people of the 
-Territory of Orleans to form a constitution and State govern- 
ment, and for the admission of such State into the Union, on 
an equal footing with the original States, and for other pur- 
poses," That the people inhabiting the said Territory do agree 
and declare that they do forever disclaim all rights or title to 
the waste or unappropriated lands lying within the said Terri- 
tory; and that the same shall be and remain at the sole and 
entire disposition of the United States. 

And be it further enacted, by the authority aforesaid, Tha t 
Lands exempt each and every tract of land, sold by Congress, shall be and 
for five years remain exempt from any tax laid on under the authority of the 
tne m uSted by State of Louisiana, either for State, county, township, parish, 
States. or any other purposes whatever, for the term of five years from 

and after the respective days of the sales thereof, and that the 
lands re not e to S ' ^ an( ^ s belonging to the citizens of the United States residing 
be taxed without the said State of Louisiana, shall never be taxed 

residents' 8 * 1 higher than the lands belonging to persons residing therein; 
lands. an( j {hat no taxes shall be imposed on lands the property of thf 

United States. 

And be it further ordained, by the authority aforesaid, 
That this ordinance shall never be revoked, without the con- 
sent of the United States, in Congress assembled, being first 
obtained for this purpose. 

Done in Convention at New Orleans, this — day of 

December, one thousand eight hundred and eleven, and 
of the Independence of the United States of America 
the thirty-sixth. 

J. POYDRAS, President. 
By order: , 

EL. FROMENTIN, Secretary. 



CONSTITUTIONS 



STATE OF LOUISIANA. 



CoNSTITUTION?OF 1812. 

Adopted at New Orleans, Jan. 22, 1812. 



We. the representatives of the people of all that part of the territory or 
country ceded under the name of Louisiana, by the treaty made at 
Paris, on the thirtieth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and 
three, between the United States and France, contained in the follow- 
ing limits, to-wit : Beginning at the mouth of the river Sabine, thence 
by a line to be drawn along the middle of said river, including all 
its islands, to the thirty-second degree of latitude; thence due north 
to the northernmost part of the thirty-third degree of north latitude ; 
thence along the said parallel of latitude to the river Mississippi; 
thence down the said river to the river Iberville, and from thence 
along the middle of the said river and lakes Maurepas and Pontchar- 
train to the Gulf of Mexico ; thence, bounded by the said gulf, to the 
place of begining, including all islands within three leagues of the 
coast, in Convention assembled, by virtue of an act of Congress, 
entitled, "An act to enable the people of the Territory of Orleans 
to form a Constitution and State Government, and for the admission 
of said State into the Union, on an equal footing with the original 
States, and for other purposes"; in order to secure to all the citizens 
thereof, the enjoyment of the right of life, liberty and property, do 
ordain and establish the folowing Constitution or form of govern- 
ment, and do mutually agree with each other to form ourselves into a 
free and independent State, by the name of the State of Louisiana. 

ARTICLE I. 

CONCERNING THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE POWERS OF GOVERNMENT. 

Section 1. The powers of the Government of the State of Louisiana 
shall be divided into three distinct departments, and each of them be 
confided to a separate body of magistracy, viz. : those which are legislative 
to one; those which are executive, to another; and those which are judi- 
ciary, to another. 

Sec. 2. No person or collection of persons, being one of those depart- 
ments, shall exercise any power properly belonging to either of the others ; 
except in the instances hereinafter expressly directed or permited. 

ARTICLE II. 

CONCERNING THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 

Section 1. The legislative power of this State shall be vested in two 
distinct branches, the one to be styled the House of Representatives, the 



56 CONSTITUTION OF 1812. 

other, the Senate ; and both' together, the General Assembly of the State 
of Louisiana. 

Sec. 2. The members of the House of Representatives shall continue 
in service for the term of two years from the day of the commencement 
of the general election. 

Sec. 3. Representatives shall be chosen on the first Monday of July, 
every two years; and the General Assembly shall convene on the first 
Monday in January in every year, unless a different day be appointed by 
law, and their sessions shall be held at the seat of Government. 

Sec. 4. No person shall be a Representative who, at the time of his 
election, is not a free white male citizen of the United States, and hath 
not attained to the age of twenty-one years, and resided in the State two 
years next preceding his election, and the last year thereof in the county 
for which he may be chosen, or in the district for which he is elected, in 
case the said counties may be divided into separate districts of election, 
and has not held, for one year, in the said county or district, landed prop- 
erty to the value of five hundred dollars, agreeably to the last list. 

Sec. 5. Elections for Representatives for the several counties en- 
titled to representation, shall be held at the places of holding their respec- 
tive courts, or in the several election precincts into which the Legislature 
may think proper, from time to time, to divide any or all of those 
counties. 

Sec. 6. Representation shall be equal and uniform in this State, 
and shall be forever regulated and ascertained by the number of qaulified 
electors therein. In the year one thousand eight hundred and thirteen, 
and every fourth* year thereafter, an enumeration of all the electors shall 
be made in such manner as may be directed by law. The number of Rep- 
resentatives shall, in the several years of making these enumerations, be 
so fixed as not to be less than twenty-five nor more than fifty. 

Sec. 7. The House of Representatives shall choose its Speaker and 
other officers. 

Sec. 8. In all elections for Representatives every free white male 
citizen of the United States, who at the time being hath attained to the 
age of twenty-one years, and resided in the county in which he offers to 
vote one year next preceding the election, and who, in the last six months 
prior to the said election, shall have paid a State tax, shall enjoy the right 
of an elector: Provided, however, That every free white male citizen of 
the United States who shall have purchased land from the United States, 
shall have the right of voting whenever he shall have the other qualifica- 
tions of age and residence above prescribed. Electors shall, in all cases, 
except treason, felony, breach or surety of peace, be privileged from arrest 
during their attendance at, going to, or returning from elections. 

Sec. 9. The members of the Senate shall be chosen for the term of 
four years, and when assembled, have the power to choose its officers 
annually. 

Sec. 10. The State shall be divided into fourteen Senatorial Dis- 
tricts, which shall forever remain indivisible, as follows: The parishes of 



CONSTITUTION OF 1812. 57 

St. Bernard and Plaquemines, including the country above as far as the 
canal (Des Pecheurs), on the east of the Mississippi, and on the west aa 
far as Bernoudy's canal, shall form one district. The city of New 
Orleans, beginning at the Nun's Plantation, above, and extending below 
as far as the above mentioned canal (Des Pecheurs), including the 
inhabitants of the bayou St. John, shall form the second district; the 
remained of the County of Orleans shall form the third district. The 
counties of German Coast, Acadia, Lafourche, Iberville, Pointe Coupee, 
Concordia, Attakapas, Opelousas, Rapides, Natchitoches and Ouachita, 
shall each form one district, and each district shall elect a Senator. 

Sec. 11. At the session of the General Assembly, after this Consti- 
tution takes effect, the Senators shall be divided by lot, as equally as may 
be, into two classes; the seats of the Senators of the first class shall be 
vacated at the expiration of the second year; of the second class, at the 
expiration of the fourth year, so that one-half shall be chosen every two 
years, and a rotation thereby kept up perpetually. 

Sec. 12. No person shall be a Senator who, at the time of his 
election, is not a citizen of the United States, and who hath not attained 
to the age of twenty-seven years, resided in this State four years next 
preceding his election, and one year in the district in which he may be 
chosen; and unless he holds within the same a landed property to the 
value of one thousand dollars, agreeably to the tax list. 

Sec. 13. The first election for Senators shall be general throughout 
the State, and at the same time that the general election for Representa- 
tives is held ; and thereafter there shall be a biennial election of Senators 
to fill the places of those whose time of service may have expired. 

Sec. 14. Not less than a majority of the members of each house of 
the General Assembly shall form a quorum to do business; but a 
smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and shall be authorized by 
law to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and 
under such penalties as may be prescribed thereby. 

Sec. 15. Each house of the General Assembly shall judge of the 
qualifications, elections and returns of its members ; but a contested elec- 
tion shall be determined in such manner as shall be directed by law. 

Sec. 16. Each house of the General Assembly may determine the 
rules of its proceedings, punish a member for disorderly behavior, and 
with the concurrence of two-thirds expel a member, but not a second time 
for the same offense. 

Sec. 17. Each house of the General Assembly shall keep and publish 
weekly, a journal of its proceedings, and the yeas and nays of the mem- 
bers on any question shall, at the desire of any two of them, be entered on 
their journal. 

Sec. 18. Neither house, during the session of the General Assembly 
shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, 
nor to any other place than that to which they may be sitting. 

Sec. 19. The members of the General Assembly shall, severally, 
receive from the public treasury a compensation for their services, which 



58 CONSTITUTION OP 1812. 

shall be four dollars per day, during their attendance on, going to and 
returning from the session of their respective houses: Provided, That 
the same may be increased or diminished by law; but no alteration shall 
take effect during the period of service of the members of the House of 
Representatives, by whom such alteration shall have been made. 

Sec. 20. The members of the General Assembly shall, in all cases, 
except treason, felony, breach or surety of the peace, be privileged from 
arrest, during their atendance at the sessions of their respective houses, 
and going to or returning from the same, and for any speech or debate in 
either house they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

Sec. 21. No Senator or Representative shall, during the term for 
which he was elected, nor for one year thereafter, be appointed or elected 
to any civil office of profit under this State, which shall have been created, 
or the emoluments of which shall have been increased during the time 
such Senator or Representative was in office, except to such offices or 
appointments as may be filled by the elections of the people. 

Sec. 22. No person, while he continues to exercise the functions 
of a clergyman, priest or teacher of any religious persuasion, society or 
sect, shall be eligible to the General Assembly, or to any office of profit 
or trust under this State. 

Sec. 23. No person who, at any time, may have been a collector of 
taxes for the State, or the assistant or deputy of such collector, shall be 
eligible to the General Assembly, until he shall have obtained a quietus 
for the amount of such collection, and for all public moneys for which he 
may be responsible. 

Sec. 24. No bill shall have the force of a law until, on three several 
days, it be read over in each house of the General Assembly, and free dis- 
cussion allowed thereon; unless, in case of urgency, four-fifths of the 
house where the bill shall be depending may deem it expedient to dispense 
with this rule. 

Sec. 25. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House 
of Representatives but the Senate may propose amendments, as in other 
bills : Provided, That they shall not introduce any new matter, under the 
color of an amendment, which does not relate to raising a revenue. 

Sec. 26. The General Assembly shall regulate, by law, by whom and 
in what manner writs of election shall be issued to fill the vacancies which 
may happen in either branch thereof. 

ARTICLE in. 

CONCERNING THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 

Section 1. The supreme executive power of the State shall be 
vested in the chief magistrate, who shall be styled the Governor of the 
State of Louisiana. 

Sec. 2. The Governor shall be elected for the term of four years, in 
the following manner: The citizen^ entitled to vote for Representatives 
shall vote for a Governor at the time and place of voting for Representa- 



CONSTITUTION OF 1812. 59 

tives and Senators. Their votes shall be returned by the persons presid- 
ing over the elections to the seat of Government, addressed to the Presi- 
dent of the Senate; and on the second day of the General Assembly, the 
members of the two houses shall meet in the House of Representatives, 
and immediately after, the two candidates who shall have obtained the 
greatest number of votes shall be balloted for, and the one having a 
majority of votes shall be Governor; Provided, however, That if more than 
two candidates have obtained the highest number of votes, it shall be the 
duty of the General Assembly to ballot for them in the manner above 
prescribed, and in case several candidates should obtain an equal number 
of votes, next to the candidate who has obtained the highest number, it 
shall be the duty of the General Assembly to select in the same manner, 
the candidate who is to be balloted for with him who has obtained the 
highest number of votes. 

Sec. 3. The Governor shall be ineligible for the succeeding four 
years after the expiration of the time for which he shall have been 
elected. 

Sec. 4. He shall be at least thirty-five years of age, and a citizen of 
the United States, and have been an inhabitant of this State at least six 
years preceding his election, and shall hold in his own right a landed 
estate of five thousand dollars value, agreeably to the tax list. 

Sec. 5. He shall commence the execution of his office on the fourth 
Monday succeeding the day of his election, and shall continue in the exe- 
cution thereof, until the end of four weeks next succeeding the election of 
his successor, and until his successor shall have taken the oaths of affirm- 
ations prescribed by this Constitution. 

Sec. 6. No member of Congress, or person holding any office under 
the United States, or minister of any religious society, shall be eligible 
to the office of Governor. 

Sec. 7. The Governor shall, at stated times, receive for his services 
a compensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during 
the term for which he shall have been elected. 

Sec. 8. He shall be commander in chief of the army and navy of 
this State, and of the militia thereof, except when they shall be called into 
the service of the United States, but he shall not command personally 
in the field, unless he shall be advised so to do by a resolution of the 
Generally Assembly. 

Sec. 9. He shall nominate and appoint, with the advice and consent 
of the Senate, judges, sheriffs, and all other officers whose offices are 
established by this Constitution, and whose appointments are not herein 
otherwise provided for; Provided, however, That the Legislature shall 
have a right to prescribe the mode of appointment of all other officers to be 
established by law. 

Sec. 10. The Governor shall have power to fill up vacancies that 
may happen during the recess of the Legislature, by granting commis- 
sions which shall expire at the end of the next session. 

Sec. 11. He shall have power to remit fines and forfeitures, and, 



60 CONSTITUTION OF 1812. 

except in cases of impeachment, to grant reprieves and pardons, with the. 
approbation of the Senate. In cases of treason he shall have power to 
grant reprieves until the end of the next session of the General Assembly 
in which the power of pardoning shall be vested. 

Sec. 12. He may require information, in writing, from the officers 
in the executive department, upon any subject relating to the duties of 
their respective offices. 

Sec. 13. He shall, from time to time, give to the General Assembly 
information respecting the situation of the State, and recommend to their 
consideration such measures as he may deem expedient. 

Sec. 14. He may, on extraordinary occasions, convene the General 
Assembly at the seat of Government, or at a different place, if that should 
have become dangerous from an enemy or from contagious disorders; 
and in case of disagreement between the two houses with respect to the 
time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he may think 
proper, not exceeding four months. 

Sec. 15. He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed. 

Sec. 16. It shall be his duty to visit the different counties at least 
once in every two years, to inform himself of the state of the militia and 
the general condition of the country. 

Sec. 17. In case of the impeachment of the Governor, his removal 
from office, death, refusal to qualify, resignation, or absence from the 
State, the President of the Senate shall exercise all the power and 
authority appertaining to the office of Governor, until another be duly 
qualified, or the Governor absent or impeached shall return or be acquitted. 

Sec. 18. The President of the Senate, during the time he admin- 
isteres the Government, shall receive the same compensation which the 
Governor would have received had he been employed in the duties of his 
office. 

Sec. 19. A Secretary of State shall be appointed and commissioned 
during that term for which the Governor shall have been elected, if he 
shall so long behave himself well; he shall keep a fair register, and attest 
all official acts and proceedings of the Governor, and shall, when required, 
lay the same and all papers, minutes and vouchers relative thereto, before 
either house of the General Assembly, and shall perform such other duties 
as may be enjoined him by law. 

Sec. 20. Every bill which shall have passed both houses shall be 
presented to the Governor ; if he approve, he shall sign it ; if not, he shall 
return it, with his objections, to the house in which it shall have origin- 
ated, who shall enter the objections at large upon their journal, and pro- 
ceed to reconsider it; if, after such reconsideration, two- thirds of all the 
members elected to that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, 
with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be recon- 
sidered, and if approved by two-thirds of all the members elected to that 
house, it shall be a law; but, in such cases, the votes of both houses shall 
be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the members voting 
for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house, res- 



CONSTITUTION OF 1812. 61 

pectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within ten 
days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have been presented to him, it 
shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the General 
Assembly, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall 
be a law, unless sent back within three days after their next meeting. 

Sec. 21. Every order, resolution or vote, to which the concurrence of 
both houses may be necessary, except on a question of adjournment, shall 
be presented to the Governor, and before it shall take effect, be approved 
by him ; or, being disapproved, shall be repassed by two-thirds of both 
houses. 

Sec. 22. The free white men of this State shall be armed and dis- 
ciplined for its defense; but those who belong to religious societies whose 
tenets forbid them to carry arms, shall not be compelled so to do, but shall 
pay an equivalent for personal service. 

Sec. 23. The militia of this State shall be organized in such manner 
as may be hereafter deemed most expedient by the Legislature. 

AKTICLE IV. 

CONCERNING THE JUDICIARY DEPARTMENT. 

Section 1. The judiciary power shall be vested in a Supreme Court 
and inferior courts. 

Sec. 2. The Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction only, 
which jurisdiction shall extend to all civil cases when the mater in dis- 
pute shall exceed the sum of three hundred dollars. 

Sec. 3. The Supreme Court shall consist of no less than three 
judges, nor more than five, the majority of whom shall form a quorum; 
each of said judges shall receive a salary of five thousand dollars, 
annually. The Supreme Court shall hold its sesseions at the places herein- 
after mentioned ; and for that purpose the State is hereby divided into two 
districts of appellate jurisdiction, in each of which the Supreme Court 
shall administer justice in the manner hereinafter prescribed. The East- 
ern District to consist of the counties of Orleans, German Coast, Acadia, 
Lafourche, Iberville and Pointe Coupee; the Western District to consist 
of the counties of Attakapas, Opelousas, Rapides, Concordia, Natchito- 
ches and Ouachita. The Supreme Court shall hold its sessions in each 
year for the Eastern District, in New Orleans, during the months of 
November, December, January, February, March, April, May, June and 
July; and for the Western District, at the Opelousas, during the months 
of August, September and October, for five years: Provided, however, 
That every five years the Legislature may change the place of holding said 
court in the Western District. The said court shall appoint its own 
clerks. 

Sec. 4. The Legislature is authorized to establish such inferior 
courts as may be convenient to the administration of justice. 

Sec. 5. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall 
hold their offices during good behavior; but for any reasonable cause 



62 CONSTITUTION OF 1812. 

which shall not be sufficient ground for impeachment, the Governor shall 
remove any of them, on the address of three-fourths of each house of the 
General Assembly : Provided, however, That the cause or causes for which 
such removal may be required, shall be stated at length in the address, 
and inserted on the journal of each house. 

Sec. 6. The judges, by virtue of their office, shall be conservators 
of the peace throughout the State; the style of all process shall be"The 
State of Louisiana." All prosecutions shall be carried on in the name 
and by the authority of the State of Louisiana, and conclude 'against 
the peace and dignity of the same.' 

Sec. 7. There shall be an Attorney General for the State, and as 
many other prosecuting attorneys for the State as may be hereafter found 
necessary. The said attorneys shall be appointed by the Governor, with 
the advice and approbation of the Senate. Their duties shall be deter- 
mined by law. 

Sec. 8. All commissions shall be in the name and by authority 
of the State of Louisiana, and sealed with the State seal, and signed by 
the Governor. 

Sec. 9. The State Treasurer, and Printer or Printers of the State 
shall be appointed annually, by the joint vote of both houses of the General 
Assembly: Provided, That during the recess of the same, the Governor 
shall have power to fill vacancies which may happen in either of the said 
offices. 

Sec. 10. The clerks of the several courts shall be removable for 
breach of good behavior, by the court of appeals only, who shall be judge 
of the fact as well as of the law. 

Sec. 11. The existing laws of this Territory, when this Constitu- 
tion goes into, effect, shall continue to be in force until altered or 
abolished by the Legislature: Provided, however, That the Legislature 
shall never adopt any system or code of laws, by a general reference to the 
said system or code; but in all cases, shall specify the several provisions 
of the laws it may enact. 

Sec. 12. The judges of all the courts within this State shall, as often 
as it may be possible so to do, in every definite judgment, refer to the par- 
ticular law, in virtue of which such judgment may have been rendered; 
and in all cases, adduce the reasons on which their judgment is founded. 

ARTICLE Y. 

CONCERNING IMPEACHMENT. 

Section 1. The power of impeachment shall be vested in the House 
of Representatives alone. 

Sec. 2. All impeachment shall be tried by the Senate. "When 
sitting for that purpose the Senators shal be upon oath or affirmation, 
and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds 
of the members present. * 

Sec. 3. The Governor and all the civil officers shall be liable to 



CONSTITUTION OF 1812. 63 

impeachment for any misdemeanor in office ; but judgment, in such cases, 
shall not extend further than to the removal from office and disqualifica- 
tion to hold any office of honor, trust or profit under this State; but the 
parties convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, 
trial and punishment, according to law. 

AETICLE VI. 

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 

Section 1. Members of the General Assembly, and all officers, 
executive and judicial, before they can enter upon the execution of their 
respective offices, shall take the following oath or affirmation: "I (A.B.) 
do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully and impartially dis- 
charge and perform all the duties incumbent on me as , accord- 
ing to the best of my abilities and understanding, agreeably to the rule3 
and regulations of the Constitution and the laws of the State, so help 
me God." 

Sec. 2. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war 
against it or in adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. 
No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two 
witnesses to the same overt act, or his own confession in open court. 

Sec. 3. Every person shall be disqualified from serving as Governor, 
Senator or Representative, for the term for which he shall have been 
elected, who shall have been convicted of having given or offered any 
bribe to procure his election. 

Sec. 4. Laws shall be made to exclude from office and from suffrage 
those who shall thereafter be convicted of bribery, perjury, forgery or 
other high crimes or misdemeanors ; the privilege of free suffrage shall be 
supported by laws regulating elections and prohibiting, under adequate 
penalties, all undue influence thereon from power, bribery, tumult, or 
other improper practices. 

Sec. 5. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in pursu- 
ance of appropriations made by law, nor shall any appropriation of 
money for the support of an army be made for a longer term than one 
year; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expendi- 
tures of all public money shall be published annually. 

Sec. 6. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to pass such 
laws as may be necessary and proper to decide differences by arbitrators, 
to be appointed by the parties who may choose that summary mode of 
adjustment. 

Sec. 1. All civil officers of the State at large shall reside within the 
State, and all district or county officers within their respective districts 
or counties, and shall keep their respective offices at such places therein 
as may be required by law. 

Sec. 8. The Legislature shall determine the time of duration of the 
several public offices when such time shall not have been fixed by this 
Constitution, and all civil officers except the Governor and judges of the 



64 CONSTITUTION OF 1812. 

superior and inferior courts shall be removable by an address of two- 
thirds of the members of both houses, except those, the removal of whom 
has been otherwise provided for by this Constitution. 

Sec. 9. Absence on the business of this State or of the United 
States shall not forfeit a residence once obtained so as to deprive any one 
of the right of suffrage, or of being elected or appointed to any office 
under this State, under the exceptions contained in this Constitution. 

Sec. 10. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to regulate by 
law in what cases and what deduction from the salaries of public officers 
shall be" made for neglect of duty in their official capacity. 

Sec. 11. Returns of all elections for the members of the General 
Assembly shall be made to the Secretary of State for the time being. 

Sec. 12. The Legislature shall point out the manner in which a man 
coming into the country shall declare his residence. 

Sec. 13. In all elections by the people, and also by the Senate and 
House of Representatives, jointly or separately, the vote shall be given 
by ballot. 

Sec. 14. No member of Congress, nor person holding or exercising 
any office of trust or profit under the United States, or either of them, 
or under any foreign powers, shall be eligible as a member of the General 
Assembly of this State, or hold or exercise any office of trust or profit 
under the same. 

Sec. 15. All laws that may be passed by the Legislature, and the 
public records of this State, and the judicial and legislative written pro- 
ceedings of the same, shall be promulgated, preserved and conducted in 
the language in which the Constitution of the United States is written. 

Sec. 16. The General Assembly shall direct by law how persons 
who are now or may hereafter become securities for public officers may 
be relieved or discharged on account of such securityship. 

Sec. 17. No power of suspending the laws of this State shall be 
exercised unless by the Legislature or its authority. 

Sec. 18. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused has the right of 
being heard by himself or counsel, of demanding the nature and cause 
of the accusation against him, of meeting the witnesses face to face, 
of having compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and 
prosecutions by indictment or information, a speedy public trial by an 
impartial jury of the vicinage, nor shall he be compelled to give evidence 
against himself. 

Sec. 19. All prisoners shall be bailable by sufficient securities, unless 
for capital offenses, where the proof is evident or the presumption great, 
and the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, 
unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may 
require it. 

Sec. 20. No ex post facto law, nor any law impairing the obligation 
of contracts, shall be passed. 

Sec. 21. Printing presses shall be free to every person who under- 
takes to examine the proceedings of the Legislature, or any other branch 



CONSTITUTION OP 1812. 65 

of the Government, and no law shall ever be made to restrain the rights 
thereof. The free communications of thoughts and opinions is one of the 
invaluable rights of man, and every citizen may freely speak, write and 
print on any subject, being responsible for the abuse of that liberty. 

Sec. 22. Emigration from the State shall not be prohibited. 

Sec. 23. The citizens of the town of New Orleans shall have the 
right of appointing the several public officers necessary for the admini- 
stration and the police of the said city, pursuant to the mode of election 
which shall be prescribed by the Legislature; provided, that the Mayor 
and Recorder be ineligible to a seat in the General Assembly. 

Sec. 24. The seat of Government shall continue at New Orleans 
until removed by law. 

Sec. 25. All laws contrary to this Constitution shall be null and 
void. 

ARTICLE VII. 

MODE OF REVISING THE CONSTITUTION. 

Section 1. When experience shall point out the necessity of amend- 
ing this Constitution, and a majority of all the members elected to each 
house of the General Assembly shall, within the first twenty days of their 
stated annual session, concur in passing a law, specifying the alterations 
intended to be made, for taking the sense of the good people of this State, 
as to the necessity and expediency of calling a convention, it shall be the 
duty of the several returning officers at the next general election which 
shall be held for Representatives, after the passage of such law, to open 
a poll for, and make return to the Secretary for the time being of the 
names of all those entitled to vote for Representatives, who have voted 
for calling a convention; and, if thereupon it shall appear that a majority 
of all the citizens of this State entitled to vote for Representatives, have 
voted for a convention, the General Assembly shall direct that a similar 
poll shall be opened, and taken for the next year; and, if thereupon it 
shall appear that a majority of all the citizens of this State entitled to 
vote for Representatives have voted for a convention, the General 
Assembly shall, at their next session call a convention, to consist of as 
many members as there shall be in the General Assembly, and no more, 
to be chosen in the same manner and proportion, at the same places and 
at the same time that Representatives are, by citizens entitled to vote for 
Representatives; and to meet within three months after the said election 
for the purpose of readopting, amending or changing this Constitution. 
But, if it shall appear by the vote of either year, as aforesaid, that a 
majority of all the citizens entitled to vote for Representatives did not 
vote for a convention, a convention shall not be called. 

SCHEDULE. 

Section 1. That no inconvenience may arise from the change of a 
territorial to a permanent State Government, it is declared by the Con- 
vention that all rights, suits, actions, prosecutions, claims and contracts, 



6Q CONSTITUTION OF 1812. 

both as it respects individuals and bodies corporate, shall continue as if 
no change had taken place in this Government in virtue of the laws now 
in force. 

Sec. 2. All fines, penalties and forfeitures, due and owing to the 
Territory of Orleans, shall inure to the use of the State. All bonds 
executed to the Governor or any other officer in his official capacity, in 
the Territory, shall pass over to the Governor or to the officers of the 
State and their successors in office, for the use of those concerned, as 
the case may be. 

Sec. 3. The Governor, Secretary and judges, and all other officers 
under the Territorial Government, shall continue in the exercise of the 
duties of their respective departments until the said officers are superceded 
under the authority of this Constitution. 

Sec. 4. All laws now in force in this Territory, not inconsistent 
with this Constitution, shall continue and remain in full effect until 
repealed by the Legislature. 

Sec. 5. The Governor of this State shall make use of his private 
seal until a State seal be procured. 

Sec. 6. The oaths of office herein directed to be taken may be 
administered by any justice of the peace, until the Legislature shall 
otherwise direct. 

Sec. 7. At the expiration of the time after which this Constitution 
is to go into operation, or immediately after official information shall 
have been received that Congress have approved of the same, the Presi- 
dent of the Convention shall issue writs of election to the proper officers 
in the different counties, enjoining them to cause an election to be held 
for Governor and members of the General Assembly in each of their 
respective districts. The election shall commence on the fourth Monday 
following the day of the date of the President's proclamation, and shall 
take place on the same day throughout the State. The mode and dura- 
tion of the said election shall be determined by the laws now in force; 
provided, however, that in case of absence or disability of the President 
of the Convention to cause the said election to be carried into effect, the 
Secretary of the Convention shall discharge the duties hereby imposed 
on the President; and that, in case of absence of the Secretary, a com- 
mittee of Messrs. Blanque, Brown and Urquart, or a majority of them, 
shall discharge the duties herein imposed on the Secretary of the Con- 
vention; and the members of the General Assembly thus elected shall 
assemble on the fourth Monday thereafter at the seat of Government. The 
Governor and members of the General Assembly, for this time only, shall 
enter upon the duties of their respective offices immediately after their 
election, and shall continue in office in the manner and during the same 
period they would have done had they been elected on the first Monday 
of July, one thousand eight hundred and twelve. 

Sec. 8. Until the first enumeration shall be made, as directed in the 
sixth seetion of the second article of this Constitution, the county of 
Orleans shall be entitled to six Kepresentatives, to be elected as follows: 



CONSTITUTION OP 1812. 



67 



one by the First Senatorial District within the said county, four by the 
Second District, and one by the Third District; the County of German 
Coast, to two Eepresentatives ; the County of Arcadia, to two Representa- 
tives; the County of Iberville, to two Representatives; the County of 
Lafourche, to two Representatives, to be elected as follows: one by the 
Parish of Assumption, and the other by the Parish of the Interior; the 
County of Rapides, to two Representatives; the County of Natchitoches, 
to one Representative; the County of Concordia, to one Representative; 
the County of Ouachita, to one Representative; the County of Opelousas, 
to two Representatives; the County of Attakapas, to three Representa- 
tives, to be elected as follows : Two by the Parish of St. Martin, and the 
third by the Parish of St. Mary; and the respective Senatorial Districts 
created by this Constitution, to one Senator each. 

Done in Convention at New Orleans the twenty-second day of the month 
of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and 
twelve, and of the Independence of the United States of America 
the thirty-sixth. 

J. POYDRAS, President of the Convention. 



J. D. Degoutin Bellechasse, 

J. Blanque, 

F. J. LeBreton D'Orgenoy, 

Mgre. Guichard, 

S. Henderson, 

Denis Delaronde, 

F. Ltvaudais, 

B. Marigny, 

Thomas Urquhart, 

Jacques Villere, 

John Watkins, 

Samuel Winter, 

of the county of Orleans. 
James Brown, 
Jean-Noel Destrehan, 
Adre. La Branche, 

of the county of German Coast. 
Michel Cantrelle, 
J. M. Reynaud, 
Genezi Roussin, 

of the county of Acadia. 
Amant Hebert, 
William Wikoff, Jr., 

of the county of Iberville. 
P. Boissier, 
J. Prud'homme, 



William Goforth, 
Bela Hubbard, Jr., 
St. Martin, 
H. S. Thibodaux, 

of the county of Lafourche. 
S. HmiART, 

of the county of Pointe Coupee. 
R. Hall, 
Thos. F. OLrVER, 
Levi Wells, 

of the county of Rapides. 
James Dunlap, 
David B. Morgan, 

of the county of Concordia. 
Henry Bry, 

of the county of Ouachita. 
Allan B. Marguder, 
D. J. Sutton, 
John Thompson, 

of the county of Opelousas. 
Louis De Blanc, 
Henry Johnson, 
W. C. Maquille, 
Chas. Olivier, 
Alexander Porter, 

of the county of Attakapas. 



of the county of Natchitoches. 

ELIGIUS FROMENTIN, Secretary of the Convention. 



Constitution of 1845. 

Adopted May 14, 1845. 



PKEAMBLE. 



We, the people of the State of Louisiana, do ordain and establish 
this Constitution. 

TITLE I. 

DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS. 

Art. 1. The powers of the Government of the State of Louisiana 
shall be divided into three distinct departments, and each of them be 
confined to a separate body of magistracy, to- wit: Those which are legis- 
lative to one; those which are executive to another; and those which are 
judicial to another. 

Art. 2. No one of these departments, nor any person holding office 
in one of them, shall exercise power properly belonging to either of the 
others, except in . the instances hereinafter expressly directed or per- 



mi 



tted. 



TITLE II. 



LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 



Art. 3. The legislative power of the State shall be vested in two 
distinct branches, the one to be styled the "House of Representatives," 
the other the "Senate," and both the "General Assembly of the State of 
Louisiana." 

Art. 4. The members of the House of Representatives shall con- 
tinue in service for the term of two years from the day of the closing of 
the general elections. 

Art. 5. Representatives shall be chosen on the first Monday in 
November, every two years; and the election shall be completed in one 
day. The General Assembly shall meet every second year, on the third 
Monday in January next ensuing the election, unless a different day be 
appointed by law, and their sessions shall be held at the seat of Govern- 
ment. 

Art. 6. No person shall be a Representative who at the time of his 
election is not a free white male, and has not been for three years a 
citizen of the United States, and has not attained the age of twenty-one 
years, and resided in the State for the three years next preceding the 



CONSTITUTION OF 1845. 69 

election, and the last year thereof in the parish for which he may be 
chosen. 

Art. 7. Election for Representatives for the several parishes or 
Representative Districts shall be held at the several election precincts 
established by law. The Legislature may delegate the power of establishing 
election precincts to the parochial or municipal authorities. 

Art. 8. Representation in the House of Representatives shall be 
equal and uniform, and shall be regulated and ascertained by the number 
of qualified electors. Each parish shall have at least one Representative ; 
no new parish shall be created with a territory less than six hundred and 
twenty-five square miles, nor with a number of electors less than the full 
number entitling it to a Representative, nor when the creation of such 
new parish would leave any other parish without the said extent of terri- 
tory and number of electors. 

The first enumeration to be made by the State authorities under this 
Constitution shall be made in the year 1847; the second, in the year 
1855, and the subsequent enumerations shall be made every tenth year 
thereafter in such manner as shall be prescribed by law for the purpose 
of ascertaining the total population and the number of qualified electors 
in each parish and election district. 

At the first regular session of the Legislature after the making of 
each enumeration, the Legislature shall apportion the representation 
amongst the several parishes and election districts on the basis of quali- 
fied electors, as aforesaid. A representative number shall be fixed, and 
each parish and election district shall have as many Representatives as 
the aggregate number of its electors will entitle it to, and an additional 
Representative for any fraction exceeding one-half of the representative 
number. The number of Representatives shall not be more than one hun- 
dred, not less than seventy. 

That part of the Parish of Orleans situated on the left bank of the 
Mississippi shall be divided into nine Representative Districts, as follows, 
viz.: 

First — First District to extend from the line of the Parish of Jeffer- 
son to the middle of Benjamin, Estelle and Thalia streets. 

Second — Second District to extend from the last mentioned limit 
to the middle of Julia street, until it strikes the New Orleans Canal; 
thence down said canal to the lake. 

Third — Third District to comprise the residue of the Second Munici- 
pality. 

Fourth — Fourth District to extend from the middle of Canal street 
to the middle of St. Louis street, until it reaches the Metairie road; 
thence along said road to the New Orleans Canal. 

Fifth — Fifth District to extend from the last mentioned limits to the 
middle of St. Philip street; thence down said street until its intersection 
with the Bayou St. John; thence along the middle of said bayou until 
it intersects the Metairie road; thence along said road until it reaches 
St. Louis street. 



70 CONSTITUTION OP 1845. 

Sixth — Sixth District to comprise the residue of the First Munici- 
pality. 

Seventh — Seventh District, from the middle of Esplanade street to 
the middle of Champs Elysees street. 

Eighth — Eighth District, from the middle of Champs Elysees street 
to the middle of Enghein street and Lafayette avenue. 

Ninth — Ninth District, from the middle of Enghein street and 
Lafayette avenue to the lower limits of the parish. 

Art. 9. The House of Representatives shall choose its Speaker and 
other officers. 

Art. 10. In all elections by the people, every free white male, who 
has been two years a citizen of the United States, who has attained the 
age of twenty-one years, and resided in the State two consecutive years 
next preceding the election, and the last year thereof in the parish in 
which he offers to vote, shall have the right of voting; provided, that no 
person shall be deprived of the right of voting who, at the time of the 
adoption of this Constitution, was entitled to that right under the Con- 
stitution of 1812. Electors shall in all cases, except treason, felony, 
breach of surety of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their 
attendance at, going to, or returning from elections. 

Art. 11. Absence from the State for more than ninety consecutive 
days shall interrupt the acquisition of the residence required in the pre- 
ceding section, unless the person absenting himself shall be a house- 
keeper, or shall occupy a tenement for carrying on business, and his 
dwelling house or tenement for carrying on business shall be actually 
occupied during his absence by his family or servants, or some portion 
thereof, or by some one employed by him. 

Art. 12. No soldier, seaman or marine in the army or navy of the 
United States, no pauper, no person under interdiction, nor under convic- 
tion of any crime punishable with hard labor, shall be entitled to vote at 
any election in this State. 

Art. 18. No person shall be entitled to vote at any election held in 
this State, except in the parish of his residence, and in cities and towns 
divided into election precincts, in the election precinct in which he 
resides. 

Art. 14. The members of the Senate shall be chosen for the term of 
four years. The Senate, when assembled, shall have the power to choose 
its officers every two years. 

Art. 15. The Legislature, in every year in which they shall appor- 
tion representation in the House of Representatives, shall divide the State 
into Senatorial Districts. No parish shall be divided in the formation of 
a Senatorial District, the Parish of Orleans excepted. And, whenever a 
new parish shall be created, it shall be attached to the Senatorial District 
from whicri most of its territory was taken, or to another contiguous 
district, at the discretion of the Legislature; but shall not be attached to 
more than one district. The number of Senators shall be thirty-two, and 
they shall be apportioned among the Senatorial Districts according to 



CONSTITUTION OF 1845. 71 

the total population contained in the several districts; provided, that n*. 
parish shall be entitled to more than one-eighth of the whole number of 
Senators. 

Art. 16. In all apportionments of the Senate, the population of the 
City of New Orleans shall be deducted from the population of the whole 
State, and the remainder of the population divided by the number 
twenty-eight, and the result produced by this division shall be the sen- 
atorial ratio entitling a Senatorial District to a Senator. Single or con- 
tiguous parishes shall be formed into districts having a population the 
nearest possible to the number entitling a district to a Senator; and, if 
in the apportionment to be made a parish or district fall short of or 
exceed the ratio one-fifth, then a district may be formed having not more 
than two Senators, but not otherwise. No new apportionment shall have 
the effect of abridging the term of service of any Senator already elected 
at the time of making the apportionment. After an enumeration has 
been made as directed in the (eighth) article, the Legislature shall not 
pass any law until an apportionment of representation in both houses of 
the General Assembly be made. 

Art. 17. At the first session of the General Assembly after this 
Constitution takes effect, the Senators shall be equally divided by lot into 
two classes; the seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated 
at the expiration of the second year; of the second class, at the expira- 
tion of the fourth year; so that one-half shall be chosen every two years 
and a rotation thereby kept up perpetually. In case any district shall 
have elected two or more Senators, said Senators shall vacate their seats 
respectively at the end of two and four years, and lots shall be drawn 
betwen them. 

Art. 18. No person shall be a Senator who, at the time of his elec- 
tion, has not been a citizen of the United States ten years, and who has 
not attained the age of twenty-seven years, and resided in the State four 
years next preceding his election, and the last year thereof in the district 
in which he may be chosen. 

Art. 19. The first election for Senators shall be general throughout 
the State, and at the same time that the general election for Representa- 
tives is held; and thereafter there shall be biennial elections to> fill the 
places of those whose time of service may have expired. 

Art. 20. Not less than a majority of the members of each house of 
the General Assembly shall form a. quorum to do business ; but a smaller 
number may adjourn from day to day, and shall be authorized by law to 
compel the attendance of absent members. 

Art. 21. Each house of the General Assembly shall judge of the 
qualification, election and returns of its members ; but a contested election 
shall be determined in such manner as shall be directed by law. 

Art. 22. Each house of the General Assembly may determine the 
rules of its proceedings, punish a member for disorderly behavior, and 
with the concurrence of two-thirds expel a member, but not a second time 
for the same offense. 



72 CONSTITUTION OP 1845. 

Art. 23. Each house of the General Assembly shall keep and pub- 
lish weekly a journal of its proceedings, and the yeas and nays of its 
members on any question shall, at the desire of any two of them, be 
entered on the journal. 

Art. 24. Each house may punish by imprisonment any person not 
a. member, for disrespectful and disorderly behavior in its presence, or for 
obstructing any of its proceedings. Such imprisonment shall not exceed 
ten days for any one offense. 

Art. 25. Neither house, during the session of the General Assembly, 
shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, 
nor to any other place than that in which they may be sitting. 

Art. 26. The members of the General Assembly shall receive from 
the public treasury a compensation for their services, which shall be four 
dollars per day during their attendance, going to and returning from the 
session of their respective houses. The compensation may be increased 
or diminished by law ; but no alteration shall take effect during the period 
of service of the members of the House of Representatives by whom such 
alteration shall have been made. No session shall extend to a period 
beyond sixty days, to date from its commencement, and any legislative 
action had after the expiration of the said sixty days shall be null and 
void. This provision shall not apply to the first Legislature which is to 
convene after the adoption of this Constitution. 

Art. 27. The members of the General Assembly shall, in all cases 
except treason, felony, breach of surety of the peace, be privileged from 
arrest during their attendance at the sessions of their respective houses, 
and going to or returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in 
either house they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

Art. 28. No Senator or Representative shall, during the term for 
which he was elected, nor for one year thereafter, be appointed or elected 
to any civil office of profit under this State which shall have been created 
or the emoluments of which shall have been increased during the time such 
Senator or Representative was in office, except to such offices or appoint- 
ments as may be filled by the elections of the people. 

Art. 29. No person, while he continues to exercise the functions of 
a clergyman, priest or teacher of any religious persuasion, society or sect, 
shall be eligible to the General Assembly. 

Art. 30. No person who at any time may have been a collector of 
taxes, or who may have been otherwise intrusted with public money, shall 
be eligible to the General Assembly or to any office of profit or trust under 
the State Government until he shall have obtained a discharge for the 
amount of such collections, and for all public moneys with which he may 
have been intrusted. 

Art. 31. No bill shall have the force of a law until on three several 
days, it be read over in each house of the General Assembly, and free dis- 
cussion allowed thereon ; unless in case of urgency, four-fifths of the house 
where the bill shall be pending, may deem it expedient to dispense with 
this rule. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1845. 73 

Art. 32. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House 
of Representatives, but the Senate may propose amendments, as in other 
bills; provided, they shall not introduce any new matter under the color 
of an amendment which does not relate to raising revenue. 

Art. 33. The General Assembly shall regulate by law, by whom and 
in what manner writs of election shall be issued to fill vacancies which 
may happen in either branch thereof. 

Art. 34. A majority of the members elected to the Senate shall be 
required for the confirmation or rejection of ofiicers to be appointed by 
the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate; and the Senate 
in deciding thereon, shall vote by yeas and nays, and the names of the 
Senators voting for and against the appointments, respectively, shall be 
entered on a journal to be kept for that purpose, and made public at the 
end of each session, or before. 

Art. 35. Returns of all elections for members of the General 
Assembly shall be made to the Secretary of State. 

Art. 36. A Treasurer of the State shall be elected biennially by 
joint ballot of the two houses of the General Assembly. The Governor 
shall have power to fill any vacancy that may happen in that ofiice during 
the recess of the Legislature. 

Art. 37. In the year in which a regular election of a Senator of the 
United States is to take place, the members of the General Assembly 
shall meet in the Hall of the House of Representatives on the Monday 
following the meeting of the Legislature, and proceed to the said election. 

TITLE IH. 

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 

Art. 38. The supreme executive power of the State shall be vested 
in a chief magistrate, who shall be styled the Governor of the State of 
Louisiana. He shall hold ofiice during the term of four years; and, 
together with the Lieutenant Governor, chosen for the same term, be 
elected as follows: The qualified electors for Representatives shall vote 
for a Governor and Lieutenant Governor at the time and place of voting 
for Representatives; the returns of every election shall be sealed up and 
transmitted by the proper returning officer to the Secretary of State, who 
shall deliver them to the Speaker of the House of Representatives on the 
second day of the session of the General Assembly then next to be holden. 
The members of the General Assembly shall meet in the House of Repre- 
sentatives to examine and count the votes. The person having the 
greatest number of votes for Governor shall be declared duly elected; 
but if two or more persons shall be equal, and the highest in the number 
of votes polled for Governor, one of them shall immediately be chosen 
Governor, by joint vote of the members of the General Assembly. The 
person having the greatest number of votes for Lieutenant Governor shall 
be Lieutenant Governor; but, if two or more persons shall be equal, and 
highest in the number of votes polled for Lieutenant Governor, one of 



74 CONSTITUTION OF 1845. 

them shall be immediately chosen Lieutenant Governor by joint vote of 
the members of the General Assembly. 

Art. 39. No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor or 
Lieutenant Governor who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five 
years, been fifteen years a citizen of the United States, and a resident 
within the State for the same space of time next preceding his election. 

Art. 40. The Governor shall enter on the discharge of his duties 
on the fourth Monday of January next ensuing his election, and shall 
continue in office until the Monday next succeeding the day that his suc- 
cessor shall have been declared duly elected, and shall have taken the oath 
or affirmation prescribed by this Constitution. 

j^rt. 41. The Governor shall be ineligible for the succeeding four 
years after the expiration of the time for which he shall have been elected. 

Art. 42. No member of Congress or person holding any office under 
the United States, or minister of any religious society, shall be eligible 
to the office of Governor or Lieutenant Governor. 

Art. 43. In case of the impeachment of the Governor, his removal 
from office, death, refusal or inability to qualify, resignation or absence 
from the State, the powers and duties of the office shall devolve upon the 
Lieutenant Governor for the residue of the term, or until the Governor, 
absent or impeached, shall return or be acquitted. The Legislature may 
provide by law for the case of removal, impeachment, death, resignation, 
disability or refusal to qualify of both the Governor and Lieutenant Gov- 
ernor, declaring what officer shall act as Governor ; and such officer shall 
act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or for the residue of the 
term. 

Art. 44. The Lieutenant Governor or other officer discharging the 
duties of Governor, shall, during his administration, receive the same com- 
pensation to whieh the Governor would have been entitled had he con- 
tinued in office. 

Art. 45. The Lieutenant Governor shall, by virtue of his office, be 
President of the Senate, but shall have only a casting vote therein. When- 
ever he shall administer the Government, or shall be unable to attend as 
President of the Senate, the Senators shall elect one of their own members 
as President of the Senate for the time being. 

Art. 46. While he acts as President of the Senate, the Lieutenant 
Governor shall receive for his services the same compensation which shall 
for the same period be allowed to the Speaker of the House of Representa- 
tives, and no more. 

Art. 47. The Governor shall have power to grant reprieves for all 
offenses against the State, and, except in cases of impeachment, shall, 
with the consent of the Senate, have power to grant pardons and remit 
fines and forfeitures, after conviction. In cases of treason he may grant 
reprieves until the end of the next session of the General Assembly, in 
which the power of pardoning shall be vested. 

Art. 48. The Governor shall, at stated times, receive for his services 



CONSTITUTION OF 1845. 75 

a compensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during 
the term for which he shall have been elected. 

Art. 49. He shall be commander in chief of the army and navy of 
this State and of the militia thereof, except when they shall be called into 
the service of the United States. 

Art. 50. He shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate, appoint all officers whose offices are established by this Con- 
stitution and whose appointment is not therein otherwise provided for; 
provided, however, that the Legislature shall have a right to prescribe the 
mode of appointment to all other offices established by law. 

Art. 51. The Governor shall have power to fill vacancies that may 
happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which 
shall expire at the end of the next session, unless otherwise provided for 
by this Constitution ; but no person who has been nominated for office and 
rejected by the Senate shall be appointed to the same office during the 
recess of the Senate. 

Art. 52. He may require information in writing from the officers of 
the Executive department upon any subject relating to the duties of their 
respective offices. 

Art. 53. He shall, from time to time, give to the General Assembly 
information respecting the situation of the State, and recommend to their 
consideration such measures as he may deem expedient. 

Art. 54. He may, on extraordinary occasions, convene the General 
Assembly at the seat of Government, or at a different place, if that should 
have become dangerous from an enemy or from epidemic ; and in case of 
disagreement between the two houses as to the time of adjournment, he 
may adjourn them to such time as he may think proper, not exceeding 
four months. 

Art. 55. He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed. 

Art. 56. Every bill which shall have passed both houses shall b^ 
presented to the Governor ; if he approve, he shall sign it ; if not, he shall 
return it, with his objections, to the house in which it originated, which 
shall enter the objections at large upon its journal, and proceed to recon- 
sider it; if, after such consideration, two-thirds of all the members 
elected to that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, with the 
objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, 
and, if approved by two-thirds of all the members elected to that house, 
it shall be a law ; but in such cases the vote of both houses shall be deter- 
mined by yeas and nays, and the names of the members voting for and 
against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. 
If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within ten days (Sun- 
days excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, it shall be a law 
in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the General Assembly, by 
adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall be a law, unless 
sent back within three days after their next meeting. 

Art. 57. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence 
of both houses may be necessary, except on a question of adjournment, 



76 CONSTITUTION OF 1845. 

shall be presented to the Governor, and before it shall take effect, b« 
approved by him; or being disapproved, shall be repassed by two-thirds 
of the members elected to each house of the General Assembly. 

Art. 58. There shall be a Secretary of State who shall hold his office 
during the time for which the Governor shall have been elected. The 
records of the State shall be kept and preserved in the office of the Sec- 
retary; he shall keep a fair register of the official acts and proceedings 
of the Governor, and when necessary shall attest them. He shall, when 
required, lay the said register, and all papers, minutes and vouchers rela- 
tive to his office, before either house of the General Assembly, and shall 
perform such other duties as may be enjoined on him by law. ■ 

Art. 59. All commissions shall be in the name and by the authority 
of the State of Louisiana, and shall be sealed with the State seal and 
signed by the Governor. 

Art. 60. The free white men of the State shall be armed and disci- 
plined for its defense; but those who belong to religious societies whose 
tenets forbid them to carry arms shall not be compelled so to do, but shall 
pay an equivalent for personal services. 

Art. 61. The militia of the State shall be organized in such manner 
as may be hereafter deemed most expedient by the Legislature. 

TITLE IV. 

JUDICIARY DEPARTMENT. 

Art. 62. The judicial power shall be vested in a supreme court, in 
district courts, and in justices of the peace. 

Art. 63. The Supreme Court, except in cases hereinafter provided, 
shall have appellate jurisdiction only; which jurisdiction shall extend to 
all cases when the matter in dispute shall exceed three hundred dollars; 
and to all cases in which the constitutionality or legality of any tax, toll 
or impost of any kind or nature soever, shall be in contestation, whatever 
may be the amount thereof; and likewise to all fines, forfeitures, and 
penalties imposed by municipal corporations, and in criminal cases on 
questions of law alone, whenever the punishment of death or hard labor 
may be inflicted, or when a fine exceeding three hundred dollars is actu- 
ally imposed. 

Art. 64. The Supreme Court shall be composed of one Chief Justice 
and of three associate justices, a majority of whom shall constitute a 
quorum. The Chief Justice shall receive a salary of six thousand dollars, 
and each of the associate justices a salary of five thousand five hundred 
dollars annually. The court shall appoint its own clerks. The judges 
shall be appointed for a term of eight years. 

Art. 65. When the first appointments are made under this Consti- 
tution, the Chief Justice shall be appointed for eight years, one of the 
associate judges for six years, one for four years and one for two years; 
and, in the event of death, resignation or removal of any of said judges 



CONSTITUTION OF 1845. 77 

before the expiration of the period for which he was appointed, his suc- 
cessor shall be appointed only for the remainder of this term, so that the 
term of service of no two of said judges shall expire at the same time. 

Art. 66. The Supreme Court shall hold its sessions in New Orleans 
from the first Monday of the month of November, to the end of the 
month of June inclusive. The Legislature shall have power to fix the 
sessions elsewhere during the rest of the year; until otherwise provided, 
the sessions shall be held as heretofore. 

Art. 67. The Supreme Court, and each of the judges thereof, shall 
have power to issue writs of habeas corpus, at the instance of all persons 
in actual custody under process in all cases in which they may have 
appellate jurisdiction. 

Art. 68. In all cases in which the judges shall be equally divided 
in opinion, the judgment appealed from shall stand affirmed; in which 
case each of the judges shall give his separate opinion in writing. 

Art. 69. All judges by virtue of their office shall be conservators of 
the peace throughout the State. The style of all process shall be "The 
State of Louisiana." All prosecutions shall be carried on in the name, 
and by the authority of the State of Louisiana, and conclude against 
the peace and dignity of the same. 

Art. 70. The judges of all courts within the State shall, as often 
as it may be possible so to do, in every definite judgment, refer to the 
particular law in virtue of which such judgment may be rendered, and 
in ail cases adduce the reasons on which their judgment is founded. 

Art. 71. No court or judge shall make any allowance by way of fee 
or compensation in any suit or proceedings except for the payment of 
such fees to ministerial officers as may be established by law. 

Art. 72. No duties or functions shall ever be attached by law to 
the Supreme or District Courts, or to the several judges thereof, but 
such as are judicial; and the said judges are prohibited from receiving 
any fees of office or other compensation than their salaries for any civil 
duties performed by them. 

Art. 73. The judges of all courts shall be liable to impeachment; 
but for any reasonable cause, which shall not be sufficient ground for 
impeachment, the Governor shall remove any of them, on the address 
of three-fourths of the members present of each house of the General 
Assembly. In every such case, the cause or causes for which such 
removal may be required shall be stated at length in the address, and 
inserted in the journal of each house. 

Art. 74. There shall be an Attorney General for the State, and as 
many district attorneys as may be hereafter found necessary. They 
shall hold their office for two years; their duties shall be determined by 
law. 

Art. 75. The first Legislature assembled under this Constitution 
shall divide the State into judicial districts, which shall remain unchanged 



78 CONSTITUTION OF 1845. 

for six years, and be subject to reorganization every sixth year there- 
after. The number of districts shall not be less than twelve, nor more 
than twenty. For each district, one judge, learned in the law, shall be 
appointed, except in the districts in which the Cities of New Orleans and 
Lafayette are situated, in which the Legislature may establish ias many 
District Courts as the public interest may require. 

Art. 76. Each of the said judges shall receive a salary to be fixed 
by law, which shall not be increased or diminished during his term of 
office, and shall never be less than two thousand five hundred dollars 
annually. He must be a citizen of the United States, over the. age of 
thirty years, and have resided in the State six years next preceding his 
appointment, and have practiced law therein for the space of five years. 

Art. 77. The judges of the Districts Courts shall hold their offices 
for the term of six years. The judges first appointed shall be divided 
by lot into three classes, as nearly equal as can be, and the term of office 
of the judges of the first class shall expire at the end of two years, of the 
second class at the end of four years, and of the third class at the end of 
six years. 

Art. 78. The District Courts shall have original jurisdiction in all 
civil cases, when the amount in dispute exceeds fifty dollars, exclusive 
of interest. In all criminal cases, and in all matters connected with 
successions, their jurisdiction shall be unlimited. 

Art. 79. The Legislature shall have power to vest in clerks of 
courts authority to grant such orders, and do such acts as may be deemed 
necessary for the furtherance of the administration of justice, and in 
all cases the powers thus granted shall be specified and determined. 

Art. 80. The clerks of the several courts shall be removable for 
breach of good behavior by the judges thereof, subject in all cases to an 
appeal to the Supreme Court. 

Art. 81. The jurisdiction of justices of the peace shall never exceed, 
in civil cases, the sum of one hundred dollars, exclusive of interest, subject 
to appeal to the District Court in such cases as shall be provided for by 
law. They shall be elected by the qualified voters of each parish, for 
the term of two years and shall have such criminal jurisdiction as shall 
be provided for by law. 

Art. 82. Clerks of the District Courts in this State shall be elected 
by the qualified electors in each parish, for the term of four years, and 
should a vacancy occur subsequent to an election, it shall be filled by the 
judge of the court in which such vacancy exists, and the person so 
appointed shall hold his office until the next general election. 

Art. 83. A sheriff and a coroner shall be elected in each parish, by 
the qualified voters thereof, who shall hold their offices for the term of 
two years, unless sooner removed. Should a vacancy occur in either of 
these offices subsequent to an election, it shall be filled by the Governor; 
and the person so appointed shall continue in office until his successor 
shall be elected and qualified. 



CONSTITUTION OP 1845. 79 

TITLE V. 

IMPEACHMENT. 

Art. 84. The power of impeachment shall be vested in the House 
of Representatives. 

Art. 85. Impeachments of the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, 
Attorney General, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and of the judges 
of the District Courts, shall be tried by the Senate ; the Chief Justice of 
the Supreme Court, or the senior judge thereof, shall preside during the 
trial of such impeachment. Impeachments of the judges of the Supreme 
Court shall be tried by the Senate. When sitting as a Court of Impeach- 
ment, the Senators shall be upon oath or affirmation, and no person shall 
be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the Senators present. 

Art. 86. Judgments in cases of impeachment shall extend only to 
removal from office and disqualification from holding any office of honor, 
trust or profit under this State, but the parties convicted shall, neverthe- 
less, be subject to indictment, trial and punishment according to law. 

Art. 87. All officers against whom articles of impeachment may be 
preferred, shall be suspended from the exercise of their functions during 
the pendency of such impeachment. The appointing power may make a 
provisional appointment to replace any suspended officer until the deci- 
sion on the impeachment. 

Art. 88. The Legislature shall provide by law for the trial, punish- 
ment and removal from office, of all other officers of the State, by indict- 
ment or otherwise. 

TITLE VI. 

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 

Aet. 89. Members of the General Assembly, and all officers, before 
they enter upon the duties of their offices shall take the following oath 
or affirmation: "I (A. B.), do solemnly swear (or affirm), that I will 
faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all duties incumbent on 

me as , according to the best of my abilities and understanding, 

agreeably to the Constitution and laws of the United States, and of this 
State; and I do, further, solemnly swear (or affirm) that, since the adop- 
tion of the present Constitution, I, being a citizen of this State, have 
not fought a duel with deadly weapons within this State, nor out of it, 
with a citizen of this State, nor have I sent or accepted a challenge to 
fight a duel with deadly weapons with a citizen of this State, nor have I 
acted as second in carrying a challenge, or aided, advised, or assisted 
any person thus offending, so help me God." 

Art. 90. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war 
against it, or in adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. 
!No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two 
witnesses to the same overt act, or his own confession in open court. 

Art. 91. Every person shall be disqualified from holding any office 



80 CONSTITUTION OF 1845. 

of trust or profit in this State, who shall have been convicted of having 
given, or offered, a bribe to procure his election or appointment. 

Art. 92. Laws shall be made to exclude from office and from the 
right of suffrage, those who shall hereafter be convicted of bribery, per- 
jury, forgery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors. The privilege of 
free suffrage shall be supported by laws regulating elections, and pro 
hibiting under adequate penalties all undue influence thereon, from power, 
bribery, tumult or other improper practice. 

Art. 93. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury but in pur- 
suance of specific appropriations made by law, nor shall any appropria- 
tion of money be made for a longer term than two years. A regular 
statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public 
moneys shall be published annually, in such manner as shall be prescribed 
by law. 

Art. 94. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to pass 
such laws as may be necessary and proper to decide differences by arbi- 
tration. 

Art. 95. All civil officers for the State at large shall reside within 
the State, and all district or parish officers within their districts or par- 
ishes, and shall keep their offices at such places therein as may be required 
by law. And no person shall be elected or appointed to any parish office 
who shall not have resided in such parish long enough before such elec- 
tion, or appointment, to have acquired the right of voting in such parish ; 
and no person shall be elected or appointed to any district office, who 
shall not have resided in such district, or an adjoining district, long 
enough before such appointment, or election, to have acquired the right 
of voting for the same. 

Art. 96. The duration of all offices not fixed by this Constitution 
shall never exceed four years. 

Art. 97. All civil officers, except the Governor and judges of the 
Supreme and District Courts, shall be removable by an address of a 
majority of the members of both houses, except those the removal of 
whom has been otherwise provided for by this Constitution. 

Art. 98. Absence on the business of this State or of the United 
States, shall not forfeit a residence once obtained, so as to deprive any 
one of the right of suffrage, or of being elected or appointed to any office 
under the exceptions contained in this Constitution. 

Art. 99. It shall be the duty of the Legislature to provide by law 
for deductions from the salaries of public officers who may be guilty of 
a neglect of duty. 

Art. 100. The Legislature shall point out the manner in which a 
person coming into the State shall declare his residence. 

Art. 101. In all elections by the people, the vote shall be by ballot, 
and in all elections by the Senate and House of Kepresentatives, jointly 
or separately, the vote shall be given viva voce. 

Art. 102. No member of Congress, nor person holding or exercising 
any office of trust or profit under the United States, or either of them, 



CONSTITUTION OF 1845. 81 

or under any foreign power, shall be eligible as a member of the General 
Assembly, or hold or exercise any office of trust or profit under the State. 

Art. 103. The laws, public records, and the judicial and legislative 
written proceedings of the State, shall be promulgated, preserved and con- 
ducted in the language in which the Constitution of the United States 
is written. 

Art. 104. The Secretary of the Senate, and Clerk of the House of 
Representatives, shall be conversant with the French and English lan- 
guages ; and members may address either house in the French or English 
language. 

Art. 105. The General Assembly shall direct by law how persons 
who are now or may hereafter become sureties for public officers may be 
discharged from such suretyship. 

Art. 106. No power of suspending the laws of the State shall be 
exercised, unless by the Legislature or its authority. 

Art. 107. Prosecutions shall be by indictment, or information. 
The accused shall have a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the 
vicinage; he shall not be compelled to give evidence against himself; he 
shall have the right of being heard by himself or counsel; he shall have 
the right, unless he shall have fied from justice, of meeting the witnesses 
face to face, and shall have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses 
in his favor. 

Art. 108. All prisoners shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless 
for capital offenses, where the proof is evident or presumption great ; and 
the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless 
when, in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. 

Art. 109. No ex post facto law, nor any law impairing the obliga- 
tion of contracts, shall be passed; nor vested rights be divested, unless 
for purposes of public utility, and for adequate compensation previously 
made. 

Art. 110. The press shall be free. Every citizen may freely speak, 
write or publish his sentiments on all subjects; being responsible for an 
abuse of this liberty. 

Art. 111. Emigration from the State shall not be prohibited. 

Art. 112. The General Assembly, which shall meet after the first 
election of Representatives under this Constitution, shall, within the first 
month after the commencement of the session, designate and fix the seat 
of Government, at some place not less than sixty miles from the City of 
New Orleans, by the nearest traveling route; and if on the Mississippi, 
by the meanders of the same; and when so fixed, it shall not be removed 
without the consent of four-fifths of the members of both houses of the 
General Assembly. The sessions shall be held in New Orleans until the 
end of the year 1848. 

Art. 113. The Legislature shall not pledge the faith of the State 
for the payment of any bonds, bills, or other contracts or obligations, for 
the benefit or use of any person or persons, corporations or body politic 
whatever. But the State shall have the right to issue new bonds in pay- 



82 CONSTITUTION OF 1845. 

ment of its outstanding obligations or liabilities, whether due or not; the 
said new bonds, however, are not to be issued for a larger amount, or 
at a higher rate of interest, than the original obligations they are intended 
to replace. 

Art. 114. The aggregate amount of debts hereafter contracted by 
the Legislature shall never exceed the sum of one hundred thousand dol- 
lars, except in case of war, to repel invasions or suppress insurrections, 
unless the same be authorized by some law, for some single object or 
work, to be distinctly specified therein; which law shall provide ways and 
means, by taxation, for the payment of running interest during the whole 
time for which said debt shall be contracted, and for the full and punct- 
ual discharge at maturity of the capital borrowed; and said law shall be 
irrepealable until principal and interest are fully paid and discharged, 
and shall not be put into execution until after its enactment by the first 
Legislature returned by a general election after its passage. 

Art. 115. The Legislature shall provide by law for a change of 
venue in civil and criminal cases. 

Art. 116. No lottery shall be authorized by this State, and the buy- 
ing and selling of lottery tickets within the State is prohibited. 

Art. 117. No divorce shall be granted by the Legislature. 

Art. 118. Every law enacted by the Legislature shall embrace but 
one object, and that shall be expressed in the title. 

Art. 119. No law shall be revised or amended by reference to its 
title ; but in such case, the act revised, or section amended, shall be re-en- 
acted and published at length. 

Art. 120. The Legislature shall never adopt any system or code of 
laws by general reference to such system or code of laws, but in all cases 
shall specify the several provisions of the laws it may enact. 

Art. 121. The State shall not become subscriber to the stock of 
any corporation or joint stock company. 

Art. 122. No corporate body shall be hereafter created, renewed 
or extended, with banking or discounting privileges. 

Art. 123. Corporations shall not be created in this State by special 
laws, except for political or municipal purposes ; but the Legislature shall 
provide, by general laws, for the organization of all other corporations, 
except corporations with banking or discounting privileges, the creation 
of which is prohibited. 

Art. 124. From and after the month of January, 1890, the Legis- 
lature shall have the power to revoke the charters of all corporations 
■uhose charters shall not have expired previous to that time, and no cor- 
porations hereafter to be created shall ever endure for a longer term than 
twenty-five years, except those which are political or municipal. 

Art. 125. The General Assembly shall never grant any exclusive 
privilege or monopoly, for a longer period than twenty years. 

Art. 126. No person shall hold or exercise, at the same time, more 
than one civil office of emolument, except that of justice of the peace. 

Art. 127. Taxation shall be equal and uniform throughout the 



CONSTITUTION OF 1845. S3 

State. After the year 1848 all property, on which taxes may be levied, 
in this State, shall be taxed in proportion to its value, to be ascertained 
as directed by law. No one species of property shall be taxed higher than 
another species of property of equal value, on which taxes shall be levied ; 
the Legislature shall have the power to levy an income tax, and to tax 
all persons pursuing any occupation, trade or profession. 

Art. 128. The citizens of the City of New Orleans shall have the 
right of appointing the several public officers necessary for the administra- 
tion of the police of the said city, pursuant to the mode of elections which 
shall be prescribed by the Legislature; Provided, That the mayor and 
recorders shall be ineligible to a seat in the General Assembly; and the 
mayor, recorders and aldermen shall be commissioned by the Governor 
as justices of the peace, and the Legislature may vest in them such crim- 
inal jurisdiction as may be necessary for the punishment of minor crimes 
and offenses, and as the police and good order of said city may require. 

Art. 129. The Legislature may provide by law in what cases officers 
shall continue to perform the duties of their offices until their successors 
shali have been inducted into office. 

Art. 130. Any citizen of this State who shall, after the adoption of 
this Constitution, "fight a duel with deadly weapons, with a citizen of this 
State, or send or accept a challenge to fight a duel with deadly weapons, 
either within the State or out of it, with a citizen of this State, or who 
shall act as second, or knowingly aid or assist in any manner those thus 
offending, shall be deprived of holding any office of trust of profit, and 
of enjoying the right of suffrage under this Constitution. 

Art. 131. The Legislature shall have the power to extend this Con- 
stitution and the jurisdiction of this State over any territory acquired 
by compact with any State, or with the United States, the same being done 
by the consent of the United States. 

Art. 132. The Constitution and laws of this State shall be pro- 
mulgated in the French and English languages. 

TITLE Vn. 

PUBLIC EDUCATION. 

Art. 133. There shall be appointed a Superintendent of Public 
Education, who shall hold his office for two years. His duties shall be 
prescribed by law. He shall receive such compensation as the Legislature 
may direct. 

Art. 134. The Legislature shall establish free public schools through- 
out the State, and shall provide means for their support by taxation on 
property or otherwise. 

Art. 135. The proceeds of all lands heretofore granted by the 
United States to this State for the use or support of schools, and of all 
lands which may hereafter be granted or bequeathed to the State, and 
not expressly granted or bequeathed for any other purpose, which here- 
after may be disposed of by the State, and the proceeds of the estates of 



84 CONSTITUTION OF 1845. 

deceased persons to which the State may become entitled by law, shall be 
held by the State as a loan, and shall be and remain a perpetual fund, 
on which the State shall pay an annual interest of six per cent., with 
interest, together with all the rents of the unsold lands, shall be appro- 
priated to the support of such schools, and this appropriation shall remain 
inviolable. 

Art. 136. All moneys arising from the sales which have been or 
may hereafter be made of any lands heretofore granted by the United 
States to this State, for the use of a seminary of learning, and from any 
kind of donation that may hereafter be made for that purpose, shall be 
and remain a perpetual fund, the interest of which, at six per cent, per 
annum, shall be appropriated to the support of a seminary of learning 
for the promotion of literature, and the arts and sciences, and no law 
shall ever be made diverting said fund to any other use than to the estab- 
lishment and improvement of said seminary of learning. 

Art. 137. A university shall be established in the City of Nev^ 
Orleans. It shall be composed of four faculties, to-wit: one of law, one 
of medicine, one of the natural sciences, and one of letters. 

Art. 138. It shall be called the "University of Louisiana," and the 
Medical College of Louisiana, as at present organized, shall constitute 
the faculty of medicine. 

Art. 139. The Legislature shall provide by law for its further 
organization and government; but shall be under no obligation to con- 
tribute to the establishment or support of said university by appropri- 
ations. 

TITLE Vm. 

MODE OF REVISING THE CONSTITUTION. 

Art. 140. Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution 
may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives, and if the 
same shall be agreed to by three-fifths of the members elected to each 
house, and approved by the Governor, such proposed amendment or 
amendments shall be entered on their journals, with the yeas and nays 
taken thereon, and the Secretary of the State shall cause the same to 
be published, three months before the next general election, in at least 
one newspaper, in French and English, in every parish in the State in 
which a newspaper shall be published; and if, in the Legislature nex\ 
afterwards chosen, such proposed amendment or amendments shall be 
agreed to by a majority of the members elected to each house, the Secre- 
tary of State shall cause the same again to be published in the manner 
aforesaid, at least three months previous to the next general election for 
Representatives to the State Legislature, and such proposed amendment 
or amendments shall be submitted to the people at said election; and if 
a majority of the qualified electors shall approve and ratify such amend- 
ment or amendments, the same shall become a part of the Constitution. 
If more than one amendment be submitted at a time, they shall be sub- 



CONSTITUTION OF 1845. 



85 



mitted in such a manner and form that the people may vote for or 
against each amendment separately. 

TITLE IX. 

SCHEDULE. 

Art. 14.1. The Constitution adopted in 1812, is declared to be super- 
seded by this Constitution, and in order to carry the same into effect it 
is hereby declared and ordained as follows: 

Art. 142. All rights, actions, prosecutions, claims and contracts as 
well of individuals as of bodies corporate, and all laws in force at the 
time of the adoption of this Constitution, and not inconsistent therewith, 
shall continue as if the same had not been adopted. 

Art. 143. Until the first enumeration shall be made as directed in 
article eighth of this Constitution, the Parish of Orleans shall have 
twenty Representatives, to be elected as follows, viz: 

Eight by the Eirst Municipality, seven by the Second Municipality, 
and four by the Third Municipality, to be distributed among the nine 
Representative Districts as follows, allotting to the 

First District 2 The parish of Livingston 1 

Second District 3 The parish of St. Tammany 1 

Third District 3 The parish of Pointe Coupee. ... 1 

Fourth District 3 The parish of Concordia 1 

Fifth District 3 The parish of Tensas. 1 



Sixth District 2 

Seventh District 2 

Eighth District 1 

Ninth District 1 

And to that part of the parish on 
the right bank of the Missis- 
sippi 1 

The parish of Plaquemines .... 3 

The parish of St. Bernard 1 

The parish of Jefferson 3 

The parish of St. Charles 1 

The parish of St. John the Baptist 1 

The parish of St. James 2 

The parish of Ascension 2 



The parish of Madison 1 

The parish of Carroll 1 

The parish of Franklin 1 

The parish of St. Mary 2 

The parish of St. Martin 3 

The parish of Vermilion 1 

The parish of Lafayette 2 

The parish of St. Landry 5 

The parish of Calcasieu 1 

The parish of Avoyelles 2 

The parish of Rapides 3 

The parish of Natchitoches 3 

The parish of Sabine. 2 

The parish of Caddo I 



The parish of Assumption 3 The parish of DeSoto 1 



The parish of Lafourche Interior 3 

The parish of Terrebonne 2 

The parish of Iberville 2 

-The parish of West Baton Rouge J 
The parish of East Baton Rouge. 3 
The parish of West Feliciana. . . 2 
The parish of East Feliciana .... 3 

The parish of St. Helena 1 

The parish of Washington 1 

Total 



The parish of Ouachita 1 

The parish of Morehouse 1 

The parish of Union 1 

The parish of Jackson 1 

The parish of Caldwell 1 

The parish of Catahoula 2 

The parish of Claiborne 2 

The parish of Bossier 1 



98 



86 CONSTITUTION OF 1845. 

And the State shall be divided into the following Senatorial Dis- 
tricts : 

All that portion of the Parish of Orleans lying on the east side of the 
Mississippi river, shall compose one Senatorial District, and shall elect 
four Senators. 

The Parishes of Plaquemines, St, Bernard, and that portion of the 
Parish of Orleans on the right bank of the river, shall compose one dis- 
trict, with one Senator. 

The Parish of Jefferson shall compose one district, with one Sen- 
ator. 

The Parishes of St. Charles and St. John the Baptist shall compose 
one district, with one Senator. 

The Parish of St. James shall compose one district, with one Sen- 
ator. 

The Parish of Ascension shall compose one district, with one Sen- 
ator. 

The Parishes of Assumption, Lafourche Interior and Terrebonne 
shall compose one district, with two Senators. 

The Parishes of Iberville and West Baton Rouge shall compose one 
district, with one Senator. 

The Parish of East Baton Rouge shall compose one district, with 
one Senator. 

The Parish of Pointe Coupee shall compose one district, with one 
Senator. 

The Parish of Avoyelles shall compose one district, with one Sen- 
ator. 

The Parish of St. Mary shall compose one district, with one Sen- 
ator. 

The Parish of St. Martin shall compose one district, with one Sen- 
ator. 

The Parishes of Lafayette and Vermilion shall compose one district, 
with one Senator. 

The Parishes of St. Landry and Calcasieu shall compose one district, 
with two Senators. 

The Parish of West Feliciana shall compose one district, with one 
Senator. 

The Parish of East Feliciana shall compose one district, with one 
Senator. 

The Parishes of St. Helena and Livingston shall compose one dis- 
trict, with one Senator. 

The Parishes of Washington and St. Tammany shall compose one 
district, with one Senator. 

The Parishes of Concordia and Tensas shall compose one district, 
with one Senator. 

The Parishes of Carroll and Madison shall compose one district, with 
one Senator. 

The Parishes of Jackson, Union, Morehouse and Ouachita shall 
compose one district, with one Senator. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1845. 87 

The Parishes of Caldwell, Franklin and Catahoula shall compose 
one district, with one Senator. 

The Parish of Rapides shall compose one district, with one Senator. 

The Parishes of Bossier and Claiborne shall compose one district, 
with one Senator. 

The Parish of Natchitoches shall compose one district, with one 
Senator. 

The Parishes of Sabine, DeSoto and Caddo shall compose one district, 
with one Senator. 

Art. 144. In order that no inconvenience may result to the public 
service from the taking effect of this Constitution, no office shall be 
superseded thereby, but the laws of the State relative to the duties of the 
several officers, executive, judicial and military, shall remain in full force, 
though the same be contrary to this Constitution, and the several duties 
shall be performed by the respective officers of the State, according to 
the existing laws, until the organization of the Government, under thi.3 
Constitution, and the entering into office of the new officers, to be 
appointed under said Government, and no longer. 

Art. 145. Appointments to office by the executive under this Con- 
stitution shall be made by the Governor to be elected under its authority. 

Art. 146. The provisions of article twenty-eight, concerning the 
inability of members of the Legislature to hold certain offices therein 
mentioned, shall not be held to apply to the members of the first Legisla- 
ture elected under this Constitution. 

Art. 147. The time of service of all officers chosen by the people, 
at the first election under this Constitution, shall terminate as though 
the election had been holden on the first Monday of November, 1845, and 
they had entered on the discharge of their duties at the time designated 
therein. 

Art. 148. The Legislature shall provide for the removal of all 
causes now pending in the Supreme or other courts of the State under the 
Constitution of 1812, to courts created by this Constitution. 

Art. 149. Appeals to the Supreme Court from the Parishes of 
Jackson, Union, Morehouse, Catahoula, Caldwell, Ouachita, Franklin, 
Carroll, Madison, Tensas and Concordia, shall, until otherwise provided 
for, be returnable to New Orleans. 

TITLE X. 

ORDINANCE. 

Art. 150. Immediately after the adjournment of the Convention, 
the Governor shall issue his proclamation, directing the several officers 
of this State authorized by law to hold elections for members of the Gen- 
eral Assembly, to open and hold a poll in every parish of the State, at 
the places designated by law, upon the First Monday of November next, 
for the purpose of taking the sense of the good people of this State in 
regard to the adoption or rejection of this Constitution; and it shall be 
the duty of said officers to receive the votes of all persons entitled to vote 



c8 CONSTITUTION OF 1845. 

under the old Constitution and under this Constitution. Each voter 
shall express his opinion by depositing in the ballot box a ticket whereon 
shall be written "The Constitution accepted," or "The Constitution 
rejected/' or some such words as will distinctly convey the intention of 
the voter. At the conclusion of the said elecion, which shall be con- 
ducted in every respect as the general State election is now conducted, 
the parish judges and commissioners designated to preside over the same 
shall carefully examine and count each ballot so deposited, and shall 
forthwith make due returns thereof to the Secretary of State, in con- 
formity to the provisions of the existing law upon the subject of elec- 
tions. 

Art. 151. Upon the receipt of the said returns, or on the first Mon- 
day of December, if the returns be not sooner received, it shall be the 
duty of the Governor, the Secretary of State, the Attorney General and 
State Treasurer, in the presence of all such persons as may choose to 
attend, to compare the votes given at the said poll for the ratification and 
rejection of this Constitution; and if it shall appear from said returns 
that a majority of all the votes given are for ratifying this Constitution, 
then it shall be the duty of the Governor to make proclamation of that 
fact, and thenceforth this Constitution shall be ordained and established 
as the Constitution of the State of Louisiana. But whether this Con- 
stitution be accepted or rejected, it shall be the duty of the Governor to 
cause to be published in the State paper the result of the polls, showing 
the number of votes cast in each parish for and against the said Consti- 
tution. 

Art. 152. Should this Constitution be accepted by the people, it 
shall also be the duty of the Governor forthwith to issue his proclama- 
tion, declaring the present Legislature, elected under the old Constitu- 
tion, to be dissolved, and directing the several officers of the State author- 
ized by law to hold elections for members of the General Assembly, to 
hold an election, at the places designated by law, upon the third Monday 
in January next (1846), for Governor, Lieutenant Governor, members 
of the General Assembly, and all other officers whose election is provided 
for pursuant to the provisions of this Constitution. And the said elec- 
tion shall be conducted, and the returns thereof made, in conformity with 
existing laws upon the subject of State elections. 

Art. 153. The General Assembly elected under this Constitution 
shall convene at the State House, in the City of New Orleans, upon the 
second Monday of February next (1846), after the elections; and the 
Governor and Lieutenant Governor elected at the same time, shall be duly 
installed in office during the first week of their session, and before it shall 
be competent for the said General Assembly to proceed with the trans- 
action of businesss. 

Adopted May 14, 1845. JOSEPH WALKEE, 

President of the Convention. 
Attest: HOKATIO DAVIS, 

* Secretary of the Convention. 



Constitution of 1852 

Adopaed at Baton Rouge, July 31, 1852. 



PEEAMBLE. 



We, the People of the State of Louisiana, do ordain and establish this 
Constitution. 

TITLE I. 

DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS. 

Art. 1. The powers of the Government of the State of Louisiana 
shall be divided into three distinct departments, and each of them be 
confided to a separate body of magistracy, to-wit: those which are legis- 
lative to one; those which are executive to another, and those which are 
judicial to another. 

Art. 2. No one of these departments, nor any person holding office 
in one of them, shall exercise power properly belonging to either of the 
others, except in the instances hereinafter expressly directed or permitted. 

TITLE II. 

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 

Art. 3. The legislative power of the State will be vested in two 
distinct branches, the one to be styled the "House of Representatives," 
the other "The Senate," and both, the "General Assembly of the State of 
Louisiana." 

Art. 4. The members of the House of Representatives shall con- 
tinue in service for the term of two years from the day of the closing of 
the general elections. 

Art. 5. Representatives shall be chosen on the first Monday in 
November, every two years; and the election shall be completed in one 
day. The General Assembly shall meet annually, on the third Monday 
in January, unless a different day be appointed by law, and their sessions 
shall be held at the seat of Government. 

Art. 6. Every duly qualified elector under this Constitution shall 
be eligible to a seat in the General Assembly; Provided, That no person 
shall be a Representative or Senator, unless he be at the time of his elec- 
tion a duly qualified voter of the Representative or Senatorial District 
from whch he is elected. 

Art. 7. Elections for members of the General Assembly shall be 
held at the several election precincts established by law. The Legislature 
may delegate the power of establishing election precincts to the parochial 
or municipal authorities. 



90 CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 

Art. 8. Representation in the House of Representatives shall be 
equal and uniform, and shall be regulated and ascertained by the local 
population of each of the several parishes of the State. Each parish shall 
have at least one Representative. No new parish shall be created with a 
territory less than six hundred and twenty-five square miles, nor with a. 
population less than the full number entitling it to a Representative, nor 
when the creation of such new parish would leave any other parish with- 
out the said extent of territory and amount of population. 

The first enumeration by the State authorities under this Constitu- 
tion shall be made in the year 1853, the second in the year 1858, the third 
in the year 1865 ; after which time the General Assembly shall direct in 
what manner the census shall be taken, so that it be made at least once 
in every period of ten years, for the purpose of ascertaining the total 
population in each parish and election district. 

At the first regular session of the Legislature after the making of each 
enumeration, the Legislature shall apportion the representation among 
the several parishes and election districts on the basis of the total popu- 
lation as aforesaid. A representative number shall be fixed, and 
each parish and election district shall have as many Representatives as 
its aggregate population shall entitle it to, and an additonal Representa- 
tive for any fraction exceeding one-half the representative number. The 
number of representatives shall not be more than one hundred nor less 
than seventy. 

Until an apportionment shall be made, and elections held under the 
same, in accordance with the first enumeration to be made as directed in 
this article, the representation in the Senate and House of Representa- 
tives shall be and remain as at present established by law. 

The limits of the Parish of Orleans are hereby extended, so as to 
embrace the whole of the present City of New Orleans, including that part 
of the Parish of Jefferson, formerly known as the City of Lafayette. 

All that part of the Parish of Orleans which is situated on the left 
bank of the Mississippi river, shall be divided by the Legislature into not 
more than ten Representative Districts, and until a new apportionment 
shall be made according to the first census to be taken under this Con- 
stitution, that part of the City of New Orleans which was comprised 
within the former limits of the City of Lafayette, shall vote for Senators 
from the Parish of Orleans, and from the Tenth Representative District, 
and shall elect two out of the three Representatives now apportioned by 
law to the Parish of Jefferson; the other Representative Districts shall 
remain as they are now established. 

Art. 9. The House of Representatives shall choose its Speaker and 
other officers. 

Art. 10. Every free white male who has attained the age of twenty- 
one years, and who has been a resident of the State twelve months next 
preceding the election, and the last six months thereof in the parish in 
which he offers to vote, and who shall be a citizen of the United States, 
shall have the right of voting, but no voter, on removing from one parish 



CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 91 

to another, within the State, shall lose the right of voting in the former 
until he shall have acquired it in the latter. Electors shall in all cases, 
except treason, felony or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest, 
during their attendance at, going to, or returning from elections. 

Art. 11. The Legislature shall provide by law, that the names and 
residence of all qualified electors of the City of New Orleans shall be 
registered, in order to entitle them to vote; but the registry shall be free 
of cost to the elector. 

Art. 12. No soldier, seaman or marine in the army or navy of the 
United States, no pauper, no person under interdiction, nor under con- 
viction of any crime punishable with hard labor, shall be entitled to vote 
at any election in this State. 

Art. 13. No person shall be entitled to vote at an election held in 
this State, except in the parish of his residence, and in cities and. towns 
divided into election precincts, in the election precinct in which he 
resides. 

Art. 14. The members of the Senate shall be chosen for the term 
of four years. The Senate when assembled, shall have the power to 
choose its officers. 

Art. 15. The Legislature, in every year in which they shall appor- 
tion representation in the House of Representatives, shall divide the 
State into Senatorial Districts. No parish shall be divided in the forma- 
tion of a Senatorial District — the Parish of Orleans excepted. And 
whenever a new parish shall be created, it shall be attached to the Sena- 
torial District from which most of its territory was taken, or to another 
continuous district, at the discretion of the Legislature; but shall not be 
attached to more than one district. The number of Senators shall be 
thirty-two, and they shall be apportioned among the Senatorial Districts 
according to the total population contained in the several districts; Pro- 
vided, that no parish shall be entitled to more than five Senators. 

Art. 16. In all apportionments of the Senate, the population of 
the City of New Orleans shall be deducted from the population of the 
whole State, and. the remainder of the population divided by the number 
twenty-seven, and the result produced by this division shall be the Sena- 
atorial ratio entitling a Senatorial District to a Senator. Single or 
contiguous parishes shall be formed into districts, having a population 
the nearest possible to the number entitling a district to a Senator; and 
if, in the apportionment to be made, a parish or district fall short of or 
exceed the ratio one-fifth, then a district may be formed having not more 
than two Senators, but not otherwise. No new apportionment shall have 
the effect of abridging the term of service of any Senator already elected 
at the time of making the apportionment. After an enumeration has been 
made as directed in the eighth article, the Legislature shall not pass any 
law until an apportionment of representation in both houses of the Gen- 
eral Assembly be made. 

Art. 17. At the first session of the General Assembly after this 
Constitution takes effect, the Senators shall be equally divided by lot, 



92 CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 

into two classes; the seats of the Senators of the first class shall be 
vacated at the expiration of the second year; of the second class, at the 
expiration of the fourth year, so that one-half shall be chosen every two 
years, and a rotation thereby kept up perpetually. In case any district 
shall have elected two or more Senators, said Senators shall vacate their 
seats respectively at the end of two and four years, and lots shall be 
drawn between them. 

Art. 18. The first election for Senators shall be general through- 
out the State, and at the same time that the general election for Repre- 
sentatives is held; and thereafter there shall be biennial elections to fill 
the places of those whose time of service may have expired. 

Art. 19. Not less than a majority of the members of each house 
of the General Assembly shall form a quorum to do business; but a 
smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and shall be authorized 
by law to compel the attendance of absent members. 

Art. 20. Each house of the General Assembly shall judge of the 
qualifications, election and returns of its members; but a contested elec- 
tion shall be determined in such manner as shall be directed by law. 

Art. 21. Each house of the General Assembly may determine the 
rules of its proceedings, punish a member for disorderly behavior, and 
with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member, but not a second 
time for the same offense. 

Art. 22. Each house of the General Assembly shall keep and pub- 
lish, weekly, a journal of its proceedings, and the yeas and nays of the 
members, on any question, shall, at the desire of any two of them, be 
entered on the journal. 

Art. 23. Each house may punish by imprisonment, any person not a 
member, for disrespectful and disorderly behavior in its presence, or for 
obstructing any of its proceedings. Such imprisonment shall not exceed 
ten days for any one offense. 

Art. 24. Neither house, during the sessions of the General Assem- 
bly, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three 
days, nor to any other place than that in which they may be sitting. 

Art. 25. The members of the General Assembly shall receive from 
the public treasury a compensation for their services, which shall be four 
dollars, per day, during their attendance, going to and returning from the 
session of their respective houses. The compensation may be increased 
or diminished by law ; but no alteration shall take effect during the period 
of service of the members of the House of Representatives, by whom 
such alteration shall have been made. No session shall extend to a period 
beyond sixty days, to date from its commencement, and any legislative 
action had after the expiration of the said sixty days, shall be null and 
void. This provison shall not apply to the first Legislature which is to 
convene after the adoption of this Constitution. 

Art. 26. The members of the General Assembly shall, in all cases, 
except treason, felony, breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest, dur- 
ing their attendance at the sessions of *their respective houses, and going 



CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 93 

to or returning from the same, and for any speech or debate in either 
house, they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

Art. 27. Xo Senator or Representative shall, during the term for 
which he was elected, nor for one year thereafter, be appointed or elected 
to any civil office of profit under this State, which shall have been created, 
or the emoluments of which shall have been increased during the time 
such Senator or Representative was in office, except to such offices or 
appointments as may be filled by the elections of the people. 

Art. 28. Ko person who, at any time, may have been a collector of 
taxes, whether State, parish or municipal, or who may have been other- 
wise intrusted with public money, shall be eligible to the General Assem- 
bly, or to any office of profit or trust under the State Government, until 
he shall have obtained a discharge for the amount of such collections, 
and for all public moneys with which he may have been intrusted. 

Art. 29. Xo bill shall have the force of a law until, on three several 
days, it be read over in each house of the General Assembly, and free 
discusson allowed thereon; unless in case of urgency, four-fifths of the 
house where the bill shall be pending, may deem it expedient to dispense 
with this rule. 

Art. 30. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House 
of Representatives, but the Senate may propose amendments, as in other 
bills; Provided, they shall not introduce any new matter, under the 
color of an amendment, which doe? not relate tr raising revenue. 

Art. 31. The General Assembly shall regulate, by law, by whom 
and in what manner writs of election shall be issued to fill the vacancies 
which may happen in either branch thereof. 

Art. 32. The Senate shall vote on the confirmation or rejection of 
officers, to be appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent 
of the Senate, by yeas and nays, and the names of the Senators voting 
for and against the appointments respectively, shall be entered on a jour- 
nal to be kept for that purpose, and made public at the end of each ses- 
sion, or before. 

Art. 33. Returns of all electons for members of the General Assem- 
bly shall be made to the Secretary of State. 

Art. 34. In the year in which a regular election for a Senator of 
the United States is to take place, the members of the General Assembly 
shall meet in the Hall of the House of Representatives, on the Monday 
following the meeting of the Legislature, and proceed to the said elec- 
tion. 

TITLE ni. 

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 

Art. 35. The supreme executive power of the State shall be vested 
in a chief magistrate, who shall be styled the Governor of the State of 
Louisiana. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and 
together with the Lieutenant Governor, chosen for the same term, be 



94 CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 

elected as follows: The qualified electors for Representatives shall vote 
for a Governor and Lieutenant Governor, at the time and place of voting 
for Representatives; the returns of every election shall be sealed up and 
transmitted by the proper returning officer, to the Secretary of State, 
who shall deliver them to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, 
on the second day of the session of the General Assembly, then next to 
be holden. The members of the General Assembly shall meet in the 
House of Representatives to examine and count the votes. The person 
having the greatest number of votes for Governor shall be declared duly 
elected, but if two or more persons shall be equal and highest in the 
number of votes polled for Governor, one of them shall immediately be 
chosen Governor by joint vote of the members of the General Assembly. 
The person having the greatest number of votes polled for Lieutenant 
Governor, shall be Lieutenant Governor; but if two or more persons 
shall be equal and highest in the number of votes polled for Lieutenant 
Governor, one of them shall be immediately chosen Liuetenant Governor 
by joint vote of the members of the General Assembly. 

Art. 36. ISTo person shall be eligible to the office of Governor or 
Lieutenant Governor who shall not have attained the age of twenty-eight 
years, and been a citizen and a resident within the State for the space 
of four years next preceding his election. 

Art. 37. The Governor shall enter on the discharge of his duties 
on the fourth Monday of January next ensuing his election, and shall 
continue in office until the Monday next succeeding the day that his 
successor shall be declared duly elected, and shall have taken the oath or 
affirmation required by the Constitution. 

Art. 38. The Governor shall be ineligible for the succeeding four 
years after the expiration of the time for which he shall have been 
elected. 

Art. 39. No member of Congress or person holding any office under 
the United States, shall be eligible to the office of Governor or Lieuten- 
ant Governor. 

Art. 40. In case of the impeachment of the Governor, his removal 
from office, death, refusal or inability to qualify, resignation or absence 
from' the State, the powers and duties of the office shall devolve upon the 
Lieutenant Governor for the residue of the term, or until the Governor, 
absent or impeached, shall return or be acquitted. The Legislature may 
provide by law for the case of removal, impeachment, death, resignation, 
disability or refusal to qualify, of both the Governor and Lieutenant 
Governor, declaring what officer shall act as Governor, and such officer 
shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or for the residue of 
the term. 

Art. 41. The Lieutenant Governor or officer discharging the duties 
of Governor, shall, during his administration, receive the same compen- 
sation to which the Governor would have been entitled had he continued 
in office. 

Art. 42. The Lieutenant Governor shall, by virtue of his office, be 



CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 95 

President of the Senate, but shall have only a casting vote therein. When- 
ever he shall administer the Government, or shall be unable to attend as 
President of the Senate, the Senators shall elect one of their own members 
as President of the Senate for the time being. 

Art. 43. While he acts as President of the Senate, the Lieutenant 
Governor shall receive for his services the same compensation which shall 
for the same period be allowed to the Speaker of the House of Represent- 
atives, and no more. 

Art. 44. The Governor shall have power to grant reprieves for all 
offenses against the State,. and except in cases of impeachment shall, with 
the consent of the Senate, have power to grant pardons and remit fines 
and forfeitures, after conviction. In cases of treason, he may grant 
reprieves until the end of the next session of the General Assembly, in 
which the power of pardoning shall be vested. 

Art. 45. The Governor shall, at stated times, receive for his services 
a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during 
the term for which he shall have been elected. 

Art. 46. He shall be commander in chief of the army and navy of 
this State, and of the militia thereof, except when they shall be called 
into the service of the United States. 

Art. 47. He shall nominate and, by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate, appoint all officers whose offices are established by this 
Constitution, and whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided 
for; Provided, however, that the Legislature shall have a right to pre- 
scribe the mode of appointment to all other offices established by law. 

Art. 48. The Governor shall have power to fill vacancies that may 
happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which 
shall expire at the end of the next session, unless otherwise provided for 
in this Constitution; but no person who has been nominated for office, 
and rejected by the Senate, shall be appointed to the same office during the 
recess of the Senate. 

Art. 49. He may require information, in writing, from the officers 
in the executive department, upon any subject relating to the duties of 
their respective offices. 

Art. 50. He shall, from time to time, give to the General Assembly 
information respecting the situation of the State, and recommend to their 
consideration such measures as he may deem expedient. 

Art. 51. He may, on extraordinary occasions, convene the General 
Assembly at the seat of Government, or at a different place, if that should 
have become dangerous from an enemy or from epidemic ; and in case of 
disagreement between the two houses as to the time of adjournment, he 
may adjourn them to such time as he may think proper, not exceeding 
four months. 

Art. 52. He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed. 

Art. 53. Every bill which shall have passed both houses shall be pre- 
sented to the Governor; if he approve, he shall sign it; if not, he shall 
return it, with his objections, to the house in which it originated, which 



96 CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 

shall enter the objections at large upon its journal, and proceed to recon- 
sider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of all the members 
elected to -that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, with the 
objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, 
and if approved by two-thirds of all the members elected to that house, it 
shall be a law; but in such cases the vote of both houses shall be deter- 
mined by yeas and nays, and the names of the members voting for or 
against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. 
If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within ten days (Sun- 
days excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, it shall be a law 
in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the General Assembly, by 
adjournment, prevent its return; in which case it shall be a law, unless 
sent back within three days after their next session. 

Art. 54. Every order, resolution or vote to which the concurrence of 
both houses may be necessary except on a question of adjournment, shall 
be presented to the Governor, and before it shall take effect, be approved 
by him, or, being disapproved, shall be' repassed by two-thirds of the mem- 
bers elected to each house of the General Assembly. 

Art. 55. There shall be a Secretary of State who shall hold his office 
during the time for which the Governor shall have been elected. The 
records of the State shall be kept and preserved in the office of the Secre- 
tary; he shall keep a fair register of the official acts and proceedings of 
the Governor, and when necessary, shall attest them. He shall, when 
required, lay the said register, and all papers, minutes and vouchers rela- 
tive to his office, before either house of the General Assembly, and shall 
perform such other duties as may be enjoined on him by law. 

Art. 56. There shall be a Treasurer of the State, who shall hold his 
office during the term of two years. 

Art. 57. The Secretary of State and Treasurer of State, shall be 
elected by the qualified electors of the State. And in case of any vacancies 
caused by the death, resignation or absence of the Treasurer or Secretary 
of State, the Governor shall order an election, to fill said vacancy. 

Art. 58. All commissions shall be in the name and by the authority 
of the State of Louisiana, and shall be sealed with the State seal and 
signed by the Governor. 

Art. 59. The free white men of the State shall be armed and dis- 
ciplined for its defense ; but those who belong to religious societies, whose 
tenets forbid them to carry arms, shall not be compelled so to do, but shall 
pay an equivalent for personal services. 

Art. 60. The militia of the State shall be organized in such manner 
as may be hereafter deemed most expedient by the Legislature. 

TITLE IV. 

JUDICIARY DEPARTMENT. 

Art. 61. The judiciary power shall be vested in a Supreme Court, 
in such inferior courts as the Legislature may from time to time order 
and establish, and in justices of the peace. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 97 

Art. 62. The Supreme Court, except in the cases hereinafter pro- 
vided, shall have appellate jurisdiction only; which jurisdiction shall 
extend to all cases when the matter in dispute shall exceed three hundred 
dollars; to all cases in which the constitutionality or legality of any tax, 
toll or impost whatsoever or of any fine, forfeiture or penalty imposed by a 
municipal corporation, shall be in contestation; and to all criminal cases 
on questions of law alone, whenever the offense charged is punishable with 
death or imprisonment at hard labor, or when a fine exceeding three 
hundred dollars is actually imposed. The Legislature shall have power 
to restrict the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in civil cases to questions 
of law only. 

Art. 63. The Supreme Court shall be composed of one Chief Justice 
and four associate justices, a majority of whom shall constitute a quorum. 
The Chief Justice shall receive a salary of six thousand dollars, and each 
of the associate judges a salary of five thousand five hundred dollars 
annually until otherwise provided by law. The court shall appoint its 
own clerks; the judges shall be elected for the term of ten years. 

Art. 64. The Chief Justice shall be elected by the qualified electors 
of the State. The Legislature shall divide the State into four districts, 
and the qualified electors of each district shall elect one of the associate 
justices. The State shall be divided into the following districts until 
the Legislature shall otherwise direct: 

, FIRST DISTRICT. 

The parishes of Plaquemines, St. Bernard, that portion of the Parish 
of Orleans on the right bank of the Mississippi river, and that portion 
of the City of New Orleans which lies below the line extending from 
the river Mississippi, along the middle of Julia street, until it strikes 
the New Orleans Canal, and thence down said canal to the lake. 

SECOND DISTRICT. 

That portion of the City of New Orleans which is situated above 
the line extending along the middle of Julia street until it strikes the 
New Orleans Canal, and thence down said canal to the lake, and the 
parishes of Jefferson, St. John the Baptist, St. Charles, St. James, 
Ascension, Assumption, Lafourche Interior, Terrebonne, West Baton 
Rouge and Iberville. 

THIRD DISTRICT. 

The parishes of St. Tammany, Washington, Livingston, St. Helena, 
East Baton Rouge, East Feliciana, West Eeliciana, Pointe Coupee, 
Avoyelles, Tensas, Concordia, Lafayette, Vermilion, St. Mary, St. Martin 
and St. Landry. 

FOURTH DISTRICT. 

The parishes of Calcasieu, Rapides, Sabine, Natchitoches, DeSoto, 
Caddo, Bossier, Claiborne, Bienville, Caldwell, Union, Ouachita, More- 
house, Jackson, Franklin, Catahoula, Madison, Carroll and Winn. 



98 CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 

Art. 65. The office of one of the associate justices shall be vacated 
at the expiration of the second year, of another at the expiration of the 
fourth year, of a third, at the expiration of the sixth year, and of the 
fourth, at the expiration of the eighth year — so that one of .the judges 
of the Supreme Court shall be elected every second year. 

Art. 6Q. The Secretary of State, on receiving the official returns 
of the first election, shall proceed immediately, in the presence and with 
the assistance of two justices of the peace, to determine by lot among 
the four candidates having the highest number of votes in the respective 
districts, which of the associate justices elect shall serve for the term 
of two years, which for the term of four years, which for the term of 
six years, and which for the term of eight years, and the Governor shall 
issue commissions accordingly. 

Art. 67. Any vacancy that may occur in the Supreme Court from 
resignation or otherwise, shall be filled by election for the remainder of 
the unexpired term, but if such remainder do not exceed one year, the 
vacancy shall be filled by executive appointment. 

Art. 68. The Supreme Court shall hold its sessions in New Orleans 
from the first Monday of the month of November to the end of the 
month of June, inclusive. The Legislature shall have power to fix the 
sessions elsewhere during the rest of the year; until otherwise provided, 
the sessions shall be held as heretofore. 

Art. 69. The Supreme Court and each of the judges thereof shall 
have power to issue writs of habeas corpus, at the instance of all persons 
in actual custody under process in all cases in which they may have 
appellate jurisdiction. 

Art. 70. No judgment shall be rendered by the Supreme Court with- 
out the concurrence of a majority of the judges comprising the court. 
Whenever a majority cannot agree, in consequence of the recusation of 
any member or members of the court, the judges not recused shall have 
power to call upon any judge or judges of the inferior courts, whose duty 
it shall be, when so called upon, to sit in the place of the judges recused 
and to aid in determining the case. 

Art. 71. All judges, by virtue of their office, shall be conservators 
of the peace throughout the State. The style of all process shall be "The 
State of Louisiana." All prosecutions shall be carried on in the name 
and by authority of the State of Louisiana, and conclude against the 
peace and dignity of the same. 

Art. 72. The judges of all courts within the State shall, as often 
as it may be possible so to do, in every definite judgment refer to the 
particular law in virtue of which such judgment may be rendered, and 
in all cases adduce the reasons on which their judgment is founded. 

Art. 73. The judges of all courts shall be liable to impeachment, 
but for any reasonable cause, which shall not be sufficient ground for 
impeachment, the Governor shall remove any of them on the address of 
three-fourths of the members present of each house of the General 
Assembly. In every such case the camse or causes for which such removal 



CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 09 

may be required shall be stated at length in the address and inserted in 
the journal of each house. 

Art. 74. There shall be an Attorney General for the State, and as 
many district attorneys as may be hereafter found necessary. They shall 
hold their offices for four years; their duties shall be determined by law. 

Art. 75. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall, 
at stated times, receive a salary, which shall not be diminished during 
their continuance in office; and they are prohibited from receiving any 
fees of office, or other compensation than their salaries for any civil 
duties performed by them. 

Art. 76. The Legislature shall have power to vest in clerks of 
courts authority to grant such orders and do such acts as may be deemed 
necessary for the furtherance of the administration of justice, and in all 
cases the powers thus granted shall be specified and determined. 

Art. 77. The judges of the several inferior courts shall have power 
to remove the clerks thereof for breach of good behavior, subject in all 
cases to an appeal to the Supreme Court. 

Art. 78. The jurisdiction of justices of the peace shall be limited 
in civil cases to cases where the matter in dispute does not exceed one 
hundred dollars, exclusive of interest, subject to appeal in such cases as 
shall be provided for by law. They shall be elected by the qualified elec- 
tors of each parish, district or ward, for the term of two years, in such 
manner, and shall have such criminal jurisdiction as shall be provided 
by law. 

Art. 79. Clerks of the inferior courts in this State shall be elected 
for the term of four years ; and, should a vacancy occur subsequent to an 
election, it shall be filled by the judge of the court in which such vacancy 
exists, and the person so appointed shall hold his office until the next 
general election. 

Art. 80. A sheriff and a coroner shall be elected in each parish by 
the qualified voters thereof, who shall hold their office for the term of two 
years, unless sooner removed. The Legislature shall have the power to 
increase the number of sheriffs in any parish. Should a vacancy occur in 
either of these offices, subsequent to an election, it shall be filled by the 
Governor; and the person so appointed shall continue in office until his 
successor shall be elected and qualified. 

Art. 81. The judges of the several inferior courts shall be elected 
by the duly qualified voters of their respective districts or parishes. 

Art. 82. It shall be the duty of the Legislature to fix the time for 
holding elections for all judges at a time which shall be different from 
that fixed for all other elections. 

Art. 83. The Attorney General shall be elected by the qualified 
voters of the State, and the district attorneys by the qualified voters of 
each district, on the day of the election for Governor of the State. 

Art. 84. The Legislature may determine the mode of filling vacan- 
cies in the offices of the inferior judges, attorney general, district attor- 
neys, and all other officers not otherwise provided for in this Constitution. 



100 CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 

TITLE V. 

IMPEACHMENT. 

Art. 85. The power of impeachment shall be vested in the House of 
Kepresentatives. 

Art. 86. Impeachments of the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, 
Attorney General, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and of the judges 
of the inferior courts, justices of the peace excepted, shall be tried by 
Senate; the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, or the senior judge 
thereof, shall preside during the trial of such impeachment. Impeach- 
ments of the judges of the Supreme Court shall be tried by the Senate. 
When sitting as a court of impeachment, the Senators shall be upon oath 
or affirmation, and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence 
of two-thirds of the Senators present. 

Art. 87. Judgments in cases of impeachment shall extend only to 
removal from office and disqualification from holding any office of honor, 
trust or profit under the State; but the convicted parties shall, never- 
theless, be subject to indictment, trial and punishment according to law. 

Art. 88. All officers against whom articles of impeachment may be 
preferred shall be suspended from the exercise of their functions during 
the pendency of such impeachment; the appointing power may make a 
provisional appointment to replace any suspended officer until the decision 
of the impeachment. 

Art. 89. The Legislature shall provide by law for the trial, punish- 
ment and removal from office of all other officers of the State by indict- 
ment or otherwise. 

TITLE VI. 

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 

Art. 90. Members of the General Assembly, and all officers, before 
they enter upon the duties of their office, shall take the following oath 
or affirmation: 

"I (A B), do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the Con- 
stitution of the United" States and of this State, and that I will faith- 
fully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent 

on me as , according to the best of my abilities and understanding, 

agreeably to the Constitution and laws of the United States and of this 
State; and I do further solemnly swear (or affirm) that since the adop- 
tion of the present Constitution, I, being a citizen of this State, have 
not fought a duel with deadly weapons within this State, nor out of it, 
with a citizen of this State, nor have I sent or accepted a challenge to 
fight a duel with deadly weapons with a citizen of this State, nor have I 
acted as second in carrying a challenge or aided, advised or assisted any 
person thus offending, so help me God." 

Art. 91. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war 
against it, or in adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 101 

No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two 
witnesses to the same overt act, or his own confession in open court. 

Art. 92. Every person shall be disqualified from holding- any office 
of trust or profit in this State, who shall have been convicted of having 
given or offered a bribe to procure his election or appointment. 

Art. 93. Laws shall be made to exclude from office and from the 
right of suffrage those who shall hereafter be convicted of bribery, per- 
jury, forgery or other high crimes or misdemeanors. The privilege of 
free suffrage shall be supported by laws regulating elections and pro- 
hibiting, under adequate penalties, all undue influence thereon, from 
power, bribery, tumult or other improper practice. 

Art. 94. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in pur- 
suance of specific appropriation made by law, nor shall any appropriation 
of money made for a longer term than two years. A regular statement 
and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public moneys shall 
be published annually in such manner as shall be prescribed by law. 

Art. 95. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to pass such 
laws as may be proper and necessary to decide differences by arbitration. 

Art. 96. All civil officers for the State at large shall reside within 
the State, and all district or parish officers, within their districts or 
parishes, and shall keep their offices at such places therein as may be 
required by law. 

Art. 97. All civil officers, except the Governor and judges of the 
Supreme and inferior courts, shall be removable by an address of a major- 
ity of the members of both houses, except those the removal of whom has 
been otherwise provided by this Constitution. 

Art. 98. In all elections by the people the vote shall be by ballot, 
and in all elections by the Senate and House of Representatives, jointly 
or separately, the vote shall be given viva voce. 

Art. 99. No member of Congress, nor person holding or exercising 
any office of trust or profit under the United States, or either of them, or 
under any foreign power, shall be eligible as a member of the General 
Assembly, or hold or exercise any office of trust or profit under the State. 

Art. 100. The laws, public records, and the judicial and legislative 
written proceedings of the State shall be promulgated, preserved and 
conducted in the language in which the Constitution of the United States 
is written. 

Art. 101. The Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of 
Representatives shall be conversant with the French and English lan- 
guages, and members may address either house in the French or English 
language. 

Art. 102. No power of suspending the laws of this State shall be 
exercised unless by the Legislature, or by its authority. 

Art. 103. Prosecutions shall be by indictment or information. The 
accused shall have a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the 
vicinage; he shall not be compelled to give evidence against himself; he 
shall have the right of being heard by himself or counsel ; he shall have 



102 CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 

the right of meeting the witnesses face to face, and shall have compul- 
sory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor. 

Art. 104. All prisoners shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless 
for capital offenses, where the proof is evident or presumption great, or 
unless after conviction for any offense or crime punishable with death 
or imprisonment at hard labor. The privilege of the writ of habeas 
corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in case of rebellion or invasion 
the public safety may require it. 

Art. 105. No ex post facto law, nor any law impairing the obliga- 
tion of contracts shall be passed, nor vested rights be divested, unless for 
purposes of public utility and for adequate compensation previously 
made. 

Art. 106. The press shall be free, Every citizen may freely speak, 
write and publish his sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for an 
abuse of this liberty. 

Art. 107. The seat of Government shall be and remain at Baton 
Rouge, and shall not be removed without the consent of three-fourths of 
both houses of the General Assembly. 

Art. 108. The State shall not subscribe for the stock of nor make 
a loan to nor pledge its faith for the benefit of any corporation or joint 
stock company created or established for banking purposes, nor for other 
purposes than those described in the following article. 

Art. 109. The Legislature shall have power to grant aid to com- 
panies or associations of individuals formed for the exclusive purpose of 
making works of internal improvement, wholly or partially within the 
State, to the extent only of one-fifth of the capital of such companies, by 
subscription of stock or loan of money or public bonds ; but any aid thus 
granted shall be paid to the company only in the same proportion as the 
remainder of the capital shall be actually paid in by the stockholders 
of the company; and, in case of loan, such adequate security shall be 
required as to the Legislature may seem proper. No corporation or indi- 
vidual association receiving the aid of the State, as herein provided, shall 
possess banking or discounting privileges. 

Art. 110. No liability shall be contracted by the State as above 
mentioned, unless the same be authorized by some law for some single 
object or work to be distinctly specified therein, which shall be passed 
by a majority of the members elected to both houses of the General 
Assembly, and the aggregate amount of debts and liabilities incurred 
under this and the preceding article shall never at any time exceed eight 
millions of dollars. 

Art. 111. Whenever the Legislature shall contract a debt exceeding 
in amount the sum of one hundred thousand dollars, unless in case of war 
to repel invasion or suppress insurrection, they shall, in the law creating 
the debt, provide adequate ways and means for the payment of the current 
interest and of the principal when the same shall become due. And the 
said law shall be irreparable until principal and interest are fully paid 
and discharged, or unless the repealing law contains some other adequate 
provision for the payment of the principal and interest of the debt. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 103 

Art. 112. The Legislature shall provide by law for a change of 
venue in civil and criminal cases. 

Art. 113. No lottery shall be authorized by this State, and the buy- 
ing or selling of lottery tickets within the State is prohibited. 

Art. 114. No divorce shall be granted by the Legislature. 

Art. 115. Every law enacted by the Legislature shall embrace but 
one object, and that shall be expressed in the title. 

Art. 116. No law shall be revived or amended by reference to its 
title; but in such case, the act revived, or section amended, shall be 
re-enacted and published at length. 

Art. 117. The Legislature shall never adopt any system or code of 
laws by general reference to such system or code of laws, but in all cases 
shall specify the several provisions of the laws it may enact. 

Art. 118. Corporations with banking or discounting privileges may 
be either created by special acts, or formed under general laws; but the 
Legislature shall, in both cases, provide for the registry of all bills or 
notes issued or put in circulation as money, and shall require ample 
security for the redemption of the same in specie. 

Art. 119. The Legislature shall have no power to pass any law 
sanctioning in any manner, directly or indirectly, the suspension of specie 
payments by any person, association or corporation issuing bank notes 
of any description. 

Art. 120. In case of insolvency of any bank or banking association, 
the bill holders thereof shall be entitled to preference in payment over all 
other creditors of such bank or association. 

Art. 121. The Legislature shall have power to pass such laws as it 
may deem expedient for the relief or revival of the Citizens' Bank of 
Louisiana, and the acts already passed for the same purpose are ratified 
and confirmed; provided, that the bank is subject to the restrictions con- 
tained in Articles 119 and 120 of this Constitution. 

Art. 122. No person shall hold or exercise, at the same time more 
than one civil office of emolument, except that of justice of the peace. 

Art. 123. Taxation shall be equal and uniform throughout the 
State. All property on which taxes may be levied in this State shall 
be taxed in proportion to its value, to be ascertained as directed by law. 
No one species of property shall be taxed higher than another species of 
property of equal value, in which taxes shall be levied; the Legislature 
shall have power to levy an income tax, and to tax all persons pursuing 
any occupation, trade or profession. 

Art. 124. The citizens of the City of New Orleans shall have the 
right of appointing the several public officers necessary for the administra- 
tion of the police of the said city, pursuant to the mode of elections which 
shall be prescribed by the Legislature; provided, that the mayor and 
recorders shall be ineligible to a seat in the General Assembly, and the 
mayor, recorders, aldermen and assistant aldermen shall be commissioned 
by the Governor as justices of the peace, and the Legislature may vest 



104 CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 

in them such criminal jurisdiction as may be necessary for the punish- 
ment of minor crimes and offenses, and as the police and good order of 
said city may require. 

Art. 125. The Legislature may provide by law in what case officers 
shall continue to perform the duties of their offices, until their successors 
shall have been inducted into office. 

Art. 126. Any citizen of this State who shall, after the adoption of 
this Constitution, fight a duel with deadly weapons, with a citizen of this 
State, or, send or accept a challenge to fight a duel with deadly weapons, 
either within this State or out of it, with a citizen of this State, or who 
shall act as second, or knowingly aid or assist in any manner those thus 
offending, shall be deprived of holding any office of trust or profit, and of 
enjoying the right of suffrage under this Constitution; and the office of 
any State officer, member of the General Assembly, or of any other person 
holding office of profit or trust under this Constitution, and the laws made 
in pursuance thereof, shall be, ipso facto, vacated by the fact of any such 
person committing the offense mentioned in this article, and the Legisla- 
ture shall provide by law for the ascertaining and declaration of such 
forfeiture. 

Art. 127. The Legislature shall have power to extend this Constitu- 
tion and the jurisdiction of this State over any territory acquired by 
compact with any State, or with the United States, the same being done 
by the consent of the United States. 

Art. 128. None of the lands granted by Congress to the State of 
Louisiana for aiding it in constructing the necessary levees and drains, to 
reclaim the swamp and overflowed lands in this State, shall be diverted 
from the purposes for which they were granted. 

Art. 129. The Constitution and laws of this State shall be promul- 
gated in the English and French languages. 

TITLE VII. 

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 

Art. 130. There shall be a Board of Public Works, to consist of four 
commissioners. The State shall be divided by the Legislature into four 
districts, containing as nearly as may be an equal number of voters, and 
one commissioner shall be elected in each district by the legal voters 
thereof for the term of four years; but, of the first elected, two, to be 
designated by lot, shall remain in office for two years only. 

.Art. 131. The General Assembly, at its first session after the adop- 
tion of this Constitution, shall provide for the election and compensation 
of the commissioners and the organization of the board. The commis- 
sioners first elected shall assemble on a day to be appointed by law, and 
decide by lot the order in which their terms of service shall expire. 

Art. 132. The commissioners shall exercise a diligent and faithful 
supervision of all public works in which the State may be interested, 



CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 105 

except those made by joint stock companies. They shall communicate to 
the General Assembly, from time to time, their views concerning the 
same, and recommend such measures as they may deem necessary, in order 
to employ to the best advantage and for the purposes for which they were 
granted, the swamp and overflowed lands, conveyed by the United States 
to this State. They shall appoint all officers engaged on the public works, 
and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by law. 

Art. 133. The commissioners may be removed by the concurrent vote 
of a majority of all the members elected to each house of the General 
Assembly; but the cause of the removal shall be entered on the journal 
of each house. 

Art. 134. The General Assembly shall have power, by a vote of three- 
fifths of the members elected to each house, to abolish said board, when- 
ever in their opinion a Board of Public Works shall no longer be neces- 
sary. 

TITLE VIIL 

PUBLIC EDUCATION. 

Art. 135. There shall be elected a Superintendent of Public Educa- 
tion, who shall hold his office for the term of two years. His duties shall 
be prescribed by law, and he shall receive such compensation as the Legis- 
lature may direct ; Provided, That the General Assembly shall have power, 
by a vote of the majority of the members elected to both houses, to abolish 
the said office of Superintendent of Public Education, whenever, in their 
opinion, said office shall be no longer necessary. 

Art. 136. The General Assembly shall establish free public schools 
throughout the State, and shall provide for their support by general 
taxation on property or otherwise; and all moneys so raised or provided 
shall be distributed to each parish in proportion to the number of free 
white children between such ages as shall be fixed by the General 
Assembly. 

Art. 137. The proceeds of all lands heretofore granted by the United 
States to this State for the use or support of schools, and of all lands 
which may hereafter be granted or bequeathed to the State, and not 
expressly granted or bequeathed for any purpose, which hereafter may be 
disposed of by the State, and the proceeds of the estates of deceased 
persons, to which the State may become entitled by law, shall be held by 
the State as a loan, and shall be and remain a perpetual fund, on which 
the State shall pay an annual interest of six per cent.; which interest, 
together with the interest of the trust funds deposited with this State by 
the United States, under the act of Congress, approved June 23, 1836, and 
all the rents of the unsold lands shall be appropriated to the support of 
such schools, and this appropriation shall remain inviolable. 

Art. 138. All moneys arising from the sales which have been or may 
hereafter be made of any lands heretofore granted by the United States to 
this State, for the use of a seminary of learning, and from any kind of 
donation that may hereafter be made for that purpose, shall be and remain 



106 CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 

a perpetual fund, the interest of which, at six per cent, per annum, shall 
be appropriated to the support of a seminary of learning for the promotion 
of literature and the arts and sciences, and no law shall ever be made 
diverting said fund to any other use than to the establishment and 
improvement of said seminary of learning. 

Art. 139. The University of Louisiana, in New Orleans, as now 
established, shall be maintained. 

Art. 140. The Legislature shall have power to pass such laws as may 
be necessary for the further regulation of the university, and for tV 
promotion of literature and science; but shall be under no obligation to 
contribute to the support of said university by appropriations. 

TITLE IX. 

MODE OF REVISING THE CONSTITUTION. 

Art. 141. Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may 
be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives, and if the same 
shall be agreed to by two-thirds of the members elected to each house, such 
proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their journals, 
with the yeas and nays taken thereon, and the Secretary of State shall 
cause the same to be published, three months before the next general 
election for Representatives of the State Legislature, in at least one news- 
paper in French and English, in every parish in the State in which a 
newspaper shall be published; and such proposed amendment or amend- 
ments shall be submitted to the people at said election; and if a majority 
of the voters at said election shall approve and ratify such amendment or 
amendments, the same shall become a part of the Constitution. If more 
than one amendment be submitted at a time, they shall be submitted in 
such manner and form that the people may vote for or against each amend- 
ment separately. 

TITLE X. 

SCHEDULE. 

Art. 142. The Constitution adopted in eighteen hundred and forty- 
five is declared to be superseded by this Constitution, and in order to carry 
the same into effect, it is hereby declared and ordained as follows : 

Art. 143. All rights, actions, prosecutions, claims and contracts, as 
well as of individuals as of bodies corporate, and all laws in force at the 
time of the adoption of this Constitution, and not inconsistent therewith, 
shall continue as if the same had not been adopted. 

Art. 144. In order that no inconvenience may result to the public 
service from the taking effect of this Constitution, no office shall be super- 
seded thereby; but the laws of the State relative to the duties of the 
several officers, executive, judicial and military, shall remain in full force, 
though the same be contrary to this Constitution, and the several duties 
shall be performed by the respective officers of the State, according to iho 
existing laws, until the organization of the Government under this Con- 
stitution, and the entering into office of the new officers to be appointed 
under said Government, and no longer. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 107 

Art. 145. Appointments to office by the executive under this Con- 
stitution shall be made by the Governor to be elected under its authority. 

Art. 146. The Legislature shall provide for the removal of all 
causes now pending in the Supreme Court or other courts of the State 
under the Constitution of 1845, to courts created by or under this Con- 
stitution. 

Art. 147. The time of service of all officers chosen by the people, at 
the first election under this Constitution, shall terminate as though the 
election had been holden on the first Monday of November, 1851, and they 
had entered on the discharge of their duties at the time designated therein. 
The first class Senators, designated in Article 17, shall hold their seats 
«jntil the day of the closing of the general elections in November, 1853, and 
the second class until the day of the closing of the general elections in 
November, 1855 

Art. 148. The first election for judges of the Supreme Court shall be 
held on the first Monday of April next (1853,) and they shall enter into 
office on the first Monday of May, 1853. 

Art. 149. The first term of service of the district attorneys and the 
clerks of the inferior courts to be ordered and established under this 
Constitution, shall be regulated by the term of service of the first Governor, 
so that a new election for these officers shall be held on the first Monday of 
November. 

TITLE XL 

ORDINANCE. 

Art. 150. Immediately after the adjournment of the Convention the 
Governor shall issue his proclamation, directing the several officers of this 
State authorized by law to hold elections for members of the General 
Assembly, to open and hold a poll in every parish of the State, at the 
places designated by law, upon the first Tuesday of November next, for 
the purpose of taking the sense of the good people of this State in regard 
to the adoption or rejection of this Constitution ; and it shall be the duty 
of said officers to receive the votes of all persons entitled to vote under the 
old Constitution and under this Constitution. Each voter shall express 
his opinion by depositing in a separate box, kept for that purpose, a 
ticket, whereon shall be written, "The Constitution accepted," or, "The 
Constitution rejected," or some such words as will distinctly convey the 
intention of the voter. At the conclusion of said election, which shall be 
conducted in every respect as a general State election is now conducted, 
the commissioners designated to preside over the same shall carefully 
examine and count each ballot so deposited, and shall forthwith make due- 
returns thereof to the Secretary of State, in conformity to the provisions 
of the existing law upon the subject of elections. 

Art. 151. Upon the receipt of the said returns, or on the fifth 
Monday of November, if the returns be not sooner received, it shall be the 
duty of the Governor, the Secretary of State, the Attorney General and 
the State Treasurer, in the presence of all such persons as may choose to 



108 CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 

attend, to compare the votes given at the said poll for the ratification and 
rejection of this Constitution, and if it shall appear from said returns that 
a majority of all the votes given is for ratifying this Constitution, then it 
shall be the duty of the Governor to make proclamation of that fact, and 
thenceforth this Constitution shall be ordained and established as the 
Constitution of the State of Louisiana. But, whether this Constitution be 
accepted or rejected, it shall be the duty of the Governor to cause to be 
published, in the official paper of the Convention, the result of the polls, 
showing the number of votes cast in each parish for and against the said 
Constitution. 

Art. 152. Should this Constitution be accepted by the people, it shal? 
also be the duty of the Governor forthwith to issue his proclamation, 
declaring the present Legislature, elected under the old Constitution, to be 
dissolved, and directing the several officers of the State, authorized by law 
to hold elections for members of the General Assembly, to hold an election, 
at the places designated by law, upon the fourth Monday in December 
next, for Governor, Lieutenant Governor, members of the General 
Assembly, Secretary of State, Attorney General, Treasurer, and Superin- 
tendent of Public Education ; and the said election shall be conducted, and 
the returns thereof made, in conformity with existing laws upon the 
subject of State elections. 

Art. 153. The General Assembly elected under this Constitution 
shall convene at the State House, in Baton Rouge, upon the third Monday 
of January next after the elections, and the Governor and Lieutenant 
Governor elected at the same time, shall be duly installed in office during 
the first week of the session, and before it shall be competent for the said 
General Assembly to proceed with the transaction of business. 

Art. 154. All the publications herein ordered shall be made in the 
official journal of the Convention. 

Art. 155. This Constitution shall be published in French and 
English in the official journal of the Convention, from the period of its 
adjournment until the first Tuesday of November, 1852, one thousand 
eight hundred and fifty-two. 

Done at Baton Rouge, July 31, 1852. 

(Signed) DUNCAN F. KENNER, 
Attest: President of the Convention. 

J. B. WALTON, 

Secretary of the Convention. 

Jas. Akenhead, Chas. A. Bullard, 

Wm. H. Avery, C. L. Bodousquie, 

John W. Andrews, H. Bernard, 

Robt. Anderson, of Carroll. Robt. G. Beale, 

E. S. Armant, Wm. Beard, 

Daniel Addison, Chas. Bienvenu, 

J. A. Bradford, , A. Brother, 

J. P. Benjamin, John H. Boyer, 

Solon Bartlett, Fred Bouisson, 



CONSTITUTION OF 1852. 



109 



Daniel Byrne, 

T. Wharton Collens, 

Henry C. Castellanos, 

A. G. Carter, 

J. G. Campbell, 

J. B. Cotton, 

G. F. Connelly, 

F. D. Conrad, 

Eowd. Duffel, Jr., 

Cyprien Dufour, 

E. C. Davidson, 

F. Dugue, Jr., 
C. Dalferes, 
Edwd. Delony, 
Wji. R. Douglass, 

M. G. Edwards, of Orleans. 

N. S. Edwards, 

George Eustis, Jr., 

H. B. Eggleston, ' 

Fergus Gardere, 

George S. Guion, 

F. H. Hatch, 

P. T. Harris, 

R. A. Hargis, 

M. Hernandez, Jr., 

Wade H. Hough, 

R. Hodges, 

Randall Hunt, 

Andrew S. Herron, 

P. 0. Hebert, 

Harry T. Hays, 

A. J. Isaacks, 

N. R. Jennings, 

Aug. W. Jourdan, 

Jesse R. Jones, 

Peyton G. King, 

Phillip B. Key, 

John E. King, of St. Landry. 

J. M. Lapeyre, 

John B. Leefe, 

Chas. J. Leeds, 

W. Jones Lyle, 

Desire Le Blanc, 

j. l. lobdell, 

D. B. McMillen, 

L. Matthews, of Orleans. 

J. L. Matthews, 

Ant. Moreno, 



George Mather, 
E. H. Martin, 
Edward Monge, 
Alfred McIlhenny, 
Tho. C. Nicholls, 
Benj. P. Paxton, 
Wm. Patterson, 
William Perkins, 
John W. Price, 
U. B. Phillips, 
Wm. W. Pugh, 
Wm. S. Parham, 
W. T. Palfrey, 
Robert Preaux, 
H. H. Pierson, 
L. Vincent Reeves, 
G. Rixner, 
Sam. G. Risk, 

D. D. Richardson, of St. Mary, 
R. W. Rchardson, 

C. Roselius, 

A. B. Roman, 
M. Ronquillo, 
Jno. M. Sandidge, 
H. B. Shaw, 
Henry St. Paul, 

E. Staes, 

C. L. Swayze, 

T. F. Scarborough, 

John M. Shelton, 

P. C. Smith, 

R. Smith, of Winn, 

R. H. Sibley, 

B. B. Simms, 
Wm. R. Stuart, 
G. T. Tatman, 
A. Talbot, 
John R. Smart, 
Hezek. Thompson, 
Robert B. Todd, 
A. Toulouse, 

S. Van Wickle, 

C. J. Villere, 
J. P. Waddill, 
J. S. Williams, 

Wm. W. Whittington, 
Henry H. Wilcoxon. 



Convention of 1861. 



On December 12th, 1860, the General Assembly of Louisiana passed 
an act declaring that, in their opinion, the condition of public affairs 
demanded that a Convention of the people be called to take such action 
as the interest and weKare of the State required, and provided for an 
election of delegates to said Convention, etc., and on Wednesday, January 
23rd, 1861, at 12 o'clock M., the delegates elected, in accordance with the 
provisions of said act, met in the hall of the House of Representatives in 
the State Capitol at Baton Rouge. 

The Convention was called to order by the Hon. Effingham Lawrence, 
representative delegate from the Parish of Plaquemines, who called the 
Hon. John Perkins, Jr., senatorial delegate from Tensas, to preside tem- 
porarily. 

Hon. Oscar Arroyo, of Plaquemines, was appointed temporary secre- 
tary; James Welch, of St. Helena, assistant secretary, and J. H. Peralta, 
temporary sergeant at arms. 

On roll call the following members answered to their names: 

SENATORIAL DELEGATES. 

Parishes of Plaquemines, St. Bernard, Jefferson and Orleans, right 
bank, Messrs. Charles Bienvenu and Fergus Gardere. 

All that portion of the Parish of Orleans, on the left bank of the 
Mississippi river, including the City of New Orleans, Messrs. Peter E. 
Bonford, Felix Labatut, Thomas H. Kennedy, W. Rufus Adams and J. J. 
Michel. 
, Parishes of St. Charles and Lafourche, Mr. Louis Bush. 

Parishes of Terrebonne, Assumption and Ascension, Mr. Robert C. 
Martin and Mr. Adolphe Yerret. 

Parishes of St. James and St. John the Baptist, Mr. A. Bienvenu 
Roman. 

Parish of St. Mary, Mr. G. Laclaire Fuselier. 

Parishes of St. Martin and Vermilion, Mr. Alexander Declouet. 

Parishes of St. Landry, Calcasieu and Lafayette, Messrs. Alexander 
Mouton and Lucius J. Dupre. 

Parish of Iberville, Mr. Augustus Talbot. 

Parishes of Pointe Coupee, Avoyelles and West Feliciana, Messrs. 
Charles D. Stewart and Abraham »M. Gray. 



CONVENTION OF 18G1. Ill 

Parishes of East Feliciana, East Baton Eouge and West Baton 
Rouge, Messrs. James O. Euqua and Andrew S. Herron. 

Parishes of St. Helena, Washington, Livingston and St. Tammany, 
Mr. Hardy Richardson. 

Parish of Rapides, Mr. John K. Elgee. 

Parishes of Sabine, Natchitoches, DeSoto and Caddo, Messrs. Benja- 
min L. Hodge and Henry Marshall. 

Parishes of Winn, Catahoula and Caldwell, Mr. Wade H. Hough. 

Parishes of Franklin and Carroll, Mr. Mark Valentine. 

Parishes of Madison, Tensas and Concordia, Messrs. John Perkins, 
Jr., and Lemuel P. Conner. 

Parish of Claiborne, Mr. John L. Lewis. 

Parishes of Bossier and Bienville, Mr. Robert Hodges. 

Parishes of Morehouse and Ouachita, Mr. Horace M. Polk. 

Parishes of Jackson and Union, Mr. William M. Kidd. 

REPRESENTATIVE DELEGATES. 

Parish of Plaquemines, Messrs. Effingham Lawrence and Joseph B. 
Wilkinson, Jr. 

Parish of St. Bernard, Mr. Antonio Marrero. 

Parish of Orleans (right bank), Mr. George W. Lewis. 

Parish of Jefferson, Messrs. Christian Roselius and C. Theodule 
Lagroue. 

Parish of St. Charles, Mr. Richard Taylor. 

Parish of St. John the Baptist, Mr. Samuel Hollingsworth. 

Parish of St. James, Messrs. J. Kleber Gaudet and Louis S. 
LeBourgeois. 

Parish of Ascension, Messrs. Edward Duffel and Thomas Cottman. 

Parish of Assumption, Messrs. Edmond 0. Melancon and Walter 
Pugh. 

Parish of Lafourche, Messrs. Caleb J. Tucker and J. Scudder 
Perkins. 

Parish of Terrebonne, Messrs. Andrew McCollom and Gilmore F. 
Connelly. 

Parish of St. Mary, Messrs. Jules G. Olivier and Washington M. 
Smith. 

Parish of St. Martin, Messrs. John Moore and Alcibiade DeBlanc. 

Parish of Avoyelles, Messrs, Genelon Cannon and Aristides Barbin. 

Parish of Catahoula, Mr. James G. Talliaferro. 

Parish of Carroll, Messrs. Edward Sparrow and John H. Martin. 

Parish of Madison, Messrs. William R. Peck and Claiborne C. 
Briscoe. 

Parish of Tensas, Messrs. Samuel W. Dorsey and William D. 
Anderson. 

Parish of Concordia, Messrs. Joseph E. Miller and Zebulon York. 



112 CONVENTION OP 1861. 

Parish of Pointe Coupee, Messrs. Auguste Provosty and Samuel W. 
McKneely. 

Parish of West Feliciana, Messrs. William R. Barrow and John T. 
Towles. 

Parish of East Feliciana, Messrs. Thomas W. Scott and William 
Patterson. 

Parish of St. Helena, Mr. James A. Williams. 

Parish of Washington, Mr. Nehemian Magee. 

Parish of St. Tammany, Mr. Sidney S. Conner. 

Parish of Livingston, Mr. William A. Davidson. 

Parish of East Baton Rouge, Messrs. William S. Pike and I. 
Ambrose Williams. 

Parish of West Baton Rouge, Mr. Nathaniel W. Pope. 

Parish of Iberville, Messrs. Theodore Johnson and Edward G. W. 
Butler. 

Parish of Vermilion, Mr. Daniel O'Bryan. 

Parish of Lafayette, Mr. Michel E. Girard. 

Parish of Calcasieu, Mr. William E. Gill. 

Parish of St. Landry, Messrs. John A. Taylor, Caleb L. Swayze, 
Withal Burton and Thomas A. Cooke. 

Parish of Rapides, Messrs. Thomas C. Manning, William W. 
Smart and Lewis Texada. 

Parish of Sabine, Mr. Edward C. Davidson. 

Parish of Natchitoches, Messrs. A. H. Pierson and Jules Som 
payrac. 

Parish of Winn, Mr. David Pierson. 

Parish of DeSoto, Messrs. Joseph B. Elam and Y. W. Graves. 

Parish of Caddo, Messrs. George Williamson and Leon D. Marks. 

Parish of Bossier, Thomas J. Caldwell and Henderson McFarland. 

Parish of Claiborne, Messrs. James Thomasson and Nelson J. Scott. 

Parish of Bienville, Mr. Felix Lewis. 

Parish of Jackson, Mr. William B. Warren. 

Parish of Union, Messrs. Sidney H. Griffin and William C. Carr. 

Parish of Morehouse, Mr. Robert B. Todd. 

Parish of Ouachita, Mr. Isaiah Garrett. 

Parish of Caldwell, Mr. Cicero C. Meredith. 

Parish of Franklin, Mr. Allen Bonner. 

Parish of Orleans, First Representative District, Messrs. Thomas 
J. Semmes, Isaac N. Marks and Benjamin S. Tappan. 

Second Representative District, Messrs. Joseph A. Rozier and W. T. 
Stocker. 

Third Representative District, Messrs. James McCloskey, Robert 
W. Estlin and J. B. Slawson. 

Fourth Representative District, Mr. M. 0. H. Norton. 

Fifth Representative District, Messrs. Joseph Hernandez and 
Bernard Avegno. 

Sixth Representative District, Mr. John Pemberton. 







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CONVENTION OF 1861. 113 

Seventh Representative District, Messrs. George Clark and Edward 
Bermudez. 

Eighth Representative District, Mr. Octave LeBlanc. 

Ninth Representative District, Mr. P. Sever Wiltz. 

Tenth Representative District, Messrs. William R. Miles, William 
M. Perkins and Alexander Walker. 

Permanent organization was effected on the same date by the elec- 
tion of the Hon. Alexander Mouton, as President, and Mr. J. T. Wheal:, 

as Secretary. 

*■ * * * * 

The President, in pursuance of a resolution adopted by the Con- 
vention, appointed the following as the Committee of Fifteen, whose 
object is to draw an ordinance providing for the withdrawal of the 
State of Louisiana from the Federal Union: 

Hon. John Perkins, of Tensas. A. Provosty, of Pointe Coupee. 

A. DeClouet, of St. Martin. W. R. Miles, of Orleans. 

A. B. Roman, of St. James. J. L. Lewis, of Claiborne. 

Edward Sparrow, of Carroll. A. Talbot, of Iberville. 

Isaiah Garrett, of Ouachita. W.R.Barrow, of West Feliciana. 

Thomas J. Semmes, of Orleans. Jno. K. Elgee, of Rapides. 

L. J. Dupre, of St. Landry. Christian Roselius, of Jefferson. 
G. M. Williamson, of Caddo. 

On Saturday, January 26th, 1861, The Ordinance of Secession, 
reported by Mr. Perkins, chairman of the Committee of Fifteen, was 
called up and adopted. 

The ayes and nays were as follows: 

Messrs. Adams, Anderson, Avegno, Barbin, Barrow, Bermudez, 
Bonford, Bonner, Briscoe, Burton, Bush, Butler, Caldwell, Cannon, 
Carr, Clark, Cook, Connelly, Conner of Concordia, Conner of St. Tam- 
many, Davidson of Livingston, Davidson of Sabine, Declouet, DeBlanc, 
Dorsey, Duffel, Dupre, Elam, Elgee, Estlin, Fuselier, Fuqua, Gladden, 
Graves, Gray, Gill, Girard, Griffin, Hernandez, Herron, Hodge, Hodges, 
Hollingsworth, Johnson, Kennedy, Kidd, Labatut, Lawrence, Lagroue, 
LeBlanc, Lewis of Bienville, Lewis of Claiborne, Manning, Marshall, 
Marrero, Marks of Caddo, Marks of Orleans, Martin of Assumption, 
Martin of Carroll, Magee, Miles, Michel, Miller, Moore, McCloskey, 
McCollom, McFarland, McKneely, Norton, Olivier, O'Bryan, Patterson, 
Perkins of Lafourche, Perkins of Madison, Perkins of Orleans, Peck, 
Pemberton, Pierson, Pike, Polk, Pope, Provosty, Pugh, Richardson, 
Slawson, Smart, Swayze, Semmes, Stewart, Sparrow, Sompayrac, Scott 
of Claiborne, Scott of East Feliciana, Smith, Tappan, Talbot, Taylor 
of St. Charles, Taylor of St. Landry, Texada, Thomasson, Todd, Towles 
Tucker, Valentine, Warren, Walker, Williams of East Baton Rouge, 
Williams of St. Helena, Williamson, Wilkinson, Wiltz and York. — 
112 yeas. 

Nays: Bienvienu, Cottman, Gardere, Garrett, Gaudet, Hough, 



114 CONVENTION OF 1861. 

LeBourgeois, Lewis, of Orleans; Melancon, Meredith, Pierson, of Winn; 
Eoman, Eoselius, Rozier, Stocker, Taliaferro, Yerret. — Total, 17 nays. 

On motion, by Mr. Moore, the rules were suspended and the Presi- 
dent of the convention, Hon. A. Mouton, was permitted to give his vote 
on the adoption of the ordinance, which he accordingly did in the 
affirmative, making the result as follows, viz: 113 yeas to 17 nays. 

The whole number of votes cast being 130. 

Upon the result of the vote just taken being announced, the Presi- 
dent then proclaimed the following declaration: 

"In virtue of the vote just announced, I now declare the connection 
between the State of Louisiana and the Federal Union dissolved, and 
that she is a free, sovereign, and independent power." 

The Convention, on that day, adjourned, to meet at the City Hall, 
in New Orleans, on Tuesday, January 29th, 1861, and their proceedings 
were thereafter held in that city. 

The flag of the Independent State of Louisiana (see opposite page) 
Was adopted February 11th, 1861, and on February 12th, 1861, the Con- 
vention proceeded in a body to Lafayette Square for the purpose of 
inaugurating and saluting the "National Flag of Louisiana." The 
military of the city were there drawn up, the flag run up on the flag- 
staff of the City Hall and, at the. same moment, a salute of twenty-one 
guns of artillery fired. 

The Convention adopted the State Constitution of 1852, making 
such changes as were requisite and necessary to conform to the Consti- 
tution of the Confederate States of America, and on Saturday, March 
23rd, 1861, adjourned without day. 



Constitution of 1864. 



Adopted in Convention, July 23,. 1864. 



PKEAMBLE. 

We, the People of the State of Louisiana, do ordain and establish 
this Constitution. 

TITLE I. 

EMANCIPATION. 

Article 1. Slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punish- 
ment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, are 
hereby forever abolished and prohibited throughout the State. 

Art. 2. The Legislature shall make no law recognizing the right of 
property in man. 

TITLE II. 

distribution of powers. 

Art. 3. The powers of the Government of the State of Louisiana 
shall be divided into three distinct departments, and each of them shall 
be confined to a separate body of magistracy, to-wit: those which are 
legislative to one, those which are executive to another, and those which 
are judicial to another. 

Art. 4. No one of these departments, nor any person holding office 
in one of them, shall exercise power properly belonging to either of the 
others, except in the instances hereinafter expressly directed or per- 
mitted. 

TITLE III. 

LEGISLATIVE departmet. 

Art. 5. The legislative power of the State shall be vested in two 
distinct branches, the one to be styled "the House of Representatives," 
the other "the Senate," and both "the General Assembly of the State of 
Louisiana." 

Art. 6 The members of the House of Representatives shall con- 
tinue in service for the term of two years from the day of the closing 
of the general elections. 

Art. *7 Representatives shall be chosen on the first Monday in 



118 CONSTITUTION OF 1864. 

November every two years, and the election shall be completed in one 
day. The General Assembly shall meet annually on the first Monday in 
January, unless a different day be appointed by law, and their sessions 
shall be held at the seat of Government. There shall also be a session of 
the General Assembly in the city of New Orleans, beginning on the first 
Monday of October, eighteen hundred and sixty-four; and it shall be the 
duty of the Governor to cause a special election to be held for members 
of the General Assembly, in all the parishes where the same may be 
held, on the day of the election for ratification or rejection of this 
Constitution — to be valid in case of ratification; and in other parishes 
or districts he shall cause elections to be held as soon as it may become 
practicable, to fill the vacancies for such parishes or districts in the 
General Assembly. The term of office of the first General Assembly shall 
expire as though its members had been elected on the first Monday of 
November, eighteen hundred and sixty-three. 

Art. 8. Every duly qualified elector under this Constitution shall 
be eligible to a seat in the General Assembly; Provided, That no person 
shall be a Representative or Senator unless he be, at the time of hi3 
election, a duly qualified voter of the Representative or Senatorial 
District from which he*is elected. - 

Art. 9. Elections for the members of the General Assembly shall be 
held at the several election precincts established by law. 

Art. 10. Representation in the House of Representatives shall be 
equal and uniform, and shall be regulated and ascertained by tiie 
number of qualified electors. Each parish shall have at least one Repre- 
sentative. No new parish shall be created with a territory less than six 
hundred and twenty-five square miles, nor with a number of electors less 
than the full number entitling it to a Representative; nor when the 
creation of such new parish would leave any other parish without the 
said extent of territory and number of electors. The first enumeration 
by the State authorities, under this Constitution, shall be made in the 
year eighteen hundred and sixty-six, the second in the year eighteen 
hundred and seventy, the third in the year eighteen hundred and seventy- 
six; after which time the General Assembly shall direct in what manner 
the census shall be taken, so that it be made at least once in every period 
of ten years, for the purpose of ascertaining the total population, and the 
number of qualified electors in each parish and election district; and in 
case of informality, omission or error in the census returns from any 
district, the Legislature shall order a new census taken in such parish 
or election district. 

Art. 11. At the first session of the Legislature after the making 
of each enumeration, the Legislature shall apportion the representatives 
amongst the several parishes and election districts on the basis of 
qualified electors as aforesaid. A representative number shall be fixed, 
and each parish and election district shall have as many Representatives 
as the aggregate number of its electors will entitle it to, and an addi- 
tional Representative for any fraction exceeding one-half the representa- 



CONSTITUTION OF 1864. 



110 



tive number. The number of Eepresentatives shall not be more than 
one hundred and twenty nor less than ninety. 

Art. 12. Until an apportionment shall be made, and elections held 
under the same, in accordance with the first enumeration to be made, as 
directed in article 10, the representation in the Senate and House of 
Representatives shall be as follows : 

For the parish of Orleans, forty-four Representatives, to be elected 
as follows: 



First Representative District. . . 
Second Representative District. 
Third Representative District. . 
Fourth Representative District. 
Fifth Representative District. . . 
Sixth Representative District.. 
Seventh Representative District 
Eighth Representative District. 
Ninth Representative District. 
Tenth Representative District. 

Orleans, Right Bank 2 

The parish of Livingston 1 

The parish of St. Tammany. .. . 1 
The parish of Pointe Coupee . . . 1 

The parish of St. Martin 2 

The parish of Concordia 1 

The parish of Madison 1 

The parish of Franklin 1 

The parish of St. Mary 1 

The parish of Jefferson 3 

The parish of Plaquemines 1 

The parish of St. Bernard 1 

The parish of St. Charles 1 

The parish of St. John the Baptist 1 

The parish of St. James 1 

The parish of Ascension 1 

The parish of Assumption 3 

The parish of Lafourche 3 

The parish of Terrebonne 2 



The parish of Iberville 1 

The parish of West Baton Rouge 1 

The parish of East Baton Rouge 2 

The parish of West Feliciana ... 1 

The parish of East Feliciana ... 1 

The parish of Washington/ 1 

The parish of St. Helena 1 

The parish of Vermilion 1 

The parish of Lafayette 2 

The parish of St. Landry 4 

The parish of Calcasieu 2 

The parish of Avoyelles 2 

The parish of Rapides 3 

The parish of Natchitoches 2 

The parish of Sabine 1 

The parish of Caddo 2 

The parish of DeSoto 2 

The Parish of Ouachita 1 

The parish of Union 2 

The parish of Morehouse 1 

The parish of Jackson 2 

The parish of Caldwell 1 

The parish of Catahoula 2 

The parish of Claiborne 3 

The parish of Bossier 1 

The parish of Bienville 2 

The parish of Carroll 1 

The parish of Tensas I 

The parish of Winn 2 



Total 118 

And the State shall be divided into the following Senatorial 
Districts : 

All that portion of the parish of Orleans lying on the left bank of 
the Mississippi river shall be divided into two Senatorial Districts; the 
First and Fourth Districts of the city of New Orleans shall compose one 
district, and shall elect five Senators; and the Second and Third Districts 
of said city shall compose the other district, and shall elect £our 
Senators. 



120 CONSTITUTION OF 1864. 

The parishes of Plquemines, St. Bernard, and all that part of the 
parish of Orleans on the right bank of the Mississippi river, shall form 
one district, and shall elect one Senator. 

The parish of Jefferson shall form one district, and shall elect one 
Senator. 

The parishes of St. Charles and Lafourche shall form one district, 
and shall elect one Senator. 

The parishes of St. John the Baptist and St. James shall form one 
district, and shall elect one Senator. 

The parishes of Ascension, Assumption and Terrebonne shall form 
one district, and shall elect two Senators. 

The parish of Iberville shall form one district, and shall elect one 
Senator. 

The parish of East Baton Bouge shall form one district, and shall 
elect one Senator. 

The parishes of West Baton Bouge, Pointe Coupee and West Feli- 
ciana shall form one district, and shall elect two Senators. 

The parish of East Eeliciana shall form one district, and shall elect 
one Senator. 

The parishes of Washington, St. Tammany, St. Helena and Living- 
ston shall form one district, and shall elect one Senator. 

The parishes of Concordia and Tensas shall form one district, and 
shall elect one Senator. 

The parishes of Madison and Carroll shall form one district, and 
shall elect one Senator. 

The parishes of Morehouse, Ouachita, Union and Jackson shall 
form one district, and shall elect two Senators. 

The parishes of Catahoula, Caldwell and Eranklin shall form one 
district, and shall elect one Senator. 

The parishes of Bossier, Bienville, Claiborne and Winn shall form 
one district, and shall elect two Senators. 

The parishes of Natchitoches, Sabine, DeSoto and Caddo shall form 
one district, and shall elect two Senators. 

The parishes of St. Landry, Lafayette and Calcasieu shall form onp 
district, and shall elect two Senators. 

The parishes of St. Martin and Vermilion shall form one district, 
and shall elect one Senator. 

The parish of St. Mary shall form one district, and shall elect one 
Senator. 

The parishes of Bapides and Avoyelles shall form one district, and 
shall elect two Senators. 

Art. 13. The House of Bepresentatives shall choose its Speaker 
and other officers. 

Art. 14. Every white male who has attained the age of twenty-one 
years, and who has been a resident of the State twelve months next pre- 
ceding the election, and the last three months thereof in the parish in 



CONSTITUTION OF 1864. 121 

which he offers to vote, and who shall be a citizen of the United States, 
shall have the right of voting. 

Art. 15. The Legislature shall have power to pass laws extending 
suffrage to such other persons, citizens of the United States, as by 
military service, by taxation to support the Government, or by intel- 
lectual fitness, may be deemed entitled thereto. 

Art. 16. No voter, on removing from one parish to another within 
the State, shall lose the right of voting in the former until he shall have 
acquired it in the latter. Electors shall, in all cases, except treason, 
felony or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their 
attendance at, going to, or returning from elections. 

Art. 17. The Legislature shall provide by law that the names and 
residence of all qualified electors shall be registered in order to entitle 
them to vote; but the registry shall be free of cost to the elector. 

Art. 18. No pauper, no person under interdiction, nor under con- 
viction of any crime punishable with hard labor, shall be entitled to 
vote at any election in this State. 

Art. 19. No person shall be entitled to vote at any election held 
in this State except in the parish of his residence, and, in cities and 
towns divided into election precincts, in the election precinct in which 
he resides. 

Art. 20. The members of the Senate shall be chosen for the term 
of four years. The Senate, when assembled, shall have the power to 
choose its own officers. 

Art. 21. The Legislature, in every year in which they apportion 
representation in the House of Representatives, shall divide the State 
into Senatorial districts. 

Art. 22. No parish shall be divided in the formation of a Sena- 
torial District, the parish of Orleans excepted. And whenever a new 
parish shall be created, it shall be attached to the Senatorial District 
from which most of its territory was taken, or to another contiguous 
district, at the discretion of the Legislature; but shall not be attached to 
more than one district. The number of Senators shall be thirty-six; 
and they shall be apportioned among the Senatorial Districts according 
to the electoral population contained in the several districts; Provided, 
That no parish be entitled to more than nine Senators. 

Art. 23. In all apportionments of the Senate, the electoral popula- 
tion of the whole State shall be divided by the number thirty-six, and 
the result produced by this division shall be the Senatorial ratio entitling 
a Senatorial District to a Senator. Single or contiguous parishes shall 
be formed into districts, having a population the nearest possible to the 
number entitling a district to a Senator; and if the apportionment to 
make a parish or district fall short of or exceed the ratio, then a district 
may be formed having not more than two Senators, but not otherwise. 
No new apportionment shall have the effect of abridging the term of 
service of any Senator already elected at the time of making the appor- 
tionment. After an enumeration has been made, as directed in the tenth 



122 CONSTITUTION OF 1864. 

article, the Legislature shall not pass any law until an apportionment of 
representation in both houses of the General Assembly be made. 

Art. 24. At the first session of the General Assembly, after this 
Constitution takes effect, the Senators shall be equally divided by lot, 
into two classes; the seats of the Senators of the first class shall be 
vacated at the expiration of the term of the first House of Representa- 
tives; of the second class at the expiration of the term of the second 
House of Representatives; so that one-half shall be chosen every two 
years, and a rotation thereby kept up perpetually. In case any district 
shall have elected two or more Senators, said Senators shall vacate their 
seats respectively at the end of the term aforesaid, and lots shall be 
drawn between them. 

Art. 25. The first election for Senators shall be held at the same 
time that the election for Representatives is held; and thereafter there 
shall be elections of Senators at the same time with each general election 
of Representatives, to fill the places of those Senators whose term of 
service may have expired. 

Art. 26. Not less than a majority of the members of each house of 
the General Assembly shall form a quorum to do business ; but a smaller 
number may adjourn from day to day, and shall be authorized by law to 
compel the attendance of absent members. 

Art. 27. Each house of the General Assembly shall judge of the 
qualifications, elections and return of its members; but a contested 
election shall be determined in such a manner as shall be directed by 
law. 

Art. 28. Each house of the General Assembly may determine the 
rules of its proceeding, punish a member for disorderly behavior, and, 
with a concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member ; but not a second time 
for the same offense. 

Art. 29. Each house of the General Assembly shall keep and 
publish weekly a journal of its proceedings ; and the yeas and nays of the 
members on any question shall, at the desire of any two of them, be 
entered on the journal. 

Art. 30. Each house may punish, by imprisonment, any person not 
a member, for disrespectful and disorderly behavior in its presence, or 
for obstructing any of its proceedings. Such imprisonment shall not 
exceed ten days for any one offense. 

Art. 31. Neither house, during the sessions of the General 
Assembly, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than 
three days, nor to any other place than that in which they may be 
sitting. 

Art. 32. The members of the General Assembly shall receive from 
the public treasury a compensation for their services, which shall be eight 
dollars per day, during their attendance, going to and returning from the 
sessions of their respective houses. The compensation may be increased 
or diminished, by law, but no alteration shall take effect during the 
period of service of the members of the House of Representatives by 



CONSTITUTION OF 1864. 123 

whom such alteration shall have been made. No session shall extend to 
a period beyond sixty days, to date from its commencement, and any 
legislative action had after the expiration of the said sixty days shall be 
null and void. This provision shall not apply to the first Legislature 
which is to convene after the adoption of this Constitution. 

Art. 33. The members of the General Assembly shall in all cases, 
except treason, felony, breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest 
during their attendance at the sessions of their respective houses, and 
going to or returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in 
either house shall not be questioned in any other place. 

Art. 34. No Senator or Representative shall, during the term for 
which he was elected, nor for one year thereafter, be appointed to any 
civil office of profit under this State, which shall have been created, or thf 
emoluments of which shall have been increased during the time such 
Senator or Representative was in office, except to such offices as may be 
filled by the election of the people. 

Art. 35. No person, who at any time may have been a collector of 
taxes, whether State, parish or municipal, or who may have been other- 
wise intrusted with public money, shall be eligible to the General 
Assembly, or to any office of profit or trust, under the State Government, 
until he shall have obtained a discharge for the amount of such collec- 
tions, and for all public moneys with which he may have been intrusted. 

Art. 36. No person, while he continues to exercise the functions 
of a clergyman of any religious denomination whatever, shall be eligible 
to the General Assembly. 

Art. 37. No bill shall have the force of a law until, on three several 
days, it be read over in each house of the General Assembly, and free 
discussion allowed thereon; unless in case of urgency, four-fifths of the 
house, where the bill shall be pending, may deem it expedient to dispense 
with this rule. 

Art. 38. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House 
of Representatives; but the Senate may propose amendments, as in other 
bills; provided, they shall not introduce any new matter, under the color 
of an amendment, which does not relate to raising revenue. 

Art. 39. The General Assembly shall regulate, by law, by whom, 
and in what manner, writs of election shall be issued to fill the vacancies 
which may happen in either branch thereof. 

Art. 40. The Senate shall vote on the confirmation of the officers, 
to be appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, by yeas and nays; and the names of the Senators voting for and 
against the appointments, respectively, shall be entered on a journal to be 
kept for that purpose, and made public at the end of each session, or 
before. 

Art. 41. Returns of all elections for members of the General 
Assembly shall be made to the Secretary of State. 

Art. 42. In the year in which a regular election for a Senator of 
the United States is to take place, the members of the General Assembly 



124 CONSTITUTION OF 1864. 

shall meet in the hall of the House of Representatives, on the second 
Monday following the meeting of the Legislature, and proceed to said 
election. 

TITLE IV. 

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 

Art. 43. The supreme executive power of the State shall be vested 
in a chief magistrate, who shall be styled the Governor of the State of 
Louisiana. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, 
together with the Lieutenant Governor, chosen for the same term, be 
elected as follows: The qualified electors for Representatives shall vote 
for Governor and Lieutenant Governor at the time and place of voting 
for Representatives; the returns of every election shall be sealed up and 
transmitted by the proper returning officer to the Secretary of State, who 
shall deliver them to the Speaker of the House of Representatives on 
the second day of the session of the General Assembly then to be holden. 
The members of the General Assembly shall meet in the House of Rep- 
resentatives to examine and count the votes. The person having the 
greatest number of votes for Governor shall be declared duly elected; 
but, if two or more persons shall be equal and the highest in the number 
votes polled for Governor, one of them shall immediately be chosen 
Governor by joint vote of the members of the General Assembly. The 
person having the greatest number of votes polled for Lieutenant Gover- 
nor shall be Lieutenant Governor; but, if two or more persons shall be 
equal and highest in the number of votes polled for Lieutenant Governor, 
one of them shall be immediately chosen Lietenant Governor by joint 
vote of the members of the General Assembly. 

Art. 44. No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor or 
Lientenant Governor who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five 
years, and been a citizen and resident within the State for the period of 
five years next preceding his election. 

Art. 45. The Governor shall enter on the discharge of his duties 
on the second Monday of January next ensuing his election, and shall 
continue in office until the Monday next succeeding the day that his suc- 
cessor shall be declared duly elected, and shall have taken the oath or 
affirmation required by the Constitution. 

Art. 46. No member of Congress, minister of any religious denom- 
ination, or any person holding office under the United States Govern- 
ment, shall be eligible to the office of Governor or Lieutenant Governor. 

Art. 47. In case of impeachment of the Governor, his removal from 
office, death, refusal or inability to qualify, resignation or absence from 
the State, the powers and duties of the office shall devolve upon the 
Lieutenant Governor for the residue of the term, or until the Governor, 
absent or impeached, shall return or be acquitted. The Legislature may 
provide by law for the case of removal, impeachment, death, resignation, 
disability or refusal to qualify of both the Governor and the Lieutenant 
Governor, declaring what officer shall act as Governor; and such officer 



CONSTITUTION OF 1864. 125 

shall act accordingly until the disability be removed, or for the remainder 
of the term. 

Art. 48. The Lieutenant Governor, or officer discharging the duties 
of Governor, shall, during his administration, receive the same compen- 
sation to which the Governor would have been entitled had he continued 
in office. 

Art. 49. The Lieutenant Governor shall, by virtue of his office, be 
President of the Senate, but shall have only a casting vote therein. 
Whenever he shall administer the Government, or shall be unable to 
attend as President of the Senate, the Senators shall elect one of their 
own members as President of the Senate for the time being. 

Art. 50. The Governor shall receive for his services a compensation 
of eight thousand dollars per annum, payable quarterly, on his own war- 
rant. 

Art. 51. The Lieutenant Governor shall receive for his services a 
salary of five thousand dollars per annum, to be paid quarterly. 

Art. 52. The Governor shall have power to grant reprieves for all 
offenses against the State, and, except in cases of impeachment, shall, 
with the consent of the Senate, have power to grant pardons, remit fines 
and forfeitures, after conviction. In cases of treason he may grant 
reprieves until the end of the next session of the General Assembly, in 
which the power of pardoning shall be vested. 

Art. 53. He shall be commander in chief of the militia of this 
State, except when they shall be called into the service of the United 
States. 

Art. 54. He shall nominate and, by and with the advice and con- 
sent of the Senate, appoint all officers whose offices are established by the 
Constitution, and whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided 
for; provided, however, that the Legislature shall have a right to pre- 
scribe the mode of appointment to all other offices established by law. 

Art. 55. The Governor shall have power to fill vacancies that may 
happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which 
shall expire at the end of the next session thereof, unless otherwise pro- 
vided for in this Constitution; but no person who has been nominated 
for office and rejected by the Senate shall be appointed to the same office 
during the recess of the Senate. 

Art. 56. He may require information in writing from the officers 
in the executive department upon any subject relating to the duties of 
their respective offices. 

Art. 57. He shall, from time to time, give to the General Assemblv 
information respecting the situation of the State, and recommend to 
their consideration such measures as he may deem expedient. 

Art. 58. He may, on extraordinary occasions, convene the General 
Assembly at the seat of Government, or at a different place, if that should 
have become dangerous from an enemy or from epidemic; and, in case 
of disagreement between the two houses as to the time of adjournment, 



126 CONSTITUTION OF 1864. 

he may adjourn them to such time as he may think proper, not exceeding 
four months. 

Art. 59. He shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed. 

Art. 60. Every bill which shall have passed both houses shall be 
presented to the Governor ; if he approve, he shall sign it ; if not, he shall 
return it with his objections to the house in which it originated, which 
shall enter the objections at large upon its journal and proceed to consider 
it; if, after such consideration, two-thirds of all the members elected to 
that house shall agree > pass the bill, it shall be sent, with the objections, 
to the other house, by which it shall be likewise considered, and, if 
approved by two-thirds of the members elected to that house, it shall 
be a law; but, in such cases, the vote of both houses shall be determined 
by yeas and nays, and the names of the members voting for or against 
the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If 
any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within ten days (Sundays 
excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, it shall be a law in 
like manner as if he had signed it; unless the General Assembly, by 
adjournment, prevents its return. 

Art. 61. Every order, resolution or vote, to which the concurrence 
of both houses may be necessary, except on a question of adjournment, 
shall be presented to the Governor, and before it shall take effect, be 
approved by him, or, being disapproved, shall be repassed by two-thirds 
of the members elected to each house of the General Assembly. 

Art. 62. There shall be a Secretary of State, who shall hold his 
office during the term for which the Governor shall have been elected. 
The records of the State shall be kept and preserved in the office of the 
Secretary; he shall keep a fair register of the official acts and proceedings 
of the Governor, and when necessary shall attest them; he shall, when 
required, lay the said register and all papers, minutes and vouchers rela- 
tive to his office, before either house of the General Assembly, and shall 
perform such other duties as may be enjoined on him by law. 

Art. 63. There shall be a Treasurer of the State ,and an Auditor 
of Public Accounts, who shall hold their respective offices during the 
term of four years. 

Art. 64. The Secretary of State, Treasurer of the State and 
Auditor of Public Accounts shall be elected by the qualified electors of 
the State; and in case of any vacancy caused by the resignation, death 
or absence of the Secretary, Treasurer or Auditor, the Governor shall 
order an election to fill said vacancy. 

Art. 65. The Secretary of State, the Treasurer and the Auditor 
shall Teceive a salary of five thousand dollars per annum each. 

Art. 66. All commissions shall be in the name and by the author- 
ity of the State of Louisiana, and shall be sealed with the State seal and 
signed by the Governor. 

Art. 67. All able bodied men in the State shall be armed and dis- 
ciplined for its defense. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1864. 127 

Art. 68. The militia of the State shall be organized in such manner 
as may be hereafter deemed most expedient by the Legislature. 

TITLE V. 

JUDICIARY DEPARTMENT. 

Art. 69. The judiciary power shall be vested in a Supreme Court, 
in such inferior courts as the Legislature may, from time to time, order 
and establish, and in justices of the peace. 

Art. 70. The Supreme Court, except in cases hereafter provided, 
shall have appellate jurisdiction only, which jurisdiction shall extend to 
all cases when the matter in dispute shall exceed three hundred dollars; 
to all cases in w 7 hich the constitutionality or legality of any tax, toll or 
impost whatsoever, or of any fine, forfeiture or penalty imposed by a 
municipal corporation shall be in contestation; and to all criminal cases, 
on questions of law alone, whenever the offense charged is punishable 
with death or imprisonment at hard labor, or when a fine exceeding three 
hundred dollars is actually imposed. 

Art. 71. The Supreme Court shall be composed of one Chief Jus- 
tice and four Associate Justices, a majority of whom shall constitute a 
quorum. The Chief Justice shall receive a salary of seven thousand five 
hundred dollars and each of the Associate Justices a salary of seven thou- 
sand dollars, annually, until otherwise provided by law. The court shall 
appoint its own clerks. 

Art. 72. The Supreme Court shall hold its session in New Orleans 
from the first Monday in the month of November to the end of the month 
of June, inclusive. The Legislature shall have the power to fix the ses- 
sion elsewhere during the rest of the year. Until otherwise provided, the 
sessions shall be held as heretofore. 

Art. 73. The Supreme Court, and each of the judges thereof, shall 
have power to issue writs of habeas corpus, at the instance of all persons 
in actual custody under process in all cases in which they may have appel- 
late jurisdiction. 

Art. 74. No judgment shall be rendered by the Supreme Court 
without the concurrence of a majority of the judges comprising the court. 
Whenever the majority cannot agree, in consequence of the recusation of 
any member of the court, the judges not recused shall have power to call 
upon any judge or judges of the inferior courts, whose duty it shall be, 
when so called upon, to sit in the place of the judge or judges recused and 
to aid in determining the case. 

Art. 75. All judges, by virtue of their office, shall be conservators 
of the peace throughout the State. The style of all process shall be 
"The State of Louisiana." All prosecutions shall be carried on in the 
name and by the authority of the State of Louisiana and conclude against 
the peace and dignity of the same. 

Art. 76. The judges of all courts within the State shall, as often 
as it may be advisable so to do, in every definitive judgment, refer to 



128 CONSTITUTION OF 1864. 

the particular law in virtue of which such judgment may be rendered, 
and in all cases adduce the reasons on which their judgment is founded. 

Art. 77. The judges of all courts shall be liable to impeachment ; 
but for any reasonable cause, which shall not be sufficient ground for 
impeachment, the Governor shall remove any of them, on the address 
of a majority of the members elected to each house of the General 
Assembly. In every such case the cause or causes for which such removal 
may be required shall be stated at length in the address and inserted in 
the journal of each house. 

Art. 78. The judges both of the Supreme and inferior courts shall 
receive a salary which shall not be diminished during their continuance 
in office ; and they are prohibited from receiving any fees of office or other 
compensation than their salaries for any civil duties performed by them. 

Art. 79. The judges of the Supreme Court shall be appointed by 
the Governor, by and with the advise and consent of the Senate, for a 
term of eight years; the judges of the inferior courts for a term of six 
years. 

Art. 80. The clerks of the inferior courts shall be elected by the 
qualified voters of their several districts, and shall hold their offices dur- 
ing a term of four years. 

Art. 81. The Legislature shall have power to vest in clerks of 
courts authority to grant such orders and do such acts as may be deemed 
necessary for the furtherance of the administration of justice, and in all 
cases the powers thus granted shall be specified and determined. 

Art. 82. The jurisdiction of justices of the peace shall not exceed, 
in civil cases, the sum of one hundred dollars, exclusive of interest, sub- 
ject to appeal in such cases as shall be provided for by law. They shall 
be elected by the qualified voters of their several districts, and shall hold 
their office during a term of two years. They shall have such criminal 
jurisdiction as shall be provided by law. 

Art. 83. There shall be an Attorney General for the State, and 
as many district attorneys as the Legislature shall find necessary. The 
Attorney General shall be elected every four years, by the qualified 
voters of the State. He shall receive a salary of five thousand dollars 
per annum, payable on his own warrant, quarterly. The district attor- 
neys shall be elected by the qualified voters of their respective districts 
for a term of four years. They shall receive such salaries as shall be 
provided by the Legislature. 

Art. 84. A sheriff and a coroner shall be elected in each parish, 
by the qualified voters thereof, who shall hold their offices for the term 
of two years. The Legislature shall have power to increase the number 
of sheriffs in any parish. Should a vacancy occur in either of these 
offices subsequent to an election, it shall be filled by the Governor, and 
the person so appointed shall continue in office until his successor shall 
be elected and qualified. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1SC4. 120 

TITLE VX 

IMPEACHMENT. 

Art. 85. The power of impeachment shall be vested in the House 
of Representatives. 

Art. 86. Impeachments of the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, 
Attorney General, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, Auditor of Pub- 
lic Accounts and the judges of the inferior courts, justices of the peace 
excepted, shall be tried by the Senate; the Chief Justice of the Supreme 
Court, or the senior judge thereof, shall preside during the trial of such 
impeachment. Impeachments of the judges of the Supreme Court shall 
be tried by the Senate. When sitting as a court of impeachment, the 
Senators shall be upon oath or affirmation, and no person shall be con- 
victed without the concurrence of a majority of the Senators elected. 

Art. 87. Judgments, in case of impeachment, shall extend only to 
removal from office and disqualification from holding any office of honor, 
trust or profit under the State; but the convicted parties shall, neverthe- 
less, be subject to indictment, trial and punishment according to law. 

Art. 88. All officers against whom articles of impeachment may be 
preferred, shall be suspended from the exercise of their functions during 
the pendency of such impeachment; the appointing power may make a 
provisional appointment to replace any suspended officer until the de- 
cision of the impeachment. 

Art. 89. The Legislature shall provide by law for the trial, punish- 
ment and removal from office of all other officers of the State by indict- 
ment or otherwise. 

TITLE VII. 

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 

Art. 90. Memebers of the General Assembly, and all officers, before 
they enter upon the duties of their offices, shall take the following oath 
or affirmation : 

"I, (A B), do solmenly swear (or affirm) that I will support the 
Constitution and laws of the United States and of this State, and that I 
will faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties in- 
cumbent on me as according to the best of my abilities 

and understanding, so help me God." 

Art. 91. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying 
war against it or in adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and com- 
fort. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of 
two witnesses to the same overt act, or his own confession in open court. 

Art. 92. The Legislature shall have power to declare the punish- 
ment of treason; but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of 
blood or forfeiture except during the life of the person attainted. 

Art. 93. Every person shall be disqualified from holding any office 
of trust or profit in this State and shall be excluded from the right of 



130 CONSTITUTION OF 1864. 

suffrage who shall have been convicted of treason, perjury, forgery, 
bribery or other high crimes or misdemeanors. 

Art. 94. All penalties shall be proportioned to the nature of the 
offense. 

Art. 95. The privilege of free suffrage shall be supported by laws 
regulating elections, and prohibiting, under adequate penalties, all undue 
influence thereon from power, bribery, tumult or other improper practices. 

Art. 96. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in pur- 
suance of specific appropriation made by law; nor shall any appropriation 
of money be made for a longer term than two years. A regular state- 
ment and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public moneys 
shall be published annually in such manner as shall be prescribed by 
law. 

Art. 97. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to pass such 
laws as may be proper and necessary to decide differences by arbitration. 

Art. 98. All civil officers of the State at large shall be voters of 
and reside within the State; and all district or parish officers shall be 
voters of and reside within their respective districts or parishes, and 
shall keep their offices at such places therein as may be required by law. 

Art. 99. All civil officers shall be removable by an address of a 
majority of the members elected to both houses, except those the removal 
of whom has been otherwise provided by this Constitution. 

Art. 100. In all elections by the people, the vote shall be taken by 
ballot; and in all elections by the Senate and House of Representatives, 
jointly or separately, the vote shall be given viva voce. 

Art. 101. No member of Congress, nor any person holding or exer- 
cising any office of trust or profit under the United States, or under any 
foreign power, shall be eligible as a member of the General Assembly, 
or hold or exercse any office of trust or profit under the State. 

Art. 102. None but citizens of the United States shall be appointed 
to any office of trust or profit in this State. 

Art. 103. The laws, public records, and the judicial and legislative 
written proceedings of the State shall be promulgated, preserved and con- 
ducted in the language in which the Constitution of the United States is 
written, 

Art. 104. No power of suspending the laws of this State shall be 
exercised, unless by the Legislature or by its authority. 

Art. 105. Prosecutions shall be by indictment or information. The 
accused shall have a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the 
parish in which the offense shall have been committed. He shall not be 
compelled to give evidence against himself; he shall have the right of 
being heard by himself or counsel; he shall have the right of meeting the 
witnesses face to face, and shall have compulsory process for obtaining 
witnesses in his favor. He shall not be twice put in jeopardy for the 
same offense. 

Art. 106. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless 
for capital offenses, where the proof is evident or presumption great; or, 



CONSTITUTION OF 18G4. 131 

unless after conviction for any offense or crime punishable with death or 
imprisonment at hard labor. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus 
shall not be suspended unless, when in cases of rebellion or invasion, the 
public safety may require it. 

Art. 107. Excessive bail shall not be required; excessive fines shall 
not be imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted. 

Art. 108. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, 
houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures 
shall not be violated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, 
supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place 
to be searched and the person or thing to be seized. 

Art. 109. No ex post facto or retroactive law, nor any law impair- 
ing the obligations of contracts, shall be passed, nor vested rights be 
divested, unless for purposes of public utility and for adequate compen- 
sation previously made. 

Art. 110. All courts shall be open ; and every person, for any injury 
done him in his lands, goods, person or reputation, shall have remedy by 
due course of law, and right and justice administered without denial or 
unreasonable delay. 

Art. 111. The press shall be free; every citizen may freely speak, 
write and publish his sentiments on all subjects — being responsible for an 
abuse of this liberty. 

Art. 112. The Legislature shall not have power to grant aid to 
companies or associations of individuals, except to charitable associa- 
tions, and to such companies or associations as are and shall be formed 
for the exclusive purpose of making works of internal improvement, 
wholly or partially within the State, to the extent only of one-fifth of 
the capital of such companies, by subscription of stock or loan in money 
or public bonds; but any aid thus granted shall be paid to the company 
only in the same proportion as the remainder of the capital shall be 
actually paid in by the stockholders of the company ; and, in case of loan, 
such adequate security shall be required as to the Legislature may seem 
proper. No corporation or individual association, receiving the aid of 
the State, as herein provided, shall possess banking or discounting privi- 
leges. 

Art. 113. No liability shall be contracted by the State, as above 
mentioned, unless the same be authorized by some law for some single 
object or work, to be distinctly specified therein, which shall be passed 
by a majority of the members elected to both houses of the General 
Assembly; and the aggregate amount of debts and liabilities incurred 
under this and the preceding article shall never at any time exceed eight 
millions of dollars. 

Art. 114. Whenever the Legislature shall contract a debt exceeding 
in amount the sum of one hundred thousand dollars, unless in case of 
war, to repel invasion or suppress insurrection, they shall, in the law 
creating the debt, provide adequate ways and means for the payment of 
the current interest and of the principal when the same shall become due. 



132 CONSTITUTION OF 1864. 

And the said law shall be irrepealable until principal and interest are 
fully paid and discharged, or unless the repealing law contains some 
other adequate provision for the payment of the principal and. interest 
of the debt. 

Art. 115. The Legislature shall provide by law for all change of 
venup. in civil and criminal cases. 

Art. 116. The Legislature shall have the power to license the selling 
of lottery tickets and the keeping of gambling houses; said houses, in 
all cases, shall be on the first floor, and kept with open doors; but in all 
cases not less than ten thousand dollars per annum shall be levied as a 
license or tax on each vendor of lottery tickets, and on each gambling 
house and five hundred dollars on each tombola. 

Art. 117. The Legislature may enact general laws regulating the 
adoption of children, emancipation of minors, changing of names and 
the granting of divorces; but no special laws shall be enacted relating 
to particular individual cases. 

Art. 118. Every law enacted by the Legislature shall embrace but 
one object, and that shall be expressed in the title." 

Art. 119. No law shall be revived or amended by reference to its 
title; but in such case the act revived or section amended shall be re- 
enacted and published at length. 

Art. 120. The Legislature shall never adopt any system or code 
of laws by general reference to such system or code of laws ; but in all 
cases shall specify the several provisions of the laws it may enact. 

Art. 121. Corporations shall not be created in this State by special 
laws, except for political or municipal purposes; but the Legislature 
shall provide by general law for the organization of all other corporations, 
except corporations with banking or discounting privileges, the creation, 
renewal or extension of which is hereby prohibited. 

Art. 122. In case of the insolvency of any bank or banking asso- 
ciation, the bill holders thereof shall be entitled to preference in pay- 
ment over all other creditors of such bank or association. 

Art. 123. No person shall hold or exercise, at the same time, more 
than one civil office of trust or profit, except that of justice of the peace. 

Art. 124. Taxation shall be equal and uniform throughout the 
State. All property shall be taxed in proportion to its value, to be 
ascertained as directed by law. The General Assembly shall have power 
to exempt from taxation property actually used for church, school or 
charitable purposes. The General Assembly shall levy an income tax 
upon all persons pursuing any occupation, trade or calling, and all such 
persons shall obtain a license, as provided by law. All tax on income 
shall be pro rata on the amount of income or business done. 

Art. 125. The Legislature may provide by law in what case officers 
shall continue to perform the duties of their offices until their successors 
shall have been inducted into office. 

Art. 126. The Legislature sh&U have power to extend this Consti- 
tution and the jurisdiction of this State over any territory acquired by 



CONSTITUTION OF 1864. J33 

compact with any State, or with the United States, the same being done 
by consent of the United States. 

Art. 127. None of the lands granted by Congress to the State of 
Louisiana for aiding in constructing the necessary levees and drains, 
to reclaim the swamp and overflowed lands of the State, shall be diverted 
from the purposes for which they were granted. 

Art. 128. The Legislature shall pass no law excluding citizens of 
this State from office for not being conversant with any language except 
that in which the Constitution of the United States is written. 

Art. 129. No liability, either State, parochial or municipal, shall 
exist for any debts contracted for or in the interest of the rebellion 
against the United States Government. 

Art. 130. The seat of Government shall be and remain at New 
Orleans, and shall not be removed without the consent of a majority of 
both houses of the General Assembly. 

Art. 131. The Legislature may determine the mode of filling va- 
cancies in all offices for which provision is not made in this Constitution. 

Art. 132. The Legislature shall pass no law requiring a property 
qualification for office. 

TITLE VIII. 

CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS. 

Art. 133. The citizens of the City of New Orleans shall have th© 
right of appointing the several public officers necessary for the adminis- 
tration of the police of said city, pursuant to the mode of elections which 
shall be prescribed by the Legislature; provided, that the mayor and 
recorders shall be ineligible to a seat in the General Assembly. And the 
mayor and recorders shall be commissioned by the Governor as justices 
of the peace, and the Legislature may vest in them such criminal juris- 
diction as may be necessary for the punishment of minor offenses and 
as the police and good of said city may require. 

The City of New Orleans shall maintain a police, which shall be uni- 
formed with distinction of grade, to consist of permanent citizens of the 
State of Louisiana, to be selected by the mayor of the city, and to hold 
office during good behavior, and removable only by a police commission, 
composed of five citizens and the mayor, who shall be president of the 
board. The commission to be appointed by the Governor of the State 
for the term of two years, at a salary of not less than one thousand dol- 
lars per annum; a majority of whom shall remove for delinquencies. 
Members of the police, when removed, shall not again be eligible to any 
position on the police for a term of one year. 

Interfering or meddling in elections in any manner will be a sufficient 
cause for instant dismissal from the police by the board. 

The chief of police shall give a penal bond in the sum of ten thou- 
sand dollars; lieutenants of police, five thousand dollars; sergeants and 
clerks, each three thousand dollars ; corporals, two thousand dollars, and 
privates one thousand dollars, with good and solvent security, as the law 
directs, for the faithful performance of their duties. 



134 CONSTITUTION OP 1864. 

The various officers shall receive a salary of not less than the fol- 
lowing rates: 

The chief of police . .$250 per month. 

The lieutenants of police 150 per month. 

The sergeants of police 100 per month. 

The clerks of police 100 per month. 

The corporals of police 90 per month. 

The privates (day and night) each 80 per month. 

TITLE IX. 

LABOR ON PUBLIC WORKS. 

Art. 134. The Legislature may establish the price and pay of foremen, 
mechanics, laborers and others employed on the public works of the State 
or parochial or city governments; provided, that the compensation to be 
paid all foremen, mechanics, cartmen and laborers employed on the pub- 
lic works under the government of the State of Louisiana, City of New 
Orleans, and the police juries of the various parishes of the State, shall 
not be less than as follows, viz.: Foremen, $3.50 per day; mechanics, 
$3.00 per day; cartmen, $3.50 per day; laborers, $2.00 per day. 

Art. 135. Nine hours shall constitute a day's labor for all mechan- 
ics, artisans and laborers employed on pubilc works. 

TITLE X. 

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 

Art. 136. There shall be appointed by the Governor a State Engin- 
eer, skilled in the theory and practice of his profession, who shall hold 
his office at the seat of government for the term of four years. He shaU 
have the superintendence and direction of all public works in which the 
State may be interested, except those made by joint stock companies, or 
such as may be under the parochial or city authorities exclusively, and 
not in conflct with the general laws of the State. He shall communicate 
to the General Assembly, through the Govenor, annually, his views con- 
cerning the same, report upon the condition of the public works in prog- 
ress, recommend such measures as in his opinion the public interest of 
the State may require, and shall perform such other duties as may be 
prescribed by law. His salary shall be five thousand dollars per annum, 
until otherwise provided by law. The mode of appointment, number and 
salary of his assistants shall be fixed by law. The State Engineer and 
assistants shall give bonds for the performance of their duties as shall 
be prescribed by law. 

Art. 137. The General Assembly may create internal improvement 
districts, composed of one or more parishes, and may grant a right to the 
citizens thereof to tax themselves for their improvements. Said internal 
improvement districts, when created, shall have the right to select com- 
missioners, shall have power to appoint officers, fix their pay, and regulate 
all matters relative to the improvements of their districts, provided such 
improvements will not conflict with *the general laws of the State. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1864. 135 

Art. 138. The General Assembly may grant aid to said districts 
©ut of the funds arising from the swamp and overflowed lnnds granted to 
the State by the United States for that purpose, or otherwise. 

Art. 139. The General Assembly shall have the right of abolishing 
the office of State Engineer, by a majority vote of all the members elected 
to each branch, and of substituting a board of public works in lieu 
thereof, should they deem necessary. 

TITLE XI. 

PUBLIC EDUCATION. 

Art. 140. There shall be elected a Superintendent of Public Educa- 
tion, who shall hold his office for the term of four years. His duties shall 
be prescribed by law, and he shall receive a salary of four thousand dol- 
lars per annum until otherwise provided by law; provided, that the Gen- 
eral Assembly shall have power ,by a vote of a majority of the member? 
elected to both houses, to abolish the said office of Superintendent of 
Public Education whenever in their opinion said office shall be no longe 7 * 
necessary. 

Art. 141. The Legislature shall provide for the education of all 
children of the State between the ages of six and eighteen years, by main- 
tenance of free public schools by taxation or otherwise. 

Art. 142. The general exercises in the common schools shall be con- 
ducted in the English language. 

Art. 143. A university shall be established in the City of New 
Orleans. It shall be composed of four faculties, to-wit : One of law, one 
of medicine, one of the natural sciences and one of letters. The Legis- 
lature shall provide by law for its organization and maintenance. 

Art. 144. Th proceeds of all lands heretofore granted by the United 
States to this State for the use or purpose of the public schools, and of 
all lands which may hereafter be granted or bequeathed for that purpose, 
and the proceeds of the estates of deceased persons to which the State 
may become entitled by law, shall be and remain a perpetual fund on 
which the State shall pay an annual interest of six per cent., which inter- 
est, together with the interest of the trust funds, deposited with the 
State by the United States, under the Act of Congress approved June 
23, 1836, and all the rents of the unsold lands shall be appropriated to the 
purpose of such schools, and the appropriation shall remain inviolable. 

Art. 145. All moneys arising from the sales which have been or 
may hereafter be made of any lands heretofore granted by the United 
States to this State for the use of a specific seminary of learning, or 
from any kind of a donation that may hereafter be made for that purpose, 
shall be and remain a perpetual fund, the interest of which, at six per 
cent, per annum, shall be appropriated to the promotion of literature 
and the arts and sciences; and no law shall ever be made diverting said 
funds to any other use than to the establishment and improvement of 
said seminary of learning; and the General Assembly shall have power 
to raise funds for the organization and support of said seminary of learn- 
ing in such manner as it may deem proper. 



136 CONSTITUTION OF 1864. 

Art. 146. No appropriation shall be made by the Legislature for 
the support of any private school or institution of learning whatever, but 
the highest encouragement shall be granted to pubilc schools throughout 
the State. 

TITLE XII. 

MODE OF REVISING THE CONSTITUTION. 

Art. 147. Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may 
be proposed in the Senate or House of Eepresentatives ; and, if the same 
shall be agreed to by a majority of the members elected to each house, 
such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their jour- 
nals, with the yeas and nays taken thereon. Such proposed amendment 
or amendments shall be submitted to the people at an election to be 
ordered by said Legislature and held within ninety days after the ad- 
journment of the same, and after thirty days' publication, according to 
law; and, if a majority of the voters at said election shall approve and 
ratify such amendment or amendments, the same shall become a part of 
the Constitution. If more than one amendment be submitted at a time, 
they shall be submitted in such manner and form that the people may 
vote for or against each amendment separately. 

TITLE XIII. 

SCHEDULE. 

Art. 148. The Constitution adopted in 1852 is declared to be super- 
seded by this Constitution; and, in order to carry the same into effect, 
it is hereby declared and ordained as follows: 

Art. 149. All rights, actions, prosecutions, claim and contracts, as 
individuals as of bodies corporate, and all laws in force at the 
time of the adoption of this Constitution, and not inconsistent therewith, 
shall continue as if the same had not been adopted. 

Art. 150. In order that no inconvenience may result to the public 
service from the taking effect of this Constitution, no officer shall be 
superseded thereby; but the laws of this State relative to the duties of 
the several officers, executive, judicial and military, except those made 
void by military authority and by the ordinance of emancipation, shall 
remain in full force, though the same be contrary to this Constitution, 
and the several duties shall be performed by the respective officers of the 
State according to the existing laws "until the organization of the Govern- 
ment under this Constitution, and the entering into office of the new 
officers to be appointed under said Government, and no longer. 

Art. 151. The Legislature shall provide for the removal of all 
causes now pending in the Supreme. Court or other courts of the State 
under the Constitution of 1852 to courts created by or under this Con- 
stitution. 

TITLE XIV. 

ORDINANCE. 

Art. 152. Immediately after the adjournment of the Convention, 



CONSTITUTION OF 1864. 137 

the Governor shall issue his proclamation directing the several officers 
of this State, authorized by law to hold elections, or, in default thereof, 
such officers as he shall designate, to open and hold polls in the several 
parishes of the State, at the places designated by law, on the first Monday 
of September, 1864, for the purpose of taking the sense of the good people 
of this State in regard to the adoption or rejection of this Constitution; 
and it shall be the duty of said officers to receive the suffrages of all 
qualified voters. Each voter shall express his opinion by depositing in 
the ballot box a ticket whereon shall be written "The Constitution ac- 
cepted," or "The Constitution rejected." At the conclusion of the said 
election, the officers and commissioners appointed to preside over the 
same shall carefully examine and count each ballot as deposited, and 
shall forthwith make due return thereof to the Secretary of State, in 
conformity to the provisions of law and usages in regard to elections. 

Art. 153. Upon the receipt of said returns, or on the third Monday 
of September, if the returns be not sooner received, it shall be the duty 
of the Governor, the Secretary of State, the Attorney General and the 
State Treasurer, in the presence of all such persons as may choose to 
attend, to compare the votes at the said election for the ratification or 
rejection of this Constitution, and, if it shall appear at the close that 
a majority of all the votes given is for ratifying this Constitution, then 
it shall be the duty of the Governor to make proclamation of the fact, 
and thenceforth this Constitution shall be ordained and established as the 
Constitution of the State of Louisiana. But whether this Constitution 
be accepted or rejected, it shall be the duty of the Governor to cause to 
be published the result of the polls, showing the number of votes cast in 
each parish for and against this Constitution. 

Art. 154. As soon as a general election can be held under this Con- 
stitution in every parish of the State, the Governor shall, by proclama- 
tion, or, in case of his failure to act, the Legislature shall, by resolution, 
declare the fact, and order an election to be held on a day fixed in said 
proclamation or resolution, and within sixty days from the date thereof, 
for Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Treas- 
urer, Attorney General and Superintendent of Education. The officers 
so chosen shall, on the fourth Monday after their election, be installed 
into office, and shall hold their offices for the terms prescribed in this 
Constitution, counting from the second Monday in January next preced- 
ing their entering into office, in case they do not enter into office on that 
date. The terms of office of the State officers elected on the twenty-sec- 
ond day of February, 1864, shall expire on the installation of their suc- 
cessors, as herein provided for ; but under no state of circumstances shall 
their term of office be construed as extending beyond the length of terms 
fixed for said offices in this Constitution; and, if not sooner held r the 
election of their successors shall take place on the first Monday of No- 
vember, 1867, in all parishes where the same can be heljd, ,i;he officers 
elected on that date to enter into office on the second Monday in January, 
1868. 



138 



CONSTITUTION OF 1864. 



Art. 155. This Constitution shall be published in three papers to 
be selected by the President of the Convention, whereof two shall publish 
the same in English and French, and one in German, from the period 
of the adjournment of the Convention until the election for ratification 
or rejection on the first Monday of September, 1864. 

(Signed) E. H. DURELL, 

President of the Constitutional Convention of the State of Louisiana. 



O. W. Austin, 
John T. Barrett, 
Joseph G. Baum, 
Kaphael Beauvais, 
Robert Bradshaw Bell, 
Young Burke, 
Emile Collin, 
A. Cazabat, 
Terrence Cook, 

F. M. Crozat, 
R. King Cutler, 
John L. Davies, 
James Duane, 
Joseph Dupaty, 
H. C. Edwards, 
James Ennis, 
W. R. Fish, 

G. H. Flagg, 
Patrick Harnan, 
Edmond Flood, 
John Foley, 

G. A. Fosdick, 
James Fuller, 
George Geier, 
Jos. Gorlinski, 
Jeremiah J. Healy, 
Jos. H. Balch, 
Edward Hart, 
Thomas Ong, 
John Henderson, Jr., 
Robert W. Bennie, 
Alfred C. Hills, 
John Sullivan, 
William H. Hire, 
George Howes, 
M. D. Kavanagh, 
P. A. Kugler, 
William Davis Mann, 
Xavier Maurer, 



John P. Montamat, 

Robert Morris, 

Edward Murphy, 

M. W. Murphy, 

Lucien P. Normand, 

P. K. O'Conner, 

John Payne, 

Eudaldo G. Pintado, 

O. H. Poynot, 

John Purcell, 

Samuel Pursell, 

J. B. Schroeder, 

Martin Schnurr, 

William H. Seymour, 

Alfred Shaw, 

Charles Smith, 

John Spellicy, 

William Tompkins Stocker, 

J. H. Stiner, 

C. W. Stauffer, 

J. Randall Terry, 

T. B. Thorpe, 

John Buckley, Jr., 

John W. Thomas, 

Ernest J. Wenck, 

W. H. Waters, 

Thomas M. Wells, 

Joseph Hamilton Wilson, 

John A. Newell, 

Robert W. Taliaferro, 

M. F. Bonzano, 

H. Millspaugh, 

Louis Gastinel, 

Joseph V. Bofill, 

Benjamin H. Orr, 

Geo. F. Brott, 

John K. Cook, 

H. Maas. 

JOHN E. NEELIS, Secretary. 



Constitution of 1868 

Adopted at New Orleans, March 11, 1868. 



PREAMBLE. 

We, the people of Louisiana, in order to establish justice, 
insure domestic tranquility, promote the general welfare and 
secure the blessings of liberty -to ourselves and our posterity, do 
ordain and establish this Constitution. 

CONSTITUTION. 
TITLE I. 

BILL OF RIGHTS. 

Article 1. All men are created free and equal, and have CertaIn 
certain inalienable rights: among these are life, liberty, and inalienable 

rights 

the pursuit of happiness. To secure these rights, governments 

are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the Government. 

consent of the governed. 

Art. 2. All persons, without regard to race, color, or pre- 
vious condition, born or naturalized in the United States, and citizens of 
subject to the jurisdiction thereof, and residents of this State the state - 
for one year, are citizens of this State. The citizens of this Allegiance 
State owe allegiance to the United States; and this allegiance the' United 
is paramount to that which they owe to the State. They shall ^ond ' to th« 
enjoy the same civil, political, and public rights and privileges, State, 
and be subject to the same pains and penalties. 

Art. 3. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary 
servitude in this State, otherwise than for the punishment of fioTSSed 
crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. 

Art. 4. The press shall be free ; every citizen may freely 
speak, write, and publish his sentiments on all subjects, being speech and of 
responsible for the abuse of this liberty. the press ' 

Art. 5. The right of the people peaceably to assemble Rlght f as _ 
and petition the Government or any department thereof, shall sembling and 
never be abridged. pe 



140 CONSTITUTION OP 1868 

Art. 6. Prosecutions shall be by indictment or informa- 

Prosecutions. tion. The accused shall be entitled to a speedy public trial by 

RhStsMrf"' ax> an i m P ar; tial jury of the parish in which the offense was com- 

cused. mitted, unless the venue be changed. He shall not be compelled 

to give evidence against himself; he shall have the right of 

being heard by himself or counsel; he shall have the right of 

meeting the witnesses face to face ,and shall have compulsory 

process for obtaining 'witnesses in his favor. He shall not be 

tried twice for the same offense. 

Art. 7. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient securi- 

Bail. ties, unless for. capital offenses where the proof is evident, or 

the presumption great, or unless after conviction, for any 

crime or offense punishable with death or imprisonment at 

Writ of hard labor. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall 

corpus no ^. j^ SUS p en( j e( j # 

Bail Pines Art. 8. Excessive bail shall not be required; excessive 

Punishments, fines shall not be imposed; nor cruel or unusual punishments 

inflicted. 
Searches and Art. 9. The right of the people to be secure in their per- 

seizures. sons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches 

Warrants, and seizures, shall not be violated ; and no warrant shall issue 
when to issue, j^ U p 0n probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and 
particularly describing the place to be searched, or the person 
or things to be seized. 
All courts Art. 10. All courts shall be open ; and every person for 

open for re- injury done him in his land, goods, person, or reputation, shall 
have adequate remedy by due process of law, and justice ad- 
ministered without denial of unreasonable delay. 

Art. 11. No law shall be passed fixing the price of man- 
ual labor. 

Art. 12. Every person has the natural right to worship 
No religious Q & according to the dictates of his conscience. No religious 

test shall be required as a qualification for office. 
Rights and Art. 13. All persons shall enjoy equal rights and privi- 

priviieges in leges upon any conveyance of a public character; and all 
veyances, etc. places of business or of public resort, or for which a license is 
required by either State, parish, or municipal authority, shall 
be deemed places of a public character, and shall be opened to 
the accommodation and patronage of all persons, without dis- 
tinction or discrimination on account of race or color. 
. Art. 14. The rights enumerated in this title shall not be 

expressed not construed to limit or abridge other rights of the people not 
o?hSr?gits. herein expressed. 

TITLE II. 

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 

power. Art. 15. The legislative power of the State shall be vested 



dress. 



Labor. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1868 141 

in two distinct branches, the one to De styled the House of 
Representatives, the other, the Senate; and both, the General 
Assembly of the State of Louisiana. 

Art. 16. The members of the House of Representatives Term of office 
shall continue in office for two years from the day of the clos- °t Represent- 
ing of the general election. 

Art. 17. Representatives shall be chosen on the first Representa _ 
Monday in November, every two years ; and the election shall tives, when 
be completed in one day. The General Assembly shall meet General As- 
annually on the first Monday in January, unless a different | n ^ b wnere ^to 
day be appointed by law ; and their sessions shall be held at the meet, 
seat of Government. 

Art. 18. Every elector under this Constitution shall be 
eligible to a seat in the House of Representatives; and every 
elector who has reached the age of twenty-five years shall be Eligilibiiity 
eligible to the Senate ; Provided, That no person shall be a a ti V e or Sen- 
Representative or Senator unless, at the time of his election, he ator - 
be a qualified elector of the Representative or Senatorial Dis- 
trict from which he is elected. 

Art. 19. Elections for members of the General Assembly Elections of 

shall be held at the several election precincts established by members of 

• ■ General As- 

law. sembly. 

Art. 20. Representation in the House of Representatives Representa- 
shall be equal and uniform, and, after the first General Assem- ^ io ° uniform 
bly elected under this Constitution, shall be ascertained and upon total 
regulated by the total population, each parish in the State popu at on ' 
being entitled to at least one Representative. A census of the Each parish 
State, by State authority, shall be taken in the year eighteen least one Rep- 
hundred and seventy-five, and every ten years thereafter. In resen atlve - 
case of informality, omission, or error in the census returns F?gi s T" Unl " 
from any parish or election district, the General Assembly may census for the 
order a new census taken in such parish or election district ; basis for ap- G 

but until the State census of eighteen hundred and seventy-five pprtionment 
i • c i' vi ' - -i ■ vi i - • -. i- i . * tlJ1 the year 

the apportionment ol the State shall be made on the basis of 1875. 

the census of the United States for the year eighteen hundred 

and seventy. 

Art. 21. The General Assembly, at the first session after 

the making of each enumeration, shall apportion the repre- The General 

sentation amongst the several parishes and Representative tppoSonrep- 

Districts, on the basis of the total population, as aforesaid. A resentation. 

representative number shall be fixed, and each parish and Rep-Representa- ; 

resentative District shall have as many Representatives as the tIve num ber. 

number of its total population will entitle it to have, and an Ad ditionai 

additional representative for any fraction exceeding one-half for^Inj? frac^ 

of the representative number. The number of Representatives oneYalf^tb^ 

shall never exceed one hundred and twenty, nor be less than representative 

• ,_ number, 

ninety. 



142 



CONSTITUTION OF 1868 



Number of ^ RT# 22# ^ nt ^ an apportionment shall be made in accord- 

Jtepresenta- ance with the provisions of article twenty, the representation 
POTtfonment'. i n the Senate and House of Representatives shall be as fol- 
lows: 



u 


3 


a 


4 


a 


2 


u 


2 


u 


1 


u 


2 


a 


1 


a 


2 


u 


3 




1 



For the parish of Orleans: 

First Representative Dist. 2 

Second 

Third 

Fourth 

Fifth 

Sixth 

Seventh " 

Eighth 

Ninth 

Tenth 

Orleans, right bank. 

Ascension 2 

Assumption 2 

Avoyelles 2 

Baton Rouge, East 3 

Baton Rouge, West 1 

Bienville 1 

Bossier 2 

Caddo 3 

Calcasieu 1 

Caldwell 1 

Carroll ..... 2 

Catahoula 1 

Claiborne 2 

Concordia 2 

DeSoto 2 

Feliciana, East 2 

Feliciana, West . 1 

Franklin 1 



Iberville 2 

Jackson 1 

Jefferson 4 

Lafayette 1 

Lafourche 2 

Livingston 1 

Madison 1 

Morehouse 1 

Natchitoches 2 

Ouachita 2 

Plaquemines 1 

Pointe Coupee 2 

Rapides 3 

Sabine 1 

St. Bernard 1 

St. Charles 1 

St. Helena 1 

St. James 2 

St. John Baptist 1 

St. Landry 4 

St. Martin 2 

St. Mary 2 

St. Tammany 1 



Tensas 
Terrebonne 

Union 

Vermilion . , 
Washington 
Winn 



Total, one hundred and one. 



Senatorial 
Districts. 



And the State shall be divided into the following Sena- 
torial Districts, to-wit : 

The First, Second, and Third Representative Districts of 
Senators. ' New Orleans, shall form one Senatorial District, and elect 

three Senators. 
Second : The Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Representative Districts of 

rwo Senators. jj ew Orleans, shall form one district, and elect two Senators. 

The Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Representative Districts 
Third : of New Orleans, and the parish of St. Bernard, shall form one 

Two Senators. district) and elect two" Senators. 



constitution OF 1868 143 

The Tenth Representative District of New Orleans shall Fourth 
form one district, and elect one Senator. One Senator. 

Orleans, right bank, and the parish of Plaquemines shall Flfth . 
form one district, and elect one Senator. ° n e Senator. 

The parishes of Jefferson, St. Charles, and St. John Bap- Slxth . 
tist shall form one district, and elect two Senators. Two Senators. 

The parishes of Ascension and St. James shall form one SeV enth : 
district, and elect one Senator. 0ne Senator. 

The parishes of Assumption, Lafourche, and Terrebonne Eighth : 
shall form one district, and elect two Senators. Two Senators. 

The parishes of Vermilion and St. Mary shall form one NInth . 
district, and elect one Senator. 0ne Senator. 

The parishes of Calcasieu, Lafayette, and St. Landry shall Tent h : 
form one district, and elect two Senators. Two Senates. 

The parishes of Livingston, St. Helena, Washington and Eleventh : 
St. Tammany shall form one district, and elect one Senator. ° ne Senator. 

The parishes of Pointe Coupee, East Feliciana, and West Twelfth : 
Feliciana shall form one district, and elect two Senators. Two Senators. 

The parish of East Baton Rouge shall form one district, Thirteenth • 
and elect one Senator. 0ne Senator. 

The parishes of West Baton Rouge, Iberville, and St. Fourteenth : 
Martin shall form one district, and elect two Senators. Two Senators. 

The parishes of Concordia and Avoyelles shall form one Fifteenth : 
district, and elect one Senator. ° ne Sena tor. 

The parishes of Tensas and Franklin shall form one dis- sixteenth : 
trict, and elect one Senator. ne enator - 

The parishes of Carroll, Madison, and Morehouse shall Seventeenth : 
form one district, and elect two Senators. ena or ^" 

The parishes of Ouachita and Caldwell shall form one Eighteenth : 
district, and elect one Senator. 0ne Senator. 

The parishes of Jackson and Union shall form one dis- Nineteenth : 
trict, and elect one Senator. ° ne Senator - 

The parishes of Bossier, Bienville, and Claiborne shall Twentieth : 
form one district, and elect two Senators. Two Senators. 

The parish of Caddo shall form one district, and elect one Twenty-first : 

Senator. ° ne Senator - 

The parishes of DeSoto, Natchitoches, and Sabine shall Tw enty- 
. n .. ' second: 

form one district, and elect two Senators. Two Senators 

The parish of Rapides shall form one district, and elect Twenty-third, 
one Senator. ° ne Senator. ' 

The parishes of Catahoula and Winn shall form one dis- Twenty- 
trict, and elect one Senator. One Senator. 

Tbirty-six Senators in all. 

Art. 23. The House of Representatives shall choose its officers of the 
Speaker and other officers. House. 



144 CONSTITUTION OF 1868 

■ . Art. 24. Electors, in all cases except treason, felony, or 

priviiege'i breach of the peace, shall be privileged from arrest during 
from arrest, ^qjj. a 1 tendance on, going to, and returning from elections. 

Art. 25. At its first session under this Constitution, *the 

General Assembly shall provide by law, that the names and 

- -.i<£?£ ': residence of all qualified electors shall be registered in order to 

Registration. ent i t le them to vote; but the registry shall be free of cost to 

- ~ the elector. 

:- Art. 26. No person shall be entitled to vote at any elec- 

tion held in this State, except in the parish of his residence 
ln g . • and at the election precinct in which he is registered; Pro- 

vided, That no voter in removing from one parish to another, 
shall lose the right to vote in the former, until he has acquired 
i if it in the latter. 

Art. 27. The members of the Senate shall be elected for 
Term of office ^ e term °f f° ur years; and, when assembled, the Senate shall 
x>f Senators, have power to choose its own officers, except as hereinafter pro- 
vided. 

Art. 28. The General Assembly shall divide the State 
dfstricts al * nto Senatorial Districts whenever it apportions representation 
in the House of Representatives. 

Art. 29. No parish shall be divided in the formation of a 
Districts, how Senatorial District, the parish of Orleans excepted ; and when- 
formed. ever a new parish shall be created, it shall be attached to the 
Senatorial District from which most of its territory is taken, 
or to another contiguous district, at the discretion of the Gen- 
eral Assembly ; but shall not be attached to more than one dis- 
Number of trict. The number of Senators shall be thirty-six, and they 
shall be apportioned among the Senatorial Districts according 
to the total population of said districts. 

Art. 30. In all apportionments of the Senate, the total 
« t • population of the State shall be divided by the number thirty- 

ratio, how six, and the result produced by this division shall be the Sena- 
obtained, torial ratio entitling a Senatorial District to a Senator. 
Single or<;on- Single or contiguous parishes shall be formed into districts 
ishes to com- having a population the nearest possible to the number entit- 
pose districts. ^ ng a district to a Senator ; and if the apportionment to make 
done when ap-a parish or district fall short of, or exceed the ratio, then a 
exceed^or* -district may be formed having not more than two Senators; 
fails short of but not otherwise. No new apportionment shall have the effect 
New * - of abridging the term of service of any Senator already elected 
tionment not at the time of making the apportionment. After an enumera- 
termof ser- ^ on nas been made, as directed in the twentieth article, the 
N° e i t b General Assembly shall not pass any law till an apportionment 

passed till of representation in both Houses of the General Assembly be 

after appor- „ i 

tionment made - 



CONSTITUTION OF 1868 145 

Art. 31. At the first session of the General Assembly, 
after this Constitution goes into effect, the Senators shall be senators 
divided equally by lot into two classes, the seats of the Senators ciJsses. lnt ° 
cf the first class to be vacated at the expiration of the term of 
the first House of Representatives; those of the second class, 
i>t the expiration of the term of the second House of Repre- Senat0 rs 
sentatives; so that one-half shall be chosen every two years chosen every 
successively. When a district shall have elected two Senators, 
their respective terms of office shall be determined by lot be- 
tween themselves. 

Art. 32. The first election for Senators shall be held at 
the same time with the election for Representatives ; and there- 
af ler there shall be elections of Senators at the same time with tioif 1 of° Sena"- 
each general election of Representatives, to fill the places of tors - 
those Senators whose term of office may have expired. 

Art. 33. Not less than a majority of the members of each 
house of the General Assembly shall form a quorum to transact Q UO rum. 
business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, 
and shall have full power to compel the attendance of absent 
members. Each House 

Art. 34. Each house of the General Assembly shall judge the "'quaufica- 
of the qualifications, election and returns of its members ; but ^^return^of 
a contested election shall be determined in such manner as its members, 
may be prescribed by law. Sections. 

Art. 35. Each house of the General Assembly may deter- Eacn House 
mine the rules of its proceedings, punish a member for disor- to determine 
derly conduct, and, with a concurrence of two-thirds, expel a punish and 
member ; but not a second time for the same offense. bers. 1 mem 

Art. 36. Each house of the General Assembly shall keep 
and publish weekly a journal of its proceedings; and the yeas Journal of 
and nays of the members on any question, at the desire of any yeas and nay's, 
two of them, shall be entered on the journal. 

Art. 37. Each house may punish, by imprisonment, any punishment 
person not a member, for disrespect and disorderly behavior in of persons not 
its presence, or for obstructing any of its proceedings; such 
imprisonment shall not exceed ten days for any one offense. 

Art. 38. Neither house shall adjourn for more than three Ad - ournmen t 
days, nor to any other place than that in which it may be sit- during ses- 
ting, during the sessions of the General Assembly, without the sions ' 
consent of the other. 

Art. 39. The members of the General Assembly shall 
receive from the public treasury a compensation for their ser- 
vices, which shall be eight dollars per day during their attend- ^"members. 11 
ance, going to and returning from the sessions of their respec- 
tive houses. This compensation may be increased, or dimin- 
ished by Jaw, but no alteration shall take effect during the 



146 CONSTITUTION OF 1868 

^ . period of service of the members of the House of Representa- 

Duration of . . ... 1 , . n ln . . , * _ _ 

session. tives by which such alteration shall have been made. No ses- 

sion shall extend beyond the period of sixty days, to date from 
its commencement; and any legislative action, had after the 
expiration of said period of sixty days, shall be null and void; 
but the first General Assembly that shall convene after the 
adoption of this Constitution, may continue in session for one 
hundred and twenty days. 
Freedom of Art. 40. The members of the General Assembly, in all 

arrest 61 ' 8 flomcases except treason, felony, or breach of the peace, shall be 
privileged from arrest during their attendance at the sessions 
of their respective houses, and going to or returning from the 
same; and for any speech or debate in either house, shall not 
be questioned in any other place. 

Art. 41. No Senator or Representative, during the term 

Representa- for which he was elected, nor for one year thereafter, shall be 

offices ^neTigf* a PP omte d to any civil office of profit under this State, which 

bie. shall have been created, or the emoluments of, which may have 

been increased during the time such Senator or Representative 

was in office. 

Art. 42. No bill shall have the force of a law, until on 
Formality of three several days it be read in each house of the General 
enacting laws. Assembly, and free discussion allowed thereon, unless four- 
fifths of the house where the bill is pending may deem it expe- 
dient to dispense with this rule. 

Art. 43. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in 

Revenue bills the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose 
to originate in .. . r ■ r .,, . , , . , ,, . , 

the House. amendments, as m other bills; provided, it shall not introduce 

Amendments an ^' matter, under the color of an amendment, which does not 
in the Senate, relate to raising revenue. 

Art. 44. The General Assembly shall regulate by whom 
tSon tS to°flii lec " anc ^ m w ^ at manner writs of election shall be issued to fill the 
vacancies. vacancies which may occur in either branch thereof. 

Art. 45. On the confirmation or rejection of the officers 
or rejection 11 to be appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent 
ti f ons° mina °^ ^ e Senate, the vote shall be by yeas and nays, and the 
names of the Senators voting for and against the appoint- 
ments, respectively, shall be entered on the journals to be kept 
for that purpose, and made public on or before the end of each 
session, 
turns made to Art. 46. Returns of all elections for members of the Gen- 
of e state retary era ^ A sseinD ly shall be made to the Secretary of State. 

Art. 47. In the year in which a regular election for a 
Senator of the United States is to take place, the members of 

Flection of fa e G ener al Assembly* shall meet in the hall of the House of 

United States . ^ . 

Senator. Representatives, on the second Monday following the meeting 

of the General Assembly, and proceed to said election. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1868 147 

TITLE III. 

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMET. 

Art. 48. The supreme executive power of the State shal! Execu tive 
be vested in a chief magistrate, who shall be styled the Gov- power of the 
ernor of the State of Louisiana. He shall hold his office during whom vested. 
the term of four years, and, together with the Lieutenant of er u\>vernor Ce 
Governor chosen for the same term, be elected as follows: The and Lieuten- 
qualifled electors for Representatives shall vote for Governor 
and Lieutenant Governor at the time and place of voting for 
Representatives; the returns of every election shall be sealed Election re- 
up and transmitted by the proper returning officer to the Sec- W hom made, 
retary of State, who shall deliver them to the Speaker of the j^Jjj;?? 1 to%x- 
House of Representatives on the second day of the session of amine' and 
the General Assembly then to be holden. The members of the TO tes. 
General Assembly shall meet in the House of Representatives 
to examine and count the votes. The person having the greatest 
number of votes for Governor, shall be declared duly elected ; Governor °and 
but in case of a tie vote between two or more candidates, one Lieutenant 
of them shall immediately be chosen Governor by joint vote of case of a tie. 
the members of the General Assembly. The person having the 
greatest number of votes polled for Lieutenant Governor, shall 
be Lieutenant Governor; but in case of a tie vote between 
two or more candidates, one of them shall be immediately 
chosen Lieutenant Governor by joint vote of the members of 
the General Assembly. 

Art. 49. No person shall be eligible to the office of Gov- persons eligi- 
ernor or Lieutenant Governor, who is not a citizen of the Jjg ce t s ° f h Gov- 
United States and a resident of this State two years next pre- ernor and 

!• i • t ,. Lieutenant 

ceding his election. Governor. 

Art. 50. The Governor shall be ineligible for the sue- _ . 

i« r • t i • Governor in- 

ceedmg tour years after the expiration of the time for which eligible for 
he shall have been elected. four years - 

Art. 51. The Governor shall enter on the discharge of . . 

his duties on the second Monday in January next ensuing his entry upon 
election, and shall continue in office until the Monday next |^ e gfofflce." 
succeeding the day that his successor shall be declared duly 
elected, and shall have taken the oath or affirmation required 
by the Constitution. 

Art. 52. No member of Congress, or any person holding Members of 
office under the United States Government, shall be eligible to-pnlted sta+<v3 

the office of Governor or Lieutenant Governor. officers ineli- 

gible. 
Art. 53. In case of impeachment of the Governor, his 

removal from office, death, refusal, or inability to qualify, or v ^ successor 

to discharge the powers and duties of his office, resignation or in office. 

absence from the State, the powers and duties of the office 

shall devolve upon the Lieutenant Governor for the residue of 



148 



CONSTITUTION OF 1868 



Successor in 
case of re- 
moval, etc., of 
both Governor 
and Lieuten- 
ant Governor. 
Lieutenant 
Governor, 



when to re- 
ceive the com- 
pensation of 
Governor. 



Lieutenant 
Governor 
President of 
the Senate. 



President 
pro tern. 



Salary of 
Governor. 



Salary of 

Lieutenant 

Governor. 



Reprieves, 
pardons, etc. 



Governor 
Commander- 
in-Chief. 



Nominating 
and a - in 
ing power of 
the Governor. 



Power of the 
Governor to 
fill vacancies. 



the term, or until the Governor, absent or impeached, shall 
return or be acquitted, or the disability be removed. The 
General Assembly may provide by law for the case of removal, 
impeachment, death, resignation, disability, or refusal to qual- 
ify, of both the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor, de- 
claring what officer shall act as Governor; and such officer 
shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or for 
the remainder of the term. 

Art. 54. The Lieutenant Governor, or officer discharg- 
ing the duties of Governor, shall, during his administration, 
receive the same compensation to which the Governor would 
have been entitled, had he continued in office. 

Art. 55. The Lieutenant Governor shall, by virtue oi 
his office, be President of the Senate, but shall vote only when 
the Senate is equally divided. Whenever he shall administer 
the Government, or shall be unable to attend as President of 
the Senate, the Senators shall elect one of their own members 
as President of the Senate for the time being. 

Art. 56. The Governor shall receive a salary of eight 
thousand dollars per annum, payable quarterly, on his own 
warrant. 

Art. 57. The Lieutenant Governor shall receive a salary 
of three thousand dollars per annum, payable quarterly, upon 
his own warrant. 

Art. 58. The Governor shall have power to grant re- 
prieves for all offenses against the State ; and, except in cases 
of impeachment, shall, with the consent of the Senate, have 
power to grant pardons, remit fines and forfeitures, after con- 
viction. In cases of treason, he may grant reprieves until the 
end of the next session of the General Assembly, in which the 
power of pardoning shall be vested. In cases when the pun- 
ishment is not imprisonment at hard labor, the party, upon 
being reprieved by the Governor, shall be released, if in actual 
custody, until final action by the Senate. 

Art. 59. He shall be commander in chief of the militia 
of this State, except when they shall be called into the service 
of the United States. 

Art. 60. He shall nominate, and, by and with the advice 
and consent of the Senate, appoint all officers whose offices are 
established by the Constitution, and whose appointments are 
not herein otherwise provided for; Provided, however, That 
the General Assembly shall have a right to prescribe the mode 
of appointment to all other offices established by law. 

Art. 61. The Governor shall have power to fill vacancies 
that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting 
commissions, which shall expire at the end of the next session 
thereof, unless otherwise provided for in this Constitution; 






CONSTITUTION OF 1868 1 D 

but no person who has been nominated for office and rejected 
by the Senate, shall be appointed to the same office during the 
recess of the Senate. 

Art. 62. He may require information in writing from information 
the officers in the executive department upon any subject '{J^o^ " 
relating to the duties of their respective offices. 

Art. 63. He shall, from time to time, give the General 
Assembly information respecting the situation of the State, h^ to ' 
and recommend to their consideration such measures as he j^Jbly * /ld 
may deem expedient. 

Art. 64. He may, on extraordinary occasions, convene 
the General Assembly at the seat of Government, or at a Governor to" 
different place, if that should have become dangerous from an JJ'aSjonna the 
enemy or from epidemic; and in case of disagreement be- General As- 
tween the two houses as to the time of adjournment, he may se 
adjourn them to such time as he may think proper, not exceed- 
ing four months. 

Art. 65. He shall take care that the laws be faithfully Execution of 
executed. the laws ' 

Art. 66. Every bill which shall have passed both houses, 
shall be presented to the Governor; if he approve, he shall Dutv °, f (;r , )V 

ffti i i n • • i i . i - - ernor in sign- 

Sign it ; if he do not, he shall return it, with his objections, to ing or vetoing 

the house in which it originated, which shall enter the objec- G^ferai as- 

tions at large upon its journal, and proceed to reconsider it. sembly 

If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of all the members 

present in that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be 

sent, with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall 

likewise be reconsidered; and if approved by two-thirds of 

the members present in that house, it shall be a law. But in 

such cases the vote of both houses shall be determined by yeas 

and nays, and the names of members voting for or against the 

bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. 

If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within five 

days after it shall have been presented to him, it shall be a 

law in like manner as if he had signed it; unless the General 

Assembly, by adjournment, prevents its return ; in which case 

the said bill shall be returned on the first day of the meeting 

of the General Assembly after the expiration of said five days. 

or be a law. 

Art. 67. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the 

concurrence of both houses may be necessary, except on a SeHpprova? 8 

question of adjournment, shall be presented to the Governor; of tno Gov 

and, before it shall take effect, be approved by him, or, being 

disapproved, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the members 

present. 



150 



CONSTITUTION OF 1868 



Secretary of 
State ; his 
term of oince 
and duties. 



Treasurer of 
the State and 
Auditor of 
Public 
Accounts. 



Terras of 
office. 

Secretary of 
State, Treas- 
urer and Aud- 
itor elective. 



Vacancies, 
how filled. 



Salaries. 



Commissions. 



Art. 68. There shall be a Secretary of State, who shall 
hold his office during the term for which the Governor shall 
have been elected. The records of the State shall be kept and 
preserved in the office of the Secretary; he shall keep a fair 
register of the official acts and proceedings of the Governor, 
and, when necessary, shall attest them; he shall, when re- 
quired, lay the said register, and all papers, minutes, and 
vouchers relative to his office, before either house of the Gen- 
eral Assembly, and shall perform such other duties as may be 
enjoined on him by law. 

Art. 69. There shall be a Treasurer of the State and an 
Auditor of Public Accounts, who shall hold their respective 
offices during the term of four years.- At the first election 
under this Constitution, the Treasurer shall be elected for 
two years. 

Art. 70. The Secretary of State, Treasurer and Auditor 
of Public Accounts shall be elected by the qualified electors of 
the State ; and in case of any vacancy, caused by the resigna- 
tion, death, or absence of the Secretary, Treasurer or Auditor, 
the Governor shall order an election to fill said vacancies; 
Provided, The unexpired term to be filled be more than twelve 
months. When otherwise, the Governor shall appoint a person 
to perform the duties of the office thus vacant until the ensu- 
ing general election. 

Art. 71. The Treasurer and the Auditor shall receive a 
salary of five thousand dollars per annum each. The Secre- 
tary of State shall receive a salary of three thousand dollars 
per annum. 

Art. 72. All commissions shall be in the name and by 
the authority of the State of Louisiana; and shall be sealed 
with the State seal, signed by the Governor, and countersigned 
by the Secretary of State. 



TITLE IV. 



JUDICIARY DEPARTMENT. 



Judicial 
power, how 
vested. 



Supreme 
C r urt. juris 
diction of. 



Art. 73. The judicial power shall be vested in a Supreme 
Court, in district courts, in parish courts, and in justices of 
the peace. 

Art. 74. The Supreme Court, except in cases hereinafter 
provided, shall have appellate jurisdiction only; which juris- 
diction shall extend to all cases when the matter in dispute 
shall exceed five hundred dollars; and to all cases in which the 
constitutionality or legality of any tax, toll, or impost of any 
kind or nature whatsoever, or any fine, forfeiture, or penalty 
imposed by a municipal corporation, shall be in contestation, 
whatever may be the amount thereof; and in such cases the 



CONSTITUTION OF 1868 151 

appeal shall be direct from the court in which the case origi- 
nated, to the Supreme Court; and in criminal cases, on ques- 
tions of law only, whenever the punishment of death, or im- 
prisonment at hard labor, or a fine exceeding three hundred 
dollars, is actually imposed. 

Art. 75. The Supreme Court shall be composed of one 

Chief Justice and four Associate Justices, a majority of whom Chief Justice 
i ii • rm svl. • j? t j.' i_ ii • and Associate 

shall constitute a quorum. Ihe Chief Justice shall receive a Justices. 

salary of seven thousand five hundred dollars, and each of the 

Associate Justices a salary of seven thousand dollars, annu- Salaries. 

ally, payable quarterly on their own warrants. The Chief 

Justice and the Associate Justices shall be appointed by the Appointment 

Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate, for the 

term of eight years. They shall be citizens of the United Qualifications. 

States, and shall have practiced law for five years, the last 

three thereof next preceding their appointment, in the State. 

The court shall appoint its own clerks, and may remove them point clerks! 

at pleasure. 

Art. 76. The Supreme Court shall hold its sessions in 
the city of New Orleans from the first Monday in the month Sessions oi 
of November to the end of the month of May. The General court - 
Assembly shall have power to fix the sessions elsewhere during 
the rest of the year; until otherwise provided, the sessions 
shall be held as heretofore. 

Art. 77. The Supreme Court and each of the judges Isgue of writg 
thereof, shall have power to issue writs of habeas corpus, at of habeas 
the instance of persons in actual custody, in cases when they corpus - 
may have appellate jurisdiction. 

Art. 78. No judgment shall be rendered by the Supreme 
Court, without a concurrence of a majority composing the tne judjes^to 
court. Whenever a majority cannot concur in consequence of judgments, 
the recusation of any member of the court, the judges not when concu'r- 
recused shall have power to call upon any judge or judges of Jossfb/e. im " 
the district courts, whose duty it shall be, when so called upon, 
to preside in the place of the judge or judges recused, and to 
aid in determining the case. 

Art. 79. All judges, by virtue of their office, shall be Jud „ es 
conservators of the peace throughout the State. The style of servators of 
all processes shall be " The State of Louisiana." All prosecu- style e or%ro- 
tions shall be carried on in the name and by the authority of ce F Q S s es ^ d s of 
the State of Louisiana, and conclude, "Against the peace and 
dignity of the same." 

Art. 80. The judges of all courts, whenever practicable, J? judgments, 
shall refer to the law, in virtue of which every definitive judg- refer to the 
men! is rendered; but in all cases they shall adduce the rea- law " 
sons on which their judgment is founded. , , 

Art. 81. The judges of all courts shall be liable to im- to Impeach- 
peachment for crimes and misdemeanors. For any reasonable {£ vai and ™ 



152 CONSTITUTION OF 1868 

cause, the Governor shall remove any of them, on the address 
of two-thirds of the members elected to each house of the 
G eneral Assembly. In every such case the cause or causes for 
which such removal may be required, shall be stated at length 
in the address and inserted in the journal of each house. 

Art. 82. No duties or functions shall ever be attached by 

Functions at- } aw i the Supreme and District Courts or the several judges 
tached to the ^ .,.., .., • t • i •» » 

Supreme and tnereoi, but such as are judicial; and the said judges are pro- 
courts, hibited from receiving any fees of office, or other compensa- 
tion than their salaries, for any official duties performed by 
them. 

Art. 83. The General Assembly shall divide the State 
state divided * nto Judicial districts, which shall remain unchanged for four 
into judicial years; and for each district court, one judge, learned in the 
law, shall be elected for each district by a plurality of the 
cou e rt d for r eac Q uanne d electors thereof. For each district there shall be one 
district, ex- district court, except in the parish of Orleans, in which the 
paris^of 1 " General Assembly may establish as many district courts as the 
Orleans. public interests may require. Until otherwise provided, there 

Seven district shall be seven district courts for the parish of Orleans, with 
parish 0°/ 6 the following original jurisdiction the First, exclusive crimi- 
orieans. lia \ jurisdiction; the Second, exclusive probate jurisdiction; 

Jurisdiction the Third, exclusive jurisdiction of appeals from justices of 
Ori?Sns Sh 0I tlle Peace; the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth and Seventh District 
Courts, exclusive jurisdiction in all civil cases, except probate, 
when the sum in contest is above one hundred dollars, exclu- 
sive of interest. These seven courts shall also have such fur- 
ther jurisdiction, not inconsistent herewith, as shall be confer- 
red by law. 
Number of The number of districts in the State shall not be less than 

trfcts ial diS " twe lve nor more than twenty. The clerks of the district courts 
clerks eiec- shall be elected by the qualified electors of their respective 
parishes, and shall hold their office for four years. 

Art. 84-. Each of said judges shall receive a salary to be 

salaries. fixed by law, which shall not be increased or diminished 

during his term of office, and shall never be less than five 

(Qualifications, thousand dollars. He must be a citizen of the United States, 

over the age of twenty-five years, and have resided in the State 

and practiced law therein for the space of two years next pre- 

Term.of office. ceding hig e i ect i on< The judges of the district courts shall 

hol3 their office for the term of four years. 

, . _. .. Art. 85. The district court shall have original jurisdic- 

Jurisdictlon ..,,.., , , . ,. , n 

of district tion in all civil cases, when the amount m dispute exceeds five 

courts. hundred dollars, exclusive of interest. In criminal cases their 

jurisdiction shall be unlimited. They shall have appellate 

jurisdiction in civil ordinary suits when the amount in dispute 

exceeds one hundred dollars, exclusive of interest. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1SC8 153 

Art. 86. For each parish court one judge shall be elected 
by the qualified electors of the parish, lie shall hold his office judge elective 
for the term of two years. He shall receive a salary and fees g|[™ of oftice - 
to be provided by law. Until otherwise provided, each parish 
judge shall receive a salary of one thousand two hundred dol- 
lars per annum and such fees as are established by law for 

clerks of districr courts. He shall be a citizen of the United^ „_ 

. . . . Qualifications. 

States and of this btate. 

Art. 87. The parish courts shall have concurrent juris- 
diction with the justices of the peace in all cases, when the of ri parisn° n 
amount in controversy is more than twenty-five dollars and courts in civil 
less than one hundred dollars, exclusive of interest. They 
shall have exclusive original jurisdiction in ordinary suits in 
all cases, when the amount in dispute exceeds one hundred 
dollars and does not exceed five hundred dollars; subject to an 
appeal to the distric; court in all cases, when the amount in 
contestation exceeds one hundred dollars, exclusive of interest. 
All successions shall be opened and settled in the parish 
courts ; and all suits in which, a succession is either plaintiff 
or defendant, may be brought either in the parish or district 
court, according to the amount involved. In criminal matters •Jurisdiction 
the parish courts shall have jurisdiction in all cases when the cases, 
penalty is not necessarily imprisonment at hard labor, or 
death, and when the accused shall waive trial by jury. They 
shall also have the power of committing magistrates, and such powers, 

other jurisdiction as may be conferred on them by law. There N 
shall be no trial by jury before the parish courts. jury. 

Art. 88. In all probate matters, when the amount in dis- 
pute shall exceed five hundred dollars, exclusive of interest, supreme 
the appeal shall be directly from the parish to trie Supreme court - 
Court. 

Art. 89. The Justices of the Peace shall be elected by the 
electors of each parish, in the manner to be provided by the peace elective. 
General Assembly. They shall hold office for the term of two compensation.' 
years, and their compensation' shall be fixed by law. Their Jurisdict.on. 
jurisdiction in civil cases shall not exceed one hundred dollars, 
exclusive of interest, subject to an appeal to the parish court 
in all cases, when the amount in dispute shall exceed ten dol- 
lars, exclusive of interest. They shall have such criminal 
jurisdiction as shall be provided for by law. 

Art. 90. If any case, when the judge may be recused, 
and when he is not personally interested in the matters in con- Jeedfnp'ln 1 " " 
testation, he shall select a lawyer, having the qualifications cas . p of recu- 
reqmred for a judge of his court, to try such cases. And when judge, 
the judge is personally interested in the suit, he shall call upon 
the parish or district judge, as the case may be, to try the case. 



154 CONSTITUTION OF 1868 

Art. 91. The General Assembly shall have power to vest 

Assembly may in the parish judges the right to grant such orders and to do 

ve Q t -es 1 tur- iSh sucn acts as ma y De deemed necessary for the furtherance of 

tner powers, the administration of justice; and in all cases the power, thus 

granted, shall be specified and determined. 

Art. 92. There shall be an Attorney General for the 
e¥ai° r eiective U ~ State who shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State 

at large. He shall receive a salary of five thousand dollars 

per annum, payable quarterly, on his own warrant, and shall 
District a.~or-hold his office for four years. There shall be a district attorney 
neys elective. f or eacn judicial district of the State, who shall be elected by 

the qualified electors of the judicial district. He shall receive 
terX^offixe. a salary of fifteen hundred dollars, payable quarterly, on his 

own warrant, and shall. hold his office for four years. 

iff and Art. 93. There shall be a sheriff and coroner elected by 

coroner the qualified electors of each parish, except the parish of 

elective. Orleans. In the parish of Orleans, there shall be elected by 

the qualified electors of the parish at large, one sheriff for the 
criminal court, who shall be the executive officer of said court, 
m the ^ai-ish and shall have charge of the parish prison. There shall also 
of 0l "^ ea r n | s be elected, by the qualified electors of the parish at large, one 
elective. sheriff who shall be the executive officer of the civil courts, and 

who shall perform all other duties heretofore devolving upon 
the sheriff of the Parish of Orleans, except those herein dele- 
gated to the sheriff of the criminal court. The qualified elec- 
^° th C e°ci?y r of tors of the City of New Orleans, residing below the middle of 
New Orleans Canal street, shall elect one coroner for that district ; and the 
Orleans. 1 qualified electors of the city of New Orleans, residing above 

the middle of Canal street, together with those residing in 
that part of the parish known as Orleans, right bank, shall 
Salaries an- elect one coroner for that district. All of said officers shall 
terms of ^j^ -j;heir office for two years, and receive such fees of office as 

may be prescribed by law. 

re _ Art. 94. No judicial powers, except as committing mag- 

stricted in istrates in criminal cases, shall be conferred on any officers 
of judicial 86 other than those mentioned in this title, except such as may be 
powers. necessary in towns and cities ; and the judicial powers of such 

officers shall not extend further than the cognizance of cases 
arising under the police regulations of towns and cities in the 
State. In any case where such officers shall assume jurisdic- 
tion over other matters than those which may arise under 
illegal as- police regulations, or under their jurisdiction as committing 

SUD ?P* io JJ ° f magistrates, they shall be liable to an action of damages, in 
jurisdiction. to ' J .. . ,.,. , ,. . - 

favor of the party injured or his heirs; and a verdict m favor 

of the party injured shall, ipso facto, operate a vacation of the 

office of said officer. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1868 155 

TITLE V. 

IMPEACHMENT. 

Art. 95. The power of impeachment shall be vested in impeachment, 
the House of Representatives. 

Art. 96. Impeachments of the Governor, Lieutenant Impeacnment8 
Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of State, Auditor of triable by L ue 
Public Accounts, State Treasurer, Superintendent of Public 
Education, and of the judges of the inferior courts, justices 
of the peace excepted, shall be tried by the Senate; the Chief Chief Justice 
Justice of the Supreme Court, or the senior associate judge Associate 1 * Jus- 
thereof, shall preside during the trial of such impeachments, tice to pre- 
Impeachments of the judges of the Supreme Court shall be 
tried by the Senate. When sitting as a Court of Impeachment, Senators t0 be 
the Senators shall be upon oath or affirmation, and no person ^° r n ma ° t ^ or 
shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the 
Senators present. 

Art. 97. Judgments in cases of impeachment shall extend Extent f 
only to removal from office and disqualification from holding judgments. 
any office of honor, trust or profit in the State; but the con- 
victed parties shall, nevertheless, be subject to indictment, 
trial and punishment according to law. 

TITLE VI. 

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 

Art. 98. Every male person of the age of twenty-one 
years or upwards, born or naturalized in the United States, Electors, 
and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, and a resident of this 
State one year next preceding an election, and the last ten 
days within the parish in which he offers to vote, shall be 
deemed an elector, except those disfranchised by this Consti- 
tution, and persons under interdiction. 

Art. 99. The following persons shall be prohibited from classes of 
voting and holding any office : All persons who shall have been {Janchised. 18 
convicted of treason, perjury, forgery, bribery, or other crime 
punishable in the penitentiary, and persons under interdiction. 

All persons who are estopped from claiming the right of 
suffrage by abjuring their allegiance to the United States Gov- 
ernment, or by notoriously levying war against it, or adhering 
to its enemies, giving them aid or comfort, but who have not 
expatriated themselves, nor have been convicted of any of the 
crimes mentioned in the first paragraph of this article, are 
hereby restored to the said right, except the following: Those 
who held office, civil or military, for one year or more, under 
the organization styled " The Confederate States of Amer- 



156 CONSTITUTION OF 1868 

ica ;" those who registered themselves as enemies of the United 
States; those who acted as leaders of guerrilla bands during 
the late rebellion ; those who, in the advocacy of treason, wrote 
or published newspaper articles or preached sermons during 
the late rebellion ; and those who voted for and signed an ordi- 
nance of secession in any State. 

No person included in these exceptions shall either vote or 
Certificate of hold office until he shall have relieved himself by voluntarily 
writing and signing a certificate setting forth that he acknowl- 
edge s the late rebellion to have been morally and politically 
wrong, and that he regrets any aid and comfort he may have 
i'iveii it; and he shall file the certificate in the office of the 
Secretary of State, and it shall be published in the official 
Persons aid- journal; Provided, That no person who, prior to the first of 
struction January, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, favored the execu- 

SSyi.ls^ 11 " lioii of tne laws of the United States, popularly known as the 
not disfran- Reconstruction Acts of Congress, and openly and actively 
assisted the loyal men of the State in their efforts to restore 
m a ima 0f facie° U i m;!isiaria to ner P 0Sltl0n m the Union, shall be held to be 
evidence of included among those herein excepted. Registrars of voters 
benefit of this shall take the oath of any such person as prima facie evidence 
proviso, f f-hg. f ac ^ fl^ h 8 j s entitled to the benefit of this proviso. 

Oath of office. Art. 100. Members of the General Assembly and all 

other officers, before they enter upon the duties of their offices, 
shall take the following oath or affirmation: "I, (A. B.), do 
solemnly swear (or affirm) that I accept the civil and political 
equality of all men, and agree not to attempt to deprive any 
person or persons, on account of race, color, or previous condi- 
tion, of any political or civil right, privilege, or immunity 
enjoyed by any other class of men: that I will support the 
Constitution and laws of the United States, and the Constitu- 
tion and laws of this State; and that I will faithfully and 
impartially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent 

on me as , according to the best of my ability and 

understanding. So help me God." 

_ _ . Art. 101. Treason against the State shall consist only 

Definition of . . . . n ., . . . . 

treason. Con- m levying war against it or adhering to its enemies, giving 
obtained. ° W ^ nem aid and comfort. ~No person shall be convicted of trea- 
son except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt 
act, or on his confession in open court. 

Penalties. Art. 102. All penalties shall be proportioned to the 

nature of the offense. 

Free buffrage, Art. 103. The privilege of free suffrage shall be sup- 

how protected. por (- e( ] by ] awB regulating elections and prohibiting under 

adequate penalties all undue influence thereon from power, 

bribery, iumult or other improper practice. 



CONSTITUTION OF 18G8 157 

Art. 7 04. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury Mo bmv 

but in pursuance of specific appropriations made by law. A drawn from 

statement and account of receipts and expenditures of all pub- tbe l '° :lsil| . v - 

lie moneys shall be made annually, in such maimer as shall ^expenditures 3 

prescribed l.j law; and the first General Assembly convening 

under this Constitution shall make a special appropriation 1.0 Debt of Con . 

liquidate whatever portion of the debt of this Convention may, stitutional 

^ . •ill- Convention, 

at that time, remain unpaid or unprovided tor. 

Art. 105. All civil officers of the State at large shall be Qualifications 
voters of and reside within the State; and all district or par- *? civfuSrs 
ish officers shall reside within their respective districts or par- 
ishes, and shall keep their offices at such place therein, as may 
be required by law. 

Art. 100. All civil officers shall be removable by an civil omcers 
address \f two-thirds of the members elect to each House of ^ e d ^J s e s d by 
the General Assembly, except those whose removal is other- Exception, 
wise provided for by this Constitution. 

Art. 107. In all elections by the people the vote shall be Ballot vote 
taken by ballot ; and in all elections by the Senate and House viva voce, 
of Representatives, jointly or separately, the vote shall be ' 
given viva voce. 

Art. 108. None but citizens of the United States and of Citlzens only 
this State shall be appointed to any office of trust or profit in eligible to 
this State. ° ffice - 

Art. 109. The laws, public records, and the judicial and 

legislative pioceedings of the State, shall be promulgated and and^rtse^va- 

preserved in the English language; and no law shall require tion of laws. 

judicial process to be issued in any other than the English 

language. 

Art. 110. No ex post facto or retroactive law, nor any 
, . . . . , ,.• . ' ini 1 Ex P° st facto 

law impairing the obligation of contracts, shall be passed; nor laws, vested 

vested rights be divested, unless for purposes of public utility * g s ' 

and for adequate compensation made. 

Art. 111. Whenever the General Assembly shall contract -,..., 
11 ,. . , - iiii 1 Restriction 

a debt exceeomg in amount the sum 01 one hundred thousand upon the 

dollars, unless in case of war to repel invasion or suppress General° As- 6 
insurrection, it shall, in the law creating the debt, provide jembiy to con- 
adequafe ways and means for the payment of the current 
interest and of the principal, when the same shall become due ; 
and the said law shall be irrepealable until principal and inter 
est be fully paid; or unless the repealing law contain some 
adequate provision for the payment of the principal and inter- 
est of the debt. 

Art 112, The General Assembly shall provide by law ^ n a °f e of 
for all change of venue in civil and criminal cases. 



158 CONSTITUTION OF 1868 

, ti Art. 118. The General Assembly may enact general laws 

Emancipation, regulating the adoption of children, emancipation of minors, 

and the granting of divorces; but no special law shall be 

passed relating to particular or individual cases. 

Title of laws. Art. 114. Every law shall express its object or objects in 

its title. 

. , Art. 135. ~No law shall be revived or amended by refer- 

Revival or , . , , . . . * . . 

amendment of ence to its titJe ; but m such case the revived or amended 

laws * section shall be re-enacted and published at length. 

Art. 116. The General Assembly shall never adopt any 
codes of laws, system or code of laws by general reference to such system or 
code of laws; but in all cases shall specify the several provis- 
ion? of the law it may enact. 
But one office Art. 117. No person shall hold or exercise, at the same 

t0 b e Se &t time, m0I 'e than one office of trust or profit, except that of 
Exception. justice of the peace or notary public. 

Art. 118. Taxation shall be equal and uniform through- 
ejua^and out the State. All property shall be taxed in proportion to its 
uniform. value, to be ascertained as directed by law. The General 

Exemptions. Assembly shall have power to exempt from taxation property 
actually used for church, school or charitable purposes. The 
Trades and General Assembly may levy an income tax upon all persons 

'__ pursuing any occupation, trade or calling. And all such 

persons shall obtain a license, as provided by law. All tax on 

income tax income shall be pro rata on the amount of income, or business 

. done. And all deeds of sale made, or that may be made by 

collectors of taxes, shall be received by courts in evidence as 

prima facie valid sales. The General Assembly shall levy a 

Poll tax. poll tax on all male inhabitants of this State, over twenty-one 

years old, for school and charitable purposes, which tax shall 

never exceed one dollar and fifty cents per annum. 

Debts in in- Art. 119. No liability, either State, parochial or muni- 

beiifon ^oid 6 " G *P a ^ sna ^ ex i st i' or an y debts contracted for, or in the 

interest of the rebellion against the United States Govern- 

mer- t. 

Certain va- ^ RT - ^®' ^ ne General Assembly may determine the 

cancies, mode mode of filling vacancies in all offices for which provision is 

mg * not made in this Constitution. 

No property ^R T 121 The General Assembly shall pass no law 

qualification . . „ . * * 

for office. requiring a property qualification for office. 

Officers to re- Art. 122. All officers shall continue to discharge the 

main in office duties of their offices, until their successors shall have been 

are inducted, inducted into office, except in cases of impeachment or sus- 
Exception. pension> 

Art. 123. The General Assembly shall provide for the 

Tied women, protection of the rights Qf married women to their dotal and 

paraphernal property, and for the registration of the same; 



CONSTITUTION OF 18G8 15'.> 

but no mortgage or privilege shall hereafter affect third 

parties, unless recorded in the parish where the property to be gages and 

affected is situated. The tacit mortgages and privileges now after January 

existing in this State shall cease to have effect against third 1 . 1870. 

persons after the first day of January, eighteen hundred and 

seventy, unless duly recorded. The General Assembly shall of^morfg^ges 

provide by law for the registration of all mortgages and aud privileges 

privileges. 

Art. 124. The General Assembly, at its first session 

under this Constitution, shall provide an annual pension for Pensions. 

the veterans of eighteen hundred and fourteen and eighteen 

hundred and fifteen, residing in the State. 

Art. 125. The military shall be in subordination to the Military 
. ., power, 

civil power. 

Art. 126. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly p aupers 

to make it obligatory upon each parish to support all paupers 

residing within its limits. 

Ajrt. 127. All agreements, the consideration of which.,, ... 
/~i p i t i -n i • i Lertain agree- 

was Uoniederate money, notes or bonds, are null and void ; ments void. 

and shall not be enforced by the courts of this State. 

Art. 128. Contracts for the sale of persons are null and £°f^* c i s not 
void, and shall not be enforced by the courts of this State. 

Art. 129. The State of Louisiana shall never assume Debts in aid 
nor pay any debt or obligation contracted or incurred in aid of tue rebel- 
of the rebellion; nor shall this State ever, in any manner, 
claim from the United States, or make any allowance or com- Slaves* 1011 
pensation for slaves, emancipated or liberated, in any w T ay 
whatever. 

Art. 130. All contracts made and entered into under 
the pretended authority of any government heretofore exist- Certain in 
ing in this State, by which children were bound out without dentures void, 
the knowledge or consent of their parents, are hereby declared 
null and void; nor shall any child be bound out to any one for 
any term of years, while either one of its parents lives, with- 
out the consent of such parent, except in cases of children 
legally sent to the house of correction. 

Art. 131. The seat of government shall be established at . 
'he city of New Orleans, and shall not be removed without the eminent, 
consent of two-thirds of the members of both houses of the 
General Assembly. 

Art. 132. All lands sold in pursuance of decrees of cUvkied ?nto 
courts shall be divided into tracts of from ten to fifty acres. tracts. 

Art. 133. No judicial powers shall be exercised by clerks Clerks of 
of courts. rourts - 

Art. 134. No soldier, sailor, or marine in the militarv U1 

i • fiTT-io ii-ii /• • Soldiers, sail- 

or naval service oi the united btates shall hereafter acquire ors and 

a residence in this State by reason of being stationed or doing marInes - 

duty in the same. 



160 



CONSTITUTION OF 1868 



Establishment 
and support 
of free 
sehols. 

Children ad- 
mitted. 



Exclusive 
schools. 



Restriction of 
powers of 
municipal cor- 
porations. 

Superintend- 
ent of tublic 
Education 
elective. 
Term of office. 



Duties. Salar 



School exer- 



School fund. 



Appropria-. 
tions to pri- 
vate schools 
and institu- 
tions. 

Funds appro- 
priated to 
free schools 
and Univer- 
sity of New 
Orleans. 



TITLE VII. 

PUBLIC EDUCATION. 

Art. 135. The General Assembly shall establish at least 
one free public school in every parish throughout the State, 
and shall provide for its support by taxation or otherwise. 
All children of this State, between the ages of six (6) and 
twenty-one (21), shall be admitted to the public schools or 
other institutions of learning sustained or established by the 
State, in common, without distinction of race, color, or pre- 
vious condition. There shall be no separate schools or insti- 
tutions of learning, established exclusively for any race by the 
State of Louisiana. 

Art. 136. No municipal corporation shall make any 
lules or regulations contrary to the spirit and intention of 
article one hundred and thirty-five (135). 

Art. 137. There shall be elected by the qualified voters 
of this State a Superintendent of Public Education, who shall 
hold his office for four years. Llis duties shall be prescribed 
by law, and he shall have the supervision and the general 
control of all public schools throughout the State. He shall 
receive a salary of five thousand dollars per annum, payable 
quarterly on his own warrant. 

Art. 138. The general exercises in the public schools 
shall be conducted in the English language. 

Art. 139. The proceeds of all lands heretofore granted 
by the United States for the use and support of public 
schools; and of all lands or other property which may here- 
after be bequeathed for that purpose; and of all lands which 
may be granted or bequeathed to the State, and not granted or 
bequeathed expressly for any other purpose, which may here- 
after be disposed of by the State; and the proceeds of all 
estates of deceased persons, to which the State may be enti- 
tled by law, shall be held by the State as a loan, and shall be 
and remain a perpetual fund on which the State shall pay an 
annual interest of six per cent., which interest, with the 
interest of the trust 'fund deposited with this State by the 
United States, under the act of Congress, approved June the 
twenty-third, eighteen hundred and thirty-six, and the ren + 
of the unsold lands, shall be appropriated to the support of 
such schools; and this appropriation shall remain inviolable. 

Art. 140. No appropriation shall be made by the 
General Assembly for the support of any private school or 
any private institution of learning whatever. 

Art. 141. One-half of the funds, derived from the poll 
tax herein provided for, shall be appropriated exclusively to 
the support of the free nublic schools throughout the State and 
the University of New Orleans. 



CONSTITUTION OF 186S lfi] 

Art. 142. A university shall be established and main- 
tained in the city of New Orleans. It shall be composed of a Establishment 
law, a medical, and a collegiate department, each with appro- JSndfof a 
priate faculties. The General Assembly shall provide by law University, 
for its organization and maintenance; Provided, That allFroviso. 
departments of this institution of learning shall be opened 
in common to all students capable of matriculating. No 
rules or regulations shall be made by the trustees, faculties, 
or other officers of said institution of learning, nor shall any 
laws be made by the General Assembly, violating the letter or 
spirit of the articles under this title. 

Art. 143. Institutions for the support of the insane, the Benevolent 
education and support of the blind and the deaf and dumb, institutions, 
shall always be fostered by the State, and be subject to such 
regulations as may be prescribed by the General Assembly. 

TITLE VIII. 

MILITIA. 

Art. 144. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly 
to organize the militia of the State; and all able-bodied male 
citizens, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, not 
disfranchised by the laws of the United States, and of this 
State, shall be subject to military duty. 

Art. 145. The Governor shall appoint all commissioned Appointment 
officers, subject to confirmation or rejection by the Senate, of commis- 
except the staff officers, who shall be appointed by their Exception, 
respective chiefs, and commissioned by the Governor. All 
militia officers shall take and subscribe to the oath prescribed Oath of office, 
for officers of the United States army and the oath prescribed 
for officers in this State. 

Art. 146. The Governor shall have power to call the 
militia into active service for the preservation of law and The militia, 
order, or when the public safety may require it. The militia, J h JJ, a ? a iled 
when in active service, shall receive the same pay and allow- lnt0 service, 
ances as officers and privates, as is received by officers and Their pay. 
privates in the United States army. 

TITLE IX. 

MODE OF REVISING THE CONSTITUTION. 



Constitution. 



Art. 147. Any amendment or amendments to this Con- Mod of 
stitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Repre- amending^ _th< 
sentatives, and if the same shall be agreed to by two-thirds 
of the members elected to each house, such proposed amend- 
ment or amendments shall be entered on their respec- 
tive journals, with the yeas and nays taken thereon; 



1G2 



CONSTITUTION OF 1868 



Amendments 



and the Secretary of State shall cause the same to 
be published, three months before the next general 
election for Representatives to the General Assembly, 
in at least one newspaper in every parish in the State, in 
which a newspaper shall be published. And such proposed 
amendment or amendments shall be submitted to the people 
at said election; and if a majority of the voters at said 
election shall approve and ratify such amendment or amend- 
ments, the same shall become a part of this Constitution. If 
more than one amendment shall be submitted at one time, 
they shall be submitted in such manner and form that the 
people may vote for or against each amendment separately. 



Ordinance of 
secession void 



Previous Con 

stitutions 

superseded. 



Rights, ac- 
tions, prose- 
cutions, 
claims con- 
tracts and 
laws remaiD 
ing in force. 



Exceptions. 



TITLE X. 

SCHEDULE. 

Art. 148. The ordinance of secession of the State of 
Louisiana, passed twenty-sixth of January, eighteen hundred 
and sixty-one, is hereby declared to be null and void. The 
Constitution adopted in eighteen hundred and sixty-four and 
all previous Constitutions in the State of Louisiana, are 
declared to be superseded by this Constitution. 

Art. 149. All rights, actions, prosecutions, claims, con- 
tracts, and all laws in force at the time of the adoption of 
this Constitution and not inconsistent therewith, shall con- 
tinue as if it had not been adopted; all judgments and 
judicial sales, marriages and executed contracts, made in 
good faith and in accordance with existing laws in this 
State, rendered, made, or entered into, between the twenty- 
sixth day of January, eighteen hundred and sixty-one, and 
the date when this Constitution shall be adopted, are hereby 
declared to be valid, except the following laws : 

"An Act to authorize the widening of the New Canal and 
Basin." Approved March fourteenth, eighteen hundred and 
sixty-seven. 

"An Act to amend and re-enact the one hundred and 
twenty-first section of an act entitled 'An Act relative to 
Crimes and Offenses.' " Approved December twentieth, 
eighteen hundred and sixty-five. 

"An Act for the punishment of persons for tampering 
with, persuading, or enticing away, harboring, feeding or 
secreting laborers, servants or apprentices." Approved 
December twenty-first, eighteen hundred and sixty-five. 

"An Act to punish, in certain cases, the employers of 
laborers and apprentices." Approved December twenty-first, 
eighteen hundred and sixty-five. 

"An Act in relation to* exemption from State, parish, and 
city taxes, for the years eighteen hundred and sixty-two, 



CONSTITUTION OF 1868 163 

eighteen hundred and sixty-three, eighteen hundred and sixty- 
four, and eighteen hundred and sixty-five, in certain cases." 
Certified sixteenth March, eighteen hundred and sixty-six. 

"An Act granting ferry privileges to C. K. Marshall, his 
heirs, or assigns." Approved March tenth, eighteen hundred 
and sixty-six. 

"An Act to authorize the Board of Levee Commissioners 
of the Levee District in the parishes of Madison and Carroll, 
to issue bonds," etc., etc. Approved March twenty-eighth, 
eighteen hundred and sixty-seven. 

Section third of "An Act to organize the Police of New 
Orleans, and to create a Police Board therein." Approved 
twelfth of February, eighteen hundred and sixty-six. 

Art. 150. The laws relative to the duties of officers shall Lawg to re 
remain in force, though contrary to this Constitution, and the main in force 
several duties be performed by the respective officers, until the officers, 
organization of the government under this Constitution. Removal of 

Art. 151. The General Assembly shall provide for the causes to the 
removal of causes now pending in the courts of this State to JSis" ConstUu- 
courts created by or under this Constitution. tion - 

TITLE XL 

ORDINANCE. 

Art. 152. Immediately upon the adjournment of this Ratification of 
Convention, this Constitution shall be submitted for ratifica- Cons titution. 
tion to the registered voters of the State, in conformity to the 
act of Congress, passed March second, eighteen hundred and 
sixty-seven, entitled "An Act to provide for the more efficient 
government of the rebel States," and the acts supplementary 
thereto. 

Art. 153. The election for the ratification of the Con- 
stitution shall be held on Friday and Saturday, the seven- Se Ct i-atif£[- 
teenth and eighteenth days of April, eighteen hundred and tion of this 
sixty-eight, at the places now prescribed by law ; and the polls 
shall be kept open from seven o'clock A. M. to seven o'clock 
P. M. At the election all those in favor of ratifying the 
Constitution, shall have, written or printed on their ballots, 
"For the Constitution;" and those opposed to ratifying the Form of bai- 
Constitution, shall have, written or printed on their ballots, 
"Against the Constitution." 

Art. 154. In order to establish a civil government, as 
required by act of Congress, passed March twenty-third, state. . judicial, 
eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, an election shall be held at KJal^offlcOTs" 
the same time and place at which the Constitution is sub- members of 
mitted for ratification, for all State, judicial, parish and Assembly and 
municipal officers, for members of the General Assembly, and Congressmen. 



164 



CONSTITUTION OF 1868 



Where quali- 
fied electors 
may vote. 



Proviso. 



for Congressional Representatives, at which election tL.: 
electors who are qualified under the reconstruction acts of 
Congress shall vote, and none others; Provided, That any 
elector shall be eligible to any office under any municipal 
corporation in this State. 

Art. 155. At the election for the ratification of the 
Constitution, and for officers of the civil government, as 
required by Congress, all registered electors may vote in any 
parish where they have resided for ten days next preceding 
said election, and at any precinct in the parish, upon presen- 
tation of their certificates of registration, affidavit, or other 
satisfactory evidence, that they are entitled to vote as regis- 
tered electors. 
The registrars Art. 156. The same registrars and commissioners who 
sioners ap- shall be appointed by the Commanding General of the Fifth 

P^ int o?-i^o Military District, to superintend the election for the ratifica- 

tne latmca- , . " /-v • " • -i-ni 

tion of the tion or rejection of the Constitution, shall, also, at the same 

^superintend tmie an d place, superintend the election for all officers and 
the election of Representatives herein ordered; Provided, They be authorized 
so to act by the Commanding General. And in case the Com- 
manding General should not so authorize said registrars and 
commissioners, the Committee of Seven, appointed by this 
Convention to take charge of the whole matter of the ratifica- 
tion of the Constitution and the election of civil officers, shall 
appoint one registrar for each parish in the State, except the 
parish of Orleans, and one in each district of the parish of 
Orleans, counting Orleans right bank as one district, who 
shall, each in his parish or district, appoint a sufficient 
number of commissioners of election to hold the said election 
for said civil officers and Representatives, at the same time and 
place, as herein provided for. 

Art. 157. Returns shall be made in duplicate, sworn to 
by the commissioners holding the election, and forwarded 
within three days thereafter to the registrars of the parish or 
district. The registrars shall immediately forward one copy 
of said returns to the Chairman of the Committee of Seven 
appointed by this Convention, who shall, within ten days after 
tiie last return has been received, make proclamation of thf 1 
result of said election. 

Art. 158. All civil officers thus elected shall enter upon 
the discharge of their duties on the second Monday after the 
return of their election shall have been officially promulgated, 
or as soon as qualified according to law, and shall continue 
in office for the terms of their respective offices herein pre- 
scribed, said terms to date from the first Monday in November 
following the electron. 



Form and 
transmission 
of returns. 



When the 
civu officers 
are to enter 
upon their 
duties. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1868 



1G: 



Art. 159. The General Assembly, elected under this 
Constitution, shall hold its first session in the City of New 
Orleans on the third Monday after the official promulgation 
aforesaid, and proceed, immediately upon its organization, to 
vote upon the adoption of the fourteenth amendment to the 
Constitution of the United States, proposed by Congress, and 
passed June thirteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-six; said 
General Assembly shall not have power to enact any law^ 
relative to the per diem of members, or any other subject, 
after organization, until said constitutional amendment shall 
have been acted upon. 

Art. 160. All registrars and commissioners, appointed 
under this Constitution, shall, before entering upon their 
duties, take and subscribe the oath of office prescribed by 
Congress, approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty- 
two, entitled "An Act to prescribe an oath of office;" the said 
oath of office shall be administered to each registrar by the 
Chairman of the Committee of Seven, and to each commis- 
sioner by the registrar appointing him. 

Art. 161. All registrars, commissioners, and other 
officers, necessary to carry into effect the provisions of this 
ordinance, except as otherwise provided for by the reconstruc- 
tion acts of Congress, shall be paid out of any funds raised 
by virtue of the tax ordinance, adopted by the Convention, 
December twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, 
not otherwise appropriated. 

JAMES G. TALIAFERRO, President. 



First .session 
ol ueueial 
Assembly. 



Adoption 
of the 

Fourteenth 
Amendment. 



Registrars 
and commis- 
sioners. 



Oath. 



Payment of 
registrars, 
commission- 
ers and other 
officers. 



C. C. Antoine, 
L. W. Baker, 
S. Belden, 
A. Bertonneau, 
W. Jasper Blackburn, 
O. C. Blandin, 
Hy. Bonseigneur, 
Emile Bonnefoi, 
Wm. Brown, 
Dennis Burrel, 
Wm. Butler, 
W. R. Crane, 
R. I. Cromwell, 
Samuel E. Cuney, 
A. J. Demarest, 
Charles Depasseau, 
P. G. Deslonde, 
Jos. Deslonde, 
Aug. Donato, Jr., 
David Douglas, 
gustave dupart, 



Ulger Dupart, 
C. B .H. Duplessis, 
j. b. esnard, 
Louis Erancois, 
Hy. W. Fuller, 
John Gair, 
R. G. Gardiner, 
Leopold Guichard, 
Peter Harper, 
John S. Harris, 
O. H. Hempstead, Jr., 
W. H. Hdzstand, 
J. H. Ingraham, 
R. H. Isabelle, 
Thos. Isabelle, 
Geo. H. Jackson, 
Simon Jones, 
Geo. Y. Kelso, 
J. B. Lewis, 
Richard Lewis, 
John Lynch, 



Members of 
the Conven- 
tion who 
signed the 
Constitution. 



166 



CONSTITUTION OF 1868 



James H. Landers, 
Victor M. Lange, 
Chas. Leroy, 
Frederick Marie, 
Thos. N. Martin, 
J. A. Massicot, 
Wm. K. Meadows, 
Benj. McLeran, 
W. L. McMillen, 
Milton Morris, 
S. E. Moses, 
Wm. Murrel, 
James Mushaway, 
Theophile Mahier, 
J. P. Newsham, 
Jos. C. Oliver, 
S. B. Packard, 
John Pierce, 
P. B. S. Pinchback, 
eobert poindexter, 
Curtis Pollard, 
Attest : 



Geo. W. Eeagan, 
Daniel H. Eeese, 
Fortune Eiard, 
D. D. Eiggs, 

J. H. A. EOBERTS, 
L. S. EODRIGUEZ, 

N. Schwab, 
Charles Smith, 
sosthene l. snaer, 
Hiram E. Steele, 
Chas. A. Thibaut, 
Ed. Tinchant, 
M. H. Twitchell, 
Napoleon Underwood, 
P. F. Valfroit, 
John B. Vandergriff, 
Michel Vidal, 
Eufus Waples, 
G. M. Wickliffe, 
Henderson Williams, 
David Wilson. 

WM. VIGEES, Secretary. 



New Orleans, La., March 11, 1868. 
I certify that the foregoing is a correct copy of the Con- 
stitution as taken from the official records of the Convention. 
HUGH J. CAMPBELL, Minute Clerk. 



AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION OF 1868. 

Ratified by the People of Louisiana at the General Election 
held on the Seventh Day of November, 1870. 

Art. 50. Abrogated and stricken out. 

Art. 99. No person shall hold any office, or shall be 
permitted to vote at any election, or to act as a juror, who, 
in due course of law, shall have been convicted of treason, per- 
jury, forgery, bribery or other crime punishable by imprison- 
ment in the Penitentiary, or who shall be under interdiction. 

Art. — . No person who, at any time, may have been a 
Collector of Taxes, whether State, parish or municipal, or 
who may have been otherwise intrusted with public money, shall 
be eligible to the General Assembly or to any office of profit or 
trust under the State Government, until he shall have obtained 
a discharge for the amount of such collections and for all 
public moneys with which he may have been intrusted. 

Art. — . Prior to the first day of January, one thousand 
debt t ° f State e ig nt hundred and ninety, the debt of the State shall not be so 
increased as to exceed twenty-five millions of dollars. 



Classes of 
persons dis 
franchised. 



Defaulters 
ineligible to 
office. 



Constitution of 1879 

Adopted at New Orleans. July 23, 187!). 



PREAMBLE. 



We, the people of the State of Louisiana, in order to establish 
justice, insure domestic tranquility, promote the general welfare, and 
secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, acknowledg- 
ing and invoking the guidance of Almighty God, the author of all good 
government, do ordain and establish this Constitution. 



BILL OF RIGHTS. 

Article 1. All government of right originates with the people, is 
founded on their will alone, and is instituted solely for the good of the 
whole, deriving its just powers from the consent of the governed. Its 
only legitimate end is to protect the citizen in the enjoyment of life, 
liberty and property. When it assumes other functions, it is usurpation 
and oppression. 

Art. 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, 
papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures 'shall not be 
violated, and no warrant shall issue except upon probable cause, sup- 
ported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be 
searched and the person or things to be seized. 

Art. 3. A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a 
free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be 
abridged. This shall not prevent the passage of laws to punish those who 
carry weapons concealed. 

Art. 4. No laws shall be passed respecting an establishment of 
religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom 
of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble 
and petition the government for redress of grievances. 

Art. 5. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in 
this State, otherwise than for the punishment of crime, whereof the 
party shall have been duly convicted. Prosecutions shall be by indict- 
ment or information; provided, that no person shall be held to answer 
for a capital crime unless on a presentment or indictment by a grand 
jury, except in cases arising in the militia when in actual service in time 
of war or public danger, nor shall any person be put twice in jeopardy of 



168 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

life or liberty for the same offense, except on his own application for a 
new trial, or where there is a mistrial, or a motion in arrest of judgment 
is sustained. 

Art. 6. No person shall be compelled to give evidence against 
himself in a criminal case or in any proceedings that may subject him to 
criminal prosecution, except where otherwise provided in this Constitu- 
tion, nor be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process 
of law. 

Art. 7. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right 
to a speedy public trial by an impartial jury, except that in cases where the 
penalty is not necessarily imprisonment at hard labor or death the 
General Assembly may provide for a trial thereof by a jury, less than 
twelve in number; provided, that the accused in every instance shall be 
tried in the parish wherein the offense shall have been committed, except 
in cases of change of venue. 

Art. 8. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the 
right to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation, to be 
confronted with the witnesses against him, to have compulsory process 
for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to defend himself, and to have 
the assistance of counsel and to have the right to challenge jurors per- 
emptorily, the number of challenges to be fixed by statute. 

Art. 9. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines be 
imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. All persons shall 
be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless for capital offenses, where the 
proof is evident or the presumption great ; or unless after conviction for 
any crime or offense punishable with death or imprisonment at hard 
labor. 

Art. 10. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be 
suspended, unless when, in case of rebellion or invasion, the public 
safety may "require it. 

Art. 11. All courts shall be open, and every person for injury don^ 
him in his rights, lands, goods, person or reputation shall have adequate 
remedy by due process of law and justice administered without denial or 
unreasonable delay. 

Art. 12. The military shall be in subordination to the civil power. 

Art. 13. This enumeration of rights sball not be construed to deny 
or impair other rights of the people not herein expressed. 

DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS. 

Art. 14. The powers of the government of the State of Louisiana 
shall be divided into three distinct departments, and each of them to be 
confided to a separate body of magistracy, to-wit: Those which are 
legislative to one, those which are executive to another, and those which 
are judicial to another. 

Art. 15. No one of these departments, nor any person or collection 
of persons holding office in one of them, shall exercise power properly 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. L69 

belonging- to either of the other, except in the instances hereinafter 
expressly directed or permitted. 

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 

APPORTIONMENT. 

Art. 10. Representation in the House of Representatives shall be 
equal and uniform, and shall be regulated and ascertained by the total 
population. Each parish shall have at least one Representative. The first 
enumeration to be made by the State authorities under this Constitution 
shall Le made in the year eighteen hundred and ninety," and subsequent 
enumerations shall be made every tenth year thereafter, in such manner 
as shall be prescribed by law, for the purpose of ascertaining the total 
population and the number of qualified electors in each parish and 
election district. At its first regular session after each enumeration, the 
General Assembly shall apportion the representation among the several 
parishes and election districts on the basis of the total population as 
aforesaid. A representative number shall be fixed, and each parish and 
election district shall have as many Representatives as the aggregate 
number of its population will entitle it to, and an additional Representa- 
tive for any fraction exceeding one-half the representative number. The 
number of Representatives shall not be more than ninety-eight, nor less 
than seventy. 

Art. 17. The General Assembly, in every year in which they shall 
apportion representation in the House of Representatives, shall divide 
the State into Senatorial districts. No parish shall be divided in the 
formation of a Senatorial district, the parish of "Orleans excepted. 
Whenever a new parish shall be created, it shall be attached to the 
Senatorial district from which most of its territory was taken, or to 
another contiguous district, at the discretion of the General Assembly, 
but -shall not be attached to more than one district. The number of 
Senators shall not be more than thirty-six nor less than twenty-four, and 
they shall be apportioned among the Senatorial districts according to the 
total population contained in the several districts. 

I RT. 18. Until an enumeration shall be made in accordance with 
articles 16 and 17, the State shall be divided into the following Senatorial 
districts, with the number of Senators hereinafter designaied to each 
district : 

The First Senatorial District shall be composed of the eighth and 
ninth wards of Orleans, and of the parishes of St. Bernard and Plaque- 
mines, and shall elect two Senators. 

The Second District shall be composed of the fourth, fifth, s : xth and 
seventh wards of Orleans, and shall e'ect two Senators. 

The Third District shall be composer! of the third ward of Orleans, 
and shall elect one Senator. 

The Fourth District shall be composed of the second and fifteenth 
wards (Orleans right bank) of Orleans, and shall elect one Senator.. 



170 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

The Fifth District shall be composed of the first and tenth wards of 
Orleans, and shall elect one Senator. 

The Sixth District shall be composed of the eleventh, twelfth, thir- 
teenth, fourteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth wards of Orleans, and shall 
elect two Senators. 

The Seventh District shall be composed of the parishes of Jefferson, 
St. Charles and St. John the Baptist, and shall elect one Senator. 

The Eighth District shall be composed of the parishes of St. James 
and Ascension, and shall elect one Senator. 

The Ninth District shall be composed of the parishes of Terrebonne, 
Lafourche and Assumption, and shall elect two Senators. 

The Tenth District shall be composed of the parishes of St. Mary, 
Vermilion, Cameron and Calcasieu, and shall elect two Senators. 

The Eleventh District shall be composed of the parishes of St. 
Martin, Iberia and Lafayette, and shall elect one Senator. 

The Twelfth District shall be composed of the parish of St. Landry, 
and shall elect two Senators. 

The Thirteenth District shall be composed of the parishes of 
Avoyelles and Pointe Coupee, and shall elect one Senator. 

The fourteenth District shall be composed of the parishes of Iber- 
ville and West Baton Rouge, and shall elect one Senator. 

The Fifteenth District shall be composed of the parishes of East and 
West Feliciana, and shall elect one Senator. 

The Sixteenth District shall be composed of the parish of East 
Baton Rouge, and shall elect one Senator. 

The Seventeenth District shall be composed of the parishes of St. 
Helena, Livingston, Tangipahoa, Washington and St. Tammany, and 
shall elect one Senator. 

The Eighteenth District shall be composed of the parishes of Rapides 
and Vernon, and shall elect one Senator. 

The Nineteenth District shall be composed of the parishes of Natchi- 
toches, Sabine, DeSoto and Red River, and shall elect two Senators. 

The Twentieth District shall be composed of the parish of Caddo, 
and shall elect one Senator. 

The Twenty-first District shall be composed of the parishes of 
Bossier, Webster, Bienville and Claiborne, and shall elect two Senators. 

The Twenty-second District shall be composed of the parishes of 
Union, Morehouse, Lincoln and West Carroll, and shall elect two 
Senators. 

The Twenty-third District shall be composed of the parishes of 
Ouachita, Richland, Caldwell, Franklin and Jackson, and shall elect two 
Senators. 

The Twenty-fourth District shall be composed of the parishes of 
Catahoula, Winn and Grant, and shall elect one Senator. 

The Twenty-fifth District shall be composed of the parishes of Eas J . 
Carroll and Madison, and shall elect one Senator. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 171 

The Twenty-sixth District shall be composed of the parishes of 
Tensas and Concordia, and shall elect one Senator. 
Thirty-six (36) Senators in all. 

And the Representatives shall be apportioned among the parishes 
and representative districts, as follows: 

For the parish of Orleans — 

First Representative District, first ward, one Representative. 

Second Representative District, second ward, two Representatives. 

Third Representative District, third ward, three Representatives. 

Fourth Representative District, fourth ward, one Representative. 

Fifth Representative District, fifth ward, two Representatives. 

Sixth Representative District, sixth ward, one Representative. 

Seventh Representative District, seventh ward, two Representatives. 

Eighth Representative District, eighth ward, one Representative. 

Ninth Representative District, ninth ward, two Representatives. 

Tenth Representative District, tenth ward, two Representatives. 

Eleventh Representative District, eleventh ward, two Representatives. 

Twelfth Representative District, twelfth ward, two Representatives. 

Thirteenth Representative District, thirteenth and fourteenth wards, 
one Representative. 

Fourteenth Representative District, sixteenth and seventeenth 
wards, one Representative. 

Fifteenth Representative District, fifteenth ward, one Representative. 

The parishes of Ascension, West Baton Rouge, Bienville, Bossier, 
Calcasieu, Caldwell, Cameron, East Carroll, West Carroll, Catahoula, 
Concordia, West Feliciana, Franklin, Grant, Iberia, Jackson, Jefferson, 
Lafayette, Lincoln, Livingston, Morehouse, Ouachita, Plaquemines, 
Pointe Coupee, Red River, Richland, Sabine, St. Bernard, St. Charles, 
St. Helena, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Martin, St. Tammany, 
Tangipahoa, Union, Vermilion, Vernon, Washington, Webster and Winn, 
each one Representative. 

The parishes of Assumption, Avoyelles, East Baton Rouge, Caddo, 
Claiborne, DeSoto, East Feliciana, Iberville, Lafourche, Madison, 
Natchitoches, Rapides, St. Mary, Tensas, Terrebonne, each two Repre- 
sentatives. 

The parish of St. Landry, four Representatives. 

This apportionment of Senators and Representatives shall not be 
changed or altered in any manner until after the enumeration shall have 
been taken by the State in eighteen hundred and ninety, in accordance 
with the provisions of articles 16 and 17. 

GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 

Art. 19. The legislative power of the State shall be vested in a 
General Assembly, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Repre- 
sentatives. 



172 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

Art. 20. The style of the laws of this State shaii be: Be it enacted 
by the General Assembly of the State of Louisiana. 

Art. 21. The General Assembly shall meet at the seat of govern- 
ment on the second Monday of Jiiay, 1882, at 12 o'clock noon, and 
biennially thereafter. Its first session under this Constitution may 
extend to a period of ninety days,* but any subsequent session may be 
limited to a period of sixty days. Should a vacancy occur in either 
house, the Governor shall order an election to fill such vacancy for the 
remainder of the term. 

Art. 22. Every elector under this Constitution shall be eligible to a 
seat in the House of Representatives, and every elector who has reached 
the age of twenty-five years shall be eligible to the Senate; provided, that 
no person shall be eligible to the General Assembly unless at the time of 
his election he has been a citizen of the State for five years and an; 
actual resident of the district or parish from which he may be elected for 
two years immediately preceding his election, ihe seat of any member 
who may change his residence from the district or parish which he repre- 
sents" shall thereby be vacated, any declaration of a retention of domicile 
to the contrary notwithstanding; and members of the General Assembly 
shall be elected for a term of four years. 

Art. 23. Each house shall judge of the qualifications, election and 
returns of its own members, choose its own officers (except President of 
the Senate), determine the rules of its proceedings, and may punish its 
members for disorderly conduct and contempt, and, with the concurrence 
of two-thirds of all its members elected, expel a member. 

Art. 24. Either house, during the session, may punish by imprison- 
ment any person not a member who shall have been guilty of disrespect 
by disorderly and contemptuous behavior; but such imprisonment shall 
not exceed ten days for each offense. 

Art. 25. No Senator or Representative shall, during the term for 
which he was elected, nor for one year thereafter, be appointed or 
elected to any civil office of profit under this State which may have been 
created, or the emoluments of which may have been increased by the 
General Assembly during the time such Senator or Representative was a 
member thereof. 

Art. 26. The members of the General Assembly shall in all cases, 
except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest 
during their attendance at the sessions of their respective houses, and in 
going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in 
either house they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

Art. 27. The members of the General Assembly shall receive a 
compensation not to exceed four dollars per day during their attendance, 
and their actual traveling expenses going to and returning from the seat 
of government; but in no instance shall more than thirty dollars each 
way be allowed for traveling expenses. 

Art. 28. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and 
cause the same to be published immediately after the close of the 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 173 

session ; when practicable, the minutes of each day's session shall be 
printed and placed in the hands of members on the day following. The 
original journal shall be preserved, after publication, in the office of th^ 
Secretary of State, but there shall be required no other record thereof. 

Art. 29. Every law enacted by the General Assembly shall embrace 
but one object and that shall be expressed in the title. 

Art. SO. Xo law shall be revived or amended by reference to ita 
title, but in such cases the act revived or section as amended shall be 
re-enacted and published at length. 

Art. 31. The General Assembly shall never adopt any system or 
code of laws by general reference to such system or code of laws; but in 
all cases shall recite at length the several provisions of the laws it may 
enact. 

Art. 32. Not less than a majority of the members of each house of 
the General Assembly shall form a quorum to transact business, but a 
smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and shall have power to 
compel the attendance of absent members. 

Art. 33. Neither house during the sitting of the General Assembly 
shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, 
nor to any other place than that in which it may be sitting. 

Art. 34. The yeas and nays on any question in either house shall, 
at the desire of one-fifth of the members elected, be entered on the 
journal. 

Art. 35. All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall 
originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may propose or 
concur in amendments, as in other bills. 

Art. 36. No bill, ordinance or resolution, intended to have the 
effect of a law, which shall have been rejected by either house, shall be 
again proposed in the sarre house during the same session, under the 
same or any other title, without the consent of a majority of the house 
by which the same was rejected. 

Art. 37. Every bill shall be read on three different days in each 
house, and no bill shall be considered for final passage unless it has been 
read once in full, and the same has been reported on by a committee. 
Nor shall any bill become a law unless, on its final passage, the vote be 
taken by yeas and nays, the names of the members voting for or against 
the same be entered on the journal, and a majority of the members 
elected to each house be recorded thereon as voting in its favor. 

• Art. 38. No amendments to bills by one house shall be concurred in 
by the other, except by a vot° of a majority of the members elected 
thereto, taken by yeas and nays, and the names of those voting for or 
against recorded upon the journal thereof; and reports of committees of 
conference shall be adopted in either house only by a majority of the 
members elected thereto, the vote to be taken by yeas and nays, and the 
names of those voting for or against recorded upon the journal. 

Art. 39. Whenever a bill that has been passed bv both houses ha?, 
been enrolled and placed in possession of the house in which it originated 



174 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

the title shall be read and, at the request of any five members, the- 
bill shall be read in full, when the Speaker of the House of Repre- 
sentatives or the President of the Senate, as the case may be, shall act at 
once, sign it in open house, and the fact of signing shall be noted on the 
journal; thereupon the Clerk or Secretary shall immediately convey the 
bill to the other house, whose presiding officer shall cause a suspension 
of all other business to read and sign the bill in open session and without 
delay; as soon as bills are signed by the Speaker of the House and 
President of the Senate, they shall be taken at once, and on the same 
day, to the Governor by the Clerk of the House or Secretary of the 
Senate. 

Art. 40. No law passed by the General Assembly, except the general 
appropriation act, or act appropriating money for the expenses of the 
General Assembly, shall take effect until promulgated. A law shall be 
considered promulgated at the place where the State journal is published 
the day after the publication of such law in the State journal and in all 
other parts of the State twenty days after such publication. 

Art. 41. The clerical officers of the two houses shall be a Secretary 
of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives, with such 
assistants as may be necessary ; but the expenses for clerks and employees 
shall not exceed sixty dollars daily for the Senate nor seventy dollars 
daily for the House. 

Art. 42. AH stationery, printing, paper and fuel used in the legisla- 
tive and other departments of government shall be furnished, and the 
printing, binding and distributing of the laws, journals .and department 
reports, and all other printing and binding, and the repairing and fur- 
nishing the halls and rooms used for the meetings of the General 
Assembly and its committees, shall be done under contract, to be given to 
the lowest responsible bidder below such maximum price and under such 
regulations as shall be prescribed by law; provided, that such contracts 
shall be awarded only to citizens of the State. No member or officer of 
any of the departments of the government shall be in any way inter- 
ested in the contracts; and all such contracts shall be subject to the 
approval of the Governor, the President of the Senate and Speaker of the 
House of Representatives, or of any two of them. 

LIMITATION OF LEGISLATIVE POWERS. 

Art. 43. No money shall be drawn from the treasury except in pur- 
suance of specific appropriations made by law; nor shall any appropria- 
tion of money be made for a longer term than two years. A regular 
statement and account of receipts and expenditures of all public moneys 
shall be published every three months, in such manner as shall be pre- 
scribed by law. 

Art. 44. The General Assembly shall have no power to contract, or 
to authorize the contracting, of any debt or liability, on behalf of the 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 175 

State, or to issue bonds or other evidence of indebtedness thereof, except 
for the purpose of repelling invasion or for the repression of insurrection. 

Art. 45. The General Assembly shall have no power to grant, or to 
authorize any parish or municipal authority to grant, any extra com- 
pensation, fee or allowance to a public officer, agent, servant or con 
tractor, nor pay, nor authorize the payment, of any claim against the 
State, or any parish or municipality of the State, under any agreement 
or contract made without express authority of law; and all such 
unauthorized agreements or contracts shall be null and void. 

Art. 46. The General Assembly shall not pass any local or special 
law on the following specified objects: 

For the opening and conducting of elections, or fixing or changing 
the place of voting. 

Changing the names of persons. 

Changing the venue of civil or criminal cases. 

Authorizing the laying out, opening, closing, altering or maintaining 
roads, highways, streets or alleys, or relating to ferries and bridges, or 
incorporating bridge or ferry companies, except for the erection of 
bridges crossing streams which form boundaries between this and an^ 
other State. 

Authorizing the adoption or legitimation of children or the emanci 
pation of minors. 

Granting divorces. 

Changing the law of descent or succession. 

Affecting the estates of minors or persons under disabilities. 

Remitting fines, penalties and forfeitures or refunding moneys 
legally paid into the treasury. 

Authorizing the construction of street passenger railroads in anj 
incorporated town or city. 

Regulating labor, trade, manufacturing or agriculture. 

Creating corporations, or amending, renewing, extending' or explain- 
ing the charter thereof; provided, that this shall not apply to the cor- 
poration of the city of New Orleans, or to the organization of levee 
districts and parishes. 

Granting to any corporation, association or individual any special 
or exclusive right, privilege or immunity. 

Extending the time for the assessment or collection of taxes, or for 
the relief of any assessor or collector of taxes from the due performance 
of his official duties, or of his securities from liability; nor shall any 
such be passed by any political corporation of this State. 

Regulating the practice or jurisdiction of any court, or changing the 
rules of evidence in any judicial proceeding or inquiry before courts, or 
providing or changing methods for the collection of debts or the enforce- 
ment of judgments, or prescribing the effects of judicial sales. 

Exemption of property from taxation. 

Fixing the rate of interest. 

Concerning any civil or criminal actions. 



L7C CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

Giving effect to informal or invalid wills or deeds, or to any illegal 
disposition of property. 

Regulating the management of public schools, the building or 
repairing of school-houses, and the raising of money for such purposes. 

Legalizing the unauthorized or invalid acts of any officer, servant, 
agent of the State, or of any parish or municipality thereof. 

Art. 47. The General Assembly shall not indirectly enact specia, 
or local laws by the partial repeal of a general law; but laws repealing 
local or special laws may be passed. 

Art. 48. No local or special law shall be passed on any subject not 
enumerated in article 46 of this Constitution, unless notice of the inten- 
tion to apply therefor shall have been published, without cost to the State, 
in the locality where the matter or thing to be affected may be situated, 
which notice shall state the substance of the contemplated law, and shall 
be published at least thirty days prior to the introduction into . the 
General Assembly of such bill, and in the same manner provided by law 
for the advertisement of judicial sales. The evidence of such notice 
having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before 
such act shall be passed, and every such act shall contain a recital that 
such notice has been given. 

Art. 49. No Jaw shall be passed fixing the price of manual labor. 

Art. 50. Any member of the General Assembly who has a personal 
or private interest in any measure or bill proposed or pending before the 
General Assembly, shall disclose the fact to the house of which he is a 
member, and shall not vote thereon. 

Art. 51. No money shall ever be taken from the public treasury, 
directly or indirectly, in aid of any church, sect or denomination or 
religion, or in aid of any priest, preacher, minister or teacher thereof, 
as such, and no preference shall ever be given to, nor any discrimination 
made against any church, sect or creed, or religion, or any form of 
religious faith or worship, nor shall any appropriations be made for 
private, charitable or benevolent purposes to any person or community; 
provided, this shall not apply to the State asylums for the insane and 
deaf, dumb and blind, and the charity hospitals and public charitable 
institutions conducted under State authority. 

Art. 52. The General Assembly shall have no power to increase the 
expense of any office by appointing assistant officials. 

Art. 53. The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing but 
appropriations for the ordinary expenses of the government, interest on 
the public debt, public schools and public charities, and such bill shall be 
so itemized as to show for what account each and every appropriation 
shall be made. All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills, 
each embracing but one object. 

.Art. 54. Each appropriation shall be for a specific purpose, and no 
appropriation shall be made under the head or title of contingent; nor 
shall any officer or departrrent of government receive any amount from 
the treasury for contingencies or for a contingent fund. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 177 

Art. 55. No appropriation of money shall be made by the General 
Assembly in the last five days of the session thereof ; all appropriations to 
be valid, shall be passed and receive the signatures of the President of 
the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives five full days 
before the adjournment sine die of the General Assembly. 

Art. 56. The funds, credit, property or things of value of the State, 
or of any political corporation thereof, shall not be loaned, pledged or 
granted to or for any person or persons, association or corporation, 
public or private; nor shall the State, or any political corporation, pur- 
chase or subscribe to the capital or stock of any political corporation or 
association whatever, or for any private enterprise; nor shall the State, 
nor any political corporation thereof, assume the liabilities of any 
political, municipal, parochial, private or other corporation or association 
whatsoever; nor shall the State undertake to carry on the business of 
any such corporation or association, or become a part owner therein; 
provided, the State, through the General Assembly, shall have power to 
grant the right of way through its public lands to any railroad or canal. 

Art. 57. The General Assembly shall have no power to release or 
extinguish, or to authorize the releasing or extinguishing, in whole or in 
part, the indebtedness, liability or obligation of any corporation or 
individual to this State, or to any parish or municipal corporation 
therein; provided, the heirs to confiscated property may be released of all 
taxes due thereon at the date of its reversion to them. 

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 

Art. 58. The Executive Department shall consist of a Governor, 
Lieutenant Governor, Auditor, Treasurer and Secretary of State. 

Art. 59. The supreme executive power of the State shall be vested 
in a chief magistrate, who shall be styled the Governor of Louisiana. 
He shall hold his office during four years, and, together with the Lieu- 
tenant Governor, chosen for the same term, shall be elected as follows: 
The qualified electors for Representatives shall vote for a Governor and 
Lieutenant Governor at the time and place of voting for Representa- 
tives. 

The returns of every election for Governor and Lieutenant Governor 
shall be sealed up separately from the returns of election of other officers 
and transmitted by the proper officer of every parish to the Secretary of 
State, who shall deliver them, unopened, to the General Assembly then 
next to be holden. The members of the General Assembly shall meet on 
the first Thursday after the day on which they assemble, in the House of 
Representatives, to examine and count the votes. The person having the 
greatest number of votes for Governor shall be declared duly elected; 
but in case two or more persons shall be equal and highest in the number 
of votes polled for Governor, one of them shall be immediately chosen 
Governor by the joint vote of the members of the General Assembly. The 
person having the greatest number of votes for Lieutenant Governor shal 1 



178 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

be Lieutenant Governor; but if two or more persons shall be equal and 
highest in number of votes polled for Lieutenant Governor, one of them 
shall be immediately chosen Lieutenant Governor by a joint vote of the 
members of the General Assembly. 

Art. 60. No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor or 
Lieutenant Governor who shall not have attained the age of thirty years, 
been ten years a citizen of the United States, and resident of the State 
for the same space of time next preceding his election, or who shall be a 
member of Congress, or shall hold office under the United States at the 
time of, or within six months immediately preceding the election for 
such office. 

Art. 61. The Governor shall enter on the discharge of his duties 
the first Monday next ensuing the announcement by the General 
Assembly of the result of the election for Governor, and shall continue in 
office until the Monday next succeeding the day that his successor shall 
have been declared duly elected and shall have taken the oath or affirma- 
tion required by the Constitution. 

Art. 62. In case of the impeachment of the Governor, his removal 
from office, death, refusal or inability to qualify, disability, resignation or 
absence from the State, the powers and duties of the office shall devolve 
upon the Lieutenant Governor for the residue of the term, or until the 
Governor, absent or impeached, shall return or be acquitted or the 
disability be removed. In the event of the removal, impeachment, death, 
resignation, disability or refusal • to qualify of both the Governor or 
Lieutenant Governor, the President pro tempore of the Senate shall act 
as Governor until the disability be removed or for the residue of the 
term. 

Art. 63. The Lieutenant Governor, or officer discharging the duties 
of Governor, shall, during his administration, receive the same com- 
pensation to which the Governor would have been entitled had he con- 
tinued in office. 

Art. 64. The Lieutenant Governor shall, by virtue of his office, be 
President of the Senate, but shall have only a casting vote therein. The 
Senate shall elect one of its members as President pro tempore of the 
Senate. 

Art. 65. The Lieutenant Governor shall receive for his services a 
salary which shall be double that of a member of the General Assembly, 
and no more. 

Art. 66. The Governor shall have power to grant reprieves for all 
offenses against the State, and, except in cases of impeachment or 
treason, shall, upon the recommendation in writing of the Lieutenant 
Governor, Attorney General, and presiding judge of the court before 
which conviction was had, or of any two of them, have power to granr 
pardons, commute sentences, and remit fines and forfeitures after con- 
viction. In cases of treason he may grant reprieves until the end of the 
next session of the General Assembly, in which body the power of par- 
doning is vested. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 179 

Art. 67. The Governor shall receive a salary of four thousand 
dollars per annum, payable monthly on his own warrant. 

Art. 68. He shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate, appoint all officers whose offices are established by this 
Constitution, and whose appointments or elections are not herein other- 
wise provided for; provided, however, that the General Assembly shall 
have the right to prescribe the mode of appointment and election to al) 
offices created by it. 

Art. 69. The Governor shall have the power to fill vacancies that 
may happen during the recess of the Senate, in case not otherwise 
provided for in this Constitution, by granting commissions which shall 
expire at the end of the next session; but no person who has been nomin- 
ated for office and rejected shall be appointed to the same office during 
the recess of the Senate. The failure of the Governor to send into the 
Senate the name of any person appointed for office, as herein provided, 
shall be equivalent to a rejection. 

Art. 70. He may require information in writing from the officers in 
the executive department upon any subject relating to the duties of their 
respective offices. He shall be Commander in Chief of the militia of the 
State, except when they shall be called into the actual service of the 
United States. 

Art. 71. He shall, from time to time, give to the General Assembly 
information respecting the situation of the State, and recommend to its 
consideration such measures as he may deem expedient. 

Art. 72. He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, 
and he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene the General Assembly at 
the seat of government, or, if that should have become dangerous from 
an enemy or from an epidemic, at a different place. The power to 
legislate shall be limited to the objects enumerated specifically in the 
proclamation convening such extraordinary session; therein the Governor 
shall also limit the time such session may continue ; provided, it shall not 
exceed twenty days. Any legislative action had after the time so 
] ; mited, or as to other objects than those enumerated in said proclamation, 
shall be null and void. 

Art. 73. Every bill which shall have passed both houses shall be 
presented to the Governor. If he approve, he shall sign it ; if not, he shall 
return it, with his objection, to the house in which it originated, which 
house shall enter the objections at large upon the journal, and proceed to 
reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of all the 
members elected to that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, 
with the objections, to the other house, by which likewise it shall be 
reconsidered, and if passed by two-thirds of the members elected to that 
house, it shall be a law; but in such cases the votes of both houses shall 
be taken by yeas, and nays, and the names of the members voting for and 
against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. 
If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within five days after it 
shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner 



180 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

as if he had signed it, unless the General Assembly, by adjournment, 
shall prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. 

Art. 74. The Governor shall have power to disapprove of any item 
or items of any bill making appropriations of money embracing distinct 
items, and the part or parts of the bill approved shall be law, and the 
item or items of appropriation disapproved shall be void unless re-passed 
according to the rules and limitations prescribed for the passage of other 
bills over the Executive veto. 

Art. 75. Every order, resolution or vote to which the concurrence 
of both houses may be necessary, except on a question of adjournment, 
or on matters of parliamentary proceedings, or an address for removal 
from office, shall be presented to the Governor, and before it shall take 
effect be approved by him, or, being disapproved, shall be re-passed by 
two-thirds of the members elected to each house. 

Art. 76. The Treasurer, Auditor, Attorney General and Secretary 
of State shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State for the 
term of four years; and in case of vacancy caused by death, resignation 
or permanent absence of either of said officers, the Governor shall fill 
such vacancy by appointment, with the advice and consent of the 
Senate; provided, however, that notwithstanding such appointment, such 
vacancy shall be filled by election at the next election after the occurrence 
of the vacancy. 

Art. 77. The Auditor of Public Accounts shall receive a salary of 
two thousand five hundred dollars per annum ; the Treasurer shall receive 
a salary of two thousand dollars per annum, and the Secretary of State 
shall receive a salary of one thousand eight hundred dollars per annum. 
Each of the before named officers shall be paid monthly, and no fees or 
perquisites or other compensation shall be allowed to said officers; 
provided, that the Secretary of State may be allowed fees as may be 
provided by law for copies and certificates furnished to private persons. 

Art. 78. Appropriations for the clerical expenses of the officers 
named in the preceding article shall specify each item of such appro- 
priations; and shall not exceed in any one year, for the Treasurer, the 
sum of two thousand dollars; for the Secretary of State the sum of one 
thousand five hundred dollars; and for the Auditor of Public Accounts, 
the sum of four thousand dollars. 

Art. 79. All commissions shall be in the name and by the authority 
of the State of Louisiana, and shall be sealed with the State seal, signed 
by the Governor and countersigned by the Secretary of State. 

JUDICIARY DEPARTMENT. 

Art. 80. The judicial power shall be vested in a Supreme Court, in 
courts of appeal, in district courts and in justices of the peace. 

Art. 81. The Supreme Court, except in cases hereinafter provided, 
shall have appellate jurisdiction only, which jurisdiction shall extend to 
all cases when the matter in dispute, or the fund to be distributed, 
whatever may be the amount therein claimed, shall exceed one thousand 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 181 

dollars, exclusive of interest to suits for divorce and separation from 
bed and board, and to all cases in which the constitutionality or legality 
of any tax, toll or impost whatever, or of any fine, forfeiture or penalty 
imposed by a municipal corporation shall be in contestation, whatever 
may be the amount thereof, and in such cases the appeal on the law and 
the fact shall be directly from the court in which the case originated to 
the Supreme Court; and to criminal cases on questions of law alone, 
whenever the punishment of death or imprisonment at hard labor may be 
inflicted or a fine exceeding three hundred dollars ($300) is actually 
imposed. 

Art. 82. The Supreme Court shall be composed of one Chief 
Justice and four Associate Justices, a majority of whom shall constitute 
a quorum. The Chief Justice and Associate Justices shall each receive 
a salary of five thousand dollars ($5000) per annum, payable monthly on 
their own warrants. They shall be appointed by the Governor, by and 
with the advice and consent of the Senate. The first Supreme Court to 
be organized under this Constitution shall be appointed as follows : The 
Chief Justice for the term of twelve years ; one Associate Justice for the 
term of ten years; one for the term of eight years; one for the term of 
six years; one for the term of four years; and the Governor shall desig- 
nate in the commission of each the term for which such judge is 
appointed. In case of death, resignation or removal from office of any 
of said judges the vacancy shall be filled by appointment for the unex- 
pired term of such judge, and upon the expiration of the term of any 
such judges the office shall be filled by appointment for a term of 
twelve years. They shall be citizens of the United States and of the 
State, over thirty-five years of age, learned in the law, and shall have 
practiced law in this State for ten years preceding their appointment. 

Art. 83. The State shall be divided into four Supreme Court 
Districts, and the Supreme Court shall always be composed of judges 
appointed from said districts. The parishes of Orleans, St. John the 
Baptist, St. Charles, St. Bernard, Plaquemines and Jefferson shall com- 
pose the first district, from which two judges shall be appointed. 

The parishes of Caddo, Bossier, Webster, Bienville, Claiborne, 
Union, Lincoln, Jackson, Caldwell, Ouachita, Morehouse, Richland. 
Franklin, West Carroll, East Carroll, Madison, Tensas and Catahoub 
shall compose the second district, from which one judge shall be 
appointed. 

The parishes of DeSoto, Red River, Winn, Grant, Natchitoches, 
Sabine, Vernon, Calcasieu, Cameron, Rapides, Avoyelles, Concordia, 
Pointe Coupee, West Baton Rouge, Iberville, St. Landry, Lafayette and 
Vermilion, shall compose the third district, from which one judge shall be 
appointed. 

And the parishes of St. Martin, Iberia, St. Mary, Terrebonne, 
Lafourche, Assumption, St. James, Ascension, East Baton Rouge, East 
Feliciana, West Feliciana, St. Helena, Livingston, Tangipahoa, St. 



182 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

Tammany and Washington, shall compose the fourth district, from 
which one judge shall be appointed. 

Art. 84. The Supreme Court shall hold its sessions in the city of 
New Orleans from the first Monday in the month of November to the 
end of the month of May in each and every year. The General Assembly 
shall have power to fix the sessions elsewhere during the rest of the year. 
Until otherwise provided the sessions shall be held as heretofore. They 
shall appoint their own clerks and remove them at pleasure. 

Art. 85. No judgment shall be rendered by the Supreme Court 
without the concurrence of three judges. Whenever three members 
cannot concur, in consequence of the recusation of any member or 
members of the court, the judges not recused shall have authority to call 
on any judge or judges of the district courts, whose duty it shall be, 
when called upon, to sit in the place of the judge or judges recused, and 
to aid in the determination of the case. 

Art. 86. All judges, by virtue of their office, shall be conservators 
of the peace throughout the State. The style of all process shall be, 
; The State of Louisiana." All prosecutions shall be carried on in the 
name and by the authority of the State of Louisiana, and conclude: 
"Against the peace and dignity of the same." 

Art. 87. The judges of all courts, whenever practicable, shall refer 
to the law by virtue of which every definite judgment is rendered, but in 
all cases they shall adduce the reasons on which their judgment is 
founded. 

Art. 88. There shall be a reporter of the decisions of the Supreme 
Court, who shall report in full all cases which he may be required to 
report by law or by the court. He shall publish in the reports the title, 
numbers and head notes of all cases decided, whether reported in full or 
not. 

In all cases reported in full he shall make a brief statement of the 
principal points presented and authorities cited by counsel. 

He shall be appointed by a majority of the court, and hold his office 
and be removable at their pleasure. 

His salary shall be fixed by the court, and shall not exceed fifteen 
hundred dollars per annum, payable monthly on his own warrant. 

Art. 89. The Supreme Court and each of the judges thereof shall 
have power to issue writs of habeas corpus at the instance of all persons 
in actual custody in cases where it may have appellate jurisdiction. 

Art. 90. The Supreme Court shall have control and general super- 
vision over all inferior courts. They shall have power to issue writs of 
certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto and other remedial 
writs. 

Art. 91. The General Assembly shall provide for appeals from the 
district court to the Supreme Court upon questions of law alone, when 
the party or parties aggrieved desire only a review of the law. 

Art. 92. Except as herein provided, no duties or functions shall 
ever be attached by law to the gupreme Court, courts of appeal or 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 183 

district courts, or the several judges thereof, but such as are judicial, and 
the said judges are prohibited from receiving any fees of office or other 
compensation than their salaries for any official duties performed by 
them. No judicial powers, except as committing magistrates in criminal 
cases, shall be conferred on any officer other than those mentioned in this 
title; except such as may be necessary in towns and cities; and the 
judicial powers of such officers shall not extend further than the cogni- 
zance of cases arising under the police regulations of towns and cities in 
the State. 

Art. 93. The judges of all courts shall be liable to impeachment for 
crimes and misdemeanors. For any reasonable cause the Governor shall 
remove any of them on the address of two-thirds of the members elected 
to each house of the General Assembly. In every case the cause or 
causes for which such removal may be required shall be stated at length 
in the address, and inserted in the journal of each house. 

ATTORNEY GENERAL. 

Art. 94. There shall be an Attorney General for the State, who 
shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State at large every four 
years. He shall be learned in the law, and shall have actually resided 
and practiced law as a licensed attorney in the State five years next 
preceding his election. He shall receive a salary of three thousand 
dollars per annum, payable monthly on his own warrant. 

COURTS OF APPEAL. 

Art. 95. The courts of appeal, except in cases hereinafter provided, 
shall have appellate jurisdiction only, which jurisdiction shall extend to 
all cases, civil or probate, when the matter in dispute or the funds to be 
distributed shall exceed two hundred dollars, exclusive, of interest, and 
shall not exceed one thousand dollars, exclusive of interest. 

Art. 96. The courts of appeal shall be composed of two circuit 
judges, who shall be elected by the two houses of the General Assembly in 
joint session. The first judges of the courts of appeal under this Con- 
stitution shall be elected for the following terms: One judge for each 
court for the term of four years and one judge for the term of eight 
years. 

Art. 97. The State, with the exception of the parish of Orleans, 
shall be divided into five circuits, from each of which two judges shall be 
elected. Until otherwise provided by law, the parishes of Caddo, Bossier, 
Webster, Bienville, DeSoto, Red River, Claiborne, Union, Lincoln, 
Natchitoches, Sabine, Jackson, Winn and Caldwell, shall compose the 
First Circuit. 

The parishes of Ouachita, Richland, Morehouse, West Carroll, Cata- 
houla, Franklin, Madison, East Carroll, Concordia and Tensas, shall com- 
pose the Second Circuit. 

The parishes of Rapides, Grant, Avoyelles, St. Landry, Vernon, 



184 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

Calcasieu, Cameron, Lafayette, Vermilion, St. Martin and Iberia, shall 
compose the Third Circuit. 

The parishes of East Baton Rouge, West Baton Rouge, Iberville, 
East Feliciana, St. Helena, Tangipahoa, Livingston, St. Tammany, 
Washington, Pointe Coupee and West Feliciana, shall compose the 
Fourth Circuit. 

And the parishes of St. Mary, Terrebonne, Ascension, Lafourche, 
Assumption, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, Jefferson, St. Charles, St. John 
the Baptist and St. James, shall compose the Fifth Circuit. 

Art. 98. The judges of the courts of appeal, until otherwise pro- 
vided by law, shall hold two terms annually in each parish composing 
their respective circuits. 

Art. 99. Until otherwise provided by law, the terms of the circuit 
courts of appeal shall be as follows: 

FIRST CIRCUIT. 

Caddo — First Mondays in January and June. 
Bossier — Third Mondays in January and June. 
Webster — First Mondays in February and July. 
Bienville — Second Mondays in February and July. 
Claiborne — Third Mondays in February and July. 
Union — First Mondays in March and October. 
Lincoln — Second Mondays in March and October. 
Jackson — Third Mondays in March and October. 
Caldwell— Fourth Mondays in March and October. 
Winn — First Mondays in April and November. 
Natchitoches — Second Mondays in April and November. 
Sabine — Fourth Mondays in April and November. 
DeSoto — First Mondays in May and December. 
Red River — Third Mondays in May and December. 

SECOND CIRCUIT. 

Ouachita — First Mondays in January and June. 
Richland — Fourth Mondays in January and June. 
Franklin — First Mondays in February and July. 
Catahoula — Second Mondays in February and July. 
Concordia — Fourth Mondays in February and July. 
Tensas — Second Mondays in March and October. 
Madison — Fourth Mondays in March and October. 
East Carroll — Second Mondays in April and November. 
West Carroll — Fourth Mondays in April and November. 
Morehouse — First Mondays in May and December. 

THIRD CIRCUIT. 

St. Landry — First Mondays in January and June. 
Avoyelles — Fourth Mondays ii\ January and June. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 185 

Rapides — Second Mondays in February and July. 
Grant — Fourth Mondays in February and July. 
Vernon — First Mondays in March and October. 
Calcasieu — Second Mondays in March and October. 
Cameron — Fourth Mondays in March and October. 
Vermilion — First Mondays in April and November. 
Lafayette — Second Mondays in April and November. 
Iberia — Fourth Mondays in April and November. 
St. Martin — Second Mondays in May and December. 

FOURTH CIRCUIT. 

East Baton Rouge — First Mondays in January and June. 
West Baton Rouge — Fourth Mondays in January and June. 
Livingston — First Mondays in February and July. 
Tangipahoa — Second Mondays in February and July. 
St. Tammany — Fourth Mondays in February and July. 
Washington — First Mondays in March and October. 
St. Helena — Second Mondays in March and October. 
East Feliciana — Fourth Mondays in March and October. 
West Feliciana — Second Mondays in April and November. 
Pointe Coupee — Fourth Mondays in April and November. 
Iberville — Second Mondays in May and December. 

FIFTH CIRCUIT. 

St. Mary — First Mondays in January and June. 

Terrebonne — Third Mondays in January and June. 

Assumption — First Mondays in February and July. 

Lafourche — Third Mondays in February and July. 

St. Charles — First Mondays in March and October. 

Jefferson — Second Mondays in March and October. 

St. Bernard — Fourth Mondays in March and October. 

Plaquemines — First Mondays in April and November. 

St. John the Baptist— Second Mondays in April and November. 

St. James — Third Mondays in April and November. 

Ascension — Second Mondays in May and December. 

Art. 100. Whenever the first day of the term shall fall on a legal 
holiday, the court shall begin its sessions on the first legal day there- 
after. 

Art. 101. Whenever the judges composing the courts of appeal 
shall concur, theii judgment shall be final. 

Whenever there shall be a disagreement, the judgment appealed from 
shall stand affirmed. 

Art. 102. All causes on appeal to the courts of appeal shall be 
tried on the original record, pleadings and evidence in the district 
court. 

Art. 103. The rules of practice regulating appeals to and proceed- 



186 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

ings in the Supreme Court shall apply to appeals and proceedings in the 
courts of appeal, so far as they may be applicable, until otherwise pro- 
vided by law. 

Art. 104. The judges of the courts of appeal shall have power to 
issue writs of habeas corpus at the instance of all persons in actual 
custody, within their respective circuits. They shall also have authority 
to issue writs of mandamus, prohibition, and certiorari, in aid of their 
appellate jurisdiction. 

Art. 105. The judges of courts of appeal shall each receive a 
salary of four thousand dollars per annum, payable monthly on their 
respective warrants. 

The General Assembly shall provide by law for the trial of recused 
cases in the courts of appeal. 

Art. 106. The sheriff of the parish in which the sessions of the 
court are held shall attend in person, or by deputy, to execute the order* 
of the court. 

DISTRICT COURTS. 

Art. 107. The State shall be divided into not less than twenty nor 
more than thirty judicial districts, the parish of Orleans excepted. 

Art. 108. Until otherwise provided by law, there shall be twenty-six 
districts. 

The parish of Caddo shall compose the First District. 

The parishes of Bossier, Webster and Bienville shall compose the 
Second District. 

The parishes of Claiborne, Union and Lincoln shall compose the 
Third District. 

The parishes of Jackson, Winn and Caldwell shall compose the 
Fourth District. 

The parishes of Ouachita and Richland shall compose the Fifth 
District. 

The parishes of Morehouse and West Carroll shall compose the Sixth 
District. 

The parishes of Catahoula and Franklin shall compose the Seventh 
District. 

The parishes of Madison and East Carroll shall compose the Eighth 
District. 

The parishes of Concordia and Tensas shall compose the Ninth 
District. 

The parishes of DeSoto and Red River shall compose the Tenth 
District. 

The parishes of Natchitoches and Sabine shall compose the Eleventh 
District. 

The parishes of Rapides, Grant and Avoyelles shall compose the 
Twelfth District. 

The parish of St. Landry shall .compose the Thirteenth District. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 187 

The parishes of Vernon, Calcasieu and Cameron shall compose the 
Fourteenth District. 

The parishes of Pointe Coupee and West Feliciana shall compose the 
Fifteenth District. 

The parishes of East Feliciana and St. Helena shall compose the 
Sixteenth District. 

The parish of East Baton Rouge* shall compose the Seventeenth 
District. 

The parishes of Tangipahoa, Livingston, St. Tammany and Wash- 
ington shall compose the Eighteenth District. 

The parishes of St. Mary and Terrebonne shall compose the Nine- 
teenth District. 

The parishes of Lafourche and Assumption shall compose the Twen- 
tieth District. 

The parishes of St. Martin and Iberia shall compose the Twenty- 
first District. 

The parishes of Ascension and St. James shall compose the Twenty- 
second District. 

The parishes of West Baton Rouge and Iberville shall compose the 
Twenty-third District. 

The parishes of Plaquemines and St. Bernard shall compose the 
Twenty-fourth District. 

The parishes of Lafayette and Vermilion shall compose the Twenty- 
fifth District. 

And the parishes of Jefferson, St. Charles and St. John the Baptist 
shall compose the Twenty-sixth District. 

Art. 109. District courts shall have original jurisdiction in all civil 
matters where the amount in dispute shall exceed fifty dollars, exclusive 
of interest. 

They shall have unlimited original jurisdiction in all criminal, 
probate and succession matters, and when a succession is a party 
defendant. 

The district judges shall be elected by a plurality of the qualified 
voters of their respective districts in which they shall have been actual 
residents for two years next preceding their election. 

They shall be learned in the law, and shall have practiced law in the 
Scate for five years previous to their election. 

They shall be elected for the term of four years. All elections to fill 
vacancies occasioned by death, resignation or removal shall be for the 
unexpired term, and the Governor shall fill the vacancy until an election 
can be held. 

The judres of the district courts shall each receive a salary of three 
thousand dollars per annum, payable monthly on their respective 
warrants. 

Art. 110. The General Assembly shall have power to increase the 
number of district judges in any district whenever the public business 
may require. 



188 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

Art. 111. The district courts shall have jurisdiction of appeals from 
justices of the peace in all matters where the amount in controversy shall 
exceed ten dollars, exclusive of interest. 

Art. 112. The General Assembly shall provide by law for the trial 
of recused cases in the district courts by the selection of licensed 
attorneys-at-law, by an interchange of judges or otherwise. 

Art. 113. Whenever in this Constitution the qualification of any 
justice or judge shall be the previous practice of the law for a term of 
years, there shall be included in such term the time such justice or 
judge shall have occupied the bench of any court of any record in this 
State; provided, he shall have been a licensed attorney for five years 
before his election or appointment. 

Art. 114. No judge of any court of the State shall be affected in 
his term of office, salary or jurisdiction as to territory or amount during 
the term or period for which he was elected or appointed. Any legisla- 
tion so affecting any judge or court shall take effect only at the end of the 
term of office of the judge or judges incumbents of the court or courts 
to which such legislation may apply at the time of its enactment. This 
article shall not affect the provisions of this Constitution relative to 
impeachment or removal from office. 

Art. 115. The district judges shall have power to issue writs of 
habeas corpus at the instance of all persons in actual custody in their 
respective districts. 

Art. 116. The General Assembly at its first session under this 
Constitution shall provide by general law for the selection of competent 
and intelligent jurors, who shall have capacity to serve as grand jurors 
and try and determine both civil and criminal cases, and may provide 
in civil cases that a verdict be rendered by the concurrence of a less 
number than the whole. 

Art. 117. In those districts composed of one parish there shall not 
be less than six terms of the District Court each year. 

In all other districts there shall be in each parish not less than four 
terms of the District Court each year, except in the parish of Cameron, 
in which there shall not be less than two terms of the District Court 
each year. 

Until provided by law, the terms of the District Court in each 
parish shall be fixed by a rule of said court, which shall not be changed 
without notice by publication at least thirty days prior to such change. 

There shall be in each parish not less than two jury terms each year 
at which a grand jury shall be impaneled, except in the parish of 
Cameron, in which there shall not be less than one jury term each year 
at which a grand jury shall be impaneled. 

At other jury terms the General Assembly shall provide for special 
juries when necessary for the trial of criminal cases. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1ST9. 189 

SHERIFFS AND CORONERS. 

Art. 118. There shall be a sheriff and coroner elected by the 
qualified voters of each parish in the State, except the parish of Orleans, 
who shall be elected at the general elections and hold office for four 
years. 

The coroner shall act for and in place of the sheriff whenever the 
sheriff shall be a party interested, and whenever there shall be a vacancy 
in the office of sheriff, until such vacancy shall be filled; but he shall not 
during such vacancy discharge the duties of tax collector. 

The sheriff, except in the parish of Orleans, shall be ex-officio 
collector of State and parish taxes. 

He shall give separate bonds for the faithful performance of his duty 
in each capacity. Until otherwise provided, the bonds shall be given 
according to existing laws. 

The General Assembly, after the adoption of this Constitution, shall 
pass a general law regulating the amount, form, condition and mode of 
approval of such bonds, so as to fully secure the State and parish and all 
parties in interest. 

Sheriffs elected at the fi~st election under this Constitution shall 
comply with the provisions of such law within thirty days after its 
promulgation, in default of which the office shall be declared vacant, and 
the Governor shall appoint for the remainder of the term. 

Art. 119. Sheriffs shall receive compensation from the parish for 
their services in criminal matters (the keeping of prisoners, conveying 
convicts to the Penitentiary, insane persons to the Insane Asylum, and 
service of process from another parish, and service of process or the 
performance of any duty beyond the limits of his own parish excepted), 
not to exceed five hundred dollars per annum for each Representative the 
parish may have in the House of Representatives. 

The compensation of sheriffs as tax collectors shall not exceed five 
per cent, on the amount collected and paid over; provided, that he shall 
not be discharged as tax collector until he makes proof that he lias 
exhausted the legal remedies to collect the taxes. 

Art. 120. The coroner in each parish shall be a doctor of medicine, 
regularly licensed to practice, and ex-officio parish physician; provided, 
this article shall net apply to any parish in which there is no regularly 
licensed physician who will accept the office. 

CLERKS. 

Art. 121. There shall be a clerk of the district court in each 
parish, the parish of Orleans excepted, who shall be ex-officio clerk of the 
Court of Appeal. 

He shall be elected by the qualified electors of the parish every four 
years, and shall be ex-officio parish recorder of conveyances, mortgages 
and other acts, and notary public. 



190 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

He shall receive no compensation for his services from the State or 
the parish in criminal matters. 

He shall give bond and security for the faithful performance of his 
duties in such amount as shall be fixed by the General Assembly. 

Art. 122. The General Assembly shall have power to vest in clerks 
of courts authority to grant such orders and to do such acts as may be 
deemed necessary for the furtherance of the administration of justice; 
and in all cases powers thus vested shall be specified and determined. 

Art. 123. Clerks of district courts may appoint, with the approval 
of the district judge, deputies, with such powers as shall be prescribed by 
law; and the General Assembly shall have power to provide for contin- 
uing one or more of them in office in the event of the death of the clerk 
until his successor shall have been appointed and duly qualified. 

DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. 

Art. 124. There shall be a district attorney for each judicial district 
in the State, who shall be elected by the qualified electors of the judicial 
district. He shall receive a salary of one thousand dollars per annum, 
payable monthly on his own warrant, and shall hold office for four years. 
He shall be an actual resident of the district and a licensed attorney- 
at-law in this State. 

He shall also receive fees; but no fees shall be allowed in criminal 
cases, except on conviction. 

Any vacancy in the office of district attorney shall be filled by ap- 
pointment by the Governor for the unexpired term. There shall be no 
parish attorney or district attorney pro tempore. (This article shall not 
apply to the Parish of Orleans.) 

JUSTICES OF PEACE. 

Art. 125. In each parish, the parish of Orleans excepted, there 
shall be as many justices of the peace as may be provided by law. 

The present number of justices of the peace shall remain as now 
fixed until otherwise provided. They shall be elected for the term of 
four years by the qualified voters within the territorial limits of their 
jurisdiction. 

They shall have exclusive original jurisdiction in all civil matters 
when the matter in dispute shall not exceed fifty dollars, exclusive of in- 
terest, and original jurisdiction concurrent with the district court, when 
the amount in dispute shall exceed fifty dollars, exclusive of interest, 
and shall not exceed one hundred dollars, exclusive of interest. 

They shall have no jurisdiction in succession or probate matters, or 
when a succession is a defendant. They shall receive such fees or 
salary as may be fixed by law. 

Art. 126. They shall have criminal jurisdiction as committing mag- 
istrates, and shall have power to bajl or discharge in cases not capital or 
necessarily punishable at hard labor. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 19 1 

CONSTABLES. 

Art. 127. There shall be a constable for the court of each justice 
of the peace in the several parishes, of the State, the parish of Orleans ex- 
cepted, who shall be elected for the term of four years by the qualified 
voters within the territorial limits of the jurisdiction of the several jus- 
tices of the peace. 

The compensation, salaries or fees of constables and the amount of 
their bonds shall be fixed by the General Assembly. 

COURTS OF THE PARISH AND CITY OF NEW ORLEANS. 

Art. 128. There shall be in the pariah of Orleans a court of appeals 
for said parish, with exclusive appellate jurisdiction in all matters, civil or 
probate, arising in said parish, when the amount in dispute or fund to 
be distributed exceeds two hundred dollars, interest excluded, and is less 
than one thousand dollars, exclusive of interest. Said court shall be 
presided over by two judges who shall be elected by the General As- 
sembly in joint session; they shall be residents and voters of the City 
of New Orleans, possessing all the qualifications necessary for judges of 
Circuit Court of Appeals throughout the State. They shall each re- 
ceive an annual salary of four thousand dollars, payable monthly upon 
their respective warrants. 

Said appeals shall be upon questions of law alone in all cases involv- 
ing less than five hundred dollars, exclusive of interest, and upon the law 
and the facts in other cases. 

It shall sit in the City of New Orleans from the first Monday of No- 
vember to the last Monday of June of each year. 

It shall have authority to issue writs of mandamus, prohibition, cer- 
tiorari and habeas corpus in aid of its appellate jurisdiction. 

Aet. 129. The provisions of this Constitution relating to the term 
of office, qualifications and salary of the judges of the Circuit Courts 
of Appeal throughout the State, and the manner of proceeding and 
determining causes as applicable to such Circuit Court of Appeals, shall 
apply to this court and its judges, in so far as such provisions are not in 
conflict with the provisions specially relating to said court and its judges. 

Said Court of Appeals shall have jurisdiction of all causes now 
pending on appeal from the parish of Orleans before the Supreme Court 
of the State, where the amount in dispute or fund to be distributed is 
less than one thousand dollars, exclusive of interest, and the Supreme 
Court shall at once transfer said causes to the Court of Appeals. 

Aut. 130. For the parish of Orleans there shall be two district 
courts, and no more. One of said courts shall be known as the Civil 
District Court for the parish of Orleans, and the other as the Criminal 
District Court for the parish of Orleans. The former shall consist of not 
less than five judges, and the latter not less than two judges, having the 
qualifications prescribed for district judges throughout the State. The 
said judges shall be appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice 



192 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

and consent of the Senate, for the term of eight years. The first appoint- 
ments shall be made as follows : Three judges of the Civil District Dis- 
trict Court for four years and two for eight years; one judge of the 
Criminal District Court for four years and one for eight years, the terms 
to be designated in their commissions. 

The said judges shall receive each four thousand dollars per annum. 
Said Civil District Court shall have exclusive and general probate and 
exclusive civil jurisdiction in all causes where the amount in dispute or 
to be distributed exceeds one hundred dollars, exclusive of interests. All 
causes filed in said court shall be equally allotted and assigned among 
said judges in accordance with rules of court to be adopted for that pur- 
pose. In case of recusaton of any judge in any cause, such cause shall 
be reassigned to some other judge. In case of vacancy there shall be a 
reassignment, in accordance with rules of court. Previous to reassign- 
ment, or in case of absence from the parish, sickness or other disability 
of the judge to whom any cause may have been assigned, any judge 
of said court may issue or grant conservatory writs or orders. In other 
respects each judge shall have exclusive control over every cause assigned 
to him from its inception to its final determination in said court. The 
Criminal District Court shall have general criminal jurisdiction only. 
All prosecutions instituted in said court shall be equally apportioned 
between said judges by lot. Each judge or his successor shall have exclu- 
sive control over every cause falling to him from its inception to its final 
determination in said court. In case of vacancy or recusation, causes 
assigned shall be reassigned under order of court. 

Art. 131. The General Assembly may increase the number of 
judges of the Civil District Court, not, however, to exceed nine judges, 
and the number of the criminal judges, not to exceed three. 

Art. 132. The Court of Appeals and the Civil and Criminal Dis- 
trict Courts for the parish of Orleans shall respectively regulate the order 
of preference and trial of causes pending, and adopt other rules to govern 
the proceedings therein not in conflict with the provisions of law. 

Art. 133. The Civil District Court for the parish of Orleans shall 
select a solvent, incorporated bank of the city of New Orleans as a 
judicial depository. Therein shall be deposited all moneys, notes, bonds 
and securites (except such notes or documents as may be filed with 
suits or evidence, which shall be kept by the clerk of the court), so soon 
as the same shall come into the hands of any sheriff or clerk of court; 
such deposits shall be removable, in whole or in part, only upon order of 
court. The officer making such deposits shall make immediate and writ- 
ten return to the court of the date and particulars thereof, to be filed 
in the cause in which the matter is pending, under penalties to be pre- 
scribed by law. 

Ajit. 134. There shall be a district attorney for the parish of 
Orleans, who shall possess the same qualifications and be elected in the 
same manner and for the same period of time as the district attorneys 
for other parishes, as provided by this Constitution. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 193 

He shall receive a salary of one thousand dollars per annum and 
such fees as may be allowed by law; but no fee shall be allowed in crimi- 
nal cases cases except on conviction. 

He may appoint an assistant at a salary not to exceed fifteen hundred 
dollars per annum. 

Art. 135. There shall be in the city of New Orleans three city 
courts, one of which shall be located in that portion of the city on the 
right bank of the Mississippi river, presided over by judges having all the 
qualifications required for a district judge, and shall be elected by the 
qualified voters of the parish for the term of four years. They shall 
have exclusive and final jurisdiction over all sums not exceeding one hun- 
dred dollars, exclusive of interest. The General Assembly shall regulate 
the salaries, territorial division of jurisdiction, the manner of executing 
their process, the fee bill and proceedings which shall govern them. 
They shall have authority to execute commissions, to take testimony 
and receive therefor such fees as may be allowed by law. 

The General Assembly may increase the number of city courts for 
said parish, not to exceed eight in all. Until otherwise provided by law, 
each of said courts shall have one clerk, to be elected for the term of four 
years by the qualified voters of this parish, who shall receive a salary of 
twelve hundred dollars per annum, and no more, and whose qualifications, 
bond and duties shall be regulated by law. 

Art. 136. The General Assembly may provide for police or magis- 
trates' courts ; but such courts shall not be vested with jurisdction beyond 
the enforcement of municipal ordinances or as committing magistrates. 

Art. 137. There shall be one clerk for the Civil District Court and 
one for the Criminal District Court of the parish of Orleans. The for- 
mer shall be ex-officio clerk of the Court of Appeals of said parish. Said 
clerks shall be removable in the manner provided for the removal of 
sheriffs of said parish. The clerk of said Civil District Court shall receive 
an annual salary of three thousand six hundred dollars, and no more; 
and the clerk of the Criminal Court an annual salary of three thousand 
dollars, and no more, both payable quarterly on their warrants. They 
shall be elected by the qualified voters of the parish for the term of four 
years. 

The amount and character of the bonds and qualification of the 
sureties to be furnished by said clerks shall be prescribed by law. 

Art. 138. The Court of Appeals and one judge of the Civil and 
Criminal District Court of the parish of Orleans shall appoint a minute 
clerk at an annual salary of not more than eighteen hundred dollars, 
whose duties shall be regulated by law. Each clerk of the court shall 
appoint, by and with the consent of the district court of which he is a 
clerk, such deputies as may be necessary to perform efficiently the duties 
of said office, at salaries to be fixed by law. He shall be responsible for 
the said deputies, and may require from each such security as he may 
deem sufficient to secure himself; and said deputies shall be removable at 
his pleasure. 



194 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

Art. 139- There shall be a civil and a criminal sheriff for the 
parish of Orleans. The civil sheriff shall be the executive officer of all 
civil courts, except city courts, and the criminal sheriff shall be the 
executive officer of the Criminal District Court. 

They shall attend the sittings, execute the writs and mandates of 
their respective courts. They shall be elected by the voters of the parish 
of Orleans every four years. They shall be citizens of the State, residents 
and voters of the city of New Orleans, at least twenty-five years of age, 
and shall be removable each by the District Court of which he is the 
executive officer, upon proof after trial, without jury, of gross or con- 
tinued neglect, incompetency or unlawful conduct, operating injury to 
court or any individual. The two district courts for the parish of 
Orleans shall immediately upon organization under this Constitution, in 
joint session, adopt rules governing the lodging of complaints against 
and trial of such officers; and such rules once adopted shall not be 
changed except by the unanimous consent of all the judges composing 
said courts. 

Art. 140. The civil sheriff of the parish of Orleans shall receive 
such fees as the General Assembly may fix. He shall render monthly 
accounts, giving amounts and dates, number and title of causes wherein 
received or paid out, of all sums collected and disbursed by him, which 
shall be filed in the Civil District Court of said parish and form a part of 
its public records. 

He shall be responsible to the State for all profits of said office over 
ten thousand dollars per annum and shall settle with the State at least 
once a year in such manner as the General Assembly may provide. 

The criminal sheriff shall receive an annual salary of thirty-six 
hundred dollars, and no more. He shall receive no other compensation. 
He shall charge and collect for the State from parties convicted such 
fees and charges as may be fixed by law, and shall render monthly 
accounts of the same. 

Art. 141. Said sheriffs shall appoint, each with the consent and 
approval of the District Court which he serves, such a number of 
deputies as the said court may find necessary for the proper expedition 
of the public business, at such salaries as may be fixed by law. Each 
sheriff shall be responsible for his deputies, may remove them at pleasure 
and fill vacancies with the approval of the court, and may exact from all 
deputies security in such manner and amount as such sheriff may deem 
necessary. 

Art. 142. The civil sheriff of said parish shall execute a bond with 
sureties, residents of said parish, conditioned for the lawful and faithful 
performance of the duties of his office, in the sum of fifty thousand 
dollars. The sureties shall be examined in open court by the judges of 
the Civil District Court for the parish of Orleans, and the questions and 
answers shall be reduced to writing and form a portion of the records of 
said court. 

A similar bond shall be executed by the criminal sheriff of said 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 195 

parish in the suni of ten thousand dollars, with sureties to be examined 
and approved as to solvency by the Criminal District Court of said 
parish, as herein directed for the Civil District Court of said parish in 
the case of the civil sheriff. 

Art. 143. There shall be one constable for each city court of th^ 
parish of Orleans, who shall be executive officer of such court. He shall 
be elected by the qualified voters of the parish of Orleans for the term 
of four years. The General Assembly shall define his qualifications and 
fix his compensation and duties, and shall assimilate the same so far a3 
practicable to the provisions of this Constitution relating to the civil 
sheriff of said parish. The judges of the city courts shall sit en banc to 
examine such bonds, try and remove constables and adopt rules regulating 
such trial and removal. They shall in such proceedings be governed so 
far as practicable by the provisions of this Constitution regulating the 
proceedings of the district courts of the parish of Orleans in the case of 
the sheriffs of said parish. 

Art. 144. There shall be a register of conveyances and a recorder 
of mortgages for the parish of Orleans, who shall be elected by the 
qualified voters of said parish every four years. The register of con- 
veyances shall receive an annual salary of twenty-five hundred dollars, 
and no more, and said recorder of mortgages, an annual salary of four 
thousand dollars, and no more. The General Assembly shall regulate the 
qualifications and duties of said officers and the number of employees they 
shall appoint, and fix the salaries of such employees, not to exceed eight- 
een hundred dollars for each. 

Art. 145. The General Assembly, at its first session after the 
adoption of this Constitution, shall enact a fee-bill for the clerks of the 
various courts, including the city courts, sitting in New Orleans, and for 
the civil and criminal sheriffs, constables, register of conveyances and 
recorder of mortgages of said parish. In the same act provision shall be 
made for a system of stamps or stamped paper for the collection by the 
State, and not by said officers, of such fees and charges, so far as clerks 
of courts, register of conveyances and recorder of mortgages are con- 
cerned. 

Art. 146. All fees and charges fixed by law for the various courts 
of the parish of Orleans, and for the register of conveyances and recorder 
of mortgages of said parish shall enure to the State, and all sums realized 
therefrom shall be set aside and held as a special fund, out of which shall 
be paid by preference the judicial expenses of the parish of Orleans; 
provided, that the State shall never make any payment to any sheriff, 
clerk, register of conveyances or recorder of mortgages of the parish of 
Orleans, or any of their deputies, for salary or other expenses of their 
respective offices, except from the special fund provided for by this 
article, and any appropriation made contrary to this provision shall be 
null and void. 

Art. 147. There shall be one coroner for the parish of Orleans, who 
shall be elected every four years by the qualified electors of said parish, 



196 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

and whose duties shall be regulated by law. He shall be ex-ojficio city 
physician of the city of New Orleans, and receive an annual salary of 
five thousand dollars, and no more. He shall be a practicing physician of 
said city, and a graduate of the medical department of some university 
of respectable standing. He may appoint an assistant having the same 
qualifications as himself, at an annual salary not exceeding three 
thousand dollars. The salaries of both coroner and assistant to be paid 
by the parish of Orleans. 

The maintenance and support of prisoners confined in the parish of 
Orleans, upon charges or conviction for criminal offenses shall be under 
the control of the city of N.ew Orleans. 

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 

Art. 148. No person shall hold any office, State, parochial or muni- 
cipal, or shall be permitted to vote at any election or act as a juror, who, 
in due course of law, shall have been convicted of treason, perjury, 
forgery, bribery or other crime punishable by imprisonment in the 
penitentiary, or who shall be under interdiction. 

Art. 149. Members of the General Assembly and all officers, before 
they enter upon the duties of their office, shall take the following oath 
or affirmation: 

"I (A. B.) do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the 
Constitution and laws of the United States and the Constitution and 
laws of this State; and that I will faithfully and impartially discharge 

and perform all the duties incumbent upon me as 

according to the best of my ability and understanding. So help me 
God." 

Art. 150. The seat of government shall be and remain at the city 
of Baton Rouge. 

The General Assembly, at its first session after the adoption of this 
Constitution, shall make the necessary appropriations for the repair of 
the State House and for the transfer of the archives of the State to 
Baton Rouge; and the city council of Baton Rouge is hereby authorized 
to issue certificates of indebtedness, in such manner and form as to 
cover the subscription of thirty-five thousand dollars, tendered by the 
citizens and city council of said city to aid in repairing the capitol in 
said city; provided, the city of Baton Rouge shall pay into the State 
Treasury said amount of thirty-five thousand dollars before the contract 
for the repairs of the State House be finally closed. 

Art. 151. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying 
war against it, or adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. 
No person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two 
witnesses to the same overt act, or on his confession in open court. 

Art. 152. All civil officers shall be removable by an address of two- 
thirds of the members elected to each house of the General Assembly, 
except those whose removal is otherwise provided for by this Constitu- 
tion. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 197 

Art. 153. No member of Congress nor person holding or exercising 
fcny office of trust or profit under the United States or either of them, 
or under any foreign power, shall be eligible as a member of the General 
Assembly, or hold or exercise any office of trust or profit under the 
State. 

Art. 154. The laws, public records and the judicial and legislative 
written proceedings of the State shall be promulgated, preserved and 
conducted in the English language, but the General Assembly may 
provide for the publication of the laws in the French language, and 
prescribe that judicial advertisements in certain designated cities and 
parishes shall also be made in that language. 

Art. 155. No expost facto law, nor any law impairing the obliga- 
tions of contracts, shall be passed, nor vested rights be divested, unless 
for purposes of public utility and for adequate compensation previously 
made. 

Art. 156. Private property shall not be taken nor damaged for 
public purposes without just and adequate compensation being first paid. 

Art. 157. No power of suspending the laws of this State shall be 
exercised unless by the General Assembly or its authority. 

Art. 158. The General Assembly shall provide by law for change 
of venue in civil and criminal cases. 

Art. 159. No person shall hold or exercise, at the same time, more 
than one office of trust or profit, except that of justice of the peace or 
notary public. 

Art. 160. The General Assembly may determine the mode of filling 
vacancies in all offices for which provision is not made in this Consti- 
tution. 

Art. 161. All officers shall continue to discharge the duties of their 
office until their successors shall have been inducted into office, except 
in cases of impeachment or suspension. 

Art. 162. The military shall be in subordination to the civil power, 
and no soldier shall, in t'me of peace, be quartered in any house without 
the consent of its owner. 

Art. 163. The General Assembly shall make it obligatory upon each 
parish to support all infirm, sick and disabled paupers residing within its 
limits; provided, that in every municipal corporation in a parish where 
the powers of the police jury do not extend, the said corporation shall 
support its own infirm, sick and disabled paupers. 

Art. 164. No soldier, sailor or marine in military or naval service 
of the United States shall hereafter acquire a domicile in this State by 
reason of being stationed or doing duty in the same. 

Art. 165. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to pass such 
laws as may be proper and necessary to decide differences by arbitration. 

Art. 166. The power of the courts to punish for contempt shall be 
limited by law. 

Art. 167. The General Assembly shall have authority to grant 
lottery charters or privileges; provided, each charter or privilege shall 



198 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

pay not less than forty thousand dollars per annum in money into tht 
treasury of the State; and provided further, that all charters shall cease 
and expire on the first of January, 1895, from which time all lotteries are 
prohibited in the State. 

The forty thousand dollars per annum now provided by law to be 
paid by the Louisiana State Lottery Company, according to the pro- 
visions of its charter, granted in the year 1868, shall belong to the 
Charity Hospital of New Orleans, and the charter of said company is 
recognized as a contract binding on the State for the period therein 
specified, except its monopoly clause, which is hereby abrogated, and all 
laws contrary to the provisions of this article are hereby declared null and 
void; provided, said company shall file a written renunciation of all its 
monopoly features in the office of the Secretary of State within sixty 
days after the ratification of this Constitution. 

Of the additional sums raised by licenses on lotteries, the hospital at 
Shreveport shall receive ten thousand dollars annually, and the remaining 
sum shall be divided each year among the several parishes in the State 
for the benefit of their schools. 

Art. 168. In all proceedings for indictments and libel, the truth 
thereof may be given in evidence. The jury in all criminal cases shall 
be the judges of the law and the facts on the question of guilt or inno- 
cence, having been charged as to the law applicable to the case by the 
presiding judge. 

Art. 169. No officer whose salary is fixed by the Constitution shall 
be allowed any fees or perquisites of office, except where otherwise pro- 
vided for by this Constitution. 

Art. 170. The regulation of the sale of alcoholic or spirituous 
liquors is declared a police regulation, and the General Assembly may 
enact laws regulating their sale and use. 

Art. 171. No person who, at any time, may have been a collector of 
taxes, whether State, parish or municipal, or who may have been other- 
wise intrusted with public money or any portion thereof, shall be eligible 
to the General Assembly or to any office of honor, profit or trust under 
the State government, or any parish or municipality thereof, until he 
shall have obtained a discharge for the amount of such collections and 
for all public moneys with which he may have been intrusted. 

Art. 172. Gambling is declared to be a vice, and the General 
Assembly shall enact laws for its suppression. 

Art. 173. Any person who shall directly or indirectly offer or give 
any sum or sums of money, bribe, present, reward, promise or any other 
thing to any officer, State, parochial or municipal, or to any member o\ 
officer of the General Assembly, with the intent to induce or influence 
such officer or member of the General Assembly to appoint any person to 
office, to vote or exercise any power in him vested, or to perform any 
duty of him required, with partiality or favor, the person giving, or 
offering to give, or the officer or member of the General Assembly so 
receiving any money, bribe, present, reward, promise, contract, obligation 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 190 

or security, with the intent or for the purpose or consideration aforesaid, 
shall be guilty of bribery, and on being found guilty thereof by any 
court of competent jurisdiction, or by either house of the General 
Assembly of which he may be a member or officer, shall be forever dia 
qualified from holding any office, State, parochial or municipal, and shall 
be forever ineligible to a seat in the General Assembly; provided, thai 
this shall not be construed as to prevent the General Assembly from 
enacting additional penalties. 

Art. 174. Any person may be compelled to testify in any lawful 
proceeding against any one who may be charged with having committed 
the offense of bribery, and shall not be permitted to withhold his testi- 
mony upon the ground that it may criminate him or subject him to 
public infamy; but such testimony shall not afterwards be used against 
him in any judicial proceedings, except for perjury in giving such testi- 
mony. 

Art. 175. The General Assembly shall, at its first session, pass laws 
to protect laborers on buildings, streets, roads, railroads, canals and other 
similar works, against the failure of contractors and sub-contractors to 
pay their current wages when due, and to make the corporation, com- 
pany or individual for whose benefit the work is done, responsible for 
their ultimate payment. 

Art. 176. No mortgage or privilege on immovable property shall 
affect third persons, unless recorded or registered in the parish where the 
property is situated, in the manner and within the time as is now or may 
be prescribed by law, except privileges for expenses of last illness, and 
privileges for taxes, State, parish or municipal; provided, such privileges 
shall lapse in three years. 

Art. 177. Privileges on movable property shall exist without regis- 
tration for the same, except in such cases as the General Assembly may 
prescribe by law, after the adoption of this Constitution. 

Art. 178. The General Assembly shall provide for the interest of 
State medicine in all its departments; for the protection of the people 
from unqualified practitioners of medicine; for protecting confidential 
communications made to medical men by their patients while under pro- 
fessional treatment, and for the purpose of such treatment; for the 
establishment and maintenance of a State Board of Health. 

Art. 179. The General Assembly shall create a Bureau of Agri- 
culture, define its objects, designate its officers and fix their salaries, at 
such time as the financial condition of the State may warrant them, in 
their judgment, in making such expenditures; provided, that such 
expenditures never exceed ten thousand dollars per annum. 

THE NEW CANAL SHELL ROAD. 

Art. 180. The New Basin Canal and Shell Road, and their appur- 
tenances, shall not be leased or alienated. 

The General Assembly, at its first session after -the ratification of 
this Constitution, shall provide by law for a superintendent, to be 



200 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

appointed by the Governor upon the recommendation of the captains 
and owners of vessels plying in, and of merchants doing business on, 
said canal, to manage the same, and shall enact laws for the regulation, 
maintenance and management of said canal and shell road; provided, 
dues shall not exceed ten cents per ton on the measurement tonnage of 
all vessels entering therein. The depth of water in the canal basin, and 
on the bar at the mouth, shall be kept at the depth of at least eight feet ; 
provided, that all expenses of improving and maintaining said canal, 
shell road and appurtenances, including the wages and salaries of 
employees, shall be paid out of the revenues thereof, and not otherwise. 

MILITIA. 

Art. 181. The General Assembly shall have authority to provide by 
law how the militia of this State shall be organized, officered, trained, 
armed and equipped, and of whom it shall consist. 

Art. 182. The officers and men of the militia and volunteer forces 
shall receive no pay, rations and emoluments when not in active service 
by authority of the State. 

Art. 183. The General Assembly may exempt from military 
services those who belong to religious societies whose tenets forbid them 
to bear arms; provided, a money equivalent for these services shall be 
exacted. The Governor shall have power to call the militia into active 
service for the preservation of law and order, or when the public service 
may require it; provided, that the police force of any city, town or 
parish, shall not be organized or used as part of the State militia. 

SUFFRAGE AND ELECTION. 

Art. 184. In all elections by the people the electors shall vote by 
ballot; and in all elections by persons in a representative capacity the 
vote shall be viva voce. 

Art. 185. Every male citizen of the United States, and every mal? 
person of foreign birth who has been naturalized, or who may have legally 
declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States before he 
offers to vote, who is twenty-one years old or upwards, possessing the fol- 
lowing qualifications, shall be an elector and shall be entitled to vote at 
any election by the people, except as hereinafter provided: 

1. He shall be an actual resident of the State at least one year next 
preceding the election at which he offers to vote. 

2. He shall be an actual resident of the parish in which he offers to 
vote at least six months next preceding the election. 

3. He shall be an actual resident of the ward or precinct in which 
he offers to vote at least thirty days next preceding the election. 

Art. 186. The General Assembly shall provide the law for the 
proper enforcement of the provisions of the foregoing article; provided, 
that in the Parish of Orleans there shall be a supervisor oi registration, 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 201 

who shall be appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate, whose term of office shall be for a period of four 
years, and whose salary, qualifications and duties shall be prescribed by 
law. And the General Assembly may provide for the registration of 
voters in the other parishes. 

Art. 187. The following persons shall not be permitted to register, 
vote or hold any office or appointment of honor, profit or trust in this 
State: 

Those who shall have been convicted for treason, embezzlement of 
public funds, malfeasance in office, larceny, bribery, illegal voting, or 
other crime punishable by hard labor or imprisonment in the penitentiary, 
idiots and insane persons. 

Art. 188. No qualification of any kind of suffrage or office, nor any 
restraint upon the same, on account of race, color or previous condition 
shall be made by law. 

Art. 189. Electors shall, in all cases except treason, felony or 
breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance on 
elections, and in going to and returning from the same. 

Art. 190. The General Assembly shall by law forbid the giving or 
selling of intoxicating drinks on the day of election, within one mile of 
precincts, at any election held within the State. 

Art. 191. Until otherwise provided by law, the general State elec- 
tion shall be held once every four years on the Tuesday next following 
the third Monday in April. 

Presidential electors and members of Congress shall be chosen or 
elected in the manner at the time prescribed by law. 

Art. 192. Parochial and municipal elections in the cities of New 
Orleans and Shreveport shall be held on the same day as the general 
State election, and not oftener than once in four years. 

Art. 193. For the purpose of voting, no person shall be deemed to 
have gained a residence, by reason of his presence, or lost it by reason 
of his absence, while employed in the service, either civil or military, 
of this State or of the United States ; nor while engaged in the navigation 
of the waters of the State or the United States, or of the high seas, nor 
while a student of any institution of learning. 

Art. 194. The General Assembly shall provide by law for the trial 
and determination of contested elections of all public officers, whether 
State, judicial, parochial or municipal. 

Art. 195. No person shall be eligible to any office, State, judicial, 
parochial, municipal or ward, who is not a citizen of this State and a duly 
qualified elector of the State, judicial district, parish, municipality or 
ward wherein the functions of said office are to be exercised. And when- 
ever any officer, State, judicial, parochial, municipal or ward, may change 
his residence from this State, or from the district, parish, municipality 
or ward in which he holds such office, the same shall thereby be vacated, 
any declaration of retention of domicile to the contrary notwithstanding. 



202 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

IMPEACHMENT AND REMOVALS FROM OFFICE. 

Art. 196. The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, 
Auditor, Treasurer, Attorney General, Superintendent of Public Educa- 
tion and the judges of all the courts of record in this State shall be liable 
to impeachment for high crimes and misdemeanors, for nonfeasance or 
malfeasance in office, for incompetency, for corruption, favoritism, extor- 
tion or oppression in office, or for gross misconduct or habitual drunken- 
ness. 

Art. 197. The House of Representatives shall have the sole power 
of impeachment. All impeachments shall be tried by the Senate; when 
sitting for that purpose, the Senators shall be upon oath -or affirmation, 
and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds 
of the Senators present. When the Governor of the State is on trial, the 
Chief Justice or the Senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court shall 
preside. 

Judgments in cases of impeachment shall extend only to removal 
from office and disqualification from holding office of honor, trust or 
profit under the State, but the party, whether convicted or acquitted, shall, 
nevertheless, be liable to prosecution, trial and punishment according to 
law. 

Art. 198. All officers against whom articles of impeachment may 
be preferred shall be suspended from the exercises of the functions of 
their office during the pendency of such impeachment, and, except in case 
of the impeachment of the Governor, the appointing power shall make 
a provisional appointment to replace any suspended officer until the 
decision of the impeachment. 

Art. 199. For any reasonable cause the Governor shall remove an}' 
officer on the address of two-thirds of the members elected to each house 
of the General Assembly/ In every such case, the cause or causes for 
which such removal may be required shall be stated at length in the 
address and inserted in the journal of each house. 

Art. 200. For any of the causes specified in Article 196, judges of 
the courts of appeal of the district courts throughout the State and of the 
city courts of the Parish of Orleans may be removed from office by judg- 
ment of the Supreme Court of this State in a suit instituted by the 
Attorney General, or a district attorney, in the name of the State, on 
his relation. The Supreme Court is hereby vested with original jurisdic- 
tion to try such causes; and it is hereby made the duty of the Attorney 
General or of any district attorney to institute such suit on the written 
request and information of fifty citizens and taxpayers residing within 
the territorial limits of the district or circuit over which the judge 
against whom the suit is brought exercises the functions of his office. 
Such suits shall be tried, after citation and ten days' delay for answer- 
ing, in preference to all other suits, and wherever the court may be 
sitting; but the pendency of sucr^ suit shall not operate a suspension 
from office. In all cases where the officer sued, as above directed, shall 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 203 

be acquitted, judgment shall be rendered jointly and in solido againsc 
the citizens signing the request, for all costs of the suit. 

Art. 201. For any of the causes enumerated in Article 196, district 
attorneys, clerks of courts, sheriffs, coroners, recorders, justices of the 
peace and all other parish, municipal and ward officers shall be removed 
by judgment of the District Court of the domicile of such officer (in 
the Parish of Orleans, the Civil District Court), and it shall be the 
duty of the district attorney, except when the suit is to be brought 
against himself, to institute suit in the manner directed in Article 200, 
on the written request and information of twenty-five resident citizens 
and taxpayers, in the case of district,, parish or municipal officers, and 
of ten resident citizens and taxpayers, in the case of ward officers. Such 
suit should be brought against a district attorney by the district attorney 
of an adjoining district, or by counsel appointed by the judge for that 
purpose. In all such cases the defendant, the State and the citizens and 
taxpayers on whose information and at whose request such suit was 
brought, or any of them, shall have the right to appeal, both on the law 
and the facts, from the judgment of the court. In all cases where the 
officer sued as above directed shall be acquitted, judgment shall be rend- 
ered jointly and in solido against the citizens signing the request, for 
all costs of the suit. 

In cases against district attorneys, clerks, sheriffs and recorders, 
the appeal shall be to the Supreme Court, and in cases against all other 
officers the appeal shall be in the court of appeal to the proper circuit. 

Such appeals shall be returnable within ten days to the Appellate 
Court, wherever it may be sitting or wherever it may hold its next 
session, and may be transferred by order of the judges of said court 
to another parish within their circuit; and such appeals shall be tried 
by preference over all others. In case of the refusal or neglect of the 
district attorney or Attorney General to institute and prosecute any 
suit provided for in this and the preceding article, the citizens and tax- 
payers leaking the request, or any of them, shall have the right by man- 
damus to compel him to perform such duty. 

EEVENUE AND TAXATION. 

Art. 202. The taxing power may be exercised by the General 
Assembly for State purposes, and by parishes and municipal corpora- 
tions, under authority granted to them by the General Assembly, for 
parish and municipal purposes. 

Art. 203. Taxation shall be equal and uniform throughout the 
territorial limits of the authority levying the tax, and all property 
sha 1 ! be taxed in proportion to its value, to be ascertained as d ; rected 
by law; provided, the assessment of all property shall never exceed the 
actual cash value thereof; and provided, further that the taxpayers 
shall have the right of testing the correctness of their assessments before 
the courts of justice. In order to arrive at this equality and uniformity, 



204 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

the General Assembly shall, at its first session after the adoption of 
this Constitution, provide a system of equality and uniformity in assess- 
ments based upon the relative value of property in the different portions 
of the State. The valuations put upon property for the purposes of the 
State taxation shall be taken as the proper valuation for purposes of 
local taxation in every subdivision of the State. 

Art. 204. The taxing power shall be exercised only to carry or 
and maintain the government of the State and the public institution* 
thereof, to educate the children of the State, to pay the principal and 
interest of the public debt, to suppress insurrection, repel invasion or 
defend the State in time of war; to supply the citizens of the State, 
who lost a limb or limbs in the military service of the Confederate 
States, with substantial artificial limbs during life, and for levee pur- 
poses, as hereinafter provided. 

Art. 205. The power to tax corporations and corporate property 
shall never be surrendered nor suspended by act of the General Assembly. 

Art. 206. The General Assembly may levy a license tax, and in 
such case shall graduate the amount of such tax to be collected from 
the persons pursuing the several trades, professions, vocations and call- 
ings. All persons, associations of persons and corporations pursuing any 
trade, profession, business or calling may be rendered liable to such 
tax, except clerks, laborers, clergymen, school teachers, those engaged 
in mechanical, agricultural, horticultural and mining pursuits, and 
manufacturers other than those of distilled alchoholic or malt liquors, 
tobacco and cigars and cotton-seed oil. No political corporation shall 
impose a greater license tax than is imposed by the General Assembly 
for State purposes. 

Art. 207. The following property shall be exempt from taxation, 
and no other, viz. : All public property, places of religious worship or 
burial, all charitable institutions, all buildings and property used exclus- 
ively for colleges and other school purposes, the real and personal estate 
of any public library and that of any other library association used by 
or connected with such library, all books and philosophical apparatus 
and all painting and statuary of any company or association kept in 
public hall; provided, the property so exempted be not used or leased 
for purposes of private or corporate profit and income. There shall 
also be exempt from taxation household property to the value of five 
hundred dollars. There shall also be exempt from taxation and license, 
for a period of ten years from the adoption of this Constitution, the 
capital, machinery and other property employed in the manufacture of 
textile fabrics, leather, shoes, harness, saddlery, hats, fiour, machinery, 
agricultural implements, and furniture and other articles of wood, 
marble, or stone; soap, stationery, ink and paper, boat building, and 
chocolate; provided, that not less than five hands are employed in any 
one factory. 

Art. 208. The General Assembly shall levy an annual poll tax for 
the maintenance of the public schools, upon every male inhabitant in 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 205 

the State over the age of twenty-one years, which shall never be lesi 
than one dollar nor exceed one dollar and a half per capita, and the 
General Assembly shall pass laws to enforce the payment of said tax. 

Art. 209. The State tax on property for all purposes whatever, 
including expenses of government, schools, levees and interest, shall not 
exceed in any one year six mills on the dollar of its assessed valuation, 
if the ordinance regarding the bonded debt of the State is adopted and 
ratified by the people; and, if said ordinance is not adopted and ratified 
by the people, said State tax for all purposes aforesaid shall not exceed 
in any one year five mills on the dollar of the assessed valuation of the 
property; and no parish or municipal tax for all purposes whatsoever 
shall exceed ten mills on the dollar of valuation; provided that, for the 
purpose of erecting and constructing public buildings, bridges and work^ 
of public improvement in parishes and municipalities, the rates of tax- 
ation herein limited may be increased when the rate of such increase 
and the purpose for which it is intended shall have been submitted to 
a vote of the property taxpayers of such parish or municipality entitled 
to a vote under the election laws of the State, and a majority of same 
voting at such election shall have voted therefor. 

Art. 210. There shall be no forfeiture of property for the non- 
payment of taxes, State, levee district, parochial or municipal, but at 
the expiration of the year in which they are due the collector shall, 
without suit, and after giving notice to the delinquent in the manner 
to be provided by law (which shall not be by publication, except in 
cases of unknown owner), advertise for sale the property on which the 
taxes are due in the manner provided for judicial sales, and on the day 
of sale he shall sell such portion of the property as the debtor shall 
point out, and, in case the debtor shall not point out sufficient property, 
the collector shall at once and without further delay sell the least quan- 
tity of property which any bidder will buy for the amount of the taxe^, 
interest and costs. The sale shall be without appraisement, and the 
property sold shall be redeemable at any time for the space of one year, 
by paying the price given, with twenty per cent, and costs added. No 
sale of property for taxes shall be annulled for any informality in the 
proceedings until the price paid, with ten per cent, interest, be tendered 
to the purchaser. All deeds of sale made, or that may be made, by col- 
lectors of taxes, shall be received by courts in evidence as prima facie 
valid sales. 

Art. 211. The taxes shall be designated by the year in which it ; s 
collectible, and the tax on movable property shall be collected in the 
year in which the assessment is made. 

Art. 212. The Legislature shall pass no law postponing the pay- 
ment of taxes, except in case of overflow, general conflagration, general 
destruction of the crops or other public calamity. 

Art. 213. A levee system shall be maintained in the State, and a 
tax not to exceed one mill may be levied annually on all property subject 



206 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

to taxation, and shall be applied exclusively to the maintenance and 
repairs of levees. 

Art. 214. The General Assembly may divide the State into levee 
districts and provide for the appointment or election of levee commis- 
sioners in said districts, who shall, in the method and manner to be pro- 
vided by law, have supervision of the erection, repairs and maintenance 
of the levees in said districts; to that effect it may levy a tax not to 
exceed five mills on the taxable property situated within the alluvial 
portions of said districts subject to overflow. 

Art. 215. The provisions of the above two articles shall cease to 
have effect whenever the Federal Government shall assume permanent 
control and provide the ways and means for the maintenance of levees 
in this State. The Federal Government is authorized to make suck 
geological, topographical, hydrographical and hydrometrical surveys and 
investigations within the State as may be necessary to carry 
into effect the Act of Congress to provide for the appointment of a Mis- 
sissippi river commission for the improvement of said river, from the 
head of the passes near its mouth to the headwaters, and to construct 
and protect such public works and improvements as may be ordered by 
Congress under the provisions of said act. 

Art. 216. The General Assembly shall have power, with the con- 
currence of an adjacent State or States, to create levee districts com- 
posed of territory partly in this State and partly in adjacent State or 
States, and the levee commissioners for such district or districts shall 
possess all the powers provided by Article 214 of the Constitution. 

Art. 217. Corporations, companies or associations organized or 
domiciled out of the State, but doing business herein, may be licensed 
by a mode different from that provided for home corporations or com- 
panies; provided, said different mode of license shall be uniform, upon a 
graduated system, as to all such corporations, companies or associations 
that transact the same kind of business. 

Art. 218. All the articles and provisions of tthis Constitution 
regulating and relating to the collection of State taxes and tax sales 
shall also apply to and regulate the collection of parish, district ano* 
municipal taxes. 

HOMESTEADS AND EXEMPTIONS. 

Art. 219. There shall be exempt from seizure and sale by any 
process whatever, except as herein provided, the "homesteads" bona fide 
owned by the debtor and occupied by him, consisting of lands, build- 
ings and appurtenances, whether rural or urban, of every head of a 
family, or person having a mother or father, a person or persons depend- 
ent on him or her for support; also one work-horse, one wagon or cart, 
one yoke of oxen, two cows and calves, twenty-five head of hogs, or one 
thousand pounds of bacon or its equivalent in pork, whether these 
exempted objects be attached to a homestead or not; and, on a farm, the 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 207 

necessary quantity of corn and fodder for the current year, and the 
necessary farming implements to ihe value of two thousand dollars. 

Provided that, in case the homestead exceeds two thousand dollars 
in value, the beneficiary shall be entitled to that amount in case a sale 
of the homestead under any legal process realizes more than that sum. 

No husband shall have the benefit of a homestead whose wife owns 
and is in the actual enjoyment of property or means to the amount of 
two thousand dollars. 

Such exemptions, to be valid, shall be set apart and registered as 
shall be provided by law. The benefit of this provision may be claimed 
by the surviving spouse or minor child or children of a deceased bene- 
ficiary if in indigent circumstances. 

Art. 220. Laws ihall be passed as early as practicable for the set- 
ting apart, valuation and registration of property claimed as a home- 
stead. Rights to homesteads, or exemptions under laws or contracts, 
or for debts existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, 
shall not be impaired, repealed or affected by any provision of this Con- 
stitution, or any laws passed in pursuance thereof. No court or minis- 
terial officer of this State shall ever have jurisdiction or authority to 
enforce any judgment, execution or decree against the property set apart 
for a homestead, including such improvements as may be made thereon 
from time to time; provided, the property herein declared to be exempt; 
shall not exceed in value two thousand dollars. This exemption shall 
not apply to the following cases, to-wit: 

1. For the purchase price of said property, or any part thereof. 

2. For labor and material furnished for building, repairing on 
improving homesteads. 

3. For liabilities incurred by any public officer or fiduciary, or any 
attorney at law, for money collected or received on deposit. 

4. For lawful claims for taxes or assessment. 

Art. 221. The owner of a homestead shall at any time have the 
right to supplement his exemption by adding to an amount already set 
apart, which is less than the whole amount and exemption herein allowed, 
sufficient to make his homestead and exemption equal to the whole 
amount allowed by this Constitution. 

Art. 222. The homestead shall not be susceptible of mortgage, 
except for the purchase price, labor and material furnished for the 
building, repairing or improving homestead; nor shall any renunciation 
or waiver of homestead rights or exemptions be valid. The right to sell 
any property which shall be recorded as a homestead shall be preserved, 
but no sale shall destroy or impair any rights of creditors therein. 

Art. 223. Equitable laws shall be passed for the protection of cred- 
itors against the fraudulent claims of debtors, for the punishment of 
fraud, and for reaching property and funds of the debtor concealed 
from the creditor. 



208 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 



PUBLIC EDUCATION. 



Akt» 224. There shall be free public schools established by the 
General ^ssenfbly throughout the State for the education of all the 
children of the State between the ages of six and eighteen years; and 
the General Assembly shall provide for their establishment, mainten- 
ance and support by taxation, or otherwise, and all moneys raised, 
except the poll tax, shall be distributed to each parish in proportion to 
the number of children between the ages of six and eighteen years. 

Art. 225. There shall be elected by the qualified electors of the 
State a Superintendent of Public Education, who shall hold his office 
for the term of four years, and until his successor is qualified. His 
duties shall be prescribed by law and he shall receive an annual salary 
of two thousand dollars. The aggregate annual expenses of his office, 
including his salary, shall not exceed the sum of three thousand dollars. 
The General Assembly shall provide for the appointment of parish 
boards of public education for the different parishes. 

The parish boards may appoint a parish superintendent of public 
schools in their respective parishes, who shall be ex-offlcio secretary of 
the parish board, and whose salary for his double functions shall not 
exceed two hundred dollars annually, except that in the Parish of Orleans 
the salary of the parish superintendent shall be fixed by the General 
Assembly, to be paid out of the public fund accruing to each parish 
respectively. 

Art. 226. The general exercises in the public schools shall be con- 
ducted in the English language and the elementary branches taught 
therein; provided, that these elementary branches may be also taught in 
the Erench language in those parishes in the State, or localities in said 
parishes where the French language predominates, if no additional 
expense is incurred thereby. 

Art. 227. The funds derived from the collection of the poll tax 
shall be applied exclusively to the maintenance of the public schools 
as organized under this Constitution, and shall be applied exclusively 
to the support of the public schools in the parish in which the same shall 
be collected, and shall be accounted for and paid by the collecting 
officers directly to the competent school authorities of each parish, 

Art. 228. No funds raised for the support of the public school? 
of the State shall be appropriated to or used for the support of any 
sectarian schools. 

Art. 229. The school fund of this State shall consist of: 

1. The proceeds of taxation for school purposes, as provided in this 
Constitution. 

2. The interest on the proceeds of all public lands heretofore 
granted by the United States for the use and support of the public schools. 

3. Of lands and other property which may hereafter be bequeathed, 
granted or donated to the State, or generally for school purposes. 

4. All funds or property, other than unimproved lands, bequeathed 
or granted to the State, not designated for other purposes. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 209 

5. The proceeds of vacant estates falling under the law to the State 
of Louisiana. 

The Legislature may appropriate to the same fund the proceeds, in 
whole or in part, of public lands not designated for any other purpose, 
and shall provide that every parish may levy a tax for the public schools 
therein, which shall not exceed the State tax; provided, that with such 
a tax the whole amount of parish taxes shall not exceed the limits of 
parish taxation fixed by this Constitution. 

CONCERNING A STATE UNIVERSITY. 

Art. 230. The University of Louisiana, as at present established 
and located at New Orleans, is hereby recognized in its three depart- 
ments, to-wit: the law, the medical and the academical departments, to 
be governed and controlled by appropriate faculties. 

The General Assembly shall, from time to time, make such provision 
for the proper government, maintenance and support of said State Uni- 
versity of Louisiana, and all the departments thereof, as the public nec- 
essities and well-being of the people of the State of Louisiana may 
require, not to exceed ten thousand dollars annually. 

The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical 
College, now established and located in the City of Baton Rouge, is 
hereby recognized, and all revenues derived and to be derived from the 
sale of land or land scrip, donated by the United States to the State of 
Louisiana, for the use of a seminary of learning and mechanical and 
agricultural college, shall be appropriated exclusively to the maintenance 
and support of said University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, 
and the General Assembly shall, from time to time, make such additional 
appropriations for the maintenance and support of said Louisiana State 
University and Agricultural and Mechanical College as the public nec- 
essities and the well-being of the State of Louisiana may require, not to 
exceed ten thousand dollars annually. 

Art. 231. The General Assembly shall also establish in the City of 
New Orleans a university for the education of persons of color, provide 
for its proper government, and shall make an annual appropriation of 
not less than five thousand dollars nor more than ten thousand dollars 
for its maintenance and support. 

Art. 232. Women over twenty-one years of age shall be eligible to 
any office of control or management under the school laws of this State. 

THE FREE SCHOOL, SEMINARY AND AGRICULTURAL AND 
MECHANICAL COLLEGE EUND. 

Art. 233. The debt due by the State to the Free School Fund is 
hereby declared to be the sum of one million one hundred and thirty 
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven dollars and fifty-one cents in 
principal, and shall be placed on the books of the Auditor and Treasurer 
to the credit of the several townships entitled to the same; the said 



210 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

principal being the proceeds of the sales of lands heretofore granted by 
the United States for the use and support of the free public schools, 
which amount shall be held by the State as a loan, and shall be and' 
remain a perpetual fund on which the State shall pay an annual interest 
of four per cent, from the first day of January, 1880; and that said 
interest shall be paid to the several townships in the State entitled to the 
same, in accordance with the Act of Congress No. 68, approved February 
15, 1843; and the bonds of the State heretofore issued belonging to said 
fund and sold under Act of the General Assembly No. 81 of 1872 are 
hereby declared null and void, and the General Assembly shall make no 
provision for their payment, and may cause them to be destroyed. 

The debt due by the State to the Seminary Fund is hereby declared 
to be one hundred and thirty-six thousand dollars, being the proceeds 
of the sale of lands heretofore granted by the United States to the State 
for the use of a seminary of learning, and said amount shall be placed 
to the credit of said fund on the books of the Auditor and Treasurer 
of the State as a perpetual loan, and the State shall pay an annual inter- 
est of four per cent, on said amount from January 1, 1880, for the use 
of said seminary of learning; and the consolidated bonds of the State 
now held for use of said fund shall be null and void after the first day 
of January, 1880, and the General Assembly shall never make any pro- 
vision for their payment, and they shall be destroyed in such manner 
as the General Assembly shall direct. 

The debt due by the State to the Agricultural and Mechanical Col- 
lege Fund is hereby declared to be the sum of one hundred and eighty-two 
thousand three hundred and thirteen dollars and three cents, being the 
proceeds of the sales of lands and land scrip heretofore granted by the 
United States to this State for the use of a college for the benefit of 
agriculture, and the mechanic arts; said amount shall be placed to the 
credit of said fund on the books of the Auditor and Treasurer of the 
State as a perpetual loan, and the State shall pay an annual interest 
of five per cent, on said amount from January 1, 1880, for the use of said 
Agricultural and Mechanical College; the consolidated bonds of the 
State now held ,by the State for the use of said fund shall be null and 
void after the first day of January, 1880, and the General Assembly 
shall never make any provision for their payment, and they shall be 
destroyed in such manner as the General Assembly may direct. 

The interest provided for by this article shall be paid out of any 
tax that may be levied and collected for the general purposes of public 
education. 

CORPORATIONS AND CORPORATE RIGHTS. 

Art. 234. The General Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of 
the charter of any corporation now existing, nor renew, alter or amend 
the same, nor pass any general or special law for the benefit of such 
corporation, except upon the condition that such corporation shall there- 
after hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution, 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 21 I 

Art. 235. The exercise of the police power of the State shall never 
be abridged nor so construed as to permit corporations to conduct their 
business in such manner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals 
or the general well-being of the State. 

Art. 236. No foreign corporation shall do any business in this State 
without having one or more known places of business and an authorized 
agent or agents in the State upon whom process may be served. 

Art. 237. No corporation shall engage in any business other than 
that expressly authorized in its charter or incidental thereto, nor shall it 
take or hold any real estate for a longer period than ten years, except 
such as may be necessary and proper for its legitimate business or pur- 
poses. 

Art. 238. No corporation shall issue stock nor bonds, except for 
labor done or money or property actually received, and all fictitious issues 
of stock shall be void, and any corporation issuing such fictitious stock 
shall forfeit its charter. 

Art. 239. The stock shall not be increased, except in pursuance of 
general laws, nor without consent of persons holding the larger amount 
in value of the stock, first obtained at a meeting of stockholders to be 
held after thirty days' notice given in pursuance of law. 

Art. 240. The term corporation, as used in this Constitution, shall 
be construed to include all joint stock companies or associations having 
any power or privileges not possessed by individuals or partnerships. 

Art. 241. It shall be crime, the nature and punishment of which 
shall be prescribed by law, for any president, director, manager, cashier 
or other officer or owner of any private or public bank or banking insti- 
tution to assent to the reception of deposits or the creation of debts by 
such banking institution, after he shall have 'had knowledge of the fact 
that it is insolvent or in failing circumstances; such officer, agent or 
manager shall be individually responsible for such deposits so received 
and all such debts so created with his assent. 

Art. 242. The General Assembly shall have power to enact general 
laws authorizing the parochial or municipal authorities of the State, 
under certain circumstances, by a vote of the majority of the property 
taxpayers in numbers and in value, to levy special taxes in aid of public 
improvements or railway enterprises; provided, that such tax shall not 
exceed the rate of five mills per annum nor extend for a longer period 
than ten years. 

Art. 243. Any railroad corporation or association organized for the 
purpose shall have the right to construct and operate a railroad between 
any points within this State, and connect at the State line with railroads 
of other States. Every railroad company shall have the right with its 
road to intersect, connect with or cross any other railroad, and shall 
receive and transport each other's passengers, tonnage and cars, loaded 
or empty, without delay or discrimination. 

Art. 244. Railways heretofore constructed, or that may hereafter 



212 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

be constructed in this State, are hereby declared public highways, and 
railroad companies common carriers. 

Art. 245. Every railroad or other corporations, organized or doing 
business in this State, under the laws or authority thereoi, shall have 
and maintain a public omce or place in this State ior the transaction of 
its business, where transiers oi stock shall be made, and where shall be 
kept for public inspection books in which shall be recorded the amount of 
capital stock subscribed, the names of owners of stock, the amount* 
owned by them respectively, the amount of stock paid, and by whom, the 
transfers of said stock, with the date of transler, the amount of its 
assets and liabilities and the names and places of residence of its. officers. 

Art. 246. If any railroad company, organized under the laws of this 
State, shall consolidate, by sale or otherwise, with any railroad company 
organized under the laws of any other State or of the United States, the 
ta.jj.ti shall not thereby become a foreign corporation, but the courts of 
this State shall retain jurisdiction m all matters which may arise, as if 
said consolidation had not taken place. In no case shall any one consoli- 
dation take place except upon public notice of at least sixty days to all 
stockholders, in such manner as may be provided by law. 

Art. 247. General laws shall be enacted providing for the creation 
of private corporations, and shall therein provide fully for the adequate 
protection of the public and of the individual stockholder. 

Art. 248. The police juries of the several parishes and the consti- 
tuted authorities of all incorporated municipalities of the State shall 
alone have the power of regulating the slaughtering of cattle and other 
like stock within their respective limits ; provided, no monopoly or exclu- 
sive privilege shall exist in this State, nor such business be restricted to 
the land nor houses of any individual or corporation; provided, the ordi- 
nances designating the places for slaughtering shall obtain the concur- 
rent approval of the board of health or other sanitary organizations. 

PAROCHIAL AFFAIRS AND BOUNDARIES. 

Art. 249. The General Assembly may establish and organize new 
parishes, which shall be bodies corporate, with such powers as may be 
prescribed by law; but no new parish shall contain less than six hundred 
and twenty-five square miles, nor less than seven thousand inhabitants ; 
nor shall any parish be reduced below that area or number of inhabitants. 

Art. 250. All laws changing parish lines or removing parish seats 
shall, before taking effect, be submitted to the electors of the parish or 
the parishes to be effected thereby, at a special election held for that 
purpose, and be adopted by majority of votes of each parish cast at such 
election. 

Art. 251. Any parish may be dissolved and merged by the General 
Assembly into a contiguous parish or parishes, two-thirds of the qualified 
electors of the parish proposed to be dissolved voting in favor thereof 
at an election held for that purpose ; provided, that each of the parishes 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 213 

into which the dissolved parish proposes to become incorporated consents 
thereto by a majority of its qualified electors voting therefor. 

Art. 252. Whenever a parish shall be enlarged or created from ter- 
ritory contiguous thereto, it shall be entitled to a just proportion of the 
property assets, and liable for a just proportion of the existing debts or 
liabilities of the parish or parishes from which such territory shall be 
taken. 

THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS. 

Art. 253. The citizens of the City of New Orleans, or any political 
corporation which may be created within its limits, shall have the right 
of appointing the several public officers necessary for the administration 
of the police of said city, pursuant to the mode of election which shall be 
provided by the General Assembly. 

Art. 254. The General Assembly, at its next session after the adop- 
tion of the Constitution, shall enact such legislation as may be proper 
to liquidate the indebtedness of the City of New Orleans, and apply its 
assets to the satisfaction thereof. It shall have authority to cancel the 
charter of said city and remit its inhabitants to another form of govern- 
ment if necessary. In any such new form of government no salary shall 
exceed three thousand five hundred dollars. 

Art. 255. The General Assembly shall pass necessary laws to pre- 
vent sailors or others of the crew of foreign vessels from working on th* 3 
wharves and levees of the City of New Orleans; provided, there is no 
treaty between the United States and foreign powers to the contrary. 

AMENDMENT AND REVISION OF THE CONSTITUTION. 

Art. 256. Propositions for the amendment of this Constitution 
may be made by the General Assembly at any session thereof, and if 
two- thirds of all the members elected to each house shall concur therein, 
after such proposed amendments have been read in such respective houses 
on three separate days, such proposed amendment or amendments, to- 
gether with the yeas and nays thereon, shall be entered on the journal, 
and the Secretary of State shall cause the same to be published in two 
newspapers published in the Parish of Orleans and in one paper in each 
other parish of the State in which a newspaper is published, for three 
months preceding the next election for Representatives, at which time 
the said amendment or amendments shall be submitted to the electors 
for their approval or rejection; and, if a majority voting on said amend- 
ment or amendments shall approve and ratify the same, then such amend- 
ment or amendments so approved and ratified shall become a part of the 
Constitution. 

When more than one amendment shall be submitted at the same 
time, they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each 
amendment separately. The result of said election shall be made known 
by the proclamation of the Governor. 

Art. 257. The Constitution of this State, adopted in 1868, and all 



214 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 



SCHEDULE. 



amendments thereto, is declared to be superseded by this Constitution; 
and, in order to carry the same into effect, it is hereby declared and 
ordained as follows: 

Art. 258. All rights, actions, prosecutions, claims and contracts, 
as well as of individuals as of bodies corporate, and all laws in force at 
the time of the adoption of this Constitution, and not inconsistent there- 
with, shall continue as if the said Constitution had not been adopted. 
But the monopoly features in the charter of any corporation now exist- 
ing in the State, save such as may be contained in the charters of rail- 
road companies, are hereby abolished. 

Art. 259. In order that no inconvenience may result to the public 
service from the taking effect of this Constitution, no office shall be 
superseded thereby, but the laws of the State relative to the duties of 
the several officers — executive, judicial and military — shall remain in 
full force though the same be contrary to this Constitution, and the sev- 
eral duties shall be performed by the respective officers of the State 
according to the existing laws until the organization of the government 
under this Constitution and the entering into office of the new officers 
to be appointed or elected under said government, and no longer. 

Art. 260. Appointments to office by the Executive under this Con- 
stitution shall be made by the Governor to be elected under its authority. 

Art. 261. All causes in which appeals have been or may be here- 
after taken, or now pending in the Supreme Court under the Constitution 
of 1868, and of which jurisdiction has been vested by this Constitution 
in the courts of appeal, shall, after the adoption of this Constitution, 
be transferred for trial to the Court of Appeal of the circuit from which 
the appeal has been or may be taken. 

All other causes that may be pending in the Supreme Court, under 
the Constitution of 1868, shall be transferred to the Supreme Court 
created by this Constitution, as soon as it shall be organized. 

All causes that may be pending in all other courts, under the Con- 
stitution of 1868, upon the adoption of this Constitution and the organiz- 
ation of the courts created by this Constitution, shall be transferred to 
the courts respectively having jurisdiction thereof under this Consti- 
tution. 

Art. 262. Immediately after the adjournment of this Convention 
the Governor shall issue his proclammation, directing the several officers 
of the State authorized by law to hold elections for members of the 
General Assembly to open and hold a poll in every parish in the State 
at the places designated by law upon the first Tuesday in the month of 
December next, 1879, for the purpose of taking the sense of the good 
people of this State in regard to the adoption or rejection of this Con- 
stitution; and it shall be the duty of said officers to receive the votes of 
all persons entitled to vote under the Constitution of 1868. 

Each voter shall express his opinion by depositing in the ballot box 
a ticket whereon shall be written or printed, "For the Constitution," or 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 215 

"Against the Constitution," or some such words as will distinctly convey 
the intention of the voter. 

It shall also be the duty of the Governor, in his said proclamation, 
to direct the said officers authorized by law to hold elections to open and 
hold a poll at the above stated time and places for the election of Gov- 
ernor, Lieutenant Governor, members of the General Assembly, Secretary 
of State, Attorney General, State Auditor, and Superintendent of Public 
Education, and of all other officers whose election by the people is pro- 
vided for in this Constitution; and the names of the persons voted for 
shall be written or printed on the same ticket and deposited in the same 
box as the votes "for" or "against" the Constitution. 

And the said election for the adoption or rejection of the Consti- 
tution and for the said officers shall be conducted and the returns thereof 
made in conformity with the existing laws upon the subject of said 
elections. 

Upon the receipt of the said returns, or on the last Monday in 
December, 1879, if the returns be not sooner received, it shall be the 
duty of the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, the Secretary of State, 
and the Attorney General, in the presence of all such persons as may 
choose to attend, to compile the votes given at the said polls for ratifica- 
tion or rejection of this Constitution; and, if it shall appear from said 
returns that a majority of all the votes given on the question of adoption 
and rejection of the Constitution is for ratifying this Constitution, 
then it shall be the duty of the Governor to make immediate proclamation 
of the fact, and henceforth this Constitution shall be ordained and estab- 
lished as the Constitution of the State of Louisiana, and the General 
vAssemb 7 y elected in 1878 shall thereupon be dissolved. Whether this 
Constitution be adopted or rejected, it shall be the duty of the Governor 
to cause to be published in the official paper of the Convention the result 
of the polls, showing the number of votes cast in each parish for and 
against the Constitution. 

If the Constitution be ratified, it shall be the duty of the Secretary 
of State to examine and compile the returns and publish the result of the 
election of officers herein ordained and in the manner provided by exist- 
ing laws. 

Art. 263. The General Assembly first elected under this Constitu- 
tion shall convene in the City of New Orleans upon the second Monday 
in January next, 1880, after the election, and the Governor and Lieuten- 
ant Governor elected shall be duly installed in office during the first 
week of the session and before it shall be competent for the said General 
Assembly to proceed with the transaction of business beyond their own 
organization. 

Art. 264. The State Auditor, Attorney General, Secretary of State 
and Superintendent of Public Education, elected at the first election 
herein provided for, shall enter upon the discharge of the duties of their 
•respective offices on the second Monday of January, 1880, after comply- 
ing with the requisites of existing laws; and all other officers whose elec- 



216 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

tion or appointment is provided for by this Constitution shall enter 
upon the discharge of the duties of their respective offices on the first 
Monday of April, 1880, after complying with the requirements of exist- 
ing laws; until which period all officers under the Constitution of 1868 
shall receive the pay and emoluments provided for under said Constitu- 
tion ; provided, that the pay of the officers elected or appointed under this 
Constitution shall not commence until after their induction into office. 
The State Treasurer elected in November, 1878, shall continue in office 
as if elected at the election to be held on the first Tuesday in December, 
1879, but the salary of said officer shall be established by this Constitution 
from and after the second Monday in January, 1880. 

Art. 256. The time of service of all officers chosen by the people 
at the first election under this Constitution shall terminate as though 
the election had been holden on the first Tuesday after the first Monday 
in April, 1880. 

Art. 266. The judges of the courts of appeal, district Judges, city 
judges, district attorney, coroners, clerks of courts, sheriffs, recorder of 
mortgages and register of conveyances, all of whose election and appoint- 
ment are provided for by this Constitution, in the Parish of Orleans, 
shall only enter on the discharge of the duties of their respective offices 
on the first Monday of August, 1880, and the present incumbents shall 
continue until then in the performance of the duties of their respective 
offices and the enjoyment of the emoluments thereof as now prescribed 
by law. 

Art. 267. The General Assembly is required to make provision for 
paying J. B. Cosgrove, printer of the Convention, for the balance due 
him for work done previous to adjournment, and for all work that may 
be done by him after adjournment of the Convention by its direction, 
and shall make a special appropriation to liquidate the debt which this 
Convention has contracted, authorizing the Fiscal Agent of the State to 
negotiate a loan of twenty-five thousand dollars; and also for the pay- 
ment of such vouchers as may be issued by the chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Contingent Expenses, under the authority of this Convention, 
in excess of the foregoing appropriation, for the purpose of enabling this 
Convention to complete its work; provided, said vouchers are approved 
by the President of the Convention. 

Art. 268. There shall not be any municipal election in the cities 
of New Orleans and Shreveport in December, 1879 ; the General Assembly 
shall provide for a municipal election in the City of New Orleans or 
such municipal corporations as may be created within the territorial 
limits of the Parish of Orleans during the year 1880. The General 
Assembly shall fix the time for a municipal election in the City of 
Shreveport before April, 1884. 

LOUIS A. WILTZ, 
President and Delegate from the Ninth Representative District of the 

Parish of Orleans. 

WM. H. HAKRIS, Secretary. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 217 



MISCELLANEOUS ORDINANCES. 

RELIEF OF DELINQUENT TAXPAYERS. 

Article 1. Be it enacted by the people of the State of Louisiana, 
in Convention assembled — All interests, penalties, costs, fees and charges 
whatever on taxes and licenses due the State, or any political corporation 
therein, prior to the first day of January, 1879, and yet unpaid, are 
remitted, and all property forfeited to the State or any political corpora- 
tion on account of non-payment of taxes and licenses, or to which the 
State or any political corporation now has a title, shall be redeemable, 
and the title to the State or any political corporation thereto annulled 
upon the payment by the debtor, or any interested party, of the principal 
of all taxes and licenses that may be due thereon at the date of redemp- 
tion, and this right of redemption shall continue until the first day of 
January, 1881. In the event the principal of said taxes and licenses is 
not paid by said time, the interest, penalties, costs, fees and charges 
hereinbefore remitted shall revive and attach to the property upon which 
the taxes and licenses are due, and such property shall be then sold in 
the manner to be provided by law, and the title of the purchaser shall 
be full and complete; provided, that nothing herein contained shall be 
construed as affecting the rights of third persons who may have pur- 
chased property, legally assessed and sold at tax sales, or from the State, 
or any political corporation, after the same was legally forfeited to or 
purchased by the State or such corporation; and provided, further, that 
nothing in the ordinance shall be taken as granting any time for the 
payment of the principal of said taxes and licenses; and provided, fur- 
ther, that interest shall accrue and be collected on the principal of said 
delinquent taxes and licenses at the rate of eight per cent, per annum 
from January 1, 1880; and on all said taxes and licenses paid a discount 
of ten per cent, per annum shall be allowed from the date of payment to 
January 1, 1881. 

That all taxes and licenses due the State prior to January 1, 1879, 
may be paid as follows: 

1. That portion of said taxes and licenses due the General Fund 
and other funds, except as hereinafter provided, in any valid Auditor's 
warrants outstanding at the date of adoption of this Constitution, except 
all warrants issued prior to the first of January, 1874, and also all war- 
rants issued from the first of January, 1874, to first of January, 1875, 
for other purposes than for salaries of constitutional officers, or for the 
support of charitable institutions for the year 1874. 

That, at the option of the holders of any of said warrants, the said 
warrants may be funded in bonds of the denomination of five dollars, 
with interest coupons attached thereto, at the rate of three per cent, per 
annum interest from the first day of July, 1880; the said bonds to be 



218 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

due and payable six years from the first day of January, 1880, the said 
coupons being payable at the State Treasury on the first day of February 
and August of each year. 

All moneys received in the treasury for all taxes and licenses due 
the State prior to the first day of January, 1879, except such as are other- 
wise provided for by this ordinance, shall be set aside to pay the interest 
on said five-dollar bonds and to provide a sinking fund to redeem the 
same. The bonds above provided and interest coupons shall also be 
receivable for amounts due to the State for the redemption or purchase 
of property which has been forfeited or sold to the State for delinquent 
taxes and licenses of any of the years named in this article. The bonds 
so issued shall be receivable for the said taxes and licenses and the obliga- 
tions of the public charitable institutions of the State given for the pur- 
chase of necessary supplies of food, clothing, medicine and hire of em- 
ployees. 

2. That portion of said taxes and licenses due the Interest Fund, 
subsequent to January, 1874, in any matured coupons issued by the 
State since that. date. 

3. That portion of said tax due the Levee Fund since the year 
eighteen hundred and seventy-one to the year eighten hundred and sev- 
enty-six, inclusive of both years, in any valid warrants issued by the 
levee company and endorsed by the Auditor and Treasurer of the State, 
as follows: "Receivable for levee tax due for eighteen hundred and sev- 
enty-one to eighteen hundred and seventy-six, inclusive" ; and the 
Auditor and Treasurer are hereby authorized to so endorse warrants 
issued by the levee company, as provided above, to an amount sufficient 
to cover the balance due on the judgment recovered by said company in 
the case entitled Louisiana Levee Company vs. the State of Louisiana, 
No. 7163, in the Supreme Court of Louisiana. 

Be it further enacted, etc., that no Auditor's warrant shall be taken 
as valid for the purpose of payment of taxes and licenses or for funding 
as hereinbefore prescribed until the same shall have been examined by 
the Auditor, Treasurer and Attorney General of the State and endorsed 
by them as valid; said warrants, when so endorsed, may be surrendered 
to said officers and by them registered and canceled, and in lieu thereof 
rnVi Auditor and Treasurer shall issue certificates in sums of five, ten, 
twenty or fifty dollars, as may be desired by the holder of said warrants, 
whir-h shall be receivable for all taxes and licenses due the State prior 
to January 1, 1879, except the taxes due the Interest Fund and Levee 
Fund. 

Be it further ordained that all taxes and licenses due any parish 
or municipal corporation pHor to January 1, 1879, may be payable in any 
valid warrants, scrip or floating indebtendness of said parish or municipal 
corporation, except judgments. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 219 

INDEBTEDNESS OF THE STATE TO ITS FISCAL AGENT. 

Be it ordained by the people of the State of Louisiana in Convention 
Assembled — That the debt due from the State to its Fiscal Agent, being 
in amount one hundred and eighty-seven thousand seventy-seven dollars 
and twenty-four cents ($187,077.24), subject to such reduction as may 
result from credits arising out of taxes due to the Interest Fund since 
June 30, 1879, which said debt was created under the contract made be- 
tween the Board of Liquidators and the Fiscal Agent, under date of 
twenty-fifth May, 1877, and under Act No. 28, session of the Legislature 
of 1878, is hereby declared to be a valid obligation of the State; and the 
Legislature shall, at its first session after the adoption of this Constitu- 
tion, provide for the payment of the same, and the Fiscal Agent shall, 
as a condition precedent to said payment, surrender and deliver to the 
Auditor of the State for cancellation the interest coupons which were 
taken up and held by said Fiscal Agent at the time of making tihe 
advances which created the said indebtedness; but the interest to be 
allowed said Fiscal Agent shall be at the rate of four per cent, per annum 
until the debt is paid. 

LOAN BY FISCAL AGENT. 

Article 1. Be it ordained by the People of the State of Louisiana 
in Convention assembled — That the Fiscal Agent of this State shall be 
and is hereby empowered by authority of this Convention to negotiate 
a loan of twenty-five thousand dollars or so much thereof as may be 
necessary, at seven per cent, per annum, to defray the residue of the 
expenses of this Convention not provided for by the act of the General 
Assembly calling this Convention, and to enable the Convention to com- 
plete the work of framing the new Constitution. 

Art. 2. That sa'd loan shall be evidenced by certificates of indebt- 
edness, signed by the President of this Convention and countersigned by 
the Secretary thereof, under seal of this Convention, in sums of five 
hundred dollars or under, bearing seven per cent, per annum interest 
from the date of such certificates until paid, and payable on the fifteenth 
day of March, A. D. 1880, at the State National Bank of New Orleans, 
in the City of New Orleans. 

Art. 3. The first General Assembly convened under this Constitu- 
tion shall make a special appropriation to liquidate the debt which this 
Convention has contracted or may contract, as per ordinance adopted 
authorizing the Fiscal Acent of the State to negotiate a loan of twenty- 
five thousand dollars for the purpose of enabling this Convention to com- 
plete the work of framing this Constitution. 

LOUIS A. WILTZ, 

President and Delegate from, the Ninth Representative District of the 
Parish of Orleans. 

W^ r . H. IIARKIS, Secretary. 



220 CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 



STATE DEBT. 



Article 1. Be it ordained by the People of the State of Louisiana 
in Convention assembled — That the interest to be paid on the consoli- 
clat.d bonds of the State of Louisiana be and is hereby fixed at two per 
cent, per annum for five years from the first of January, 1880; three 
per cent, per annum for fifteen years, and four per cent, per annum 
thereafter, payable semi-annually; and there shall be levied an annual 
tax sufficient for the full payment of said interest, not exceeding three 
mills, the limit of all State tax being hereby fixed at six mills; provided, 
the holders of consolidated bonds may, at their option, demand in 
exchange for the bonds held by them bonds of the denomination of five 
dollars, one hundred dollars, five hundred dollars, one thousand dollars, 
to be issued at the rate of seventy-five cents on the dollar of bonds held 
and to be surrendered by such holders ; the said new issue to bear interest 
at the rate of four per cent, per annum, payable semi-annually. 

Art. 2. The holders of the consolidated bonds may at any time pre- 
sent their bonds to the Treasurer of the State, or an agent to be ap- 
pointed by the Governor — one in the City of New York and the other 
in the City of London — and the said Treasurer or agent, as the case may 
be, shall endorse or stamp thereon the words "interest reduced to two per 
cent, per annum for five years, from January 1, 1880; three per cent, 
per annum for fifteen years, and four per cent, per annum thereafter"; 
provided, the holder or holders of said bonds may apply to the Treasurer 
for an exchange of bonds, as provided in the preceding article. 

Art. 3. Be it further ordained — That the coupons of said consoli- 
dated bonds falling due the first of January, 1880, be and the same are 
hereby remitted, and any interest taxes collected to meet said coupons 
are hereby transferred to defray the expenses of the State government. 

Be it further ordained, and it is hereby ordained by this Constitu- 
tional Convention, that the foregoing provisions and articles relative to 
the consolidated debt shall not form a part of this Constitution, except 
as hereinafter provided, as follows: 

At the election held for the ratification or rejection of this Consti- 
tution it shall be lawful for each voter to have written or printed on his 
ballot, the words, "For ordinance relative to State debt," or the words 
"Against ordinance relative to State debt"; and, in the event that a 
majority of the ballots- so cast have endorsed on them the words, "For 
ordinance relative to State debt," then the said foregoing provisions and 
articles of this ordinance shall form a part of the Constitution submitted, 
if the same is ratified; and, if a majority of the votes cast shall have 
endorsed on them the words, "Against ordinance relative to State debt," 
then said provisions and articles shall form no part of this Constitution. 

LOUIS A. WILTZ, 
President and Delegate from the Ninth Representative District of the 

Parish of Orleans. 
WM. H. HARRIS, Secretary. 



AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 221 



AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 



ACT NO. 76 OF 1882. 

STATE DEBT. 

Article 1. Be it ordained hy the People of the State of Louisiana 
as provided hy law — That the State Debt Ordinance be amended so as to 
read as follows: That the interest to be paid on the Consolidated Bond? 
of the State of Louisiana be and is hereby fixed at two per centum per 
annum for five years, from the first day of January, one thousand eight 
hundred and eighty (1880), and four per centum per annum thereafter, 
payable semi-annually; and there shall be levied an annual tax sufficient 
for the full payment of said interest, not exceeding three mills, the limit 
of State tax for all purposes being hereby fixed at six mills, and said 
bonds and coupons shall be duly stamped: "Interest reduced to two per 
centum per annum for five years from January first, one thousand eight 
hundred and eighty, and four per centum per annum thereafter." 

Art. 2. That the holders of the Consolidated Bonds may, at any 
t >Me. 'ii o"der that the coupons mav n- ■"> ; d. present their bonds to the 
Treasurer of the State, or to agents to be appointed by the Governor, 
one in the City of New York and the other in the City of London, Eng- 
land; and the said Treasurer, or agents, as the case may be, shall endorse 
or stamp thereon the words: "Interest reduced to two per centum per 
annum for five years from January first, one thousand eight hundred and 
eighty (1880), and four per centum per annum thereafter"; and said 
Treasurer or agent shall endorse or stamp on said coupons the following 
words: "Interest reduced to two per centum per annum," or "Interest 
reduced to four per centum per annum," as the case may be. 



ACT NO. 125 OF 1882. 

Art. 81. The Supreme Court, except in cases hereinafter provided, 
shall have appellate jurisdiction only, which jurisdiction shall extend to 
all cases when the matter in dispute, or the fund to be distributed, what- 
ever may be the amount therein claimed, shall exceed two thousand dol- 
lars, exclusive of interest; to suits of divorce and separation from bed 
and board; to suits for nullity of marriage; to suits involving the rights 
of homesteads; to suits for interdiction, and to all cases in which the 



222 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

constitutionality or legality of any tax, toll or impost whatever, or of 
any fine, forfeiture or penalty imposed by a municipal corporation shall 
be in contestation, whatever may be the amount thereof, and in such 
cases the appeal on the law and the facts shall be directly from the court 
in which the case originated to the Supreme Court ; and to criminal cases 
on questions of law alone, whenever the punishment of death or imprison- 
ment at hard labor may be inflicted, or a fine exceeding three hundred 
dollars ($300) is actually imposed. 

Art. 95. The Court of Appeals, except in cases hereinafter pro- 
vided, shall have appellate jurisdiction only, which jurisdiction shall 
extend in all cases, civil or probate, when the matter in dispute or the 
funds to be distributed shall exceed one hundred dollars, exclusive of 
interest. 

Art. 101. Whenever the judges composing the courts of appeal shall 
concur, their judgment shall be final. Whenever there shall be a disa- 
greement, the two judges shall appoint a lawyer having the qualifications 
for a judge of the Court of Appeals of their circuit, who shall aid in the 
determination of the case; a judgment concurred in by any two of them 
shall be final. 

Art. 128. There shall be in the Parish of Orleans a Court of 
Appeals for said parish, with exclusive appellate jurisdiction in all mat- 
ters, civil and probate, arising in said parish, when the amount in dispute 
or fund to be distributed exceeds one hundred dollars, exclusive of 
interest, and does not exceed two thousand dollars, exclusive of interest; 
said court shall be presided over by two judges, who shall be elected by 
the General Assembly, in joint session ; they shall be residents and voters 
of the City of New Orleans, possessing all the qualifications necessary 
for judges of circuit courts of appeal throughout the State; they shall 
each receive an annual salary of four thousand dollars, payable monthly 
upon their respective warrants. Said appeals shall be upon questions of 
law alone, in all cases involving less than five hundred dollars, exclusive 
of interest, and upon the law and the facts in other cases. It shall sit 
in the City of New Orleans from the first Monday of November to the 
]pst Monday in June in each year; it shall have authority to issue writs 
of mandamus, prohibition, certiorari and habeas corpus in aid of its 
appellate jurisdiction. 

Art. 130. ' For the Parish of Orleans there shall be two District 
Courts and no more. One of said courts shall be known as "The Civil 
District Court for the Parish of Orleans," and the other as "The Criminal 
District Court for the Parish of Orleans." The former shall consist of 
not less than five judges, and the latter not less than two judges, having 
ihn ^n^ficationa prescribed for district judges throughout the State. 
r "^-~ ^.,;,i inVlp-es shall be appointed by the Governor, by and with the 
advice and consent of the Senate, for the term of eight years. The first 
appointment shall be made as follows : Three judges of the Civil District 
Court for four years, and two judges for eight years. One judge of the 
Criminal District Court for four years, and one for eight years ; the terms 



AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 223 

to be designated in their commissions. The said judges shall receive each 
four thousand dollars per annum. Said Civil District Court shall have 
exclusive and general probate, and exclusive jurisdiction in all cases 
wiien the amount in dispute or to be distributed exceeds one hundred 
dollars, exclusive of interest; and exclusive of appellate jurisdiction from 
courts of the Parish of Orleans when the amount in dispute 
exceeds twenty-five dollars, exclusive of interest. All causes filed in said 
courts shall be equally allotted and assigned among said judges, in 
accordance with rules of court to be adopted for the purpose. In case of 
recusation of any judge in any cause, such cause shall be reassigned; or, 
in case of absence from the parish, sickness or the disability of the judge 
to whom said cause may have been assigned, any judge of said court may 
issue or grant conservatory writs or orders. In other respects each judge 
shall have exclusive control over every cause assigned to him from its 
inception to its final determination in said court. The Criminal District 
Court shall have criminal jurisdiction only. All prosecutions instituted 
in said court shall be equally apportioned between said judges by lot. 
Pf»i h judge or his successor shall have exclusive control over every cause 
falling to him from its inception to its final determination in said court. 
In case of vacancy or recusation, causes assigned shall be reassigned 
under order of court. 

Art. 135. There shall be in the City of New Orleans four city 
courts, one of which shall be located in that portion of the city on the 
right bank of the Mississippi river, presided over by judges having all 
the qualifications required of a district judge, and shall be elected by 
the qualified voters for the term of four years; they shall have exclusive 
jurisdiction over all sums not exceeding one hundred dollars, exclusive 
of interest, subject to an appeal to the Civil District Court when the 
amount claimed exceeds twenty-five dollars, exclusive of interest. The 
General Assembly shall regulate the salaries, territorial division of juris- 
diction, the manner of executing their process, the fee bill, and proceed- 
ings which shall govern them; they shall have authority to execute com- 
missions, to take testimony, and shall receive therefor such fees as may 
be allowed by law. The General Assembly may increase the number of 
city courts for the said parish — not to exceed eight in all, until otherwise 
provided by law; each of said courts shall have one clerk, to be elected for 
the term of four years by the qualified voters of the parish, who shall 
receive a salary of twelve hundred dollars per annum, and no more, and 
whose qualifications, bonds and duties shall be regulated by law. 

ACT NO. 113 OF 1882. 

Art • Mud charges fixed by law for the various civil 

courts of the Parish of Orleans, and for the register of conveyances and 
recorder of mortgages of said parish shall enure to the State; and all 
sums realized therefrom shall be set aside and held as a special fund, 
out of which shall be paid, by preference, the expenses of the clerk of 



224 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

the Civil District Court, the clerks of the city courts, the register of con- 
veyances and the recorder of mortgages for the Parish of Orleans; pro- 
vided, that the State will never make any payment to any sheriff, clerk, 
register of conveyances or recorder of mortgages of the Parish of 
Orleans, or any of their deputies, for salary or other expenses of their 
respective offices, except from the special fund provided for by this 
article; and any appropriation made contrary to this provision shall be 
null and void. 

ACT NO. 88 OP 1886. 

Art. 62. That, in the event of the death, or from whatever cause 
the office of Lieutenant Governor shall become vacant, then and in that 
event the President pro tempore of the Senate shall fill the office of 
Lieutenant Governor, performing all the duties incident to the office and 
receiving its emoluments. 



JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 28 OF 1886. 

Art. 117. In those districts composed of one parish there shall not 
be less than six terms of the District Court each year. In all other 
districts there shall be in each parish not less than four terms of the 
District Court each year, except in the parishes of Cameron, Franklin 
and Vernon, in which there shall not be less than two terms of the Dis- 
trict Court each year. Until provided by law, the terms of the District 
Cou t in each parish shall be fixed by rule of said court, which shall not 
be changed without notice by publication at least thirty days prior to 
such change. 

There shall be in each parish not less than two jury terms each year, 
at which a grand jury shall be impaneled, excepting the parishes of 
Cameron, Franklin and Vernon, in which there shall not be less than one 
jury term each year, at which a grand jury shall be impaneled. 

At other jury terms the General Assembly shall provide for special 
juries when necessary for the trial of criminal cases. 



JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 75 OF 1886. 

Art. 180. The New Basin Canal and Shell Road and their appur- 
tenances shall not be leased nor alienated. 

JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 92 OF 1886. 

Art. 207. The following property shall be exempt from taxation, 
and no other, viz.: All public property, places of religious worship or 
burial, all charitable inslitutions, all buildings and property used ex- 
clusively for colleges of other school purposes, the real and personal 
estate of any public library and *that of any other literary association 



AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 225 

used by or connected with such library, all books and philosophical appar- 
atus, and all paintings and statuary of any company or association kept 
in a public hall; provided, the property so exempted be not used or leased 
for purposes of private or corporate profit or income. There shall also 
be exempt from taxation household property to the value of five hundred 
dollars; there shall also be exempt from taxation and license for a period 
of twenty years from the adoption of the Constitution of 1879 the capital, 
machinery and other property employed in the manufacture of textile 
fabrics, leather, shoes, harness, saddlery, hats, flour, machinery, agri- 
cultural implements, manufacture of ice, fertilizers and chemicals, and 
furniture and other articles of wood, marble or stone, soap, stationery, 
ink and paper, boat building and chocolate; provided, that not less 
than five hands are employed in any one factory. 

ACT NO. 43 OF 1884. 

Art. 269. The terms of Act No. 43 of the regular session of 1884, 
adopted at the session of the Legislature in the year 1884, are hereby 
ratified and approved, and all provisions of the Constitution of 1879 re- 
pugnant thereto, or in any way impairing the passage thereof, are hereby 
repealed, so far as the operations of said act are concerned. 



JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 112 OF 1884. 

Art. 270. The General Assembly may divide the State into Levee 
Districts and provide for the appointment or election of Levee Com- 
missioners in said districts, who shall, in the method and manner to be 
provided by law, have supervision of the erection, repair and maintenance 
of the levees in said districts; to that effect the Levee Commissioners 
may levy a tax not to exceed ten mills on the taxable property situated 
within the alluvial portions of said districts subject to overflow; provided 
that, in case of necessity to raise additional funds for the purpose of 
constructing, preserving or repairing any levees protecting the lands 
of a district, the rate of taxation herein limited may be increased when 
the rate of such increase and the necessity and purpose for which 
it is intended shall have been submitted to a vote of the property tax- 
payers of such district, paying taxes for himself, or in any representa- 
tive capacity, whether resident or non-resident, on property situated 
within the alluvial portion of said district subject to overflow, and a 
majority of those in number and value, voting at such election, shall 
have voted therefor. 



JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 110, OF 1890. 

Art. 271. Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Represen- 
tatives of the State of Louisiana, two-thirds of all the members elected to 
each house concurring, That the following amendments to the Con- 



226 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 

stitution of the State be submitted to the electors of the State at the 
next election for Eepresentatives for the General Assembly in the year 
1892, for the purpose of retiring the now existing valid outstanding bonds 
of the city^of New Orleans, including the bond certificates of bonds is- 
sued under the act of the Legislature, No. 58, of 1882, and to retire 
judgments now or hereafter rendered against the city on floating debt 
claims prior to 1879, entitled to be funded under act No. 67, of 1884, the 
said city of New Orleans is hereby authorized and directed, on and 
after the adoption of this amendment, to issue, through the Board of 
Liquidation of the City Debt, bonds to be known as the Constitutional 
Bonds of the City of New Orleans, not to exceed ten millions of dol- 
lars, at fifty years, bearing four per cent, per annum interest, to bear 
date and be in the form prescribed by the Legislature. The said bonds 
shall be applied by the said board to the retirement of said outstanding 
bonds and judgments, by the sale of said constitutional bonds, and ap- 
plication of the proceeds of sale by the Board of Liquidation to pay or 
purchase said outstanding bonds and judgments, or by exchanging the 
said constitutional bonds for bonds on the terms and in the mode pre- 
scribed by the Legislature. For the payment of the interest and princi- 
pal at maturity of said constitutional bonds, and other outstanding 
bonds not retired under this amendment, and for the payment of the 
annual allotments and premiums of the premium bonds of said city, 
the said city is hereby authorized and directed to levy annually, and 
until the full payment of said bonds, a special tax of one per cent, on 
all the real and personal property of the city, said tax to be a part 
of and not in addition to the tax of twenty mills and two-tenths of a 
mill on the dollars of valuation now levied for all purposes by the 
city of New Orleans, and the said tax shall be paid over as collected 
to, and be applied by, the Board of Liquidation, to the payment of 
the interest and principal at maturity of said constitutional bonds, and 
outstanding bonds not retired, and to the payment of the allotments of 
premiums extant, in the hands of holders. 

Said tax is hereby declared to be the contract right of the holders of 
all said bonds; and the exemption of said constitutional bonds from all 
taxation by the city of New Orleans and State of Louisiana is hereby 
recognized and declared, and after payment of all the annual interest on 
said constitutional bonds and bonds not retired, and the payment of the 
said annual allotments of premium bonds and premiums extant in the 
hands of holders, and after making provisions for a sinking fund, at such 
time and of such an amount as the Legislature prescribes, the surplus 
of said one per cent, shall be disposed of as prescribed by the Legislature. 

The act passed at the present session, No. 36, entitled "An act to carry 
into effect the constitutional amendment passed at the present session 
relative to the bond debt of the city of New Orleans," etc., be and is 
hereby approved in all its parts as a contract between the city of New 



AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION OF 1879. 227 

Orleans and the holders of said constitutional bonds, premium bonds, and 
of the bonds outstanding not retired, as aforesaid. 

Sec. 2. Be it further resolved, etc., That the city of New Orleans be 
and is hereby authorized and empowered to examine into and assume the 
payment of the claims or obligations of the Board of School Directors tor 
the city and parishes of Orleans due for the years 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883 
and 1884, now in the hands of original owners, who have in no wise parted 
with their right of ownership or pledged the same, as may be found to be 
equitably due by said board for services rendered, labor performed or 
materials furnished by authority of said board. 

Sec. 3. Be it further resolved, etc., That all electors voting at said 
election for said amendments shall place upon their ballots the words, "For 
the city of New Orleans debt amendment," and all electors voting at said 
election against amendment shall place on their ballots the words. "Against 
the city of New Orleans debt amendment." 



Constitution of 1898 

Adopted at New Orleans, May 12, 1898. 



PREAMBLE. 



We, the people of the State of Louisiana, grateful to Almighty God 
for the civil, political and religious liberties we enjoy, and desiring to 
secure the continuance of these blessings, do ordain and establish this Con- 
stitution. 

BILL OF RIGHTS. 

Art. 1. All government, of right, originates with the people, is 
founded on their will alone and is instituted solely for the good of the 
whole. Its only legitimate end is to secure justice to all, preserve peace 
and promote the interest and happiness of the people. 

Art. 2. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property, ex- 
cept by due process of law. 

Art. 3. No law shall ever be passed to curtail or restrain the liberty 
of speech or of the press; any person may speak, write and publish his 
sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that lib- 
erty. 

Art. 4. Every person has the natural right to worship God, according 
to the dictates of his conscience, and no law shall be passed respecting an 
establishment of religion. 

Art. 5. The people have the right peaceably to assemble and apply 
to those vested with the powers of government for a redress of grievances 
by petition or remonstrance. 

Art. 6. All courts shall be open, and every person for injury done 
him in his rights, lands, goods, person or reputation shall have adequate 
remedy by due process of law and justice administered without denial, 
partiality or unreasonable delay. 

Art. 7. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, 
papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be 
violated and no warrant shall issue except upon probable cause, supported 
by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched 
and the persons or things to be seized. 

Art. 8. A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a 
free State, the right of the peopje to keep and bear arms shall not be 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 229 

abridged. This shall not prevent the passage of laws to punish those 
who carry weapons concealed. 

Art. 9. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have the right 
to a speedy public trial by an impartial jury ; provided, that cases in which 
the penalty is not necessarily imprisonment at hard labor, or death, shall 
be tried by the court without a jury or by a jury less than twelve in num- 
ber, as provided elsewhere in the Constitution; provided further, that all 
trials shall take place in the parish in which the offense was committed, 
unless the venue be changed. The accused in every instance shall have 
the right to be confronted with the witnesses against him; he shall have 
the right to defend himself, to have the assistance of counsel, to have com- 
pulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor. Prosecutions shall 
be by indictment or information ; but the Legislature may provide for the 
prosecution of misdemeanors on affidavits ; provided, that no person shall 
be held to answer for a capital crime unless on a presentment or indictment 
by a grand jury except in cases arising in the militia when in actual 
service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person "be twice put 
in jeopardy of life or liberty for the same offense, except, on his own 
application for a new trial, or where there is a mistrial, or a motion in 
arrest of judgment is sustained. 

Art. 10. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be informed 
of the nature and cause of the accusation against him; and when tried 
hy jury shall have the right to challenge jurors peremptorily, the number 
of challenges to be fixed by law. 

Art. 11. No person shall be compelled to give evidence against him- 
self in a criminal case, or in any proceeding that may subject him to crimi- 
nal prosecution, except as otherwise provided in this Constitution. 

Art. 12. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines 
imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted. All persons shall 
be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless for capital offenses where the proof 
is evident or presumption great, or unless after conviction for any crime 
or offense punishable with death or imprisonment at hard labor. 

Art. 13. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be sus- 
pended, unless when, in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may 
require it. 

Art. 14. The military shall be in subordination to the civil power. 

Art. 15. This enumeration of rights shall not be construed to deny 
or impair other rights of the people not herein expressed. 

DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS. 

Art. 16. The powers of the government of the State of Louisiana 
shall be divided into three distinct departments, each of them to be con- 
fided to a separate body of magistracy, to-wit Those which are legislative 
to one, those which are executive to another, and those which are judicial 
to another. 

Art. 17. No one of these departments, nor any person or collection of 



230 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

persons holding office in one of them, shall exercise power properly belong- 
ing to either of the others, except in the instances hereinafter expressly 
directed or permitted. 

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 

APPORTIONMENT. 

Art. 18. Representation in the House of Representatives shall be 
equal and uniform and shall be based upon population. Each parish and 
each ward of the City of New Orleans shall have at least one representa- 
tive. At its first regular session after the United States census of 1900, 
and after each census thereafter, the General Assembly shall, and it is 
hereby directed to apportion the representation among the several parishes 
and Representative Districts on the basis of the total population shown by 
such census. A representative number shall be fixed, and each parish and 
Representative District shall have as many Representatives as such repre- 
sentative number is contained in the total number of the inhabitants of 
such parish or Representative District and one additional Representative 
for every fraction exceeding one-half the representative number. The 
number of Representatives shall not be more than one hundred and six- 
teen nor less than ninety-eight. 

Art. 19. The General Assembly, in every year in which it shall 
apportion representation in the House of Representatives, shall divide the 
State into Senatorial Districts. No parish shall be divided in the forma- 
tion of a Senatorial District, the Parish of Orleans excepted. Whenever 
a new parish is created, it shall be attached to the Senatorial District from 
which most of its territory is taken, or to another contiguous district, at 
the discretion of the General Assembly, but shall not be attached to more 
than one district. The number of Senators shall not be more than forty- 
one nor less than thirty-six, and they shall be apportioned among the 
Senatorial Districts according to the total population contained in the sev- 
eral districts. 

Art. 20. Until an enumeration shall have been made in accordance 
with Articles 18 and 19, the State shall be divided into the following 
Senatorial Districts, with the number of Senators hereinafter apportioned 
to each district : 

The First Senatorial District shall be composed of the First and Sec- 
ond Wards of the Parish of Orleans, and shall elect one Senator ; 

The Second Senatorial District shall be composed of the Third Ward 
of the Parish of Orleans, and shall elect one Senator; 

The Third Senatorial District shall be composed of the Fourth, Fifth, 
Sixth and Seventh Wards of the Parish of Orleans, and shall elect two 
Senators ; 

The Fourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Eighth and 
Ninth Wards of the Parish of Orleans, and of the Parishes of St. Bernard 
and Plaquemines, and shall elect two Senators ; 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 231 

The Fifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Tenth Ward, 
ana shall elect one Senator ; 

l^ie Sixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Eleventh, 
Twelfth, Ihirteenth and Fourteenth Wards, and shall elect two Senators; 

The Seventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the Fifteenth, 
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Wards, and shall elect one Senator; 

The Eighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Parishes of 
Jefferson, St. Charles and St. John the Baptist, and shall elect one 
Senator ; 

The Ninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Parishes of 
St. James and Ascension and shall elect one Senator; 

The Tenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Parishes of 
Terrebonne, Lafourche and Assumption, and shall elect two Senators; 

The Eleventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the Parishes 
of St. Mary and Vermilion, and shall elect one Senator; 

The Twelfth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Parishes 
of Cameron and Calcasieu, and shall elect one Senator; 

The Thirteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Parishes 
of St. Martin, Iberia and Lafayette, and shall elect two Senators; 

The Fourteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Parishes 
of St. Landry and Acadia, and shall elect two Senators; 

The Fifteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Parishes 
of Avoyelles and Pointe Coupee, and shall elect one Senator; 

The Sixteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Parishes 
of Iberville and West Baton Rouge, and shall elect one Senator; 

The Seventeenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Par- 
ishes of East and West Feliciana, and shall elect one Senator; 

The Eighteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Parish 
of East Baton Rouge, and shall elect one Senator; 

The Nineteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Parishes 
of St. Helena, Livingston, Tangipahoa, Washington and St. Tammany, 
and shall elect two Senators; 

The Twentieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Parishes 
of Rapides and Vernon, and shall elect one Senator; 

The Twenty-first Senatorial District shall be composed of the Par- 
ishes of Natchitoches, Sabine, DeSoto and Red River, and shall elect two 
Senators ; 

The Twenty-second Senatorial District shall be composed of the Par- 
ish of Caddo, and shall elect one Senator; 

The Twenty-third Senatorial District shall be composed of the Par- 
ishes of Webster and Bossier, and shall elect one Senator; 

The Twenty-fourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the 
Parishes of Bienville and Claiborne, and shall, elect one Senator; 

The Twenty-fifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Par- 
ishes of Union, Lincoln, Morehouse and West Carroll, and shall elect 
two Senators ; 



232 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

The Twenty-sixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Par- 
ishes of Ouachita and Jackson, and shall elect one Senator; 

The Twenty-seventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the 
Parishes of Winn, Caldwell and Grant, and shall elect one Senator; 

The Twenty-eighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the 
Parishes of East Caroll and Madison, and shall elect one Senator; 

The Twenty-ninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Par- 
ishes of Tensas and Concordia, and shall elect one Senator; 

The Thirtieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the Parishes 
of Richland, Franklin and Catahoula, and shall be entitled to one Sen- 
ator; 

Thirty-nine (39) Senators in all. 

And the Representatives shall be apportioned among the parishes 
and Representative Districts as follows: 

For the Parish of New Orleans — 

First Representative District, First Ward, one Representative; 

Second Representative District, Second Ward, two Representatives; 

Third Representative District, Third Ward, three Representatives; 

Fourth Representative District, Fourth Ward, one Representative; 

Fifth Representative District, Fifth Ward, two Representatives; 

Sixth Representative District, Sixth Ward, one Representative; 

Seventh Representative District, Seventh Ward, two Representatives ; 

Eighth Representative District, Eighth Ward, one Representative; 

Ninth Representative District, Ninth Ward, two Representatives; 

Tenth Representative District, Tenth Ward, two Representatives; 

Eleventh Representative District, Eleventh Ward, two Representa- 
tives ; 

Twelfth Representative District, Twelfth Ward, one Representative; 

Thirteenth Representative District, Thirteenth Ward, one Rpresenta- 
tive; 

Fourteenth Representative District, Fourteenth Ward, one Repre- 
sentative ; 

Fifteenth Representative District, Fifteenth Ward, one Representa- 
tive; 

Sixteenth Representative District, Sixteenth Ward, one Representa- 
tive; 

Seventeenth Representative District, Seventeenth Ward, one Repre- 
sentative. 

The Parishes of Acadia, West Baton Rouge, Bienville, Caldwell, 
Cameron, East Carroll, West Carroll, Catahoula, Franklin, Grant, Jack- 
son, Jefferson, Lincoln, Livingston, Plaquemines, Red River, Richland, 
Sabine, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. Helena, St. John the Baptist, St. 
Tammany, Tangipahoa* Vermilion, Vernon, Washington, Webster and 
Winn each one Representative; 

The Parishes of Ascension, Assumption, Avoyelles, East Baton 
Rouge, Bossier, Calcasieu, Claiborne, Concordia, DeSoto, East Feliciana, 
West Feliciana, Iberia, Iberville, Lafourche, Lafayette, Madison, More- 



CONSTITUTION OF 1S98. 23-°» 

house, Natchitoches, Pointe Coupee, Ouachita, Rapides, St. James, St. 
Mary, St. Martin, Tensas, Terrebonne, Union each two Representatives ; 

The Parishes of Caddo and St. Landry, each, three Representatives. 

This apportionment of Senators and Representatives shall not be 
changed or altered in any manner until after the enumeration shall have 
been taken by the United States. After the year 1902 the apportionment 
made in this article shall cease to exist. 

GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 

Art. 21. The legislative power of the State shall be vested in a 
General Assembly, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Repre- 
sentatives. 

Art. 22. The style of the laws of this State shall be : "Be it enacted 
by the General Assembly of the State of Louisiana." 

Art. 23. The General Assembly shall meet at the seat of govern- 
ment on the third Monday of May, 1898, at 12 o'clock noon, and bienni- 
ally thereafter, on the second Monday of May, and the sessions thereof 
shall be limited to sixty days. Should a vacancy occur in either House, 
the Governor shall order on election to fill such vacancy for the remainder 
of the term. 

Art. 24. Every elector under this Constitution shall be eligible to 
a seat in the House of Representatives, and every elector who has reached 
the age of twenty-five years shall be eligible to the Senate ; provided, that 
no person shall be eligible to the General Assembly unless at the time of 
his election he has been a citizen of the State for five years, and an actual 
resident of the State for five years, and an actual resident of the district 
or parish from which he may be elected for two years immediately pre- 
ceding his election. The seat of any member who may change his resi- 
dence from the district or parish which he represents shall thereby be 
vacated, any declaration of a retention of domicile to the contrary not- 
withstanding; and members of the General Assembly shall be elected for 
a term of four years. 

Art. 25. Each house shall be the judge of the qualifications, elec- 
tions and returns of its own members, choose its own officers, except 
President of the Senate, determine the rules of its proceedings, and may 
punish its members for disorderly conduct and contempt, and, with the 
concurrence of two-thirds of all its members elected, expel a member. 

Art. 26. Either house, during the session, may punish by impris- 
onment any person not a member who shall have been guilty of direspect, 
or disorderly or contemptuous behavior; but such imprisonment shall not 
exceed ten days for each offense. 

Art. 27. No Senator or Representative shall, during the term for 
which he was elected, nor for one year thereafter, be appointed or elected 
to any civil office of profit under this State which may have been created 
or the emoluments of which may have been increased by the General 
Assembly during the time such Senator or Representative was a member 
thereof. 



234 Constitution of 1898. 

Art. 28. The members of the General Assembly shall in all cases, 
except treason, felony, or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest 
during their attendance at the sessions of their respective houses, and u] 
going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in 
either house they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

Art. 29. The members of the General Assembly shall receive a 
compensation not to exceed five dollars per day during their attendance, 
and five cents per mile going to and returning from the seat of govern- 
ment. 

Art. 30. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and 
cause the same to be published immediately after the close of the session; 
when practicable, the minutes of each day's session shall be printed and 
placed in the hands of members on the day following. The original 
journal shall be preserved, after publication, in the office of the Secretary 
of State, but there shall be required no other record thereof. 

Art. 31. Every law enacted by the General Assembly shall embrace 
but one object, and that shall be expressed in its title. 

Art. 32. No law shall be revived, or amended by reference to its 
title, but in such cases the act revived or section as amended shall be 
re-enacted and published at length. 

Art. 33. The General Assembly shall never adopt any system or 
code of laws by general reference to such system or code of laws; but in 
all cases shall recite at length the several provisions of the laws it may 
enact. 

Art. 34. Not less than a majority of the members of each house of 
the General Assembly shall form a quorum to transact business, but a 
smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and shall have power to 
compel the attendance of absent members. 

Art. 35. Neither house, during the sitting of the General Assembly, 
shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, 
nor to any other place than that in which it may be sitting. 

Art. 36. The yeas and nays on any question in either house shall, 
at the desire of one-fifth of the members elected, be entered on the 
journal. 

Art. 37. All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall 
originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may propose 
or concur in amendments as in other bills. 

Art. 38. No bill, ordinance or resolution intended to have the effect 
of a law, which shall (have) been rejected by either house, shall be again 
proposed in the same house during the same session under the same or 
any other title, without the consent of a majority of the house by which 
the same was rejected. 

Art. 39. Every bill shall be read on three different days in each 
house, and no bill shall be considered for final passage unless it 'has been 
read once in full, and the same has been reported on by a committee, 
nor shall any bill become a law unless, on its final passage, the vote be 
taken by yeas and nays, the names of the members voting for or against 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 235 

the same be entered on the journal, and a majority of the members elected 
to each house be recorded thereon as voting in its favor; provided, that 
bills revising- the statutes or codes of this State, or adopting a criminal 
code as a whole, shall be read in such manner as may be prescribed by the 
General Assembly. 

Art. 40. No amendments to bills by one house shall be concurred 
in by the other, nor shall reports of committees of conference be adopted 
in either house except by a majority of the members elected thereto, the 
vote to be taken by yeas and nays, and the names of those voting for or 
against recorded upon the journal. 

Art. 41. Whenever a bill that has been passed by both houses has 
been enrolled and placed in possession of the house in which it origin- 
nated, the title shall be read, and, at the request of any five members, 
the bill shall be read in full, when the Speaker of the House of Repre- 
sentatives or the President of the Senate, as the case may be, shall at 
once sign it in open house, and the fact of signing shall be noted on 
the journal; thereupon the Clerk or Secretary shall immediately convey 
the bill to the other house, whose presiding officer shall cause a suspen- 
sion of all other business to read and sign the bill in open session and 
without delay. As soon as bills are signed by the Speaker of the House 
and President of the Senate, they shall be taken at once, and on the 
same day, to the Governor by the Clerk of the House of Representatives 
or Secretary of the Senate. 

Sec. 42. No law passed by the General Assembly, except the gen- 
eral appropriation act, or act appropriating money for the expenses of 
the General Assembly, shall take effect until promulgated. Laws shall 
be considered promulgated at the place where the State Journal is 
published, the day after the publication of such law in the State Journal, 
and in all other parts of the State twenty days after such publication. 
The State Journal shall be published at the capital. 

Art. 43., The clerical officers of the two houses shall be a Secretary 
of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives, with such 
assistants as may be necessary; but the expenses for said officials, includ- 
ing the Sergeant-at-arms, of each house, together with all clerks of 
committees and all other employes of whatever kind, shall not exceed 
one hundred dollars daily for the Senate, nor one hundred and twenty 
dollars daily for the House, and the Chairman of the Committee on Con- 
tingent Expenses of each house shall not issue warrants for any com- 
pensation in excess of said amounts; provided, this shall not affect the 
employes of the present General Assembly. No donation of any unex- 
pended balances shall be made as extra compensation or for any other 
purpose. 

Art. 44. All stationery, printing, paper and fuel used in the legis- 
lative and other departments of government shall be furnished, and the 
printing, binding and distribution of the laws, journals and department 
reports, and all other printing and binding, and the repairing and furn- 
ishing of the halls and rooms used for the meetings of the General 



236 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

Assembly and its committees shall be done under contract, to be given 
to the lowest responsible bidder below such maximum price and under 
such regulations as shall be prescribed by law. 

No member or officer of any of the departments of the government 
shall be in any way interested in the contracts; and all such contracts 
shall be subject to the approval of the governor, the President of the 
Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives, or of any two of 
them. 

LIMITATION OF LEGISLATIVE POWERS. 

Art. 45. No money shall be drawn from the treasury except in 
pursuance of specific appropriation made by law; nor shall any appro- 
priation of money be made for a longer term than two years. A regular 
statement and account of receipts and expenditures of all public moneys 
shall be published every three months in such manner as shall be pre- 
scribed by law. 

Art. 46. The General Assembly shall have no power to contract 
or to authorize the contracting, of any debt or liability on behalf of the 
State, or to issue bonds or other evidence of indebtedness thereof, except 
for the purpose of repelling invasion, or for the suppression of insur- 
rection. 

Art. 47. The General Assembly shall have no power to grant or to 
authorize any parish or municipal authority to grant any extra com- 
pensation, fee or allowance to a public officer, agent, servant or con- 
tractor, nor pay, nor authorize the payment, of any claim against the 
State or any parish or municipality thereof, under any agreement m 
contract made, without express authority of law; and all such unauthor- 
ized agreements or contracts shall be null and void. 

Art. 48. The General Assembly shall not pass any local or special 
law on the following specified subjects: 

For the opening and conducting of elections, or fixing or changing 
the place of voting. 

Changing the sanies of persons. 

Changing the venue in civil or criminal cases. 
Authorizing the laying out, opening, closing, altering or maintaining 
roads, highways, streets or alleys, or relating to ferries and bridges, or 
incorporating bridge or ferry companies, except for the erection of bridges 
crossing streams which form boundaries between this and any other 
State. 

Authorizing the adoption or legitimation of children or the emanci- 
pation of minors. 

Granting divorces. 

Changing the law of descent or succession. 

Affecting the estates of minors or persons under disabilities. 

Remitting fines, penalties and forfeitures or refunding moneys 
legally paid into the treasury. 

Authorizing the constructing of street passenger railroads in any 
incorporated town or city. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 237 

Regulating labor, trade, manufacturing or agriculture. 

Creating corporations, or amending, renewing, extending or explain- 
ing the charters thereof; provided, this shall not apply to municipal 
corporations having a population of not less than twenty-five hundred 
inhabitants, or to the organization of levee districts and parishes. 

Granting to any corporation, association or individual any special 
or exclusive right, privilege or immunity. 

Extending the time for the assessment or collection of taxes, or for 
the relief of any assessor or collector of taxes from the performance of 
his official duties, or of his sureties from liability; nor shall any such 
law or ordinance be passed by any political corporation of this State. 

Regulating the practice or jurisdiction of any court, or changing 
the rules of evidence in any judicial proceeding or inquiry before court3, 
or providing or changing methods for the collection of debts or the 
enforcement of judgments, or prescribing the effects of judicial sales. 

Exempting property from taxation. 

Fixing the rate of interest. 

Concerning any civil or criminal actions. 

Giving effect to informal or invalid wills or deeds, or to any illegal 
disposition of property. 

Regulating the management of public schools, the building or repair- 
ing of schoolhouses, and the raising of money for such purposes. 

Legalizing the unauthorized or invalid acts of any officer, servant 
or agent of the State, or of any parish or municipality thereof. 

Art. 49. The General Assembly shall not indirectly enact special 
or local laws by the partial repeal of a general law; but laws repealing 
local or special laws may be passed. 

Art. 50. No local or special law shall be passed on any subject not 
enumerated in Article 48 of this Constitution, unless notice of the inten- 
tion to apply therefor shall have been published, without cost to the State, 
in the locality where the matter or thing to be affected may be situated, 
which notice shall state the substance of the contemplated law, and shall 
be published at least thirty days prior to the introduction into the General 
Assembly of such bill, and in the same manner provided by law for the 
advertisement of judicial sales. The evidence of such notice having been 
published, shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such act 
shall be passed, and every such act shall contain a recital that such 
notice has been given. 

Art. 51. No law shall be passed fixing the price of manual labor. 

Art. 52. Any member of the General Assembly who has a personal 
or private interest in any measure or bill proposed or pending before 
the General Assembly, shall disclose the fact to the house of which he 
is a member, and shall not vote thereon. 

Art. 53. No money shall ever be taken from the public treasury, 
directly or indirectly, in aid of any church, sect or denomination of 
religion, or in aid of any priest, preacher, minister or teacher thereof, 
as such, and no preference shall ever be given to, nor any discrimination 



238 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

made against, any church, sect or creed of religion, or any form of 
religious faith or worship; nor shall any appropriation be made for 
private, charitable or benevolent purposes to any person or community; 
provided, this shall not apply to the State Asylum for the Insane and 
Stale Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and State Institution for the 
Instruction of the Blind and the charity hospitals and public charitable 
institutions conducted under State authority. 

Art. 54. The General Assembly shall have no power to increase 
the expenses of any office by appointing assistant officials. 

Art. 55. The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing but 
appropriations for the ordinary expenses of the government, interest on 
the public debt, public schools and public charities; and such bill shall 
be so itemized as to show for what account each and every appropriation 
shall be made. All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills, 
each embracing but one object. 

Art. 56. Each appropriation shall be for a specific purpose, and no 
appropriation shall be made under the head or title of contingent; nor 
shall any officer or department of government receive any amount from 
the treasury for contingencies or for a contingent fund. 

Art. 57. No appropriation of money shall be made by the General 
Assembly in the last five days of the session thereof. All appropriations, 
to be valid, shall be passed and receive the signatures of the President 
of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives five full 
days before the adjournment sine die of the General Assembly. 

Art. 58. The funds, credit, property or things of value of the State, 
or of any political corporation thereof, shall not be loaned, pledged or 
granted to or for any person or persons, association or corpration, public 
or private; nor shall the State, or any political corporation, purchase or 
subscribe to the capital or stock of any corporation or association what- 
ever, or for any private enterprise. Nor shall the State, nor any political 
corporation thereof, assume the liabilities ©f any political, municipal, 
parochial, private or other corporation or association whatsoever; nor 
shall the State undertake to carry on the business of any such corpora- 
tion or association, or become a part owner therein; provided, the State, 
through the General Assembly, shall have power to grant the right of 
way through its public lands to any railroad or canal, and, provided, 
police juries and municipal corporations may, in providing for destitute 
persons, utilize any charitable institutions within their corporate limits 
for the care, maintenance and asylum of such persons ; and all appropria- 
tions made to such institutions for the purpose aforesaid shall be 
accounted for by them in the manner required of officials entrusted with 
public funds. 

Art. 59. The General Assembly shall have no power to release or 
extinguish, or to authorize the releasing or extinguishment, in whole or 
in part, of the indebtedness, liability or obligation of any corporation 
or individual to the State, or to any parish or municipal corporation 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 230 

thereof; provided, the heirs to confiscated property may be released from 
all taxes due thereon at the date of its reversion to them. 

Art. GO. No educational or charitable institution other than the 
State institutions now existing, or expressly provided for in this Con- 
stitution, shall be established by the State, except upon a vote of two- 
thirds of the members elected to each house of the General Assembly. 

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 

Art. 61. The Executive Department shall consist of a Governor, 
Lieutenant Governor, Auditor, Treasurer and Secretary of State. 

Art. 62. The supreme executive power of the State shall be vested 
in a chief magistrate, who shall be styled the Governor of Louisiana. 
He shall hold his office during four years, and, together with the Lieu- 
tenant Governor, chosen for the same term, shall be elected as follows: 
The qualified electors for Representatives shall vote for a Governor and 
Lieutenant Governor at the time and place of voting for Representatives. 
The return of every election for Governor and Lieutenant Governor shall 
be made and sealed up separately from the return of election of other 
officers and transmitted by the proper officer of every parish to the 
Secretary of State, who shall deliver them, unopened, to the General 
Assembly then next to be holden. The members of the General Assembly 
shall meet on the first Thursday after the day on which they assemble 
in the House of Representatives, to examine, tabulate and count the 
votes evidenced by said returns. The person having the greatest number 
of votes for Governor shall be declared duly elected; but, in case two 
or more persons shall be equal and highest in the number of votes polled 
for Governor, one of them shall be immediately chosen Governor by the 
joint vote of the members of the General Assembly. The person having 
the greatest number of votes for Lieutenant Governor shall be declared 
duly elected Lieutenant Governor; but, in case two or more persons shall 
be equal and highest in the number of votes polled for Lieutenant Gov- 
ernor, one of them shall be immediately chosen Lieutenant Governor 
by the joint vote of the members of the General Assembly. 

Art. 63. No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor or 
Lieutenant Governor who shall not have attained the age of thirty 
years, been ten years a citizen of the United States, and resident of the 
State for- the same period of time next preceding his election, or who 
shall hold office under the United States at the time of or within six 
months immediately preceding the election for such office; nor shall 
any person who shall have been elected, qualified and served as Governor 
under this Constitution be eligible as his own successor; provided, how- 
ever, that he may again be eligible to the office at the expiration of one 
or more terms after the term for which he shall have served. 

Art. 64. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor shall enter on the 
discharge of their duties the first Monday next ensuing the announce- 
ment by the General Assembly of the result of the election for Governor 



240 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

and Lieutenant Governor; and each shall continue in office until the 
first Monday next succeeding the day that his successor shall have been 
declared duly elected, and shall have taken the oath or affirmation 
required by the Constitution. 

Art. 65. In case of the impeachment of the Governor, his removal 
from office, death, refusal or inability to qualify, disability, resignation, 
or absence from the State, the powers and duties of the office shall devolve 
upon the Lieutenant Governor for the residue of the term, or until the 
Governor, absent or impeached, shall return or be acquitted or the dis- 
ability be removed. In the event of the removal, impeachment, death, 
resignation, disability or refusal to qualify of both the Governor and 
Lieutenant Governor, the President pro tempore of the Senate shall act 
as Governor until the disability be removed, or for the residue of the 
term. If there should be no President pro tempore of the Senate when 
any of the above mentioned contingencies arise for him to act as Gov- 
ernor, or in the event of the removal, death, resignation, permanent 
disability or refusal to qualify of the President pro tempore, the Secre- 
tary of State shall act as Governor until a President pro tempore be 
elected, either in regular session or in specially called session, should the 
vacancy have occurred during recess; and, in the event of the impeach- 
ment or temporary disability of the President pro tempore, acting Gov- 
ernor, the Secretary of State shall likewise act as Governor until the 
disability be removed or the impeachment proceedings be terminated in 
acquittal, or until another President pro tempore of the Senate be 
chosen. 

Art. 66. The Lieutenant Governor, or President pro tempore, or 
Secretary of State, discharging the duties of the Governor, shall, during 
his administration, receive the same compensation to which the Governor 
would have been entitled had he continued in office. 

Art. 67. The Lieutenant Governor shall be ex-offlcio President of 
the Senate, but shall only have a casting vote therein. The Senate shall 
elect one of its members as President pro tempore of the Senate. 

Art. 68. The Lieutenant Governor shall receive for his services 
a salary of fifteen hundred dollars, payable monthly on his own warrant. 
In the event of a vacancy in the office of Lieutenant Governor by death, 
resignation, or any other cause, the President pro tempore of the Senate 
shall fill the office of Lieutenant Governor, performing all the duties 
incident to the office and receiving its emoluments. 

Art. 69. The Governor shall have power to grant reprieves for all 
offenses against the State; and, except in cases of impeachment or 
treason, shall, upon the recommendation in writing of the Lieutenant 
Governor, Attorney General and presiding judge of the court before 
which the conviction was had, or of any two of them, have power in his 
discretion to grant pardons, commute sentences and remit fines and 
forfeitures after conviction. In case of treason he may grant reprieves 
until the end of the next session bf the General Assembly, in which body 
the power of pardoning is vested. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 241 

Art. 70. The Governor shall receive a salary of five thousand dollar* 
per annum, payable monthly, on his own warrant. 

Art. 71. He shall nominate and, by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate, appoint all officers whose offices are established by this Con- 
stitution and whose appointments or elections are not herein otherwise 
provided for; provided, however, that the General Assembly shall have the 
right to prescribe the mode of appointment or election to all offices 
created by it. 

Art. 72. The Governor shall have the power to fill vacancies that 
may happen during the recess of the Senate, in cases not otherwise pro- 
vided for in this Constitution, by granting commissions which shall 
expire at the end of the next session; but no person who has been 
nominated for office and rejected shall be appointed to the same office 
during the recess of the Senate. The failure of the Governor to send 
into the Senate the name, of any person appointed for office, as herein 
provided, shall be equivalent to a rejection. 

Art. 73. He may require information, in writing, from the officers 
in the executive departments upon any subject relating to the duties of 
their respective offices. He shall be commander in chief of the militia 
of the State, except when they shall be called into the actual service of 
the United States. 

Art. 74. He shall, from time to time, give to the General Assembly 
information respecting the situation of the State, and recommend to its 
consideration such measures as he may deem expedient. 

Art. 75. He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, 
and he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene the General Assembly 
at the seat of government, or, if that should have become dangerous from 
an enemy or from an epidemic, at a different place. The power to legis- 
late shall be limited to the objects specially enumerated in the proclama- 
tion convening such extraordinary session; therein the Governor shall 
also limit the time such session may continue; provided, it shall not 
exceed thirty days. Any legislative action had after the time so limited, 
or as to objects not enumerated in said proclamation, shall be null and 
void. 

Art. 76. Every bill which shall have passed both houses shall be 
presented to the Governor. If he approves it, he shall sign it ; if not, he 
shall return it, with his objections in writing, to the house in which it 
originated, which house shall enter the objections at large upon the 
journal and proceed to reconsider the bill. If, after such reconsideration, 
two-thirds of all the members elected to that house shall agree to pass 
the bill, it shall be sent, with the objections, to the other house, by which 
likewise it shall be reconsidered; and, if passed by two-thirds of the 
members elected to that house, it shall be a law, but in such cases the 
votes of both houses shall be taken by yeas and nays, and the names of 
the members voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the 
journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned 
by the Governor within five days after it shall have been presented to 



242 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

him, it shall be a law in like manner as if he signed it, unless the 
General Assembly, by adjournment, shall prevent its return, in which 
case it shall not be a law. 

Art. 77. The Governor shall have power to disapprove of any item 
or items of any bill making appropriations of money, embracing distinct 
items, and the part or parts of the bill approved shall be law, and the 
item or items of appropriation disapproved shall be void, unless repassed 
according to the rules and limitations prescribed for the passage of other 
bills over the executive veto. 

Art. 78. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence 
of both houses may be necessary, except on a question of adjournment, 
or matters of parliamentary proceedings, or an address for removal from 
office, shall be presented to the Governor and, before it shall take effect, 
be approved by him, or, being disapproved, shall be repassed according 
to the rules and limitations prescribed for the passage of bills over the 
executive veto. 

Art. 79. The Treasurer, Auditor, Attorney General and Secretary 
of State shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State at the time 
and place of voting for ^Representatives, for the term of four years; and 
in case of vacancy caused by death, resignation, permanent absence, or 
otherwise, of any of said officers, the Governor shall fill the vacancy by 
appointment, with the advice and consent of the Senate; provided, the 
Secretary of State shall have authority to appoint an assistant, who shall 
be known as Assistant Secretary of State, sic or in case of his disability 
to act, or under the directions of the Secretary of State, the Assistant 
Secretary of State shall have authority to perform all the acts and duties 
of the office of Secretary of State. The Secretary of State shall have 
authority to remove the Assistant Secretary of State at pleasure. 

Art. 80. The Treasurer shall not be eligible as his own immediate 
successor. 

Art. 81. The Auditor of Public Accounts shall receive a salary of 
two thousand five hundred dollars per annum. The treasurer shall receive 
a salary of two thousand dollars per annum. The Secretary of State 
shall receive a salary of one thousand eight hundred dollars per annum. 
Each of the said officers shall be paid monthly, and no fees or perquisites 
or other compensation shall be allowed them; provided, that the Secretary 
of State may be allowed fees, as may be provided by law for copies and 
certificates furnished to private persons. 

Art. 82. Appropriations for the clerical expenses of the officers 
named in the preceding article shall specify each item of appropriation, 
and shall not exceed in any one year, for the Treasurer, the sum of two 
thousand dollars: for the Secretary of State, the sum of two thousand 
five hundred dollars, and the salary of the Assistant Secretary of State 
shall be included in this amount; and for the Auditor of Public Accounts, 
the sum of four thousand dollars. 

Art. 83. All commissions shall be in the name and by the authority 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 243 

of the State of Louisiana, and shall be sealed with the State seal, signed 
by the Governor and countersigned by the Secretary of State. 

JUDICIARY DEPARTMENT. 

Art. 84. The judicial power of the State shall be vested in h 
Supreme Court, in Courts of Appeal, in District Courts, in Justices of 
the Peace and in such other courts as are hereinafter provided for. 

Art. 85. The Supreme Court, except as hereinafter provided, shall 
have appellate jurisdiction only, which jurisdiction shall extend to all 
cases where the matter in dispute or the fund to be distributed, whatever 
may be the amount therein claimed, shall exceed two thousand dollars, 
exclusive of interest; to suits for divorce and separation from bed and 
board, and to all matters arising therein; to suits involving alimony, 
for the nullity of marriage, or for interdiction ; to all matters of adoption, 
emancipation, legitimacy, and custody of children; to suits involving 
homestead exemptions, and to all cases in which the constitutionality or 
legality of any tax, toll or impost whatever, or any fine, forfeiture or 
penalty imposed by a municipal corporation shall be in contestation, 
whatever may be the amount thereof, and to all cases wherein an ordi- 
nance of a municipal corporation or a law of this State has been declared 
unconstitutional, and in such cases the appeal on the law and the facts 
shall be directly from the court in which the case originated to the 
Supreme Court; and to criminal cases on questions of law alone, when- 
ever the punishment of death or imprisonment at hard labor may be in- 
flicted, or a fine exceeding three hundred dollars, or imprisonment exceed- 
ing six months is actually imposed. Said court shall have such original 
jurisdiction as may be necessary to enable it to determine questions of 
fact affecting its own jurisdiction in any case pending before it, or 
it may remand the case; and shall have exclusive original jurisdiction in 
all matters touching professional misconduct of members of the bar, 
with power to disbar under such rules as may be adopted by the court. 

Art. 86. The Supreme Court shall be composed of one Chief 
Justice and four Associate Justices, a majority of whom shall constitute 
a quorum. The Chief Justice and Associate Justices shall each receive 
a salary of not less than five thousand dollars per annum, payable monthly 
on his own warrant. They shall be appointed by the Governor, with the 
advice and consent of the Senate, for the term of twelve years. In case 
of death, resignation or removal from office of any justice, the vacancy 
shall be filled by appointment for the unexpired term of such justice. 
They shall be citizens of the United States and of this State, over thirty- 
five years of age, learned in the law, and shall have practiced law in this 
State for ten years preceding their appointment. 

Art. 87. The State shall be divided into four Supreme Court dis- 
tricts, and the Supreme Court shall always be composed of justices 
appointed from said districts. The Parishes of Orleans, St. John the 
Baptist, St. Charles, St. Bernard, Plaquemines and Jefferson shall com- 
pose the first district, from which two justices shall be appointed. 



244 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

The Parishes of Caddo, Bossier, Webster, Bienville, Claiborne, 
Union, Lincoln, Jackson, Caldwell, Ouachita, Morehouse, Kichland, 
Franklin, West Carroll, East Carroll, Madison, Tensas, Concordia and 
Catahoula shall compose the second district, from which one justice shall 
be appointed. 

The Parishes of DeSoto, Bed Biver, Winn, Grant, Natchitochea, 
Sabine, Vernon, Calcasieu, Cameron, Bapides, Avoyelles, Pointe Coupee, 
West Baton Bouge, Iberville, St. Landry, Acadia, Lafayette and Ver- 
milion shall compose the third district, from which one justice shall be 
appointed. 

The Parishes of St. Martin, Iberia, St. Mary, Terrebonne, Lafourche, 
Assumption, Ascension, St. James, East Baton Bouge, East Feliciana, 
West Feliciana, St. Helena, Livingston, Tangipahoa, St. Tammany and 
Washington ,shall compose the fourth district, from which one justice 
shall be appointed. 

The justices of the Supreme Court, as now constituted, shall serve 
until the expiration of their respective terms. When the office of Chief 
Justice becomes vacant, either from expiration of term, death, resigna- 
tion, or from any other cause, the Associate Justice who has served the 
longest time shall, by virtue of said length of service, become Chief 
Justice, and the new appointee shall become an Associate Justice only. 

Art. 88. The Supreme Court shall hold its sessions in the City of 
New Orleans from the first Monday in the month of November to the 
end of the month of June in each and every year. It shall appoint its 
own clerks and remove them at pleasure. 

The General Assembly shall make the necessary appropriation to 
provide suitable and commodious buildings for said court and the recordi 
thereof, and for the care and maintenance of the State library therein, 
and shall provide for the repair and alteration of the building now occu- 
pied by the court. 

Art. 89. No judgment shall be rendered by the Supreme Court with- 
out the concurrence of three justices. Whenever three members cannot 
concur in any case, in consequence of the recusation of any member or 
members of the court, or for any other cause, the court shall have 
authority to call on any judge or judges of the Courts of Appeals, or 
District Courts, whose duty it shall be, when so called upon, to sit in 
such case. 

Art. 90. All judges, by virtue of their office, shall be conservators 
of the peace throughout the State. The style of all process shall be "The 
State of Louisiana 1 ." All prosecutions shall be carried on in the name 
and by the authority of the State of Louisiana, and conclude: "Against 
the peace and dignity of the same." 

Art. 91. The judges of all courts, whenever practicable, shall refer 
to the law by virtue of which every definitive judgment is rendered, and 
in every case they shall adduce the reasons on which their judgment is 
founded. Service of citation shall not be waived, nor judgment confessed, 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 245 

by any document under private signature executed prior to the maturity 
of the obligation sued on. 

Art. 92. The decisions of the Supreme Court shall be reported under 
the direction of the court; the publication thereof shall be let out by con- 
tract to the lowest bidder, who need not be a citizen of the State ; provided, 
that the annual reports for the year 1898 shall be published in numbers 
and completed under the present contract therefor, and the present 
reporter shall remain in office until February 1st, 1899. 

Concurring and dissenting opinions shall not be published. 

The General Assembly shall annually appropriate the sum of two 
thousand dollars as salary of stenographers to be appointed by the court, 
and for the use of the justices thereof. 

Art. 93. The Supreme Court and each of the justices thereof shall 
have power to issue the writ of habeas corpus at the instance of any per- 
son in actual custody, in any case where it may have appellate jurisdic- 
tion. 

Art. 94. The Supreme Court shall have control and general super- 
vision over all inferior courts. The court, or any justice thereof, shall 
have power to issue writs of certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo war- 
ranto and other remedial writs. 

Art. 95. In all cases where there is an appeal from a judgment 
rendered on a reconventional demand, the appeal shall lie to the court 
having jurisdiction of the main demand. 

Art. 96. Except as herein provided, no duties or functions shall ever 
be attached by law to the Supreme Court, Courts of Appeal or District 
Courts, or to the several justices, or judges thereof, except such as are 
judicial, and the said justices and judges are prohibited from receiving 
any fees of office or other compensation than their salaries for any official 
duty performed by them. No judicial powers, except as committing 
magistrates in criminal cases, shall be conferred on any officer other 
than those mentioned in this title, except such as may be necessary in 
towns and cities; provided, the General Assembly shall have the power 
to abolish justice of the peace courts in wards containing cities of more 
than five thousand inhabitants, and to create in their stead courts with 
such civil jurisdiction as is now vested in justices of the peace, and with 
criminal jurisdiction which shall not extend beyond the trial of offenses 
not punishable by imprisonment at hard labor under the laws of this 
State and of violations of municipal and parochial ordinances and the 
holding of preliminary examinations in cases not capital. Provided, the 
compensation of the judges of such courts shall be paid by the parishes 
and cities in which they are established, in such proportion as may be 
provided by law. 

attorney general. 

Art. 97. There shall be an Attorney General for the State, who 
shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State at large every four 
years. He shall be learned in the law, and shall have actually resided 
and practiced law, as a licensed attorney, in the State for five years pre- 



246 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

ceding his election. He shall receive a salary of three thousand dollars 
per annum, payable monthly on his own warrant. 

COURTS OF APPEAL. 

Art. 98. The Courts of Appeal, except as otherwise provided in 
this Constitution, shall have appellate jurisdiction only, which jurisdic- 
tion shall extend to all cases, civil or probate, when the matter in dispute 
or the funds to be distributed shall exceed one hundred dollars, exclusive 
of interest, and shall not exceed two thousand dollars, exclusive of interest. 

Art. 99. The Courts of Appeal shall remain as at present consti 
ruted until the first day of July, 1900. From and after that date the 
several Courts of Appeal, except as hereinafter provided, shall consist 
of one of the judges of those courts whose terms shall not have expired, 
and who, with a judge of the District Court to be designated by the 
Supreme Court, shall be assigned by the Supreme Court to that duty 
throughout the State. 

From and after the first day of July, 1904, the Courts of Appeal shall 
be composed of two district judges, to be from time to time designated 
by the Supreme Court, and assigned to the performance of the duties 
of judges of said Courts of Appeal ; provided, that no district judge shall 
be assigned to serve as a member of the Court of Appeal for any parish 
in his own district; and, provided further, that district judges shall be 
paid their actual and necessary expenses when serving as judges of the 
Courts of Appeal in such manner as may be provided by law. 

Art. 100. There shall be two terms of the said Courts of Appeal 
held in each parish annually, to be fixed by the judges of said courts, until 
the first day of July, 1904. Thereafter the terms of said courts shall 
be fixed in such manner as may be provided by law. 

Art. 101. The judges of the Courts of Appeal shall have power to 
certify to the Supreme Court any question or proposition of law arising 
in any cause pending before them concerning which they desire the 
instruction of that court for its proper decision, and thereupon the 
Supreme Court may either give its instruction on the question or propo- 
sition certified to it, which shall be binding upon the Court of Appeals in 
such case, or it may require that the whole record be sent up for its 
consideration, and thereupon shall decide the whole matter in controversy 
in the same manner as if it had been on appeal directly to the Supreme 
Court. It shall be competent for the Supreme Court to require, by 
certiorari, or otherwise, any case to be certified from the Courts of Appeal 
to it for its review and determination, with the same power and authority 
in the case as if it had been carried directly by appeal to the said court ; 
provided that the Supreme Court shall in no case exercise the power 
conferred on it by this article unless the application be made to the 
court or to one of the justices thereof, not later than thirty days after 
the decision of the Court of Appeals has been Tendered and entered. 

Art. 102. No judgment shall be rendered by the Courts of Appeal 
without the concurrence of two judges. Whenever there shall be a dis- 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 247 

agreement in the Courts of Appeal above provided, the court shall appoint 
a district judge, or a lawyer having the qualifications of a judge of the 
court, to sit in the case; and, in case of the recusation, absence or dis- 
ability of one of the judges, the other judge shall select a judge or lawyer 
as aforesaid to sit in the case. In the Court of Appeal for the Parish of 
Orleans, when two judges cannot concur for any reason, the court shall 
select a district judge or judges to sit in the case. 

Art. 103. All cases on appeal to the Courts of Appeal shall be 
tried on the original record, pleadings and evidence. 

Art. 104. The rules of practice regulating appeals to and proceed- 
ings in the Supreme Court shall apply to appeals and proceedings in 
the Courts of Appeal, so far as they may be applicable, until otherwise 
provided. The Courts of Appeal and each of the judges thereof shall 
have power to issue the writ of habeas corpus at the instance of any 
person in actual custody within their respective circuits. 

They shall also have authority to issue writs of mandamus, prohibi- 
tion and certiorari in aid of their appellate jurisdiction. 

Art. 105. The several judges of the Courts of Appeal, as consti- 
tuted under the Constitution of 1879, shall each receive a salary of four 
thousand dollars per annum, payable monthly on his own warrant. 

Art. 106. The sheriff of the parish in which the sessions of the 
court are held shall attend in person or by deputy to execute the orders 
of the court. 

DISTRICTS COURTS. 

Art. 107. The State shall be divided into not less than twenty nor 
more than twenty-nine judicial districts, the Parish of Orleans excepted. 

Until otherwise provided by law, there shall be twenty-nine districts. 

Art. 108. The Parish of Caddo shall compose the first district. 

The parishes of Bossier and Webster shall compose the second dis- 
trict. 

The parishes of Claiborne and Bienville shall compose the third 
district. 

The parishes of Union and Lincoln shall compose the fourth dis- 
trict. 

The parishes of Caldwell, Jackson and Winn shall compose the fifth 
district. 

The parishes of Ouachita and Morehouse shall compose the sixth 
district. 

The parishes of West Carroll and Richland shall compose the seventh 
district. 

The parishes of Franklin and Catahoula shall compose the eighth 
district. 

The parishes of Madison and East Carroll shall compose the ninth 
district. 

The parishes of Concordia and Tensas shall compose the tenth 
district. 



248 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

The parishes of Natchitoches and Red River shall compose the 
eleventh district. 

The parishes of DeSoto, Sabine and Vernon shall compose the 
tweltfth district. 

The parishes of Rapides and Grant shall compose the thirteenth 
district. 

The Parish of Avoyelles shall compose the fourteenth district. 

The parishes of Calcasieu and Cameron shall compose the fifteenth 
district. 

The Parish of St. Landry shall compose the sixteenth district. 

The Parish of Vermilion shall compose the seventeenth district. 

The parishes of Acadia and Lafayette shall compose the eighteenth 
district. 

The parishes of Iberia and St. Martin shall compose the nineteenth 
district. 

The parishes of Terrebonne and Lafourche shall compose the 
twentieth district. 

The parishes of Iberville, West Baton Rouge and Pointe Coupee shall 
compose the twenty-first district. 

The Parish of East Baton Rouge shall compose the twenty-second 
district. 

The Parish of St. Mary shall compose the twenty-third district. 

The parishes of East Eeliciana and West Feliciana shall compose 
the twenty-fourth district. 

The parishes of St. Helena, Livingston and Tangipahoa shall com- 
pose the twenty-fith district. 

The parishes of Washington and St. Tammany shall compose the 
twenty-sixth district. 

The parishes of Ascension, St. James and Assumption shall com- 
pose the twenty-seventh district. 

The parishes of St. John the Baptist, St. Charles and Jefferson shall 
compose the twenty-eighth district. 

The parishes of St. Bernard and Plaquemines shall compose the 
twenty-ninth district. 

The judges of the first, sixth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, 
fifteenth-, sixteenth, nineteenth, twentieth, twenty-second, twenty- third, 
twenty-fifth, tweny-seventh and twenty-eighth districts shall each receive 
a salary of three thousand dollars per annum, and the judges of the sec- 
ond, third, fourth, ninth, fourteenth, eighteenth, twenty-first, twenty- 
fourth, twenty-sixth and twenty-ninth districts shall each receive a salary 
of two thousand five hundred dollars; the judges of the fifth, seventh, 
eighth and seventeenth districts shall each receive a salary of two thou- 
sand dollars per annum; such salaries to be paid monthly on their own 
warrants. Provided that, if the General Assembly at any time reduces 
the number of districts, as herein fixed, it shall have the right to regrade 
the salaries of the judges, but in up case shall any judge receive a salary 
in excess of three thousand dollars per annum. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 249 

Art. 109. The District Courts, except in the Parish of Orleans, 
shall have origin*:! jurisdiction in all civil matter^ where the amount in 
dispute shall exceed fifty dollars, exclusive of interest, and in all cases 
where title to real estate is involved, or to office, or other public position, 
or civil or political rights, and all other cases where no specific amount 
is in contest, except as otherwise provided in this Constitution. They 
shall have unlimited and exclusive original jurisdiction in all criminal 
cases, except such as may be vested in other courts authorized by this 
Constitution, and in all probate and succession matters, and where a 
succession is a party defendant; and in all cases where the State, parish, 
any municipality or other political corporation, is a party defendant, 
regardless of the amount in dispute; and of all proceedings for the 
appointment of receivers or liquidators of corporations or partnerships; 
and said courts shall have authority to issue all such writs, process and 
orders as may be necessary or proper for the purposes of the jurisdiction 
herein conferred upon them. There shall be one district judge in each 
judicial district, except in the twenty-first judicial district, where, until 
otherwise provided by law, there shall be two district judges, who shall 
not be residents of the same parish. District judges shall be elected 
by a plurality of the qualified voters of their respective districts, in 
which they shall have been actual residents for two years next preced- 
ing their election ; provided, one year's residence only in the district shall 
be required for the first election under this Constitution. They shall be 
learned in the law and shall have practiced law in the State five years 
previous to their election. 

The first district judges under this Constitution shall be elected 
at the general State election in 1900, and shall hold office until their 
successors are elected at the election on the Tuesday after the first 
Monday in November, 1904, at which time and every four years there- 
after district judges shall be elected for terms of four years. 

Vacancies occasioned by death, resignation, or otherwise, shall be 
filled for the unexpired term by appointment by the Governor, with the 
advice and consent of the Senate. 

Art. 110. The General Assembly shall not have power to increase 
the number of district judges in any district. 

Art. 111. The District Courts shall have jurisdiction of appeals 
from justices of the peace in all civil matters, regardless of the amount 
in dispute, and from all orders requiring a peace bond. Persons sen- 
tenced to a fine or imprisonment, by Mayors or Recorders, shall be entitled 
to an appeal to the District Court of the parish, upon giving security for 
fine and costs of court, and in such cases trial shall be de novo and with- 
out juries. 

Art. 112. The General Assembly shall provide by law for the inter- 
change of district judges; and also for the trial of recused cases in the 
District Courts by the selection of licensed attorneys at law, by an 
interchange of judges or otherwise. Whenever any district judge is 
prevented, by disability or any other cause whatever, from holding his 



250 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

court, and that fact is made to appear by the certificate of the clerk, 
under the seal of the court, to the Supreme Court, or to any justice 
thereof, if, in the judgment of the court, or any justice, the public inter- 
est so requires, the court or such justice shall designate and appoint any 
district judge of any other district to hold said court and discharge all 
the judicial duties of the judge so disabled during said disability. Such 
appointment shall be filed in the clerk's office and entered on the minutes 
of said District Court, and a certified copy thereof, under the seal of the 
court, shall be transmitted by the Clerk of the District Court to the 
district judge so designated and appointed. 

Art. 113. Wherever in this Constitution the qualification of any 
justice or judge shall be the previous practice of law for a term of years, 
there shall be included in such term the time such justice or judge shall 
have occupied the bench of any court of record in this State; provided, 
he shall have been a licensed attorney for five years before his election 
or appointment. 

Art. 114. No judge of any court of the State shall be affected in hia 
term of office, salary or jurisdiction as to territory or amount, during the 
term or period for which he was elected or appointed. Any legislation 
so affecting any judge or court shall take effect only at the end of the 
term of office of the judge or judges, incumbents of the court or courts, 
to which such legislation may apply at the time of its enactment. This 
article shall not affect the provisions of this Constitution relative to 
impeachment or removal from office. 

Art. 115. The district judges shall have power to issue the writ of 
habeas corpus at the instance of any person in actual custody in their 
respective districts. 

Art. 116. The General Assembly shall provide for the selection of 
competent and intelligent jurors. All cases in which the punishment 
may not be at hard labor shall, until otherwise provided by law, which 
shall not be prior to 1904, be tried by the judge without a jury. Cases 
in which the punishment may be at hard labor shall be tried by a jury 
of five, all of whom must concur to render a verdict; cases in which the 
punishment is necessarily at hard labor, by a jury of twelve, nine of 
whom concurring may render a verdict; cases in which the punishment 
may be capital, by a jury of twelve, all of whom must concur to render 
a verdict. 

Art. 117. District Courts shall hold continuous sessions during ten 
months of the year. In districts composed of more than one parish, the 
judge shall sit alternately in each parish, as the public business may 
require. Until otherwise provided by law, judgments shall be signed after 
three days from the rendition thereof, and become executory ten days 
from such signing. 

The General Assembly shall provide for the drawing of juries for 
the trial of civil and criminal cases. A grand jury of twelve, nine of 
whom must concur to fined an indictment, shall be empaneled in each 
parish twice in each year, and shall remain in office until a succeeding 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 251 

grand jury is empaneled; except in the Parish of Cameron, in which 
at least one grand jury shall be empaneled each year. The district judges 
shall have authority to try at any time all misdemeanors, and, when the 
jury is waived, all cases not necessarily punishable at hard labor, and 
to receive pleas of guilty in cases less than capital. 

The provisions of this article shall go into effect upon the adoption 
of this Constitution. 

Art. 118. The District Courts, as created and now existing under 
the Constitution of 1879 in the various parishes of the State, as now 
apportioned under existing laws, shall remain undisturbed until the 
organization of the District Courts created by this Constitution after 
the general election of 1900, and the judges thereof shall receive salaries 
as now fixed. 

SHERIFFS AND CORONERS. 

Art. 119. There shall be a sheriff and a coroner elected by the 
qualified voters of each parish in the State, except in the Parish of 
Orleans, who shall be elected at the general election and hold office for 
four years. 

The coroner, except in the Parish of Orleans, shall act for and in 
place of the sheriff whenever the sheriff shall be a party interested and 
whenever there shall be a vacancy in the office of sheriff, until such 
vacancy shall be filled; but he shall not, during such vacancy, discharge 
the duties of tax collector. The sheriff, except in the Parish of Orleans, 
shall be ex-officio collector of State and parish taxes. 

He shall give separate bonds for the faithful performance of his 
duty in each capacity. Until otherwise provided, the bonds shall be 
given according to existing laws. 

Sheriffs elected or appointed shall furnish bond within thirty days 
from the date of their commissions, in default of which the office shall 
be declared vacant and the Governor shall appoint for the remainder of 
the term. 

Art. 120. The sheriff shall receive compensation from the parish 
for his services in criminal matters — the keeping of prisoners, conveying 
convicts to the penitentiary, insane persons to the insane asylum, service 
of process from another parish, and service of process or the performance 
of any duty beyond the limits of his own parish excepted — not to exceed 
five hundred dollars per annum for each Representative the parish may 
have in the House of Representatives. 

The compensation of sheriffs as tax collectors shall not exceed five 
per cent, on all sums collected and paid over; provided, that they shall 
not be discharged as tax collectors until they make proof that they have 
exhausted the legal remedies to collect taxes. 

Art. 121. The coroner in each parish shall be a doctor of medicine, 
regularly licensed to practice, and ex-officio parish physician; provided, 
this article shall not apply to any parish in which there is no regularly 
licensed physician who will accept the office. 



252 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 



CLERKS. 



Art. 122. There shall be a clerk of the District Court in each parish, 
the Parish of Orleans excepted, who shall be ex-officio clerk of the CouTt 
of Appeal. 

He shall be elected by the qualified electors of the parish every four 
years, and shall be ex-officio parish recorder of conveyances, mortgages 
and other acts, and notary public. 

He shall receive no compensation from the State or parish for his 
services in criminal matters. 

He shall give bond and securtiy for the faithful performance of his 
duties in such amount as shall be fixed by the General Assembly. 

Art. 123. The General Assembly shall have power to vest in clerks 
of court authority to grant such orders and to do such acts as may be 
deemed necessary for the furtherance of the administration of justice; 
and in all cases the powers thus vested shall be specified and determined. 

Art. 124. Clerks of District Courts may appoint, with the approval 
of the district judges, deputies with such powers as shall be prescribed by 
law ; and the General Assembly shall have power to provide for continuing 
one or more of them in office in the event of any vacancy in the office of 
clerk, until his successor shall have been appointed and duly qualified, 

DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. 

Art. 125. There shall be a District Attorney for each judicial dist- 
rict in .the State, who shall be elected by the qualified electors of the 
judicial district at the same time and for the same term as is provided 
in Article 109 for district judges. He shall receive a salary of one thou- 
sand dollars per annum, payable monthly on his own warrant. He shall 
be an actual resident of the district and a licensed attorney in this State. 

He shall also receive fees; but no fee shall be allowed in criminal 
cases, except on conviction, which fees shall not exceed five dollars in 
cases of misdemeanor. 

Any vacancy in the office of District Attorney shall be filled by 
appointment by the Governor for the unexpired term. 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 

Art. 126. In each parish, the Parish of Orleans excepted, there shall 
be as many justices of the peace as may be provided by law. The present 
number of justices of the peace shall remain as now fixed until otherwise 
provided. They shall be freeholders and qualified electors and possess such 
other qualifications as may be prescribed by law. They shall be elected for 
the term of four years by the qualified voters within the territorial limits 
of their jurisdiction. 

They shall have exclusive original jurisdiction in all civil matters, 
when the amount in dispute shall not exceed fifty dollars, exclusive of 
interest and original jurisdiction concurrent with the District Court when 
the amount in dispute shall exceed fifty dollars, exclusive of interest, and 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 253 

shall not exceed one hundred dollars, exclusive of interest; including suits 
l'or the ownership or possession of movable property not exceeding said 
amounts in value, and suits by landlords for possession of leased prem- 
ises, when the monthly or yearly rent, or the rent for the unexpired term 
of the lease does not exceed said amounts. They shall have no jurisdiction 
in succession or probate matters, or when a succession is a defendant, or 
when the State, parish or any municipality or other political corporation, 
is a party defendant, or when title to real estate is involved. They shall 
receive such fees in civil matters as may be fixed by law. They shall have 
criminal jurisdiction as committing magistrates, and shall have power to 
bail or discharge in cases not capital or necessarily punishable at hard 
labor. The General Assembly may by general or special laws invest jus- 
tices of the peace in general or in any particular parish or parishes with 
criminal jurisdiction over misdemeanors to be tried with a jury composed 
of not more than five nor less than three persons, in such manner as may 
be provided by law, with the right of appeal to the District Court in all 
cases, not appealable to the Supreme Court, as hereinbefore provided for. 

CONSTABLES. 

Art. 127. There shall be a constable for the court of each justice of 
the peace in the several parishes of the State, who shall be elected for a 
term of four years, by the qualified voters within the territorial limits of 
the jurisdiction of the several justices of the peace. They shall receive 
such fees in civil matters as may be fixed by law. 

Art. 128. Justices of the peace and constables shall receive no fees 
in criminal matters, including peace bond cases, but, in lieu thereof such 
salaries as may be fixed by the police jury, and paid by the parish, which 
salaries shall be graded. 

Art. 129. The General Assembly, at its first session after this Con- 
stitution is adopted, shall provide a general fee bill, or bill of costs, regu- 
lating and fixing the fees and compensation allowed sheriffs, clerks and 
recorders, justices of the peace, constables and coroners, in all civil mat- 
ters. The General Assembly may provide in all civil cases for the service 
of process and pleadings by the litigants themselves. 

COURTS AND OFFICERS FOR THE PARISH OF ORLEANS, AND CITY OF NEW ORLEANS. 

Art. 130. Except as herein otherwise provided, the judicial officers of 
the Parish of Orleans, and of the City of New Orleans, shall be learned in 
the law, and shall have resided and practiced law or shall have held judi- 
cial positions in the State for five years, and shall have been actual resi- 
dents of the City of New Orleans for at least two years next preceding 
their election or appointment. 

Art. 131. There shall be a Court of Appeals, to be known and desig- 
nated as the Court of Appeal for the Parish of Orleans, which shall be 
composed of three judges, who shall be learned in the law and who shall 
have practiced law in this State for six years, and shall have been resi- 
dents of one of the parishes hereinafter named for at least two years next 



254 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

preceding their election or appointment, and they shall be elected by the 
qualified electors of the said parishes. Said Court shall sit in the City of 
New Orleans, and shall hold its session from the second Monday of Octo- 
ber until the end of the month of June in each year. Said Court, until 
the first day of August, 1900, shall be composed of the present judges 
thereof, and a third judge, who shall be elected by the qualified voters of 
the Parish of Orleans, at the Congressional election in the year 1898, and 
who shall serve in said Court until the 1st of August, 1900. His successor 
shall be elected for a term of eight years from that date, at the general 
State election of 1900. On August 1, 1900, the judge of the Court of 
Appeal for the Fifth Circuit, as established under the Constitution of 
1879, who was elected in the year 1896, shall become a member of the 
Court of Appeal for the Parish of Orleans, and together with the judge of 
that Court elected in 1896, shall serve until the election of their succes- 
sors at the Congressional election of 1904. At that election one judge of 
said court shall be elected for a term of six years, and one for a term of 
eight years, and thereafter all elections for judges of said court shall bo 
for terms of eight years. 

Vacancies occasioned by death, resignation, or otherwise, shall be 
filled for the unexpired terms by appointment by the Governor, with the 
advice and consent of the Senate. 

The judges of said court shall each receive a salary of four thousand 
dollars per annum, payable monthly on his own warrant. 

After August 1, 1900, in addition to those from the Parish of Orleans, 
all appeals within its jurisdiction from the Parishes of Jefferson, St. 
Charles, Plaquemines and St. Bernard, shall be returnable to said court, 
and the costs of filing same shall not exceed five dollars in each case. 

All cases pending and undetermined on said date in the Courts of 
Appeal as now constituted, from said parishes, shall be transferred to said 
Court of Appeal for the Parish of Orleans without cost to the parties. 

There shall be a clerk of said Court of Appeal, who shall be elected by 
the qualified voters of said parishes for a term of four years; he shall be 
entitled to charge and retain as his compensation such fees as may be 
allowed by law. The first election for said clerk shall be held in the year 
1899, at the time the parochial and municipal elections are held in the 
City of New Orleans; said clerk shall appoint, if necessary, deputy clerks, 
and shall fix and pay their salaries ; he shall give bond in the sum of five 
thousand dollars, which bond shall be examined in open court by the 
judges of the court, and all testimony given in said examination shall be 
reduced to writing and made of record; he may be removed by the court 
for the same causes and in the same manner as is hereinafter provided for 
the clerk of the Civil District Court for the Parish of Orleans ; he may act 
as minute clerk of the court, or appoint a deputy to that position. 

Said Court of Appeal for the Parish of Orleans shall hereafter have 
appellate jurisdiction from the city_courts of New Orleans, as now con- 
stituted, under the same conditions as hereinafter provided for appeals 
irom the city courts to be organized under this Constitution. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 255 

Art. 132. There shall be two District Courts for the Parish of Or- 
leans and no more. One of said courts shall be known as the Civil District 
Court, and the other as the Criminal District Court. For the Civil Dis- 
trict Court there shall be not less than five judges, and for the Criminal 
District Court not less than two judges, who shall be elected by a plurality 
of the qualified electors of the Parish of Orleans for the term of twelve 
years, and who shall each receive an annual salary of four thousand dol- 
lars, payable upon his own warrant, in equal monthly instalments. 

Art. 133. The Civil District Court shall have exclusive and general 
original probate jurisdiction, and exclusive original civil jurisdiction, in 
all cases where the amount in dispute or the fund to be distributed, shall 
exceed one hundred dollars, exclusive of interest; and exclusive jurisdic- 
tion in suits by married women for separation of property, in suits for sep- 
aration from bed and board, for divorce, for nullity of marriage, or for 
interdiction, and in suits involving title to immovable property, or to 
office or other public position, or civil or political rights ; and in all other 
cases, except as hereinafter provided, where no specific amount is in con- 
test, and of all proceedings for the appointment of receivers or liquidators 
to corporations or partnerships. And said court shall have authority to 
issue all such writs, process and orders as may be necessary or proper for 
the purposes of the jurisdiction herein conferred upon it. 

Art. 134. All cases after being filed in said Civil District Court 
shall be allotted or assigned, among the judges thereof, and, except as 
herein otherwise provided, each judge, or his successor, shall have exclu- 
sive control over every case allotted or assigned to him, from its inception 
to its final determination in said court. In case of vacancy in the office, 
recusation, absence or disability of a judge, to whom a case ha3 been 
allotted or assigned, or in case such action is deemed advisable in the 
proper administration of justice, or of the business of the court, such case 
may be re-allotted or re-assigned, or without such re-allotment or re-as- 
signment, but, under rules to be adopted, it may be taken in charge by 
another judge of said court, and the judge to whom a case is thus re-al- 
lotted, or re-assigned, or by whom it is thus taken in charge, shall be 
authorized to act therein for all purposes as though such case had been 
originally allotted or assigned to him. Previous to the allotment or 
assignment of a case, any judge of said court may, for the purposes of 
such case, make interlocutory orders, and issue and grant conservatory 
writs and executory process. Applications for naturalization, for eman- 
cipation, and by married women for authorization, when there is consent 
given and no issue joined, or where there is no contest, suits for nullity, 
and for revival of judgment, and suits in which is claimed an interest in 
property or funds as to which a particular judge has acquired jurisdic- 
tion, need not be allotted or especially assigned, but shall be controlled 
by law or by rules to be adopted by the court. 

Art. 135. Judgments homologating accounts, which have been duly 
advertised, when not opposed, or so far as not opposed, may be rendered 



256 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

and signed either in term time or vacation; and by any judge, in the 
absence or disability of the judge to whom the case has been allotted. 

Art. 136. The judges of said Civil District Court shall be author- 
ized to adopt rules, not in conflict with law, regulating the allotment, 
assignment and disposition of cases, the order in which they shall be 
tried, and the proceedings in such trials, and to sit en banc for the pur- 
pose of testing the bonds and sureties of the clerk of the court, the 
recorder of mortgages, the register of conveyances, and the civil sheriff; 
for the trial and removal of the clerk and civil sheriff, or either of them, 
for the selection of jurors, and in other cases when the action of the court 
as a whole is required. When sitting en banc the judge who has been 
longest in continuous service in said court, and in his absence the judge 
longest in service of those present, shall preside; and when a certificate 
or authentication from the court is required such judge shall be 
authorized to sign the same as presiding judge. The court may, by it3 
rules, grant the presiding judge further authority not in conflict with 
these provisions. Provided, that in rendering judgments en banc, the 
court shall conform, as far as practicable, to the rules and practice of the 
Supreme Court. 

Art. 137. There shall be one clerk for the Civil District Court, who, 
until the election and induction into office of the clerk of the Court of 
Appeal, provided for in Article 131, shall be ex-officio clerk of the Court 
of Appeal for the Parish of Orleans, and shall be elected by the voters of 
said parish for the term of four years. His qualifications and duties, 
except as herein provided, shall be as fixed by law; he shall furnish bond 
in the sum of twenty thousand dollars, which bond shall be examined by 
the court, and all testimony given in such examination shall be reduced 
to writing and filed of record in the court. He shall charge and collect 
the fees prescribed by the General Assembly, and shall dispose of the 
same as hereinafter provided; the amount of his compensation shall be 
three thousand six hundred dollars per annum. 

Said clerk shall be authorized, with the approval of the judges 
of the Civil District Court, to appoint such deputies and other 
assistants, at salaries net to exceed those now fixed by law, as in the opin- 
ion of said judges are needed for the efficient discharge of the duties of 
his office; and he may remove them at pleasure, or the court may remove 
them. The Court of Appeal for the Parish of Orleans, until after the 
election of the clerk thereof, as hereinbefore provided, and each judge 
of the Civil District Court shall appoint one minute clerk, who shall be 
sworn as deputy clerk, and shall receive an annual salary of eighteen hun- 
dred dollars in equal monthly installments; and the said Court of Appeal, 
until said election, shall also have the right to appoint one docket clerk. 

The minute clerk appointed by the judge of the Civil District Court 
longest in continuous service in said court, as hereinabove provided, shall 
be ex-officio minute clerk of the court when sitting en banc, and shall 
receive, as additional compensation, three hundred dollars per annum, 
which shall be paid in like manner as his other compensation. The clerk 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 257 

of the Civil District Court shall be removable by the judges of said court, 
sitting en banc, upon proof after trial, without a jury, of gross or con- 
tinued neglect, incompetency, or unlawful conduct, operating injury to 
the court or to any individual, and a majority of said judges shall be 
competent to render judgment in the case. Such trial and the lodging 
of complaints leading thereto, shall be regulated by rules which shall be 
adopted by the judges of the Civil District Court and of the Criminal 
District Court in joint session. 

Art. 138. The Civil District Court shall select a solvent, incorpo- 
rated bank in New Orleans as a judicial depository, in which, unless other- 
wise ordered by the court, shall be deposited all money as soon as the 
same shall come into the hands of the clerk or sheriff, and such deposits 
shall not be removed in whole or in part without an order from the judge 
seized with jurisdiction. 

Art. 139. The Criminal District Court shall have exclusive origi- 
nal jurisdiction for the trial and punishment of all offenses when the 
penalty of death, imprisonment at hard labor, or imprisonment without 
hard labor for any time exceeding six months, or a fine exceeding three 
hundred dollars may be imposed, and appellate jurisdiction in all cases 
tried before the City Criminal Courts or Recorders' Courts of New Or- 
leans, which cases shall be appealable on the law and the facts, and shall be 
tried on the record and the evidence as made and offered in the lower court. 
Provided, that until the General Assembly shall enact a law grading of- 
fenses, said court shall have general criminal jurisdiction extending to all 
cases arising in the Parish of Orleans, the jurisdiction of which is not 
vested by law or by this Constitution in some other court. Said court shall 
have general and supervisory jurisdiction over all inferior State and mu- 
nicipal Criminal Courts in the Parish of Orleans, and shall have authority 
to issue writs of habeas corpus, in criminal and quasi-criminal cases, and 
such other writs and orders as may be necessary or proper in aid of the 
jurisdiction conferred upon it; and to adopt rules not in conflict with 
law, regulating the order of preference, and proceedings in the trial of 
cases, and the method of allotting or assigning such cases, and of re-allot- 
ting and re-assigning them, in case of vacancy in the office, recusation, 
absence or disability of one or more of the judges, or in case such action 
is deemed necessary for the proper administration of justice. All prose- 
cutions instituted in, and all cases appealed to said Criminal District 
Court shall be equally allotted or assigned by classes among the judges, 
and each judge, or his successor, shall have exclusive control over any 
case allotted or assigned to him, from its inception to its final determina- 
tion in said court, except as herein otherwise provided. 

There shall be one clerk for the Criminal District Court, who shall 
be elected by the voters of the Parish of Orleans, for the term of four 
years. His qualifications and duties, except as herein provided, shall be 
as fixed by law. He shall furnish bonds in the sum of ten thousand dol- 
lars, which bond shall be examined by the court, in like manner as the 
bond of the clerk of the Civil District Court. He shall receive an annual 



258 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

salary of three thousand dollars, which shall be paid by the City of New 
Orleans, in equal monthly instalments, and he shall receive no other 
compensation. He shall appoint, with the approval of the court, such 
deputies, at such salaries, as may be fixed by law. Said deputies may 
be removed at the pleasure of the clerk of the court, and their salaries 
shall be paid by the City of New Orleans. 

Each judge of said court shall appoint a minute clerk, who shall be 
sworn as a deputy clerk, and shall receive an annual salary of eighteen 
hundred dollars, which shall be paid by the City of New Orleans, in the 
same manner as the salary of the clerk. One of the said minute clerks, 
to be designated by the judge longest in continuous service in said court, 
shall be ex-officio minute clerk of said court when sitting en banc, and 
shall receive, as additional compensation, three hundred dollars per 
annum, which shall be paid in like manner as his other compensation. The 
said clerk shall be removable by the judges of the Criminal District Court 
for the causes, and in the manner prescribed for the removal of the clerk 
of the Civil District Court. 

Art. 140. There shall be in the City of New Orleans two inferior 
criminal courts, to be known respectively as the First City Criminal 
Court and the Second City Criminal Court, each of which shall be pre- 
sided over by one judge, and which shall have jurisdiction within the ter- 
ritory hereinafter prescribed, for the trial and punishment, without 
juries, and subject to appeal to the Criminal District Court, of all offenses 
against the State where the penalty does not exceed six months' impris- 
onment in the parish jail, or a fine of three hundred dollars, or both; in 
all other cases the judges of said courts shall have jurisdiction as com- 
mitting magistrates, with authority to bail or discharge. 

The territorial jurisdiction of the First City Criminal Court shall 
extend over the First, Fourth, Sixth and Seventh Municipal Districts of 
the City of New Orleans; and of the Second City Criminal Court, over 
the Second, Third and Fifth Municipal Districts of said city. 

Said judges shall be elected by the voters of the City of New Orleans, 
at large, for the term of four years; the first election, therefor, shall be 
held at the Congressional election in November, 1898, and the judges then 
elected shall serve until May 1st, 1900, and their successors shall be 
elected at the parochial and municipal election in the year 1899. They 
shall be learned in the law, and shall have resided and practiced as attor- 
neys in the City of New Orleans for not less than three years before 
their election or appointment. The judges of said courts shall each 
receive a yearly compensation of three thousand dollars, payable monthly 
on his own warrant. Each judge shall appoint a clerk and such deputies 
as may be authorized by law, at salaries not exceeding twelve hundred 
dollars per annum, except one deputy, who shall be a stenographer, and 
who may receive a salary not exceeding fifteen hundred dollars per 
annum, to be paid in monthly instalments, by the City of New Orleans. 

Art. 141. The General Assembly shall provide for Recorders' 
Courts in the City of New Orleans, to be presided over by magistrates, who 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 259 

need not be attorneys at law, but such courts shall have no jurisdiction 
except for the trial of offenses against city ordinances. 

Art. 142. There shall be a civil and a criminal sheriff for the Par- 
ish of Orleans, who shall be elected by the voters of said parish for the 
term of four years. Their qualifications and duties other than as herein 
provided, shall be prescribed by law. Each of said sheriffs shall execute 
an official bond^the civil sheriff in the sum of fifty thousand dollars, and 
the criminal sheriff in the sum of ten thousand dollars ; and the bonds of 
said sheriffs respectively shall be examined in open court by the judges 
of the District Court which he serves, and all testimony given in such 
examinations shall be reduced to writing and made of record in said 
court. The civil sheriff shall be executive officer of all the Civil Courts 
in the Parish of Orleans, except the City Courts; and the criminal sher- 
iff shall be the executive officer of all the Criminal Courts in said parish. 

The civil sheriff shall appoint as many deputies as in his opinion are 
needed for the efficient discharge of the duties of his office; but after 
May 1st, 1900, the Court of Appeal for the Parish of Orleans and each 
judge of the Civil District Court shall name one deputy to be so appointed, 
who shall serve as crier in said court, and in the divisions presided over by 
said judges respectively, and who shall each receive a salary of six hundred 
dollars per annum to be paid by the sheriff. When not engaged in court 
they shall perform such duties as the sheriff may require. 

The civil sheriff shall receive as compensation such fees as may be 
now or hereafter allowed by law, and shall pay his deputies and all 
expenses of his office. 

The civil sheriff shall pay the sum of two thousand dollars annually 
in quarterly instalments to the City of New Orleans for the fund for pay- 
ment and redemption of judicial fund warrants and certificates herein- 
after provided for. In cases where the said sheriff is a party in interest 
the criminal sheriff, or one of his deputies, shall act. The criminal sher- 
iff shall receive an annual salary of three thousand six hundred dollars 
per annum, which shall be paid by the City of New Orleans in equal 
monthly instalments, and he shall receive no other compensation ; he shall 
appoint, with the approval of the judges of the Criminal District Court 
for the Parish of Orleans, as many deputies as in the opinion of said 
judges are needed for the efficient discharge of the duties of his office, 
and the salaries of such deputies shall be fixed by the Council of the City 
of New Orleans, and paid in like manner as his own. Each judge of said 
Criminal District Court shall name one deputy to be so appointed, 
who shall serve as crier in the sections presided over by the judges respect- 
ively, and shall each receive a salary of one thousand dollars per annum. 
When not engaged in court they shall perform such other duties as the 
sheriff may require. 

The criminal sheriff shall account to and settle with the City of 
New Orleans for all fines and judgments collected by him, without deduc- 
tions of any kind, and all expense$ of his office shall be borne by said cor- 
poration. 



260 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

Art. 143. There shall be a First City Court in New Orleans, com- 
posed of three judges, each of whom shall receive a salary of twenty-four 
hundred dollars per annum, payable monthly on his own warrant. Said 
court shall have exclusive original jurisdiction when the defendant resides 
in that part of the City of New Orleans on the left bank of the Missis- 
sippi river, in all cases when the amount in dispute or the fund to be dis- 
tributed does not exceed one hundred dollars, exclusive of interest, includ- 
ing suits for the ownership of possession of movable property not exceed- 
ing that amount in value; and suits by landlords for possession of leased 
premises when the monthly or yearly rent, or the rent for the Unexpired 
term of the lease does not exceed that amount ; subject to an appeal in all 
cases to the Court of Appeal for the Parish of Orleans. All appeals shall 
be tried de novo, and the judges of the Court of Appeal may provide by 
rules that one or more of the judges shall try such cases, which they shall 
be authorized to decide immediately after trial, and without written 
opinions. 

The judges of said court shall have authority to issue marriage 
licenses, and celebrate marriages, subject to such conditions as may be 
imposed by law, and to execute commissions' to take testimony, and to 
receive therefor the fees allowed by law; they shall adopt rules not in 
conflict with law for the fixing and trial of cases, and shall sit en oanc, for 
the purpose of examining the bonds of the clerk and constable of said 
court, and for the trial and removal of said officers, or either of them, in 
which proceedings they shall be governed by the provisions of this Consti- 
tution as far as they are applicable upon the subject of the bond and of the 
trial and the removal from office of the clerk of the Civil District Court. 

The City of New Orleans shall provide suitable accommodations for 
said court, and cases filed in said court shall be allotted equally to the 
judges thereof. The pleadings in said court shall be in writing, prepared 
by the litigants, or their attorneys or by the clerk. 

Art. 144. There shall be one clerk for said First City Court of New 
Orleans, who shall furnish bond in the sum of five thousand dollars; his 
qualifications and duties, except *as herein provided, shall be determined 
by law; his salary shall be eighteen hundred dollars per annum, payable 
monthly. Each judge shall have the appointment of one deputy clerk, 
whose compensation shall not exceed twelve hundred dollars per annum. 
The clerk shall appoint such other deputies as may be authorized by law; 
provided, that their total compensation shall at no time exceed the sum of 
eighteen hundred dollars per annum. 

Art. 145. There shall be one constable for said court, who shall fur- 
nish bond in the sum of five thousand dollars, and who shall appoint such 
deputies as may be necessary, and at such salaries as he may fix and pay. 
Said deputies shall be removed at his pleasure, or at the pleasure of the 
court. His compensation shall be the fees of his office as now or here- 
after fixed by law; he shall furnish and pay one deputy to attend the 
sittings of each judge, who shall have the selection of such deputy, and 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 261 

who, when not engaged in court, shall perform such other duties as the 
constable may direct. 

The clerk of the said court and the constable thereof shall be remov- 
able by the judges of said court sitting en 'banc, for the causes, and in the 
manner prescribed for the removal of the clerk of the Civil District Court, 
conformably to rules to be adopted by said judges, and subject to an appeal 
to the Court of Appeal for the Parish of Orleans. 

Art. 146. The judges, clerk and constable of said court shall be 
elected for the term of four years by the qualified voters of the City of 
New Orleans on the left bank of the Mississippi river. The first election 
under this provision shall be held at the next parochial and municipal 
election. 

Art. 147. There shall also be a Second City Court in the City of 
New Orleans, on the right bank of the Mississippi river, now known as the 
Fifth District of the City of New Orleans; and said court shall have the 
same jurisdiction as the First City Court in all cases where the defendant 
resides in the Fifth District. There shall be one clerk for said City Court, 
who shall receive a salary of twelve hundred dollars per annum, payable 
monthly, by the City Treasurer, out of the fund hereinafter provided. 
There shall be a constable for said court, whose compensation shall be 
the fees of his office, as may be now or hereafter fixed by law. The judge 
of said court shall have the same qualifications and authority as the judges 
of the First City Court, and shall receive the same compensation. Said 
judge, clerk and constable shall be elected by the qualified voters of said 
Fifth District of the City of New Orleans, for the term of four years. 
The first election under this provision shall be held at the next parochial 
and municipal election. The clerk and constable shall each furnish bond 
in the sum of one thousand dollars, to be approved by the judge of the 
court; and they shall be removable by the judge of said court after due 
trial, subject to an appeal to the Court of Appeal for the Parish of 
Orleans. 

Art. 148. There shall be a District Attorney for the Parish of 
Orleans, who shall be elected by the voters of said parish for the term 
of four years, and shall receive an annual salary of one thousand dollarj, 
and such fees as may be allowed by law; but no fees shall be allowed in 
criminal cases except upon conviction. He shall be a licensed attorney, 
and may appoint two assistants with like qualifications, at salaries not 
to exceed eighteen hundred dollars per annum. BDe shall appoint such 
other assistants as may be required, at salaries to be fixed and paid by 
him. 

Art. 149. There shall be a register of conveyances and a recorder of 
mortgages for the Parish of Orleans, who shall be elected by the voters of 
said parish for the term of four years. Their qualifications and duties 
shall be as fixed by law; the register of conveyances shall furnish bond 
in the sum of fifteen thousand dollars, and the recorder of mortgages in 
the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars, which said bonds shall be exam- 
ined by the judges of the Civil District Court, and all testimony given 



262 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

in said examinations shall be reduced to writing and filed in the court; 
they shall appoint such deputies and at such salaries as are now authorized 
by law, or as hereinafter provided. They shall be governed, with respect 
to the fees and expenses of their offices, the manner of their compensation 
and their obligations with regard to accounting and settling, as herein- 
after prescribed. The compensation of the register of conveyances shall 
be twenty-five hundred dollars per annum, and that of the recorder o£ 
mortgages shall be four thousand dollars per annum. 

Art. 150. The judges of the Civil and Criminal District Courts for 
the Parish of Orleans, and of the City Courts of New Orleans, and the 
clerks and constables of said courts respectively, and the sheriffs, district 
attorney, register of conveyances and recorder of mortgages for the Par- 
ish of Orleans, who shall be serving at the time of the adoption of this 
Constitution, shall, unless removed for cause, remain in office until the 
expiration of the terms for which they were elected or appointed. 

The three judges of the Civil District Court and the one judge of tho 
Criminal District Court, whose terms expire in 1900, shall serve until 
after the election and qualification of their successors, who shall be elected 
at the Congressional election of that year ; and the terms of the two judges 
of the Civil District Court and the one judge of the Criminal District 
Court, whose terms expire in 1904, shall serve until the election and qual- 
ification of their successors, who shall be elected at the Congressional 
election of that year. 

All cases in said courts, and all writs, orders and process issued 
therefrom, and which shall be pending or incourse of execution, together 
with all the records and archives of said courts, and of the offices here- 
inabove mentioned shall, upon the adoption of this Constitution, at once, 
and by virtue of the provisions hereof, be transferred to, and held to be 
cases pending in, and writs, orders and process issued from, and in 
course of execution under the authority of, and records and archives be- 
longing and pertaining to the Civil and Criminal District Courts and 
the clerks thereof, and the offices of the civil and criminal sheriffs, dis- 
trict attorney, register of conveyances and recorder of mortgages for the 
Parish of Orleans, respectively established and provided for by this Con- 
stitution. No change in the system of docketing or numbering shall be 
required for the purpose of suits which may hereafter be filed in either 
of said courts, nor shall any new set of books, or system of keeping the 
same, be required for the purposes of any of said offices. The books and 
records of the Court of Appeal for the Parish of Orleans shall be trans- 
ferred to, and all appeals held to be cases pending in the Court of Appeals 
herein provided for, and without the formality of being renumbered or 
docketed, and the same rule shall apply to cases pending in the Third 
City Court of New Orleans upon the organization of the Second City 
Court of New Orleans, as hereinbefore provided. Upon the organization 
of the First City Court of New Orleans, as hereinbefore provided, all 
books, records and archives of the First, Second and Fourth City Courts 
of New Orleans as now constituted, and of the clerks and constables 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 263 

thereof, and all suits, orders and process issued from and in course of ex- 
ecution under the authority of said courts, shall be transferred thereto, 
and all cases pending in said courts shall be redocketed and numbered 
in said First City Court, upon application of any of the parties in interest, 
and without cost to them. 

The laws regulating the sessions of and practice in the Civil and 
Criminal District Courts for the Parish of Orleans, and the City Courts 
of New Orleans, which may be in force at the time of the adoption of this 
Constitution, shall, if not in conflict herewith, remain in force until other- 
wise provided by the General Assembly. 

Art. 151. All cases on appeal from the City Courts of New Or- 
leans to the Civil District Court, upon the adoption of this Constitution, 
shall remain and be tried in said Civil District Court. 

Art. 152. The recorders of the City of New Orleans who may be 
serving at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall, unless re- 
moved for cause, continue in the exercise of their functions and juris- 
diction, conformably to existing laws, and until otherwise provided, ex- 
cept in so far as such functions and jurisdiction may be affected by the 
provisions of this Constitution which confer appellate and supervisory ju- 
risdiction in certain matters on the City Criminal Courts. 

Art. 153. The election of judges and other officers for the Parish 
of Orleans and City of New Orleans, herein provided for, the time of 
which is not specially fixed, shall be held at the time of the parochial 
and municipal elections. 

Art. 154. Until otherwise provided by law, the costs to be paid clerks, 
sheriffs, constables, recorder of mortgages and register of conveyances, 
shall be as now fixed, except that in no case shall the costs of filing 
appeals from the City Courts exceed the sum of five dollars. 

Art. 155. The General Assembly shall grade all misdemeanors 
and minor offenses against the State, and shall fix the minimum and 
maximum penalties therefor. 

Art. 156. All valid warrants issued for salaries and authorized 
expenses of the offices of the clerk of the Civil District Court, register 
of conveyances and recorder of mortgages for the Parish of Orleans, 
of the clerks of the City Courts of the City of New Orleans, and for 
salaries of the clerks of the Court of Appeal, which are payable out 
of the special judicial expense fund provided for by Article 146 of the 
Constitution of 1879, as amended, and which shall be outstanding and 
unpaid at the date of the adoption of this Constitution, or which shan 
be issued for the current month in which this Constitution is adopted, 
are hereby declared to be valid and subsisting claims against the rev- 
enues of the respective offices upon which said fund was made de- 
pendent. 

The holders of said warrants may present them within six months 
after the adoption of this Constitution to the Board of Liquidation of the 
City Debt, and receive therefor the bonds hereinafter authorized to be is- 
sued ; and the City of New Orleans is required, within three months from 



264 CONSTITUTION OP 1898. 

the adoption of this Constitution, to provide for said warrants or 
claims, by the issuance of bonds in the sum of two hundred and twenty- 
five thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary; said 
bonds shall be for the face value of said warrants, in such denomina- 
tions as the said Board of Liquidation shall recommend, and shall be 
dated July 1st, 1898, and made payable twenty-five years after date, 
or earlier, at the option of said board, and shall bear four 
per cent, per annum interest, payable semi-annually, and repre- 
sented by interest coupons attached thereto, the first 
of said coupons payable January 1st, 1899; said bonds to be known 
as Judicial Expense Fund Bonds, and to be signed by the Mayor and 
Comptroller of the City of New Orleans, and delivered to the Board 
of Liquidation of the City Debt and shall be countersigned by the presi- 
dent and secretary of said board and issued by said board to the holders 
of said warrants upon surrender of same. Neither the State of Lou- 
isiana nor the City of New Orleans shall ever be liable for the payment 
of said bonds nor the interest thereon, except from the special fund 
herein provided for, and any appropriation or other provision therefor 
made by the State or city shall be null and void. 

There shall be stamped across the face of said bonds the words: 
"Issued in accordance with Article 156 of the Constitution of Lou- 
isiana of 1898." 

The clerk of the Civil District Court, register of conveyances and 
recorder of mortgages for the Parish of Orleans, and the clerks of the 
City Courts of New Orleans, shall keep accurate and detailed accounts 
in books to be used exclusively for that purpose, of all fees and charges 
collected in their offices, respectively; and they shall furnish, daily, 
to the city comptroller, transcripts of said accounts duly certified by 
them or by their authority, and said officers shall also daily pay into the 
treasury of the City of New Orleans the whole amount of fees and 
charges so collected. 

From the amounts thus paid into the City Treasury, the Treasurer 
shall set apart and reserve twenty per cent, out of which shall first be 
paid the expenses necessary for the preparation and execution of the 
aforesaid bonds, and thereafter the same shall be used solely and exclu- 
sively to retire the bonds issued in payment of said Judicial Expense 
Fund Warrants and interest thereon, and the certificates of the Comp- 
troller hereinafter authorized; and upon the second Tuesday in De- 
cember and June of every year the said Treasurer shall pay said 
amounts so reserved, and also the amounts received from the Civil 
Sheriff, to the Board of Liquidation of the City Debt, until all the bonds 
herein authorized have been retired or paid; and on the second Tuesday 
in February and August of every year, said Board of Liquidation, in 
accordance with rules to be adopted and made public by it, shall, after 
paying the sen^i-annual interest on said bonds, purchase or redeem with 
such money thus set apart as may have accumulated, and with the 
surplus of the remaining eight per cent, as hereinafter provided, as 



CONSTITUTION OF 1808. 265 

many of said bonds as said money will buy or redeem, preference being 
given to holders ottering at the lowest rate; and all such bonds so 
purchased or redeemed shall be by said Board of Liquidation immedi- 
ately canceled, and a record made thereof. 

From the remaining eighty per cent, of said fund there shall be 
paid monthly the current salaries and expenses of the offices from 
which same is derived, including the salary of the docket and min- 
ute clerks of the Court of Appeal, as now constituted and until the 
election of the clerk of the said court, as above provided, together with 
such authorized expenses of said offices as are not required to be paid 
by the City of New Orleans; and the surplus of said eighty per cent., if 
any, shall be paid by the Treasurer to the said Board of Liquidation, 
and shall be used to redeem or pay said bonds and certificates as herein- 
before and hereinafter provided. 

But if said eighty per cent., during the six months ending July 31st, 
or January 31st of any year, should prove inadequate to pay said salaries 
and expenses, the comptroller shall prorate the deficit among those entitled 
to payment, and shall issue certificates therefor in sums not less than 
ten dollars, which shall bear interest at the rate of four per cent, per 
annum from date, and shall be paid from the funds herein set apart and 
reserved only after all the bonds issued in payment of outstanding war- 
rants shall have first been redeemed or paid. 

All disbursements from said fund for stationery shall be made 
upon the requisitions of the officers requiring same; said requisitions 
to be approved by the Mayor of the City of New Orleans ; and in all cases 
such disbursements and all salaries shall be paid by the treasurer of the 
City of New Orleans upon warrants drawn against said fund by the 
comptroller of said city, approved, so far as the Civil District Court 
is concerned by the presiding judge thereof, for the office of the recorder 
of mortgages and the office of the register of conveyances, by the Mayor 
of the City of New Orleans, and for the offices of the respective City 
Courts by the judge or judges thereof, and for the officers of the Court 
of Appeal by one of the judges thereof. 

Until the full and final payment of all of said bonds and certificates 
hereinbefore provided for, the salaries of the employes of the various 
offices hereinafter named shall remain as now fixed by law, and there 
shall be no increase in the number of employes now authorized by law 
for the offices of recorder of mortgages or register of conveyances 
unless otherwise ordered by the Civil District Court sitting en banc; and 
the number of employes of the Civil District Court shall be as determined 
by a majority of the judges thereof. 

The clerks of the First and Second City Courts, until the organiza- 
tion of the City Courts hereinbefore provided for, may each appoint with 
the approval of the judge thereof, an additional deputy clerk at fifty 
dollars per month, but no other employes, nor larger salaries than those 
now fixed by law, shall te allowed to the City Courts. 

The said Board of Liquidation hereinbefore named shall have the 



266 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

right to reject any and all bids made for the redemption of bonds issued 
as hereinabove provided, and should there be no bids, or none be accepted, 
then said Board of Liquidation, on the second Tuesday in February and 
August of each year, with whatever amount has been paid to said Board 
by the Treasurer as herein provided, shall, after paying the interest, 
pay said bonds in numerical order. 

After the payment of all of said bonds, the twenty per cent, reserve 
herein provided, and any surplus of the remaining eighty per cent, 
shall be used by the City Treasurer in paying the certificates herein pro- 
vided for, if any, in the order of their issue. When said Judicial 
Expense Fund Bonds and Comptroller's certificates, if any of the latter 
shall be issued, shall have been retired and canceled, the salaries and 
expenses of the various offices affected by this article and the revenue 
of said offices shall be regulated and disposed of as may be determined by 
the General Assembly. 

This article shall take effect from the last day of the current month 
in which this Constitution is adopted, and all amounts arising from the 
Judicial Expense Fund, which shall remain in the hands of the State 
Treasurer on that date, shall be paid by him to the Board of Liqui- 
dation of the City Debt, and be used by said board as part of the funds 
hereinabove referred to. 

Art. 157. Vacancies occurring from any cause in the judicial 
offices of the Parish of Orleans or City of New Orleans, shall be filled 
by appointment by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, for the unexpired term. 

Art. 158. The fact that the officers and deputies herein provided for 
are paid by the City of New Orleans shall not make them officers or 
employes thereof. 

GENERAL PROVISIONS. 

Art. 159. No person shall be permitted to act as a juror, who, 
in due course of law, shall have been convicted of treason, perjury, 
forgery, bribery or other crime punishable by imprisonment in the 
penitentiary, or who shall be under interdiction. 

Art. 160. Members of the General Assembly and all officers, before 
entering upon the duties of their respective offices, shall take the fol- 
lowing oath or affirmation: 

" I (A. B.) do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the 
Constitution and laws of the United States and the Constitution and 
laws of this State; and that I will faithfully and impartially discharge 

and perform all the duties incumbent on me as , according 

to the best of my ability and understanding. So help me God." 

Art. 161. The seat of government shall be and remain at the City 
of Baton Rouge. 

Art. 162. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying 
war against it, or adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 267 

No person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two 
witnesses to the same overt act, or his confession in open court. 

Art. 163. All civil officers shall be removable by an address of 
two-thirds of the members elected to each House of the General Assem- 
bly, except those whose removal is otherwise provided for by this 
Constitution. 

Art. 164. No member of Congress, nor person holding or exer- 
cising any office of trust or profit under the United States, or any State, or 
under any foreign power, shall be eligible as a member of the General 
Assembly, or hold or exercise any office of trust or profit under the State. 

Art. 165. The laws, public records, and the judicial and legisla- 
tive written proceedings of the State, shall be promulgated, preserved 
and conducted in the English language; but the General Assembly may 
provide for the publication of the laws in the French language, and 
provide that judicial advertisements, in certain designated cities and 
parishes, shall also be made in that language. 

Art. 166. No ex-post facto law, nor any law impairing the obli- 
gations of contracts, shall be passed, nor vested rights be divested, unless 
for purposes of public utility, and for adequate compensation previously 
made. 

Art. 167. Private property shall not be taken nor damaged for 
public purposes without just and adequate compensation being first paid. 

Art. 168. No power of suspending the laws if this State shall be 
exercised unless by the General Assembly, or by its authority. 

Art. 169. The GeneralAssembly shall provide by law for change 
of venue in civil and criminal cases. 

Art. 170. No person shall hold or exercise, at the same time, 
more than one office of trust or profit, except that of justice of the 
peace or notary public. 

Art. 171. The General Assembly may determine the mode of filling 
vacancies in all offices, for the filling of which provision is not made 
in this Constitution. 

Art. 172. All officers shall continue to discharge the duties of their 
offices until their successors shall have been inducted into office, except 
in case of impeachment or suspension. 

Art. 173. The military shall be in subordination to the civil power, 
and no soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without 
the consent of the owner. 

Art. 174. The General Assembly shall make it obligatory upon 
every parish to support all infirm, sick and disabled paupers residing 
within its limits; provided, that every municipal corporation to which 
the powers of the police jury do not extend, shall support its own 
infirm, sick and disabled paupers. 

Art. 175. No soldier, sailor or marine, in the service of the United 
States, shall hereafter acquire a domicile in this State by reason of 
being stationed or doing duty in the same. 

Art. 176. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to pass 



268 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

such laws as may be proper and necessary to decide differences by 
arbitration. 

Art. 177. The power of the courts to punish for contempt shall 
be limited by law. 

Art. 178. Lotteries, and the sale of lottery tickets, are prohibited 
in this State. 

Art. 179. In all proceedings or indictments for libel, the truth 
thereof may be given in evidence. The jury in all criminal cases shall 
be the judges of the law and of the facts on the question of guilt or in- 
nocence, having been charged as to the law applicable to the case by the 
presiding judge. 

Art. 180. No officer whose salary is fixed by the Constitution shall 
be allowed any fees or perquisites of office, except where otherwise pro- 
vided for by this Constitution. 

Art. 181. *The regulation of the sale of alcoholic or spirituous 
liquors is declared a police regulation, and the General Assembly may 
enact laws regulating their sale and use. 

Art. 182. No person who, at any time, may have been a collector 
of taxes, whether State, parish, or municipal, or who may have been 
otherwise entrusted with public money, shall be eligible to the General 
Assembly, or to any office of honor, profit, or trust, under the State gov- 
ernment, or any parish, or municipality thereof, until he shall have 
obtained a discharge for the amount of such collections, and for all 
public moneys with which he may have been entrusted; and the Gen- 
eral Assembly is empowered to enact laws providing for the suspension 
of public officials charged with the collection of public money, when 
such officials fail to account for same. 

Art. 18b. Any person, who shall, directly or indirectly, offer to 
give any sum, or sums, of money, bribe, present, reward, promise, or 
any other thing to any officer, State, parochial, or municipal, or to any 
member or officer of the General Assembly, with the intent to induce or 
influence such officer, or member of the General Assembly, to appoint 
any person to office, to vote or exercise any power in him vested, or to per- 
form any duty of him required, the person giving or offering to give, 
and- the officer, or member of the General Assembly, so receiving any 
money, bribe, present, reward, promise, contract, obligation, or security, 
with the intent aforesaid, shall be quilty of bribery, and on being found 
guilty thereof by any court of competent jurisdiction, or by either 
House of the General Assembly of which he may be a member or 
officer, shall be forever disqualified, from holding any office, State, 
parochial, or municipal, and shall be forever ineligible to a seat in the 
General Assembly; provided that this shall not be so construed as to 
prevent the General Assembly from enacting additional penalties. 

Art. 184. Any person may be compelled to testify in any lawful 
proceeding against any one who may be charged with having committed 
the offense of bribery, and shall not be permitted to withhold his tes- 
timony upon the ground that it may criminate him or subject him to 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 269 

public infamy; but such testimony shall not afterwards be used against 
him in any judicial proceedings, except for perjury in giving such 
testimony. 

Art. 185. The General Assembly shall pass laws to protect laborers 
on buildings, streets, roads, railroads, canals, and other similar works, 
against the failure of contractors and sub-contractors to pay their cur- 
rent wages when due, and to make the corporation, company, or indi- 
vidual, for whose benefit the work is done, responsible for their ultimate 
payment. 

Art. 186. No mortgage or privilege on immovable property shall 
affect third persons, unless recorded or registered in the parish where 
the property is situated, in the manner and within the time as is now 
or may be prescribed by law, except privileges for expenses of la3t 
illness and privileges for taxes, State, parish, or municipal; provided, 
such tax liens, mortgages, and privileges, shall lapse in three years 
from the 31st day of December, in the year in which the taxes are 
levied, and whether now or hereafter recorded. 

Art. 187. Privileges on movable property shall exist without regis- 
tration of the same, except in such cases as the General Assembly may 
prescribe by law. 

Art. 188. Gambling is a vice, and the Legislature shall pass laws 
to suppress it. 

Art. 189. The pernicious practice of dealing or gambling in futures 
on agricultural products or articles of necessity, where the intention 
of the parties is not to make an honest and bona fide delivery, is declared 
to be against public policy; and the Legislature shall pass laws to 
suppress it. 

Art. 190. It shall be unlawful for persons or corporations, or 
their legal representatives, to combine or conspire together, or to unite 
or pool their interests for the purpose of forcing up or down the price 
of any agricultural product or article of necessity, for speculative pur- 
poses; and the Legislature shall pass laws to suppress it. 

Art. 191. No member of the General Assembly, or public officer, 
or person elected or appointed to a public office under the laws of thi8 
State, shall directly or indirectly, ask, demand, accept, receive, or consent 
to receive, for his own use or benefit, or for the use or benefit of another, 
any free pass, free transportation, franking privilege, or discriminating 
in passenger, telegraph, or telephone rates, from any person or corpora- 
tion, or make use of the same himself or in conjunction with another. 

Any person who violates any provision of this Article shall forfeit 
his office, at the suit of the Attorney-General, or the District Attorney, 
to be brought at the domicile of the defendant, and shall be subject to such 
further penalty as may be prescribed by law. 

Any corporation, or officer, or agent thereof, who shall give, or 
offer, or promise, to a public officer any such free pass, free transporta- 
tion, franking privilege, or discrimination, shall be liable to punishment 
for each offense by a fine or five hundred dollars, to be recovered at the 



270 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

suit of the Attorney-General, or District Attorney, to be brought at 
the domicile of the officer to whom such free pass, free transportation, 
franking privilege, or discrimination, was given, offered, or promised. 

No person, or officer, or agent, of a corporation, giving any such 
free pass, free transportation, franking privilege, or discrimination, 
hereby prohibited, shall be privileged from testifying in relation thereto; 
but he shall not be liable to civil or criminal prosecution therefor, if he 
shall testify to the giving of the same. 

Art. 192. Whenever the General Assembly shall authorize a suit 
against the State it shall provide in the act authorizing the same, that, 
such suit be instituted before the District Court at the State Capital; 
that citation to answer such suit shall be served both upon the Governor 
and the Attorney- General ; that the Supreme Court of the State shall 
have appellate jurisdiction in such suit, without regard to the amount 
involved; that the only object of such suit, and the only effect of the 
judgment therein, shall be a judicial interpretation of the legal rights 
of the parties for the consideration of the Legislature in making ap- 
propriations ; that the burden of proof shall rest upon the plaintiff or 
claimant to show that the claim sued upon is a legal and valid obliga- 
tion of the State, incurred in strict conformity to law, not in viola- 
tion of the. Constitution of the State or of the United States, and for 
a valid consideration, and that all these things shall be affirmatively 
declared by the Supreme Court before any judgment is recognized for 
any purpose against the State. 

Art. 193. Prescription shall not run against the State in any civil 
matter, unless otherwise provided in this Constitution, or expressly by law. 

Art. 194. There shall be appointed by the Governor, by and with 
the advice and consent of the Senate, a State Examiner of State Banks, 
who shall be an expert accountant, and who shall make examinations of 
all State banks at least twice in every year. His term of office shall 
be four years and the Legislature shall define his duties and fix his 
compensation. 

Art. 195. The New Basin Canal and Shell Road, and their appur- 
tenances, shall not be leased, nor alienated, nor shall the Carondelet 
Canal and Bayou St. John, and their appurtenances, be leased, or alien- 
ated when they shall come into the possession of the State. 

Art. 196. The General Assembly may authorize the employment 
under State supervision and the proper officers and employes of the 
State, of convicts on public roads or other public works, or convict 
farms, or in manufactories owned or controlled by the State, under such 
provisions and restrictions as may be imposed by law, and shall enact 
laws necessary to carry these provisions into effect; and no convict 
sentenced to the State penitentiary shall ever be leased, or hired to 
any person, or persons, or corporation, private or public, or quasi-public, 
or board, save as herein authorized. This article shall take effect upon 
the expiration of the penitentiary lease, made pursuant to Act No. 
114, approved July 10th, 1890. 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 271 

SUFFRAGE AND ELECTIONS. 

Art. 197. Every male citizen of this State and of the United States, 
native born or naturalized, not less than twenty-one years of age, and 
possessing the following qualifications, shall be an elector, and shall be 
entitled to vote at any election in the State by the people, except as 
may be herein otherwise provided. 

Sec. 1. He shall have been an actual bona-fide resident of this 
State for two years, of the parish one year and of the precinct in which 
he offers to vote six months next preceding the election; provided, that 
removal from one precinct to another in the same parish shall not 
operate to deprive any person of the right to vote in the precinct from 
which he has removed, until six months after such removal. 

Sec. 2. He shall have been at the time he offers to vote, legally 
enrolled as a registered voter on his personal application, in accordance 
with the provisions of this Constituion, and the laws enacted thereunder. 

The qualifications of voters and the registration laws in force prior 
to the adoption of this Constitution shall remain in force until Decem- 
ber 31st, 1898, at which date all the provisions of this Constitution rel- 
ative to suffrage, registration and election, except as hereinafter otherwise 
provided, shall go into effect, and the General Assembly shall, and is 
hereby directed, at its regular session in 1898, to enact a general regis- 
tration law to carry into effect the provisions of this Consittuion relative 
to the qualifications and registration of voters. 

Sec 3. He shall be able to read and write, and shall demonstrate 
his ability to do so when he applies for registration, by making, under 
oath administered by the registration officer or his deputy, written appli- 
cation therefor, in the English language, or his mother tongue, which 
application shall contain the essential facts necessary to show that he 
is entitled to register and vote, and shall be entirely written, dated and 
signed by him, in the presence of the registration officer or his deputy, 
without assistance or suggestion from any person or any memorandum 
whatever, except the form of application hereinafter set forth; pro- 
vided, however, that if the applicant be unable to write his application 
in the English language, he shall have the right, if he so demjands, 
to write the same in his mother tongue from the dictation of an inter- 
preter; and if the applicant is unable to write his application by reason 
of physical disability, the same shall be written at his dictation by 
the registration officer or his deputy, upon his oath of such disability. 
The application for registration, above provided for, shall be a copy 
of the following form, with the proper names, dates and numbers sub- 
stituted for the blanks appearing therein, to-wit : 

I am a citizen of the State of Louisiana. My name is 

I was born in the State (or country) of , Parish (or county) 

of , on the .... day of , in the year .... I am now 

.... years, .... months and .... days of age. I have resided in this 
State since . . . ., in this parish , and in Precinct No , of 



272 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

Ward No , of this parish, since . .. ., and I am not disfranchised 

by any provision of the Constitution of this State. 

Sec. 4. If he be not able to read and write, as provided by Sec- 
tion three of this article, then he shall be entitled to register and voie 
if he shall, at the time he offers to register, be the bona fide owner of 
property assessed to him in this State at a valuation of not less than 
three hundred dollars on the assessment roll of the current year in 
which he oners to register, or on the roll of the preceding year, if the 
roll of the current year shall not then have been completed and filed, and on 
which, if such property be personal only, all taxes due shall have been 
paid. The applicant for registration under this section shall make oath 
before the registration ofiicer or his deputy, that he is a citizen of the 
United States and of this State over the age of twenty-one years; that 
he possesses the qualifications prescribed in section one of this article, 
and that he is the owner of property assessed in this State to him at a 
valuation of not less than three hundred dollars, and if such property 
be personal only, that all taxes due thereon have been paid. 

Sec. 5. No male person who was on January 1st, 1867, or at any 
date prior thereto, entitled to vote under the Constitution or statutes of 
any State of the United States, wherein he then resided, and no son or 
grandson of any such person not less than twenty-one years of age at 
the date of the adoption of this Constitution, and no male person of 
foreign birth, who was naturalized prior to the first day of January, 
1898, shall be denied the right to register and vote in this State by 
reason of his failure to possess the educational or property qualifications 
prescribed by this Constitution; provided, he shall have resided in this 
State for five years next preceding the date at which he shall apply for 
registration, and shall have registered in accordance with the terms 
of this article prior to September 1, 1898, and no person shall be entitled 
to register under this section after said date. 

Every person claiming the benefit of this section shall make applica- 
tion to the proper registration officer, or his deputy, for registration, and 
he shall make oath before such registration ofiicer or his deputy in 
the form following, viz. : I am a citizen of the United States 
and of this State, over the age of twenty-one years; I have resided in 
this State for five years next preceding this date. I was on the .... day 

of entitled to vote under the Constitution or statutes of the 

State of , herein I then resided (or, I am the son, or grandson) 

of , who was on the .... day of entitled to vote 

under the Constitution or statutes of the State of , wherein 

he then resided, and I desire to avail myself of the privileges conferred 
by section 5 of Article 197 of the Constitution of this State. 

A separate registration of voters applying under this section, shall 
be made by the registration officer of every parish, and for this purpose 
the registration officer of every parish shall keep his office open daily, 
Sundays and legal holidays excepted^ from May 16th, 1898, until August 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 273 

31st, 1898, both included, during- the hours prescribed by Act No. 89 of 
the Genofal Assemblly of 1896. In every parish, except the jarish of 
Orleans, he shall keep his office at the courthouse at least during the 
months of May, June and August, and during the month of July, he 
shall keep it for at least one day at or near each polling place, giving 
thirty days' notice thereof by publication. 

The registration of voters under this section shall close on the 
31st day of August, 1898, and immediately thereafter the registration 
officer of every parish shall make a sworn copy, in duplicate, of the list 
of persons registered under this section, showing in detail whether the 
applicant registered as a voter of 1867, or prior thereto, or as the son 
of such voter, or as the grandson of such voter, and deposit one of said 
duplicates in the office of the Secretary of State, to be by him recorded 
and preserved as a part of the permanent records of his office, and the 
other of said duplicates shall be by him filed in the office of the Clerk 
of the District Court of the parish, and in the parish of Orleans, in the 
office of the Recorder of Mortgages, there to remain a permanent record. 

All persons whose names appear on said registration lists shall be 
admitted to register for all elections in this State without possessing the 
educational or property qualification prescribed by this Constitution, 
unless otherwise disqualified, and all persons who do not by personal appli- 
cation claim exemption from the provisions of sections 3 and 4 of this arti- 
cle before September 1st, 1898, shall be forever denied the right to do so. 

The Legislature shall, at its first session after the adoption of this 
Constitution, provide the manner in which persons whose names appear 
upon said registration lists shall hereafter register, which mode may be 
different from that required for persons registering under the other 
sections of this article; and shall also provide a remedy whereby sub- 
sequently to the close of said registration on August 31st, 1898, the 
names of any persons who may have obtained registration under this sec- 
tion by false statements of fact or other fraud, shall by appropriate pro- 
ceedings be stricken from said roll. 

Art. 198. No person less than sixty years of age shall be permitted 
to vote at any election in the State who shall not, in addition to the quali- 
fications above prescribed, have paid on or before the 31st day of 
December, of each year, for the two years preceding the year in which 
he offers to vote, a poll tax of one dollar per annum, to be used exclu- 
sively in aid of the public schools of the parish in which such tax 
shall have been collected; which tax is hereby imposed on every male 
resident of this State between the age of twenty-one and sixty years. 
Poll taxes shall be a lien only upon assessed property, and no process 
shall issue to enforce the collection of the same except against assessed 
property. 

Every person liable for such tax shall, before being allowed to 
vote, exhibit to the Commissioners of Election his poll tax receipts for 
two years, issued on the official form, or duplicates thereof, in the event 
of loss, or proof of payment of such poll taxes may be made by a certi- 



274 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

ficate of the tax collector, which shall be sent to the Commissioners 
of the several voting precincts, showing a list of those who liave paid 
said two years' poll taxes as above provided, and the dates of payment. 
It is hereby declared to be forgery, and punishable as such, for any tax 
collector or other person, to antedate, or alter, a poll tax receipt. Any 
person who shall pay the poll tax of another or advance him money for 
that purpose, in order to influence his vote, shall be guilty of bribery 
and punished accordingly. The provisions of this section as to the pay- 
ment of poll taxes shall not apply to persons who are deaf and dumb, 
or blind, nor to persons under twenty-three years of age, who have paid 
all poll taxes assessed against them. This section shall not go into 
operation until after the general State election to be held in the 
year 1900, and the Legislature elected in the year 1908 shall have au- 
thority to repeal or modify the same. 

Art. 199. Upon all questions submitted to the tax-payers, as such, 
of any municipal or other political subdivision of this State, the qual- 
ifications of such tax payers as voters shall be those of age and residence 
prescribed by this article, and women tax payers shall have the right 
to vote at all such elections, without registration, in person or by their 
agents, authorized in writing; but all other persons voting at such 
elections shall be registered voters. 

Art. 200. No person shall vote at any primary election or in any 
convention or other political assembly held for the purpose of nomi- 
nating any candidate for public office, unless he is at the time a regis- 
tered voter. And in all political conventions in this State the appor- 
tionment of representation shall be on the basis of population . 

Art. 201. Any person possessing the qualifications prescribed by 
Section 3 or 4 of Article 197 of this Constitution, who may be denied 
registration, shall have the right to apply for relief to the District Court 
having jurisdiction of civil causes for the parish in which he offers to 
register, and the party cast in said suit shall have the right of appeal 
to the Supreme Court; and any citizen of the State shall have a like 
right to apply to said courts, to have stricken off any names illegally 
placed on said registration rolls under Sections 3 and 4 of Article 
197; and such applications and appeals shall be tried by said courts by 
preference, in open court or at chambers. The General Assembly shall 
provide by law for such applications and appeals without cost, and for 
the prosecution of all persons charged with illegal or fraudulent regis- 
tration or voting, or any other crime or offense against the registration 
or election or primary election laws. 

Art. 202. The following persons shall not be permitted to register, 
vote or hold any office or appointment of honor, trust or profit in this 
State, to-wit: Those who have been convicted of any crime punish- 
able by imprisonment in the penitentiary, and not afterwards pardoned 
with express restoration of franchise; those who are inmates of any 
charitable institution, except the "Soldiers' Home; those actually con- 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 275 

lined in any public prison; all indicted persons, and all persons no- 
toriously insane or idiotic, whether interdicted or not. 

Art. 203. In all elections by the people the electors shall vote by 
ballot, and the ballots cast shall be publicly counted. In all elections 
by persons in a representative capacity, the vote shall be viva-voce. 

Art. 204. Electors shall, in all cases except treason, felony or breach 
of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance on 
elections, and in going to and returning from the same. 

Art. 205. The General Assembly shall by law forbid the giving 
or selling of intoxicating drinks, on the day of any election, or primary 
election, within one mile of any polling place. 

Art. 206. Until otherwise provided by law, the general State elec- 
tion shall be held once every four years on the Tuesday next following 
the third Monday in April. 

Presidential electors and members of Congress shall be chosen or 
elected in the manner and at the time prescribed by law. 

Art. 207. Parochial elections, except in the City of New Orleans, 
shall be held on the same day as the general State election, and not 
oftener than once in four years. 

In the City of New Orleans parochial and municipal elections 
shall be held on the Tuesday following the first Monday of November, 
1899, and of every fourth year thereafter, but the General Assembly 
may change the date of said election after the year 1899; provided, that, 
the parochial and municipal elections shall be held together, and shall 
always be on a day separate and apart from the General State Election and 
not oftener than once in four years. The municipal and parochial 
officers in the City of New Orleans shall take their offices on the first 
Monday in the month of May following their election, until otherwise 
provided by law. 

Art. 208. For the purpose of voting, no person shall be deemed 
to have gained a residence, by reason of his presence, or lost it by 
reason of his absence, while employed in the service, either civil or 
military, of this State or of the United States; or while engaged in 
the navigation of the waters of the State or of the United States; or 
of the high seas; or while a student of any institution of learning. 

Art, 2(09. The General Assembly shall provide by law for the 
trial and determination of contested elections of all public officers, 
whether State, judicial, parochial or municipal (except Governor and 
Lieutenant Governor), which trials shall be by the courts of law and at 
the domicile of the party defendant. 

Art. 210. No person shall be eligible to any office, State, judicial., 
parochial, municipal or ward, who is not a citizen of this State and a 
duly qualified elector of the State, judicial district, parish, municipality 
or ward, wherein the functions of said office are to be performed. 
And whenever any officer, State, judicial, parochial, municipal or ward, 
may change his residence from this State, or from the district, parish, 
municipality or ward in which he holds such office, the same shall thereby 



276 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

be vacated, any declaration of retention of domicile to the contrary 

notwithstanding. 

Art. 211. Returns of elections for all civil officers who are to bo 
commissioned by the Governor shall be made to the Secretary of State, 
unless otherwise provided in this Constitution. 

Art. 212. All elections by the people, except primary elections and 
municipal elections in towns having a population of less than twenty-five 
hundred, when such elections are not held at the same time as general 
State elections, shall be by official ballot, printed and distributed at 
the expense of the State; and, until otherwise provided by law, such 
ballots shall have printed thereon, and at the head and immediately pre- 
ceding the list of names of the candidates of each political party or 
nominating paper, a specific and separate device by which the political 
party and the candidates of such political party or nominating paper 
may be indicated. By stamping such device at the head of the list 
of candidates of each political party, or nominating paper, the voter 
may indicate that his vote is for the entire or straight ticket of the 
particular party or nominating paper employing the particular device 
allotted to such political party, or nominating paper. When the voter 
does not desire to vote an entire or straight party ticket, he may vote 
for candidates of any political party or nominating paper, by stamping 
a blank space to be left opposite the name of each candidate on said 
official ballot. 

The General Assembly shall provide some plan by which the voters 
may prepare their ballots in secrecy at the polls. This article shall not 
be construed so as to prevent the names of independent candidates from 
being printed on the ballots with a device; and names of candidates 
may be written on the ballot. These provisions shall not apply to elec- 
tions for the imposition of special taxes, for which the General Assem- 
bly shall provide special laws. 

Art. 213. Electors shall not be registered within thirty days next 
preceding any election at which they may offer to vote, but applications 
to the courts, and appeals may be heard and determined, and revision 
take place at any time prior to the election, and no person who, in 
respect to age and residence, would become entitled to vote within the 
said thirty days, shall be excluded from registration on account of his 
want of qualifications at the time of his application for registration. 

Art. 214. The Legislature shall provide for the registration of 
voters throughout the State. 

Art. 215. The Legislature shall enact laws to secure fairness in 
party primary elections, conventions, or other methods of naming party 
candidates. 

Art. 216. In the trial of contested elections and in proceedings for 
the investigation of elections, and in all criminal trials under the elec- 
tion laws, no person shall be permitted to withhold his testimony on the 
grounds that he may criminate himself or subject himself to public 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 277 

infamy, but such testimony shall not be used against him in any judi- 
cial proceedings except for perjury in giving such testimony. 

IMPEACHMENT AND REMOVAL FROM OFFICE. 

Art. 217. The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, 
Auditor, Treasurer, Attorney General, Superintendent of Public Edu- 
cation, Railroad Commissioners, and the Judges of all the Courts of 
Record in this State, shall be liable to impeachment for high crimes 
and misdemeanors, for nonfeasance or malfeasance in office, for in- 
competency, for corruption, favoritism, extortion or oppression in office, 
or for gross misconduct, or habitual drunkedness. 

Art. 218. The House of Representatives shall have the sole power 
of impeachment. All impeachments shall be tried by the Senate; when 
sitting for that purpose, the Senators shall be upon oath or affirmation, 
and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-third3 
of the Senators present. When the Governor of the State is on trial, 
the Chief Justice or the senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court 
shall preside. 

The Senate may adjourn the trial of any impeachment from time 
to time, as it may deem proper, and may sit for the purpose of such 
trial whether the House of Representatives or the Legislature be in session 
or not. 

Judgment in cases of impeachment shall extend only to removal 
from office and disqualification from holding any office of honor, trust 
or profit, under the State, but the party, whether convicted or acquitted, 
shall nevertheless be liable to prosecution, trial and punishment according 
to law. 

Art. 219. All officers against whom articles of impeachment are 
preferred, except the Governor, shall be suspended from office during the 
pendency of such impeachment, and the appointing power shall make a 
provisional appointment to replace any suspended officer until the decision 
of the impeachment. 

Art. 220. For any reasonable cause, whether sufficient for im- 
peachment or not, the Governor shall remove any officer on the address 
of two-thirds of the members elected to each house of the General Assem- 
bly. In every such case, the cause or causes for which such removal 
may be required shall be stated at length in the address and inserted in 
the Journal of each House. 

Art. 221. For any of the causes specified in Art. 217, Judges of 
the Courts of Appeal, and of the District Courts throughout the State 
may be removed from office by judgment of the Supreme Court, which 
is hereby vested with original jurisdiction to try such cases. The suit 
for removal may be instituted by the Attorney General or District At- 
torney, whenever in his opinion sufficient cause exists therefor; and it is 
hereby made the duty of the Attorney General or District Attorney to in- 
stitute such suit whenever instructed in writing by the Governor so to do, 



278 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

or on the written request and information of twenty-five citizens and 
tax payers residing within the territorial limits of the district or cir- 
cuit over which the judge against whom the suit is brought exercises 
the functions of his office. Such suits shall be tried after citation and 
ten day's delay for answering, in preference to all other suits, and 
wherever the court may be sitting; but the pendency of such suit shall 
not operate a suspension from office. In all cases where the officer 
sued, as above directed, shall be acquitted, and where the suit is instituted 
on the request and information of citizens, judgment shall be rendered 
jointly and in solido against the citizens signing the request, for all costs 
of the suit. Judgments in cases of removal under this article shall 
extend not only to removals from office and disqualification from hold- 
ing any office of honor, trust, or profit under the State, but also to dis- 
qualification for the practice of law, and the party, whether convicted 
or not, shall nevertheless be liable to prosecution, trial and punishment 
according to law. 

Art. 222. For any of the causes enumerated in Article 217, mem- 
bers of the State Board of Appraisers, except the Auditor, Railroad 
Commissioners, District Attorneys, Clerks of Courts, Sheriffs, Coroners, 
Justices of the Peace, Judges of the City Courts, and of other inferior 
Courts of the City of New Orleans and elsewhere, and all other parish, 
municipal and ward officers, may be removed by judgment of the Dis- 
trict Court of the domicile of such officer (in the Parish of Orleans the 
Civil District Court.) The District Attorney may, whenever in his 
opinion sufficient cause exists therefor, institute such suit, and it shall 
be his duty (except when the suit is to be brought against himself), 
to institute such suit on the written request and information of twenty- 
five resident citizens and taxpayers, in the case of members of the State 
Board of Appraisers, Railroad Commissioners, district, parish, or muni- 
cipal officers, and of ten resident citizens and taxpayers in the case of 
ward officers. Such suit shall be brought against a District Attorney 
upon such written request and information by the District Attorney of 
an adjoining district, or by counsel appointed by the judge for that 
purpose. In all suits instituted under this article the defendant, the 
State and the citizens and taxpayers, on whose information, and at whose 
request such suit may have been brought, or any one of them, shall 
have the right to appeal, both on the law and the facts, from the judg- 
ment of the Court. In all cases where the officer sued, as above directed, 
shall be acquitted, judgment shall be rendered jointly and in solido against 
the citizens signing the request, for all costs of the suit. 

In cases against members of the State Board of Appraisers, Railroad 
Commisioners, District Attorneys, Clerks and Sheriffs, the appeal shall 
be to the Supreme Court, and in case against all other officers the appeal 
shall be to the Court of Appeal of the proper circuit. 

Such appeals shall be returnable within ten days to the appellate 
court wherever it may be sitting or wherever it may hold its next ses- 
sion, and may be transferred by "order of the judges of said court to 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 279 

another parish within their circuit, and such appeals shall be tried by 
preference over all others. In case of the refusal or neglect of the Dis- 
trict Attorney or Attorney General to institute and prosecute any suit 
provided for in this and the preceding article, the citizens and taxpayers 
making the request, or any one of them, shall have the right by man- 
damus to compel him to perform such duty. 

The institution and pendency of suits brought under this article 
shall not operate a suspension of the defendant from office. 

Art. 223. On the recommendation of the Auditor or the Police Jury 
of any parish, the Governor may suspend any officer charged with the 
collection or custody of public funds when in arrears. 

REVENUE AND TAXATION. 

Art. 224. The taxing power may be exercised by the General Assem- 
bly for State purposes, and by parishes and municipal corporations and 
public boards, under authority granted to them by the General Assem- 
bly, for parish, municipal, and local purposes, strictly public in their 
nature. 

Art. 225. Taxation shall be equal and uniform throughout the ter- 
ritorial limits of the authority levying the tax, and all property shall be 
taxed in proportion to its value, to be ascertained as directed by law; 
provided, the assessment of all property shall never exceed the actual 
cash value thereof; and provided, further, that the tax payers shall 
have the right of testing the correctness of their assessments before 
the courts of justice. In order to arrive at this equality and uniform- 
ity, the General Assembly shall, at its first session after the adoption of 
this Constitution, provide a system of equality and uniformity in 
assessments based upon the relative value of property in the dif- 
ferent portions of the State. The valuations put upon property for the 
purposes of State taxation shall be taken as the proper valuation for 
purposes of local taxation, in every subdivision of the State. 

Art. 226. There shall be a State Board of Appraisers, composed 
of the Auditor, and six other members, to be elected for four years 
by the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Treasurer, Attorney General, 
and Secretary of State, one from each Congressional District, whose 
duty it shall be to assess the property belonging to corporations, asso- 
ciations and individuals employed in railway, telegraph, telephone, 
sleeping car and express business. The General Assembly shall fix the 
compensation of said board. 

Art. 227. The taxing power shall be exercised only to carry on 
and maintain the government of the State and the public institutions 
thereof, to educate the children of the State, to preserve the public 
health, to pay the principal, and interest of the public debt, to suppress 
insurrection, to repel invasion or defend the State in time of war, to 
provide pensions for indigent Confederate soldiers and sailors, and thei p 
widows, to establish markers or monuments upon the battlefields of the 
country commemorative of the services of Louisiana soldiers on such 



280 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

fields, to maintain a memorial hall in New Orleans for the collection 
and preservation of relics and memorials of the late Civil War, and for 
levee purposes, as hereinafter provided. 

Art. 228. The power to tax corporations and corporate property 
shall never be surrendered nor suspended by act of the General Assembly. 

Art. 229. The General Assembly may levy a license tax, and in 
such case shall graduate the amount of such tax to be collected from 
the persons pursuing- the several trades, professions, vocations, and 
callings. All persons, associations of persons and corporations pursuing 
any trade, profession, busines 01 calling, may be rendered liable to such 
tax, except clerks, laborers, clergymen, school teachers, those engaged in 
mechanical, agricultural, horticultural, and mining pursuits, and manu- 
facturers other than those of distilled, alcoholic or malt liquors, tobacco, 
cigars, and cotton seed oil. No political corporation shall impose a 
greater license tax than is imposed by the General Assembly for State 
purposes. This restriction shall not apply to dealers in distilled, alco- 
holic or malt liquors. 

The General Assembly shall have authority to provide that muni- 
cipalities levying license taxes equal in amount to those levied by police 
juries for parochial purposes, shall be exempted from the payment of 
such parochial licenses. 

Art. 230. The following shall be exempt from taxation, and no 
other, viz: All public property, places of religious worship, or burial, 
all charitable institutions, all buildings and property used exclusively for 
public monuments or historical collections, colleges and other school 
purposes, the real and personal estate of any public library, and that 
of any other library association used by or connected with such library, 
all books and philosophical apparatus, and all paintings and statuary 
of any company or association kept in public hall; provided, the prop- 
erty so exempted be not leased for purposes of private or corporate profit 
and income. There shall also be exempt from taxation household 
property to the value of five hundred dollars. There shall also be 
exempt from parochial and municipal taxation for a period of ten years 
from the 1st day of January, 1900, the capital, machinery and other 
property employed in mining operations, and in the manufacture of 
textile fabrics, yarns, rope, cordage, leather, shoes, harness, saddlery, 
hats, clothings, flour, machinery, articles of tin, copper and sheet iron, 
agricultural implements, and furniture and other articles of wood, marble 
or stone; soap, stationery, ink and paper, boat building and fertilizers 
and chemicals; provided, that not less than five hands are employed in 
any one factory; provided, that nothing herein contained shall affect 
the exemptions provided for by existing constitutional provisions. 

There shall also be exempt from taxation for a period of ten years 
from the date of its completion any railroad or part of such railroad 
that may hereafter be constructed and completed prior to January 1st, 
1904; provided, that when aid has heretofore been voted by any parish, 
ward, or municipality to any railroad not yet constructed, such railroad 
shall not be entitled to the exemption from taxation herein established, 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 281 

unless it waives and relinquishes such aid or consents to a resubmis- 
sion of the question of granting such aid to a vote of the property tax 
payers of the parish, ward, or municipality, which has voted the sank 3 , 
if one-third of such property tax payers petition for the same within 
six months after the adoption of this Constitution. 

And provided, further, that this exemption shall not apply to double 
tracks, sidings, switches, depots or other improvements or betterments, 
which may be constructed by railroads now in operation within the 
State, other than extensions or new lines constructed by such railroads; 
nor shall the exemption hereinabove granted apply to any railroad or 
part of such railroad, the construction of which was begun and the 
road bed of which was substantially completed at the date of the adoption 
of this constitution. 

The property or real estate belonging to any military organization 
of the State of Louisiana which is used by the State National Guard or 
militia for military purposes, such as arsenals or armories, while so 
used, shall be exempt from taxation. 

Art. 231. The General Assembly shall levy an annual poll tax 
of one dollar upon every male inhabitant in the State between the ages 
of twenty-one and sixty years, for the maintenance of the public schools 
in the parishes where collected. 

Art. 232. The State tax on property for all purposes whatever, 
including expense of government, schools, levees and interest, shall not 
exceed, in any one year, six mills on the dollar of its assessed valua- 
tion, and, except as otherwise provided in this Constitution, no parish, 
municipal or public board tax for all purposes whatsoever, shall exceed 
in any one year ten mills on the dollar of valuation; provided, that 
for giving additional support to public schools, and for the purpose 
of erecting and constructing public buildings, public school houses, 
bridges, wharves, levees, sewerage work and other works of permanent 
public improvement, the title to which shall be in the public, any parish, 
muncipal corporation, ward or school district may levy a special tax 
in excess of said limitation, whenever the rate of such increase and 
the number of years it is to be levied and the purposes for which the 
tax is intended, shall have been submitted to a vote of the property 
taxpayers of such parish, municipality, ward or school district entitled 
to vote under the election laws of the State, and a majority of the same 
in numbers, and in value voting at such election shall have voted therefor. 

Art. 233. There shall be no forfeiture of property for the non- 
payment of taxes, State, levee district, parochial or municipal, but at 
the expiration of the year in which said taxes are due the collector shall, 
without suit, and after giving notice to the delinquent in the manner to 
be provided by law, advertise for sale in the official journal of the 
parish, city or municipality, provided there be an official journal in 
such parish, city or municipality, the property on which the taxes are 
due in the manner provided for judicial sales, and on the day of sale 
he shall sell such portion of the property as the debtor shall point out; 



282 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

and in case the debtor shall not point out sufficient property, the col- 
lector shall, at once and without further delay, sell the least quantity 
of property which any bidder will buy for the amount of the taxes, 
interest and costs. The sale shall be without appraisement, and the 
property sold shall be redeemable at any time for the space of one year, 
by paying the price given, including costs, and twenty per cent, thereon. 
No judgment annulling a tax sale shall have effect until the price and all 
taxes and costs paid, with ten per cent, per annum interest on the amount 
of the price and taxes paid from date of respective payments, be pre- 
viously paid to the purchaser ; provided, this shall not apply to sales an- 
nulled on account of taxes having been paid prior to the date of sale, 
or dual assessments. All deeds of sale made, or that may be made, by 
the collectors of taxes, shall be received by courts in evidence as prima 
facie valid sales. 

No sale of property for taxes shall be set aside for any cause, 
except on proof of dual assessment, or of payment of the taxes for 
which the property was sold prior to the date of the sale, unless the 
proceeding to annul is instituted within six months from service of 
notice of sale, which notice shall not be served until the time of redemp- 
tion has expired, or within three years from the adoption of this Con- 
stitution, as to sales already made and within three years from the 
date of recordation of the tax deed, as to sales made hereafter, if no notice 
is given. The manner of notice and form of proceeding to quiet tax 
titles shall be provided by law. Taxes on movables shall be collected 
by seizure and sale by the tax collector of the movable property of the 
delinquent, whether it be the property assessed or not, sufficient to pay 
the tax. Sale of such property shall be made at public auction, without 
appraisement, after ten day's advertisement, made within ten days from 
date of seizure, and shall be absolute and without redemption. 

If the tax collector can find no corporeal movables of the delinquent 
to seize, he may levy on incorporated rights, by notifying the debtor 
thereof, or he may proceed by summary rule in the courts to compel the 
delinquent to deliver up for sale property in his possession or under 
his control. 

Art. 234. The tax shall be designated by the year in which it is 
collectable, and the tax on movable property shall be collected in the 
year in which the assessment is made. 

Art. 235. The Legislature shall have power to levy, solely for the 
support of the public schools, a tax upon all inheritances, legacies, and 
donations; provided, no direct inheritance, or donation, to an ascendant 
or descendant, below ten thousand dollars in amount or value shall be 
so taxed; provided further, that no such tax shall exceed three per cent, 
for direct inheritances and donations to ascendants or descendants, and 
ten per cent, for collateral inheritances, and donations to collaterals or 
strangers ; provided, bequests to educational, religious ,or charitable insti- 
tutions shall be exempt from this tax. 

Art. 236. The tax provided 'for in the preceding article shall not 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 283 

be enforced when the property donated or inherited shall have borne its 
just proportion of taxes prior to the time of such donation or inheritance. 

Art. 237. The Legislature shall pass no law postponing the payment 
of taxes, except in case of overflow, general conflagration, general destruc- 
tion of crops, or other public calamity. 

Art. 238. A levee system shall be maintained in the State, and a 
tax not to exceed one mill may be levied annually on all property subject 
to taxation, and shall be applied exclusively to the maintenance and 
repairs of levees. 

Art. 239. The General Assembly may divide the State into Levee 
Districts, and provide for the appointment or election of Levee Com- 
missioners in said districts, who shall, in the method and manner to be 
provided by law, have supervision of the erection, repair, and mainte- 
nance of the levees in said districts; to that effect the Levee Commis- 
sioners may levy a tax not to exceed ten mills on the taxable property 
situated within the alluvial portions of said districts subject to over- 
flow; provided, that in case of necessity to raise additional funds for 
the purpose of constructing, preserving, or repairing any levees pro- 
tecting the lands of a district, the rate of taxation herein limited, may 
be increased, when the rate of such increase and the necessity and 
purpose for which it is intended shall have been submitted to a vote 
of the property tax payers of such district, paying taxes for themselves, 
or in any representative capacity, whether resident or non-resident, on 
property situated within the alluvial portion of said district subject 
to overflow, and a majority of those in number and value, voting at 
such election, shall have voted therefor. The Boards of Commissioners 
of the several levee districts, when authorized so to do by the State 
Board of Engineers, shall have full power and authority to contract with 
and permit any steam railroad corporation to construct, maintain, freely 
use and operate on the public levees, a railroad track or tracks; the 
supervision, control and general police power over such levees, however, 
to remain in and with the several levee boards. Provided, that nothing 
herein contained shall be construed as divesting either the General 
Assembly or the municipal government of any incorporated town or city 
in this State of the jurisidction, control, or police power now vested in 
them, or either of them; and provided further, that no right or privi- 
lege shall be granted to any one or more railroad companies which 
shall preclude like grants to other companies willing to contribute pro 
rata to the common expense, incurred or to be incurred. 

The several levee districts of the State, for the purpose of refunding 
the bonds heretofore issued by them under authority granted by the 
Legislature, and in order that they may negotiate to better advantage 
that portion of their authorized issue of bonds not yet disposed of, 
may issue bonds in lieu of said bonds outstanding or not yet disposed 
of. The Legislature shall pass an act to carry this provision into effect, 
but bonds issued under this provision shall not bear rate of interest 
greater than five per cent., or be disposed of at less than par, and it 



284 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

shall not be obligatory on the holders of the said outstanding bonds to 
give up the same in exchange before the maturity thereof. 

All the provisions of this article are held to apply to the levee district 
of which the City of New Orleans forms, or may hereafter form, a 
part; provided, that nothing herein shall be construed as affecting any 
existing legislation upon the subject of the taxing power of the com- 
missioners of said district, or as affecting the power of the Legisla- 
ture, under the Constitution of 1879, and the amendments thereto, with 
respect to such power. 

Art. 240. The provisions of the above two articles shall cease to 
have effect whenever the Federal government shall assume permanent 
control and provide the ways and means for the maintenance of levees 
in this State. The Federal government is authorized to make such 
geological, topographical, hydrographical and hydrometrical surveys and 
investigations within the State as may be necessary to carry into effect 
the Act of Congress to provide for the appointment of a Mississippi River 
Commission for the improvement of said river, from the head of 
Passes near its mouth to the headwaters, and to construct and protect 
such public works and improvements as may be ordered by Congress under 
the provisions of said act. 

1 Art. 241. The General Assembly shall have power, with the con- 
currence of an adjacent State or States, to create levee districts composed 
of territory partly in this State and partly in an adjacent State or States, 
and the Levee Commissioners for such district or districts shall possess 
all the powers provided by Article 239 of the Constitution. 

Art. 242. Corporations, companies or associations organized or 
domiciled out of the State, but doing business therein, may be licensed 
and taxed by a mode different from that provided for home corporations 
or companies; provided, said different mode of license shall be uniform, 
upon a graduated system, and said different mode of taxation shall be 
equal and uniform as to all such corporations, companies or associations 
that transact the same kind of business. 

Art. 243. All the articles and provisions of this Constitution regu- 
lating and relating to the collection of State taxes and tax sales shall also 
apply to and regulate the collection of parish, district, municipal, board 
and ward taxes. 

HOMESTEAD EXEMPTIONS. 

Art. 244. There shall be exempt from seizure and sale by any process 
whatever, except as herein provided, and without registration, the home- 
stead, bona fide, owned by the debtor and occupied by him, consisting of 
lands, not exceeding one hundred and sixty acres, buildings and appur- 
tenances, whether rural or urban, of every head of a family, or person 
having a mother or father, or a person or persons dependent on him or 
her for support ; also . two work horses, one wagon or cart, one yoke of 
oxen, two cows and calves, twenty-five head of hogs, or one thousand 
pounds of bacon or its equivalent in pork, whether the exempted objects 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 285 

be attached to a homestead or not, and on a farm the necessary quantity 
of corn and fodder for the current year, and the necessary farming imple- 
ments, to the value of two thousand dollars. 

Provided, that in case the homestead exceeds two thousand dollars} 
in value, the beneficiary shall be entitled to that amount in case a sale 
of the homestead under any legal process realizes more than that sum. 
i No husband shall have the benefit of a homestead whose wife owns 
and is in the actual enjoyment of property or means to the amount of 
two thousand dollars. 

The benefit of this exemption may be claimed by the surviving spouse, 
or minor child or children, of a deceased beneficiary. 

Art. 245. Eights to homesteads or exemptions, under laws or con- 
tracts, or obligations existing at the time of the adoption of this Consti- 
tution, shall not be impaired, repealed or affected by any provision of 
this Constitution, or any laws passed in pursuance thereof. 

This exemption shall not apply to the following debts, to- wit: 

1st. For the purchase price of property or any part thereof. 

Bd. For labor, money, and material furnished for building, repair- 
ing or improving homesteads. 

3d. For liabilities incurred by any public officer, or fiduciary, or 
any attorney at law, for money collected or received on deposit. 

4th. For taxes or assessments. 

5th. For rent which bears a privilege upon said property. No court 
or ministerial officer of this State shall ever have jurisdiction or authority 
to enforce any judgment, execution or decree against the property ex- 
empted as a homestead, except the debts above mentioned in numbers one, 
two, three, four and five, of this article; provided, the property herein 
declared exempt shall not exceed in value two thousand dollars. 

Art. 246. The right to sell any property that is exempt as home- 
stead shall be preserved ; but no sale shall destroy or impair any rights of 
creditors therein. Any person entitled to a homestead may waive the 
same by signing with his wife, if she be not separated a mensa et thoro, 
and having recorded in the office of the Recorder of Mortgages of his 
parish a written waiver of the same, in whole or in part. Such waiver 
may be either general or special, and shall have effect from the time of 
recording. 

Art. 247. The articles of this Constitution relating to homesteads 
and exemption shall take effect on January 1st, 1899. In the Parish of 
Orleans, the homestead to be valid shall be recorded as is now or may be 
provided by law. 

PUBLIC EDUCATION. 

Art. 248. There shall be free public schools for the white and colored 
races, separately established by the General Assembly, throughout the 
State, for the education of all the children of the State between the ages 
of six and eighteen years; provided, that where kindergarten schools exist, 
children between the ages of four and six may be admitted into said 



286 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

schools. All funds raised by the State for the support of public schools, 
except the poll tax, shall be distributed to each parish in proportion to the 
number of children therein between the ages of six and eighteen years. 
The General Assembly at its next session shall provide for the enumera- 
tion oi educable children. 

Art. 249. There shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State 
a Superintendent of Public Education, who shall hold this office for the 
term of four years and until his successor is qualified. His duties shall 
be prescribed by law, and he shall receive an annual salary of two thou- 
sand dollars. The aggregate annual expenses of his office, including his 
salary, shall not exceed the sum of four thousand dollars. 

Art. 250. The General Assembly shall provide for the creation of 
a State Board and Parish Boards of Public Education. The Parish Boards 
shall elect a Parish Superintendent of Public Education for their respec- 
tive parishes, whose qualifications shall be fixed by the Legislature, and 
who shall be ex-officio secretary of the Parish Board. The salary of the 
Parish Superintendent shall be provided for by the General Assembly, 
to be paid out of the public school funds accruing to the respective 
parishes. 

Art. 251. The general exercises in the public schools shall be con- 
ducted in the English language ; provided, that the French language may 
be taught in those parishes or localities where the French language pre- 
dominates, if no additional expense is incurred thereby. 

Art. 252. The funds derived from the collection of the poll tax 
shall be applied exclusively to the maintenance of the public schools as 
organized under this Constitution, and shall be applied exclusively to the 
support of the public schools in the parish in which the same shall be 
collected, and shall be accounted for and paid by the collecting officer 
directly to the treasurer of the local school board. 

Art. 253. No funds raised for the support of the public schools of 
the State shall be appropriated to or used for the support of any private 
or sectarian schools. 

Art. 254. The school funds of the State shall consist of: 1st. Not 
less than one and one-quarter mills of the six mills tax levied and collected 
by the State. 2d. The proceeds of taxation for school purposes as pro- 
vided by this Constitution. 3d. The interest on the proceeds of all 
public lands heretofore granted or to be granted by the United States 
for the support of the public schools, and the revenue derived from such 
lands as may still remain unsold. 4th. Of lands and other property 
heretofore or hereafter bequeathed, granted or donated to the State for 
school purposes. 5th. All funds and property, other than unimproved 
lands, bequeathed or granted to the State, not designated for any other 
purpose. 6th. The proceeds of vacant estates falling under the law to 
the State of Louisiana. 7th. The Legislature may appropriate to the 
same fund the proceeds of public lands not designated or set apart for 
any other purpose, and shall provide that every parish may levy a tax 
for the public schools therein, which » shall not exceed the entire State 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 287 

tax; provided, that with such a tax the whole amount of parish taxes shall 
not exceed the limits of parish taxation fixed by this Constitution. The 
City of New Orleans shall make such appropriation for the support, 
maintenance and repair of the public schools of said city as it may deem 
proper, but not less than eight-tenths of one mill for any one year; and 
said schools shall also continue to receive from the Board of Liquidation 
of the City Debt the amounts to which they are now entitled under the 
Constitutional Amendment adopted in the year 1892. 

Art. 255. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and 
Mechanical College, founded upon the land grants of the United States 
to endow a seminary of learning and a college for the benefit of agriculture 
and the mechanic arts, now established and located in the City of Baton 
Rouge, is hereby recognized; and all revenues derived and to be derived 
from the seminary fund, the Agricultural and Mechanical College fund, 
and other funds or lands donated or to be donated by the United States 
to the State of Louisiana for the use of a seminary of learning or of a 
college for the benefit of agriculture or the mechanic arts, shall be appro- 
priated exclusively to the maintenance and support of said Louisiana 
State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College; and the Gen- 
eral Assembly shall make such additional appropriations as may be neces- 
sary for its maintenance, support and improvement, and for the estab- 
lishment, in connection with said institution, of such additional scientific 
or literary departments as the public necessities and the well-being of the 
people of Louisiana may require; provided, that the appropriation shall 
not exceed fifteen thousand dollars per annum for its maintenance and 
support. 

The Tulane University of Louisiana, located in New Orleans, is 
hereby recognized as created and to be developed in accordance with the 
provisions of the legislative act, No. 43, approved July 5, 1884, and by 
approval of the electors, made part of the Constitution of the State. 

Art. 256. The Louisiana State Normal School, established and 
located at Natchitoches; the Industrial Institute and College of Louisi- 
ana, whose name is hereby changed to the Louisiana Industrial Institute, 
established and located at Ruston, and the Southern University, now 
established in the City of New Orleans, for the education of persons of 
color, are hereby recognized, and the General Assembly is directed to 
make such appropriations from time to time as may be necessary for the 
maintenance, support and improvement of these institutions; provided, 
that the appropriation for the maintenance and support of the Louisiana 
Industrial Institute shall not exceed fifteen thousand dollars per annum, 
and that for the Southern University shall not exceed ten thousand. 

Art. 257. The debt due by the State to the free school fund is 
hereby declared to be the sum of one million one hundred and thirty thou- 
sand eight hundred and sixty-seven dollars and fifty-one cents in principal, 
and shall be kept on the books of the Auditor and Treasurer to the credit 
of the several townships entitled to the same; the said principal being 
the proceeds of the sales of lands heretofore granted by the United Statea 



288 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

for the use and support of free public schools, which amount shall be 
held by the State as a loan, and shall be and remain a perpetual fund, 
on which the State shall pay an annual interest of four per cent., and 
that said interest shall be paid to the several townships in the State 
entitled to the same, in accordance with the Act of Congress, No. 68, 
approved February 15th, 1843. 

Art. 258. The debt due by the State to the seminary fund is hereby 
declared to be one hundred and thirty-six thousand dollars, being the 
proceeds of the sale of lands heretofore granted by the United States to 
this State for the use of a seminary of learning, and said amount shall 
be kept to the credit of said fund on the books of the Auditor and 
Treasurer of the State as a perpetual loan, and the State shall pay an 
annual interest of four per cent, on said amount. 

Art. 259. The debt due by the State to the Agricultural and Mechan- 
ical College fund is hereby declared to be the sum of one hundred and 
eighty-two thousand three hundred and thirteen dollars and three cents, 
being the proceeds of the sale of lands and land scrip heretofore granted 
by the United States to this State for the use of a college for the benefit 
of agricultural and mechanical arts; and said amount shall be kept to 
the credit of said fund on the books of the Auditor and Treasurer of the 
State as a perpetual loan, and the State shall pay an annual interest of 
five per cent, on said amount. 

Art. 260. The interest due on the free school fund, the seminary 
fund and the Agricultural and Mechanical College fund, shall be paid 
out of any tax that may be levied and collected for the payment of the 
interest on the State debt* 

Art. 261. All pupils in the primary grades in the public schools 
throughout the Parish of Orleans, unable to provide themselves with the 
requisite books, an affidavit to that effect having been made by one of the 
parents of such pupils, or if such parents be dead, then by the tutor 
or other person in charge of such pupils, shall be furnished with the 
necessary books, free of expense, to be paid for out of the school fund 
of said parish; and the School Board of the Parish of Orleans is hereby 
directed to appropriate annually not less than two thousand dollars for 
the purpose named, provided such amount be needed. 

CORPORATIONS AND CORPORATE RIGHTS. 

Art. 262. The General Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of 
the charter of any corporation now existing, nor renew, alter or amend 
the same, nor pass any general or special law for the benefit of such 
corporation, except upon the condition that such corporation shall there- 
after hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution. 

Art. 263. The exercise of the police power of the State shall never 
be abridged nor so construed as to permit corporations to conduct their 
business in such manner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals 
or the general well-being of the State. 



CONSTITUTION OF 189S. 289 

Art. 264. No domestic or foreign corporations shall do any businesi 
in this b r tate without having one or more known places of businea§ 
and an authorized agent or agents in the State upon whom process may 
be served. 

Art. 265. No corporation shall engage in any business other than 
that expressly authorized in its charter or incidental thereto, nor shall 
it take or hold any real estate for a longer period than ten years, except 
such as may be necessary and proper for its legitimate business or 
purposes. 

Art. 266. No corporation shall issue stock or bonds, except for 
labor done or money or property actually received, and all fictitious 
issues of stock shall be void, and any corporation issuing such fictitious 
stock shall forfeit its charter. 

Art. 267. The stock shall neither be increased nor decreased, except 
in pursuance of general laws, nor without consent of persons holding the 
larger amount in value of the stock, first obtained at a meeting of 
stockholders to be held after thirty days' notice given in pursuance of law. 

Art. 268. The term corporation, as used in this Constitution, shail 
be construed to include all joint stock companies or associations having 
any power or privilege not possessed by individuals or partnership. 

Art. 269. It shall be a crime, the punishment of which shall be 
prescribed by law, for any president, director, manager, cashier, or other 
officer or owner of any private or public bank or banking institution or 
other corporation accepting deposits or loans to assent to the reception 
of deposits, or the creation of debts by such banking institutions, after 
he shall have the knowledge of the fact that it is insolvent or in failing 
circumstances; any such officer, agent or manager shall be individually 
responsible for such deposits so received and all such debts so created 
with his assent. 

Art. 270. The General Assembly shall have power to enact general 
laws authorizing the parochial, ward and municipal authorities of the 
State, by a vote of the majority of the property tax payers in number 
entitled to vote under the provisions of this Constitution and in value, 
to levy special taxes in aid of public improvements or railway enter- 
prises; provided, that such tax shall not exceed the rate of five mills 
per annum, nor extend for a longer period than ten years; and provided 
further, that no tax payer shall be permitted to vote at such election 
unless he shall have been assessed in the parish, ward or municipality to 
be affected for property the year previous. 

Art. 271. Any railroad corporation or association organized for 
the purpose shall have the right to construct and operate a railroad 
between any points within this state, and connect at the State line with 
railroads of other States. Every railroad company shall have the right 
with its road to intersect, connect with or cross any other railroad, and 
shall receive and transport each other's passengers, tonnage and cars, 
loaded or empty, without delay or discrimination. 

Art. 272. Railways heretofore constructed, or that may hereafter 



290 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

be constructed in this State, are hereby declared public highways, and 
railroad companies common carriers. 

Art. 273. Every railroad or other corporation, organized or doing 
business in this State, under the laws or authority thereof, shall have 
and maintain a public office or place in this State for the transaction 
of its business, where transfers of stock shall be made, and where shall be 
kept for public inspection books in which shall be recorded the amount 
of capital stock subscribed, the names of owners of stock, the amounts 
owned by them respectively, the amount of stock paid, and by whom, 
the transfers of said stock, with the date of transfer, the amount of its 
assets and liabilities, and the names and places of residence of its officers. 

Art. 274. If any railroad company, organized under the laws of 
this State, shall consolidate, by sale or otherwise, with any railroad com- 
pany organized under the laws of any other State or of the United 
States, the same shall not thereby become a foreign corporation, but the 
courts of this State shall retain jurisdiction in all matters which may 
arise, as if said consolidation had not taken place. In no case shall any 
consolidation take place, except upon public notice of at least sixty days 
to all stockholders, in such, manner as may be provided by law. 

Art. 275. General laws shall be enacted providing for the creation 
of private corporations, and shall therein provide fully for the adequate 
protection of the public and of the individual stockholder. 

Art. 276. The police juries of the several parishes and the con- 
stituted authorities of all incorporated municipalities of the State shall 
alone have the power of regulating the slaughtering of cattle and other 
live stock within their respective limits; provided, no monopoly or ex- 
clusive privilege shall exist in this State, nor such business be restricted 
to the land or houses of any individual or corporation; provided, the 
ordinances designating the places for slaughtering shall obtain the 
concurrent approval of the Board of Health or other sanitary organization. 

PAROCHIAL AND MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS. 

Art. 277. The General Assembly may establish and organize new 
parishes, which shall be bodies corporate, with such powers as may be 
prescribed by law, but no new parish shall contain less than six hundred 
and twenty -five square miles, nor less than seven thousand inhabitants; 
nor shall any parish be reduced below that area, or number of inhabitants. 

Art. 278. All laws changing parish lines, or removing parish seats, 
shall, before taking effect, be submitted to the electors of the parish or 
parishes to be affected thereby, at a special election held for that pur- 
pose, and the lines, or the parish seat, shall remain unchanged unless 
two-thirds of the qualified electors of the parish or parishes affected 
thereby vote in favor thereof at such election. 

Art. 279. Any parish may be dissolved and merged by the General 
Assembly into a contiguous parish or parishes, two-thirds of the quali- 
fied electors of the parish proposed to be dissolved voting in favor 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 291 

thereof at an election held for that purpose ; provided, that the parish or 
parishes into which the dissolved parish proposes to become incorporated 
consents thereto by a majority of its qualified electors voting therefor. 

Art. 280. Whenever a parish shall be enlarged or created from 
territory contiguous thereto, it shall be entitled to a just proportion of 
the property and assets, and be liable for a just proportion of the existing 
debts or liabilities of the parish or parishes from which such territory 
shall have been taken. 

Art. 281. Municipal corporations, parishes, and drainage districts, 
the City of New Orleans excepted, when authorized to do so, by a vote 
of a majority in number and amount of the property taxpayers, qualified 
as electors under the Constitution and laws of this State, voting at an 
election held for that purpose, after due notice of said election has 
been published for thirty days in the official journal of the municipality 
or parish, and where there is no official journal, in a newspaper published 
therein, may incur debt, and issue negotiable bonds therefor, to the 
extent of one-tenth of the assessed valuation of the property within 
said municipal corporation, parish, or drainage district as shown by the 
last assessment made prior to the submission of the proposition to the 
property taxpayers, as above provided, and may be authorized by the 
property tax payers voting at said election, to levy and assess special 
taxes upon the property subject to taxation in the parish, drainage 
district or corporation; provided, said taxes so imposed do not exceed 
five mills on the dollar of the assessed valuation in any one year, nor 
run for a greater number of years than the number named in the 
proposition submitted to the tax payers. No bonds shall be issued for 
any other purpose than stated in the submission of the proposition to 
the tax payers, and published for thirty days, as aforesaid, nor for a 
greater amount than therein mentioned; nor shall such bonds be issued 
for any other purpose than for paving and improving streets, roads 
and alleys, purchasing or constructing a system of water-works, sew- 
erage, drainage, lights, public parks and buildings, bridges and othe r 
works of public improvement, the title to which shall vest in the muni- 
cipal corporation, parish or drainage district, as the case may be; nor 
shall such bonds run for a longer period than forty years from their 
date or bear a greater rate of interest than five per cent, per annum, or be 
sold by the municipal corporation, parish or drainage district issuing 
same for less than par. 

The municipal corporation, parish or 'drainage district issuing such 
bonds shall provide for the payment of the interest annually, or semi- 
annually, and the principal thereof at maturity; provided, that the total 
issue of bonds by any municipality, parish or drainage district, for all 
purposes shall never exceed ten per cent, of the assessed value of the 
property in such municipality, parish or drainage district. Provided, 
that drainage districts availing themselves of the provisions of this 
ordinance shall be limited to the rate of taxation herein fixed; and such 
districts shall be prohibited from levying contributions under the pro- 



292 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

visions of existing laws, and provided, further, that nothing herein con- 
tained shall prevent drainage districts from being established under the 
provisions of existing laws. 

Art. 282. One-hali of the net amount of all parish taxes and 
licenses, levied and collected within the corporate limits of the City of 
Baton Rouge, shall be paid over for the use of said city, by the officer 
collecting the same, to the officer charged with the custody of the funds 
of said city. 

RAILROAD, EXPRESS, TELEPHONE, TELEGRAPH, STEAM- 
BOAT AND SLEEPING CAR COMPANY COMMISSION. 

Art. 283. A Railroad, Express, Telephone, Telegraph, Steamboat 
and other Water Craft, and Sleeping Car Commission, is hereby created'; 
to be composed of three members, to be elected from the districts herein- 
after named, at the time fixed for the Congressional election of 1898. 
Of the three commissioners elected in the year 1898, one shall serve two 
years, one shall serve four years, and one shall serve six years, the period 
each is to serve to be determined by lot; thereafter the commissioners 
from each district shall be elected for a term of six years. They shall be 
known as the Railroad Commission of Louisiana. The Commission shall 
meet and open an office and have its domicile at Baton Rouge, and shall 
elect one of their number chairman, and may appoint a secretary at a 
salary of fifteen hundred dollars per annum, and may meet and hold 
regular or special hearings at such other places as they may find 
necessary. No member of this Convention shall be eligible to election or 
appointment as a member of said Commission, prior to the year 1908. 

Art. 284. The power and authority is hereby vested in the Com- 
mission, and it is hereby made its duty, to adopt, change or make reason- 
able and just rates, charges and regulations, to govern and regulate rail- 
road, steamboat and other water craft, and sleeping car, freight and 
passenger tariffs and service, express rates, and telephone and telegraph 
charges, to correct abuses, and prevent unjust discrimination and extor- 
tion in the rates for the same, on the different railroads, seamboat and 
other water craft, sleeping car, express, telephone and telegraph lines of 
this State, and to prevent such companies from charging any greater 
compensation in the aggregate for the like kind of property or passen- 
gers, or messages, for a shorter than a longer distance over the same line, 
unless authorized by the Commission to do so in special cases; to require 
all railroads to build and maintain suitable depots, switches and appur- 
tenances, wherever the same are reasonably necessary at stations, and to 
inspect railroads and to require them to keep their tracks and bridges in 
a safe condition, and to fix and adjust rates between branch or short 
lines and the great trunk lines with which they connect, and to enforce 
the same by having the penalties hereby prescribed inflicted through the 
proper courts having jurisdiction. 

The Commission shall have pqwer to adopt and enforce such reason- 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 293 

able rules, regulations, and modes of procedure, as it may deem proper 
for the discharge of its duties, and to hear and determine complaints that 
may be made against the classification or rates it may establish, and to 
regulate the mode and manner of all investigations and hearings of rail- 
road companies and other parties before it, in the establishment of rates, 
orders, charges, and other acts, required or authorized by these provis- 
ions. They shall have power to summon and compel the attendance of 
witnesses, to swear witnesses, and to compel the production of books and 
papers, to take testimony under commission, and to punish for contempt, 
as fully as is provided by law for the district courts. 

Art. 285. If any railioad, express, telephone, telegraph, steamboat 
and other water craft, or sleeping car company, or other party in interest, 
be dissatisfied with the decision or fixing of any rate, classification, rules, 
charge, order, act or regulation, adopted by the Commission, such party 
may file a petition setting forth the cause of objection to such decision, 
act, rule, rate, charge, classification or order, or to either or to all of 
them, in a court of competent jurisdiction, at the domicile of the Com- 
mission, against said Commission as defendant, and either party to said 
action may appeal the case to the Supreme Court of the State, without 
regard to the amount involved, and all such cases, both in the trial and 
appellate courts, shall be tried summarily, and preference over all other 
cases. Such cases may be tried in the court of the first instance either in 
chambers, or at term time; provided, all such appeals shall be returned 
to the Supreme Court within ten days after the decision of the lower 
court; and where the Commission appeals, no bond shall be required. 
No bond shall be required of said Commission in any case, nor shall 
advance costs, or security for costs, be required of the Commission. 

Art. 286. If any railroad, express, telephone, telegraph, steamboat, 
or other water craft, or sleeping car company, subject hereto, directly or 
indirectly, or by any special rate, rebate, or other advice, shall inten- 
tionally charge, demand, collect or receive from any person, firm or cor- 
poration, a greater or less compensation for any service rendered by it, 
than it charges, demands or receives from any other person, firm or 
corporation, for doing a like and contemporaneous service, or shall violate 
any of the rates, charges, orders or decisions of said Commission, such 
railroad, steamboat or other water craft, express, telegraph, telephone or 
other company, shall forfeit and pay to the State not less than one 
hundred dollars, nor more than five thousand dollars, to be recovered 
before any court of competent jurisdiction, at the suit of said Commis- 
sion, at the domicile of the Commission or of the company, or at the 
place where the complaint arises, at the option of the Commission. 
Provided, that whenever any rate, order, charge, rule or regulation of the 
Commission is contested in court, as provided for in Article 285 of this 
Constitution, no fine or penalty for disobedience thereto, or disregard 
thereof, shall be incurred until after said contestation shall have been 
finally decided by the courts, and then only for acts subsequently com- 
mitted. 



294 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

The power of the Commission shall affect only the transportation 
of passengers, freight, express matter, and telegraph and telephone mes- 
sages, between points within this State, and the use of such instruments 
within this State. 

Art. 287. Until otherwise provided by law, the members of the 
Commission shall each receive a salary of three thousand dollars per 
annum, payable monthly on his own warrant, and their actual traveling 
expenses, and those of their secretary; which expenses, and the salary of 
the latter, shall be paid on the warrant of the Chairman of the Com- 
mission on a sworn statement of their correctness. 

Nothing herein shall prevent the railroad, express, telegraph, tele- 
phone and steamboat or other water craft, or other companies, from 
serving free of cost, or at reduced rates, the State or any city, parish, or 
town government, or any charitable purpose, or any fair or exposition, or 
any destitute or indigent person, or the issuance of mileage or excursion 
tickets; nor to prevent railroads, steamboats or other water craft, from 
giving free transportation to ministers of religion, or inmates of hospitals, 
or to railroad officers, agents, employes, attorneys, stockholders or 
directors, unless otherwise provided by this Constitution. 

Art. 288. Upon the recommendation of the Commission the Legis- 
lature may add to or enlarge the powers and duties of said Commission, 
or confer other powers and duties on them. They may also provide 
additional clerical, or other assistance, that may be deemed necessary for 
the discharge of the duties of said Commission, and may add other penal- 
ties to make the work of said Commission effective. 

It shall be the duty of the Attorney General, and the various district 
attorneys, to aid said commission in all legal matters, for which they 
shall receive not exceeding 25 per cent, of all fines and forfeitures col- 
lected by them ; provided, the Commission may employ other attorneys in 
lieu of these officers on like terms. 

No person in the service of, or attorney for, any railway, express, 
telephone, telegraph, steamboat or other water craft, sleeping car com- 
pany or corporation, or pecuniarily interested in such company or cor- 
poration, shall hold the office of Commissioner. 

The fines collected, after paying the attorney's fees and the costs in 
suits, in which the Commission may be cast for costs, shall be paid into 
the State Treasury. 

Art. 289. The State is hereby divided into three Railway Commis- 
sion Districts, and one Commissioner shall be elected from each of said 
districts by a plurality of the voters of the respective districts. The 
First District shall comprise the parishes of Orleans, Plaquemines, St. 
Bernard, Jefferson, St. Charles, St. John the Baptist and St. James. The 
Second District shall comprise the parishes of Iberville, Ascension, 
Assumption, Lafourche, Terrebonne, St. Mary, Iberia, St. Martin, Lafay- 
ette, Vermilion, Cameron, Calcasieu, Avoyelles, St. Landry, Pointe, 
Coupe, West Feliciana, East Feliciana, West Baton Rouge, East Baton 
Rouge, St. Helena, Livingston, Tangipahoa, Washington, St. Tammany 



CONSTITUTION OP 1898. 295 

and Acadia. The Third District shall comprise the parishes of Kapides, 
Vernon, Sabine, Grant, Natchitoches, Winn, Red River, DeSoto, Caddo, 
Bossier, Webster, Bienville, Concordia, Caldwell, Franklin, Tensas, 
Madison, Richland, Ouachita, Jackson, Lincoln, Union, Morehouse, East 
Carroll, West Carroll, Claiborne and Catahoula. 

RIPARIAN RIGHTS. 

Art. 290. Riparian owners of property on navigable rivers, lakes, 
and streams, within any city or town in this State having a population in 
excess of five thousand shall have the right to erect and maintain on the 
batture or banks owned by them, such wharves, buildings and improve- 
ments as may be required for the purposes of commerce and navigation, 
subject to the following conditions, and not otherwise, to-wit: Such 
owners shall first obtain the consent of the Council, or other governing 
authority, and of the Board of Levee Commissioners, within whose muni- 
cipal or levee district jurisdiction such wharves, buildings, and improve- 
ments are to be erected, and such consent having been obtained, shall 
erect the same in conformity to plans and specifications which shall have 
been first submitted to, and approved by, the engineer of such Council, 
or other governing authority; and when so erected, such wharves, build- 
ings, and improvements shall be, and remain, subject to the administra- 
tion and control of such Council, or other governing authority, with 
respect to their maintenance and to the fees and charges to be exacted for 
their use by the public, whenever any fee or charge is authorized to be and 
is made; and shall be and remain subject to the control of such Board of 
Levee Commissioners, in so far as may be necessary for the maintenance 
and administration of the levees in its jurisdiction. The Council, or 
other governing authority, shall have the right to expropriate such 
wharves, buildings, and improvements, whenever necessary for public 
purposes, upon reimbursing the owner the cost of construction, less 
such depreciation as may have resulted from time and decay; such reim- 
bursement, however, in no case to exceed the actual market value of the 
property. Provided, that nothing in this article shall be construed as 
affecting the right of the State, or of any political subdivision thereof, 
or of the several Boards of Levee Commissioners to appropriate without 
compensation such wharves, buildings, and improvements, when neces- 
sary for levee purposes. 

The grants made by the City of New Orleans under the terms of 
Ordinance 11,765, Council Series, adopted January 14, 1896, author- 
izing the construction, use, and maintenance of wharves, structures, and 
improvements upon certain riparian property in the Sixth Municipal 
District, and other grants of the same nature made by the City of New 
Orleans to riparian owners with reference to their property, are recog- 
nized as necessary aids to the commerce of this State, and are hereby 
ratified, and declared to be lawful, but shall in no event be construed as 
conferring greater privileges or rights than might be conferred under 



296 CONSTITUTION OP 1898. 

this article, or as releasing the riparian owners from the obligations 
herein imposed or which may have been imposed upon or assumed by such 
riparian owner by contract, municipal ordinance or otherwise. 

PUBLIC ROADS. 

Art. 291. The Police Juries of this State may form their respective 
parishes into road districts; and in order to raise funds for the purposes 
of constructing, maintaining and repairing, the public roads and bridges 
of their parishes, they are authorized to set aside at least one mill per 
annum of the taxes levied by them, and to impose a per capita tax of not 
more than one dollar per annum upon each able-bodied male inhabitant 
of the parish between the ages of eighteen and fifty-five years, and to 
levy an annual license of not less than twenty-five cents, nor more than 
one dollar per annum upon each vehicle, including bicycles kept and 
used for locomotion over public roads, in their respective parishes; which 
license may be graduated. The provisions of this article relative to the 
per capita tax shall not be operative in incorporated towns and cities that 
maintain their own streets. 

To carry into effect the provisions of this article the Police Juries 
may enact such ordinances of a civil nature as may be necessary to 
enforce the property and license tax, and of a criminal nature to enforce 
the per capita tax. Other taxes may be levied by the Police Juries for 
road and bridge purposes, not to exceed five mills for five years on the 
property of the parish, or any ward thereof, where the rate of taxation 
and the purpose thereof shall have been submitted to the property, tax- 
payers of said ward or parish entitled to vote under the election laws of 
the State, and a majority in numbers and value of those voting at said 
election shall have voted in favor thereof. 

Art. 292. When any parish shall avail itself of the provisions of 
this article, the judge, in passing sentence on persons convicted of any 
offense, when the punishment imposed by law is imprisonment in the 
parish jail in the first instance, or in default of payment of fine, may 
sentence such persons to work on the public roads and bridges and any 
other public works of the parish; and when the punishment prescribed by 
law is imprisonment in the penitentiary, he may sentence the persons so 
convicted to work on the public roads and bridges and other public 
works of the parish where the crime was committed, if the sentence 
actually imposed does not exceed six months. All fines and penalties 
imposed on persons for infringement of the any ordinance relative to 
roads and bridges, shall go, when collected, into the road and bridge fund 
of the parish. 

Art. 293. The Police Jury shall relieve from compulsory road duty 
all persons who have paid the road and bridge tax and license levied 
against them. 

Art. 294. The State Board of Engineers, whenever called on so to 
do, shall furnish the different road* districts with plans and specifications 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 297 

for public roads, and such assistance and advice as will tend to create a 
uniform system of public roads throughout the State. 

BOARD OF CHARITIES AND CORRECTIONS. 

Art. 295. The Legislature shall provide for a State Board of 
Charities and Corrections, which shall consist of six members, and of 
which the Governor shall be chairman ex-officio. Upon the organization 
of said Board, the Governor shall appoint one member for six years, one 
for five years, one for four years, one for three years, one for two years, 
and thereafter shall make appointments for six years, except in case of 
vacancy in office, when the appointment shall be made for the unexpired 
term. The members of the Board shall serve without compensation, but 
they shall be authorized to elect a secretary, who shall receive such salary 
as may be fixed by the Legislature. The State shall provide an office for 
said Board, and shall make provision from time to time for the payment 
of its expenses. 

The duties of the Board shall be strictly visitorial, without admin- 
istrative or executive powers. It shall visit and inspect all State, parish 
or municipal institutions which are of a charitable, eleemosynary, correc- 
tional, or reformatory character, and all private institutions of like char- 
acter utilized or aided by parochial or municipal authority, and all 
private insane asylums, whether so utilized or aided or not. 

The Board shall report annually to the Governor, and to the Legis- 
lature at each session thereof, the actual condition of all of the above 
institutions. They shall make such suggestions to the Governor and 
Legislature as may be necessary and pertinent ; provided, said suggestions 
are concurred in by a majority of the members of the Boards in control 
of each of said institutions. The officers in charge of said institutions 
shall furnish the Board such information and statistics as it may require. 

BOARDS OF HEALTH AND STATE MEDICINE. 

Art. 296. The General Assembly shall create for the State, and for 
each parish and municipality therein, Boards of Health, and shall define 
their duties, and prescribe the powers thereof. The State Board of 
Health shall be composed of representative physicians from the various 
sections of the State. Until otherwise provided by law, both the President 
and Secretary of the State Board of Health shall be ex-officio members of 
the Board of Health for the City of New Orleans, the President of the 
State Board to be President of the local Board of the City of New 
Orleans. 

Art. 297. The General Assembly shall provide for the interest of 
State Medicine in all its departments; for the protection of the people 
from unqualified practitioners of medicine, and dentistry; protecting 
confidential communications made to medical men by their patients while 
under professional treatment and for the purpose of such treatment; for 



298 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

protecting the people against the sale of injurious or adulterated drugs, 
foods and drinks, and against any and all adulterations of the general 
necessaries of life of whatever kinds and character. 

MILITIA. 

Art. 298. The General Assembly shall have authority to provide by 
law how the militia of this State shall be organized, officered, trained, 
armed and equipped, and of whom it shall consist. 

Art. 299. The officers and men of the militia and volunteer forces 
shall receive no pay, rations or emoluments, when not in active service by 
authority of the State. 

Art. 300. The General Assembly may exempt from military service 
those who belong to religious societies whose tenents forbid them to bear 
arms; provided, a money equivalent for these services shall be exacted. 

Art. 301. The Governor shall have power to call the militia into 
active service for the preservation of law and order, or when the public 
service may require it; provided, that the police force of any city, town 
or parish, shall not be organized or used as a part of the State militia. 

PENSIONS.. 

Art. 302. The Soldiers' Home of the State of Louisiana, known as 
Camp Nicholls, shall be maintained by the State, and the General 
Assembly shall make an appropriation for each year based upon the 
number of inmates in said home on the first day of April of the year in 
which said appropriation is made, of one hundred and thirty dollars per 
capita, for the maintenance and clothing of such inmates from which 
one dollar per month shall be allowed to each inmate for his personal use, 
and shall make such further appropriations for building, repairs, and 
incidentals, as may be absolutely necessary. 

Art. 303. A pension not to exceed eight dollars per month shall be 
allowed to each Confederate soldier or sailor veteran, who possess all of 
the following qualifications: 

1st. He shall have served honorably from the date of his enlistment 
until the close of the late Civil War, or until he was discharged or 
paroled, in some military organization regularly mustered into the army 
or navy of the Confederate States, and shall have remained true to the 
Confederate States until surrender. 

2nd. He shall be in indigent circumstances, and unable to earn a 
livelihood by his own labor or skill. 

3rd. He shall not be salaried or otherwise provided for by the State 
of Louisiana, or by any other State or Government. 

In case he enlisted in any organization mustered into said service as 
a Louisiana organization, or in case at the date of his enlistment he 
resided in the State of Louisiana, he shall have resided in the State for 
at least five years prior to his amplication for a pension. In case he 
resided elsewhere than in this State, and enlisted in an organization not 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 299 

mustered in from Louisiana, or in the navy of the Confederate States, he 
shall have resided in this State for at least fifteen years prior to his 
application for such pension. A like pension shall be granted to the 
widow who shall not have married again, in indigent circumstances, of 
any soldier or sailor who, having entered the service of the Confederate 
States during the late Civil War, lost his life prior to June 1st, 1865, 
from wounds received, or disease contracted in such service; provided, 
that if her deceased husband served in an organization mustered in from 
Louisiana, or if he resided in Louisiana at the date of his enlistment, and 
has so resided for one year prior thereto, then in order that such widow 
shall be entitled to the pension as herein provided, she shall have resided 
in this State for at least five years prior to her application therefor; and 
if her deceased husband enlisted elsewhere than in Louisiana, and served 
in an organization not mustered in from Louisiana, such widow shall, in 
order to entitle her to pension as herein provided, have resided in this 
State for not less than fifteen years prior to her application for such 
pension; provided, further, that pensions, whether to veterans or to 
widows, shall be allowed only from the date of application under this 
article, and the total appropriation for all pensions shall not exceed fifty 
thousand dollars in any one year. 

Art. 304. The General Assembly shall appropriate not less than 
twelve hundred dollars per annum for the maintenance in New Orleans 
of a Memorial Hall or repository for the collection and preservation of 
relics and mementoes of the late Civil War, and of other objects of 
interest, and shall be authorized to make suitable appropriations for the 
erection of monuments and markers on the battlefields of the country, 
commemmorative of the services, upon such fields, of Louisiana soldiers 
and commands. 

AGRICULTURE AND IMMIGRATION. 

Art. 305. The existing Bureau of Agriculture and Immigration 
shall hereafter be known as the Louisiana State Board of Agriculture and 
Immigration, and shall be recognized as an integral of the State govern- 
ment. 

Art. 306. The Louisiana State Board of Agriculture and Immigra- 
tion shall have the control and direction of all State agricultural organi- 
zations and State Farmers' Institutes, and shall adopt the needful 
measures for the securement of proper immigration. 

It shall also encourage State, district and parish fairs and local 
agricultural organizations, and shall maintain effective control of the 
manufacture or sale, in this State, of fertilizers and Paris green for the 
suppression of adulteration and fraud therein. It shall perform such 
other duties and shall have such other powers as shall be prescribed by the 
General Assembly. 

Art. 307. The said Board of Agriculture and Immigration shall 
consist of one member from each Congressional district, appointed by the 
Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from men 



300 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

engaged in the leading agricultural interests of the State; the said 
members to hold their offices for six years, or until their successors are 
appointed. In the first appointment, which shall be made within sixty 
days after the adjournment of this convention, the members from the 
first and fourth districts shall be appointed for two years; those from the 
second and fifth districts for four years; and those from the third and 
sixth districts for six years. The Governor of the State, the Commis- 
sioner of Agriculture and Immigration, the President of the State 
University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, the Vice-President 
of the Board of Supervisors of the State University and Agricultural and 
Mechanical College, and the Director of the State experimental stations 
are and shall be ex-officio members of this Board. The members of sail 
Board shall serve without compensation, except actual expenses incurred 
in attending the meetings. 

Art. 308. The paramount importance of our agricultural interest?, 
and the necessity of peopling with a desirable population the vast 
unoccupied areas of our fertile lands, require an enlargement of the 
duties and an expansion of the scope of the work of this Board, for 
which the General Assembly shall enact such laws as may be necessary to 
carry out the provisions of this article. 

CITY OF NEW ORLEANS. 

Art. 309. There shall be seven Assessors in the City of New 
Orleans, who together shall compose the Board of Assessors for the 
parish of Orleans. One shall be appointed from each municipal district 
of the City of New Orleans, and they shall be residents of the districts 
from which they are appointed. 

There shall be seven State Tax Collectors for the City of New 
Orleans. One shall be appointed from each municipal district. They 
shall be residents of the districts from which they are appointed, and 
they shall maintain offices in their respective districts. The said 
Assessors and State Tax Collectors shall be appointed by the Governor, 
by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for the term of four 
years. 

The first appointments under this Constitution of said officers shall 
be after the general election in 1900. 

Art. 310. There shall be one coroner for the parish of Orleans, who 
shall be elected for four years by the qualified electors of said parish, and 
whose duties shall be fixed by law. He shall be ex-officio city physician 
of the City of New Orleans, and shall receive an annual salary of forty- 
eight hundred dollars. He shall be a practicing physician of said city 
and a graduate of the medical department of some university of recog- 
nized standing. He shall appoint two assistants, having the same quali- 
fications as himself; one at an annual salary of twenty-six hundred 
dollars, and one at an annual salary of six hundred dollars. 

Art. 311. The assistant, whose salary is hereby fixed at six hundred 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 301 

dollars shall be a resident of the Fifth district of the parish or City of 
New Orleans and shall have his office in said district. 

The assistant, whose salary is fixed at twenty-six hundred dollars, 
shall be a resident of that portion of the City of New Orleans lying on 
the left bank of the Mississippi river. 

The provision shall take effect from and after the next general 
election. The salaries of the coroner and his assistants shall be paid by 
the City of New Orleans. 

Art. 312. Any person whose property has been appropriated within 
twelve months prior to the adoption of this Constitution, or whose prop- 
erty may hereafter be appropriated by the Orleans Levee Board for levee 
purposes, shall have a right of action against said Board in any court of 
competent jurisdiction for the value of said property, and whatever judg- 
ment may be finally rendered against the Board shall be paid out of the 
taxes collected by it in the same manner as other disbursements are made ; 
provided, that this shall not apply to batture property, nor to vacant 
property, where only a part thereof has been taken for levee purposes, 
and where the effect of the levee building would be to protect the remain- 
ing part of the same property; nor to any property on any part of the 
river front, the administration and control of which is vested, for the 
purposes of commerce, either in the State or city authorities, and on 
which improvements have been erected under grants from the City of 
New Orleans, or other authority, nor to the said improvements; provided, 
that said Board shall have power to appropriate property subject to such 
servitude, for levee building, as under existing laws, without making such 
compensation in advance. 

Art. 313. All surplus revenues of the City of New Orleans from 
the year 18^9 to the year 1895, both inclusive, except the surplus revenue 
dedicated to permanent public improvement, and to schools, by Act No. 
110 of 1890, derived from the one per cent, tax levied under said act, 
shall be turned over by the city to the Board of Liquidation of the City 
Debt. Said Board shall redeem all claims evidenced by financial ordin- 
ance or judgment against the City of New Orleans, for debts arising and 
incurred between the years 1879 to 1895, both inclusive, payment of 
which has not heretofore been provided for out of the reserve and perma- 
nent public improvement funds of the city for the years 1893 to 1898, 
both inclusive, excepting therefrom the claims of school teachers for the 
years 1880 to 1884, payment of which has been authorized by Act No. 110 
of 1890, and is now being provided for by the city, said claims or judg- 
ments to be purchased on the most reasonable terms offered by creditors 
within the period of eighteen months succeeding the date of the adoption 
of this Constitution, the said Board to invite proposals by public adver- 
tisements, to be made bi-monthly; provided, any and all bids may be 
rejected. For the purpose of such redemption the City of New Orleans, 
through the Board of Liquidation, is hereby authorized to issue bonds to 
the extent of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, bearing four per 
cent, per annum interest, payable semi-annually in such denominations 



302 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

as may be by said Board determined upon, maturing in fifty years from 
the date of issue, but subject to redemption by said Board in the reverse 
order of their issue at any time after sixty days' notice. 

Said Board is hereby authorized in its discretion to exchange said 
bonds for said claims against the city, evidenced by financial ordinances 
or judgments, or to sell said bonds and with the proceeds thereof pur- 
chase said claims; provided, that no sale of said bonds shall be made 
for less than par. 

Said Board of Liquidation shall, at any time it may be necessary, 
sell a sufficient number of the Constitutional Bonds of the City of New 
Orleans, now unsold, of the issue provided for by Act No. 110 of the 
General Assembly for the year 1890, and by the amendment to the Con- 
stitution of the State submitted to the people by said act and adopted 
at the general election in 1892, to provide for the payment of interest 
or principal of the bonds hereby authorized to be issued. Whenever the 
said Board of Liquidation shall have received from the surplus revenues 
of the City of New Orleans, as provided herein, sufficient funds to meet 
the issue of bonds hereby authorized in principal and interest, the 
remainder of the surplus revenues so turned over to the said Board shall 
revert to the city. 

Art. 314. The provisions of the amendment embodied in joint reso- 
lution of the General Assembly No. 110, approved July 8th, 1890, and 
thereafter ratified by the people and made part of the Constitution, are 
recognized as of full force and effect; the authority conferred upon the 
City of New Orleans and upon the Board of Liquidation of the City 
Debt, with respect to the issuance of constitutional bonds of the City 
of New Orleans, and to the levy and collection of a special ad valorem 
tax of one per cent, upon all the taxable property, real, personal and 
mixed, in said city, for the payment of said bonds, in principal and 
interest, and with respect to the manner of such payment, is confirmed, 
as are also all rights vested by said amendment in the present and 
future holders of said bonds, whether issued or to be issued; and no 
limitations imposed by other provisions of this Constitution upon the 
authority of the City of New Orleans shall be held to include, apply to 
or affect the taxing power herein contemplated and confirmed. 

Art. 315. The City of New Orleans is hereby authorized and 
required to examine into and assume payment of the obligations of the 
Board of Directors of the Public Schools of the Parish of Orleans for 
unpaid salaries of school teachers and portresses and of other legitimate 
claims against said School Board, for the years 1882, 1883 and 1884, 
and for unpaid salaries of school teachers and portresses for the years 
1885, 1886 and 1887, now in the hands of the original owners, who have 
in nowise parted with their rights of ownership, or pledged the same, 
as may be found by said city to be equitably due by said Board. All 
claims to be examined into and assumed by the City of New Orleans 
under this Article shall be presented to and filed with the City Council 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 303 

of said city within ninety days after the adoption of this Constitution, 
and not thereafter. 

Art. 316. The City Council shall issue certificates of indebtedness 
to the owners of said claims, when examined and found to be equitably 
due, and all such certificates shall be paid by the Board of Liquidation. 
If any of the claims aforesaid be rejected by the said City Council, 
the decision thereon may be reviewed by any court of competent juris- 
diction, and the judgment of the court thereon shall, if in favor of the 
claimant, be likewise paid by the Board of Liquidation. 

Art. 317. The funds requisite to pay said claims shall be provided 
by said Board of Liquidation by the sale of a sufficient number of the 
constitutional bonds of the City of New Orleans of the issue provided 
for by Act No. 110 of the General Assembly for the year 1890, and by the 
amendment to the Constitution of the State submitted to the people by 
said act and adopted at the general election in 1892. 

Art. 318. The General Assembly of the State of Louisiana is hereby 
authorized to amend Act No. 110 of 1890, confirmed by Constitutional 
amendment of 1892, providing for the refunding of the city debt so 
far only as to provide that in the further issue of bonds under said 
act within the limit of ten million dollars, provided for in said act, the 
City of New Orleans, through the Board of Liquidation, shall have 
authority to issue registered bonds and to authorize the exchange of 
registered bonds for equal amounts of outstanding four per cent, coupon 
bonds of the City of New Orleans issued under authority of said act, 
having the same time to run and at the same rate of interest, and provide 
for their registration and payment of interest. All registered bonds 
issued by the City of New Orleans under the amended act as herein 
provided shall have the same guarantees, and the holders of said bonds 
shall have the same privileges as are now secured by said act to the 
holders of coupon bonds. Said registered bonds shall be denominated 
Registered Constitutional Bonds of the City of New Orleans, Authorized 
by Act No. 110 of 1890, and Amendment thereto. 

Art. 319. The electors of the City of New Orleans, and of any 
political corporation which may be established within the territory now 
or which may hereafter be embraced within the corporate limits of said 
city, shall have the right to choose the public officers, who shall be charged 
with the exercise of the police power and with the administration of the 
affairs of said corporation in whole or in part. 

Art. 320. This article shall not apply to the Board of Liquidation 
of the City Debt, nor shall it be construed as prohibiting the establish- 
ment of boards of commissioners, the members of which are elected by 
the Council or appointed by the Mayor with the consent of the Council. 
As to all other existing boards or commissions affected by it, said article 
shall take effect from and after the first municipal election which shall 
be held in the City of New Orleans after the adoption of this Constitu- 
tion ; provided that nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to 
prevent the Legislature from creating boards of commissioners, whose 



304 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

powers shall extend in and beyond the Parish of Orleans, or as affecting 
present boards of that character, or the Board of Directors of the Public 
Schools ; provided that hereafter, in creating any board with such powers, 
or in filling vacancies therein, at least two-thirds of the members thereof 
shall be from the City of New Orleans, and elected by the people or 
Council thereof, or appointed by the Mayor as hereinabove provided. 

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 

Art. 321. Propositions for the amendment of this Constitution may 
be made by the General Assembly at any session thereof, and if two- 
thirds of all the members elected to each house shall concur therein, after 
such proposed amendments have been read in such respective houses on 
three separate days, such proposed amendment or amendments, together 
with the yeas and nays thereon, shall be entered on the journal, and the 
Secretary of State shall cause the same to be published in two news- 
papers published in the Parish of Orleans and in one paper in each other 
parish of the State in which a newspaper is published, for two months pre- 
ceding an election for Representatives in the Legislature or in Congress, 
to be designated by the Legislature, at which time the said amendment 
or amendments shall be submitted to the electors for their approval or 
rejection; and, if a majority voting on said amendment or amendments 
shall approve and ratify the same, then such amendment or amendments 
so approved and ratified shall become a part of the Constitution. When 
more than one amendment shall be submitted at the same time, they shall 
be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment sep- 
arately. The result of said election shall be made known by the proclam- 
ation of the Governor. 

CODE OF CRIMINAL LAW, PROCEDURE AND CORRECTION. 

Art. 322. It shall be the duty of the Governor to appoint a com- 
mission to prepare drafts of a code of criminal law, of a code of criminal 
procedure and of a code of criminal correction for this State. The drafts 
of such codes, when prepared, shall be promptly printed, and copies thereof 
shall be sent to each judge of this State, and to such other persons 
in or out of this State as the Governor may think proper, with 
the request from him for suggestions and criticism. The Governor 
shall submit to the General Assembly of this State, first convened, after 
the lapse of one year from the distribution of the printed copies of said 
drafts as above, the said drafts, together with the report of the Commis- 
sion, and with a message from himself in which he shall embody and 
condense each suggestion he shall deem of use. And the General Assembly 
shall have power to adopt said codes, with such amendments as they 
may deem advisable, by vote in each House, without complying with the 
formalities of readings and the o$ier formalities required by the Consti- 
tution in the passage of statutes. No promulgation of said code shall be 



CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 305 

required beyond its publication in book form after same shall have 
become a law. 

Art. 323. All amendments proposed in the General Assembly shall 
be proposed within the first thirty days after its convening, and no amend- 
ment shall be proposed after the lapse of that time. All amendments shall 
be referred to a joint committee of both Houses, consisting of two mem- 
bers from each House, with the Attorney General as ex-officio chairman. 
Only such amendments shall be voted on as shall be favorably reported by 
this committee, and each amendment shall be voted on separately. 

Art. 324. The Commission to prepare said drafts shall be composed 
of three lawyers of this State. The compensation of said Commissioners 
shall be fixed by the General Assembly. Said compensation to be payable 
only when the drafts have been prepared and submitted to the Governor; 
but the other expenses of the Commission shall be promptly paid as 
incurred, and the Governor is hereby warranted to draw on the General 
Fund for said compensation and for all the expenses of printing the saiJ 
drafts, and for the other expenses incurred under this act. 

SCHEDULE. 

Art. 325. That no inconvenience may arise from the adoption of 
this Constitution, and in order to carry this Constitution into complete 
operation, it is hereby declared: 

First — That all laws in force in this State at the time of the adoption 
of this Constitution, not inconsistent therewith, and constitutional when 
enacted, shall remain in full force and effect until altered or repealed by 
the General Assembly, or until they expire by their own limitation. All 
ordinances passed and ratified by this Convention and appended to the 
official original draft of the Constitution delivered to the Secretary of 
State shall have the same force and effect as if included in and constitut- 
ing a part of this Constitution. 

Second — All writs, actions, causes of action, proceedings, prosecu- 
tions and rights of individuals or bodies corporate, and of the State, when 
not inconsistent with this Constitution, shall continue as valid and in 
full force and effect. 

Third — The provisions of all laws, which are inconsistent with this 
Constitution, shall cease upon its adoption, except that all laws which are 
inconsistent with such provisions of this Constitution as require legisla- 
tion to enforce them shall remain in full force until such legislation is had. 

Fourth — All recognizances, obligations and all other instruments 
entered into or executed before the adoption of this Constitution, to the 
State or to any parish, city, municipality, board, or other public corpora- 
tion therein, and all fines, taxes, penalties, forfeitures and rights, due, 
owing or accruing to the State of Louisiana, or to any parish, city, muni- 
cipality, board or other public corporation therein, under the Constitution 
and laws heretofore in force, and all writs, prosecutions, actions and pro- 
ceedings, except as herein otherwise provided, shall continue and remain 



306 CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

unaffected by the adoption of this Constitution. All indictments and 
information which shall have been found or filed, or may hereafter be 
found or filed for any crime or offense committed before the adoption of 
this Constitution may be prosecuted as if no change had been made, except 
as herein otherwise provided. 

Fifth — All officers, executive, legislative and judicial, State, parish 
or municipal, who may be in office at the adoption of this Constitution, 
or who may be elected or appointed before the election or appointment 
of their successors, as herein provided, shall hold their respective offices 
until their terms shall have expired and until their successors are duly 
qualified, as provided in this Constitution, unless sooner removed, as may 
be provided by law, and shall receive the compensation now fixed by the 
Constitution and laws in force at the adoption of this Constitution, except 
as herein otherwise provided. 

Sixth — The Constitution of this State, adopted in 1879, and all 
amendments thereto, are declared to be superseded by this Constitution; 
provided, however, that no failure on the part of this Convention to 
re-enact and re-ordain any article or ordinance contained in the Consti- 
tution of 1879 upon any of the subjects upon which this Convention is 
by the act convening it prohibited from enacting, ordaining or framing 
any article or ordinance, shall be construed as in any manner impairing 
or affecting the provisions of the Constitution of 1879 upon the prohibited 
subjects. 

Seventh — The Supreme Court, Courts of Appeal and District Courts, 
provided for by this Constitution are declared to be and shall be construed 
to be the same courts as those of the same name created by the Consti- 
tution of 1879, and all writs, orders and process issued from said courts, 
which shall be pending or in course of execution at the date when this 
Constitution goes into effect, together with all the records and archives 
of said courts, shall at once, by virtue of this article, be transferred to 
and held to be cases pending in and WTits, orders and process issued from 
and in course of execution under the authority of, and records and 
archives, of said courts, respectively, as organized under this Constitution. 

Eighth — This Constitution, adopted by the people of the State of 
Louisiana in Convention assembled shall be in full force and effect from 
and after this 12th day of May, 1898, save and except as otherwise pro- 
vided in and by said Constitution. 

Art. 326. The first General Assembly meeting after the adoption of 
this Constitution is required to make a special appropriation to pay the 
debt which this Convention has contracted with the Louisiana National 
Bank, the Hebernia National Bank and the New Orleans National Bank, 
of the City of New Orleans, with interest at 5 per cent, per annum 
from May 9th, 1898, until paid, and for which certificates are held by said 
banks, issued to them pursuant to an ordinance heretofore adopted by this 
Convention, and which, said debt was incurred for the purpose of enabling 
this Convention to complete its work. 

There shall be printed in book or pamphlet form 1,500 copies of the 



AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 307 

Journal of the Convention, and 5,000 copies of this Constitution, and 
each member of the Convention shall be entitled to eight copies of the 
Journal and twenty-five copies of the Constitution. The remaining copies 
shall be delivered to the Secretary of State, to be disposed of as may 
hereafter be ordered by the Legislature. 

Said General Assembly shall also make any appropriation required 
to pay any loans heretofore negotiated, or which may hereafter be nego- 
tiated by the Governor, pursuant to an ordinance heretofore adopted 
by this Convention, for the purpose of defraying the expenses of organiz- 
ing and mobilizing the State's quota of volunteers called for by the proc- 
lamation of the President of the United States, heretofore promulgated. 
Done in Convention, in the City of New Orleans, on the 12th day of 
May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety- 
eight and of the Independence of the United States of America the one 
hundred and twenty-second. 

E. B. KRUTTSCHNITT, 
President of the Convention. 
R. H. SNYDER, 
First Vice-President of the Convention. 
S. McC. LAWRASON, 
Second Vice-President of the Convention. 
Attest : 

ROBERT S. LANDRY, 

Secretary of the Convention. 



FIRST AMENDMENT TO CONSTITUTION 

OF 1898. 

Act No. 4.) S. B. No. 3— By Mr. Cage. 

JOINT RESOLUTION. 

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the State of 
Louisiana relative to ratifying and carrying into effect a 
special tax levied in the City of New Orleans for certain 
public improvements, and to establish therein public sys- 
tems of sewerage and water, the issuance of bonds therefor 
and the providing ways and means to pay the principal 
and interest of said bonds. 
amendmen°t n t a o Section 1. Be it resolved by the General Assembly of the 

be submitted at State of Louisiana, two-thirds of all the members elected to 
erai election, each house concurring, that the following amendment to the 
April ' A - D1900 Constitution of the State be submitted to the electors of the 
State at the next general election for Representatives in the 
Legislature, to be holden on the Tuesday next following the 
third Monday in April, A. D. 1900, to-wit: 



308 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 

Article 1. "The special tax for public improvements, 
voted by the property taxpayers of tne City of New Orleaii3 Q ue8t io n to be 
on June 6, 1899, and levied by the City Council, by Ordinance printed on hall 
No. 15,391, approved June 22, 1899, is hereby ratified, and its 
validity shall never be questioned. The special act adopted by 
the Legislature at the special session held on August 8, 1899, 
constituting the Sewerage and Water Board of the City of 
New Orleans, authorizing the City of New Orleans to issue 
bonds and providing the means to pay the principal and inter- 
est thereof, and for other purposes cognate to the purposes of 
the special tax aforesaid, is hereby ratified and approved, spe- 
cially including the therein reserved legislative right to amend 
the same; and all provisions of the present Constitution in 
conflict with the provisions of said act and with this amend- 
ment are to that extent and for that purpose only repealed." 

Sec. 2. Be it further resolved, etc., that on the official 
ballots to be used at said election shall be placed the words, 
"For the City of New Orleans Public Improvement Amend- 
ment," and the words "Against the City of New Orleans Pub- 
lic Improvement Amendment," and each elector shall indicate, 
as provided in the general election laws of the State which of 
the propositions , for or against, he votes for. 

S. P. HENRY, 
Speaker of the House of Representatives. . 
R. H. SNYDER, 
Lieutenant Governor and President of the Senate. 
Approved August 18th, 1899. 

MURPHY J. POSTER, 
Governor of the State of Louisiana. 
A true copy: 

JOHN T. MICHEL, 

Secretary of State. 



SECOND AMENDMENT TO CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 
Act No. 73.) H. B. No. 73— By Mr. B. T. Young. 

JOINT RESOLUTION. 

Proposing an Amendment to Article 303 of the Constitution of the State 

of Louisiana. 

Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of 
Louisiana, two-thirds of all members elected to each House concurring, 
That Article Three Hundred and Three of the Constitution of the State 
of Louisiana be so amended as to read as follows : 

Article 303. A pension not to exceed ($8) Dollars per month shall 



AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 309 

be allowed to each Confederate soldier or sailor veteran, who possesses all 
of the following qualifications: 

1st. He shall have served honorably from the date of his enlist- 
ment until the close of the late Civil War, or until he was discharged or 
paroled, in some military organization regularly mustered into the Army 
or Navy of the Confederate States, and shall have remained true to the 
Confederate States until the surrender. 

2nd. He shall be in indigent circumstances, and unable to earn a 
livelihood by his own labor or skill. 

3rd. He shall not be salaried or otherwise provided for by the State 
of Louisiana, or by any other State or Government. 

In case he enlisted in any organization mustered into said service 
as a Louisiana organization, or in cas eat the date of his enlistment he 
resided in the State of Louisiana, he shall have resided in this State for 
at least five years prior to his application for pension. In case he resided 
elsewhere than in this State, and enlisted in an organization not mus- 
tered in from Louisiana, or in the Navy of the Confederate States, he shall 
have resided in this State for at least fifteen years prior to his application 
for such pension. A like pension shall be granted to the widow who 
shall not have married again, in indigent circumstances, of such soldier 
or sailor whose marriage to her was contracted prior to January 1st, 1870, 
provided, that if her deceased husband served in an organization mus- 
tered in from Louisiana, or if he resided in Louisiana at the date of his 
enlistment, and has so resided for one year prior thereto, then in order 
that such widow shall be entitled to the pension as herein provided, she 
shall have resided in this State for at least five years prior to her appli- 
cation therefor; and if her deceased husband enlisted elsewhere than in 
Louisiana, and served in an organization not mustered in from Louisiana 
such widow shall, in order to entitle her to pension as herein provided, 
have resided in this State for not less than fifteen years prior to her appli- 
cation for such pension ; provided further that pensions whether to veter- 
ans or to widows shall be allowed only from the date of application under 
this article and the total appropriations for all pensions shall not be leas 
than fifty thousand dollars nor more than seventy-five thousand dollars 
in any one year; provided, that nothing in this Article shall be construed 
so as to prohibit the General Assembly from providing artificial limbs to 
disabled Confederate soldiers or sailors. 

Section 2. Be it further enacted, etc., That this proposed amend- 
ment be submitted to the qualified voters of the State of Louisiana for 
adoption or rejection, at the Congressional election to be holden in No- 
vember, 1900. J. Y. SANDERS, 

Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
ALBERT ESTOPINAL, 
Lieutenant-Governor and President of the Senate. 

Approved, July 6th, 1900. W. W. HEARD, 

Governor of the State of Louisiana. 
A true copy: 

JOHN T. MICHEL, Secretary of State. 

10 



PART II 



TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 



GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA UNDER FRENCH RULE. 

Marquis de Sauvolle 1699-1700 

Bienville 1701-1712 

Lamothe Cadillar 1713-1715 

De L'Epinay 1716-1717 

Bienville 1718-1723 

Boisbriant (ad interim) 1724 

Perrier 1725-1731 

Bienville 1732-1741 

Marquis de Vautreuil 1742-1752 

Baron de Kerelec 1753-1762 

D'Abadie 1763-1766 

UNDER SPANISH RULE. 

Antoine de Ulloa 1767-1768 

Alexander O'Reilley 1768-1769 

Luis de Unzaga 1770-1776 

Bernardo de Galvez 1777-1784 

Estevan Miro 1785-1787 

Francisco Luis Horter, Baron de Carondelet. 1789-1792 

Gayoso de Lemos 1793-1797 

Sebastian y Caso Calvo y O'Farrill 1798-1799 

Juan Manuel y de Salcedo 1801-1803 

TERRITORY OF LOUISIANA. 
W. C. C. Claiborne 1804-1812 

STATE OF LOUISIANA. 

W. C. C. Claiborne 1812-1816 

Jacques Villere 1816-1820 

Thomas Boling Robertson (resigned) 1820-1822 

Henry S. Thibodaux, President of the Senate (acting governor) . 1822-1824 

Henry Johnson 1824-1828 

Pierre Derbigny (died in office) 1828-1829 



314 TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 

A. Beauvais, President of the Senate (acting Governor) 1829-1830 

Jacques Dupre 1830-1831 

Andre Bienvenu Roman 1831-1835 

Edward White 1835-1839 

Andre Bienvenu Koman 1839-1843 

Alexandre Mouton 1843-1846 

Isaac Johnson 1846-1850 

Joseph Walker 1850-1853 

Paul 0. Hebert 1853-1856 

Robert Charles WicklifTe 1856-1860 

Thomas Overton Moore 1860-1864 

Gen. G. F. Shepley, Military Governor 1862-1863 

Henry Watkins Allen, under Confederate Government 1864-1864 

Michael Hahn, under Federal Government 1864 

James Madison Wells, President of Senate, (Acting Governor) .1864-1866 

James Madison Wells 1866-1867 

Benjamin Flanders, under military authority 1867-1868 

Joshua Baker, under military authority 1868 

Henry Clay Warmoth 1868-1873 

John McEnery (counted out by the Returning Board) 1873 

P. B. S. Pinchback, Lieutenant Governor, Acting Governor. .. . 1873 

William Pitt Kellogg, Governor de jure 1873-1877 

Francis T. Nicholls 1877-1879 

Louis Alfred Wiltz (died in office) 1880-1881 

Samuel Douglas McEnery, Lieutenant Governor, succeeded him 

as Governor 1881-1884 

Samuel Douglas McEnery - 1884-1888 

Francis T. Nicholls 1888-1892 

Murphy James Foster 1892-1896 

Murphy James Foster 1896-1900 

William Wright Heard 1900-1904 



LOUISIANA CONGRESSMEN. 

(Territory organized March 3, 1805.) 

Ninth Congress — March 4, 1805, to March 4, 1807 : 
Delegate: Daniel Clarke. 

Tenth Congress — March 4, 1807, to March 4, 1809 : 
Delegate: Daniel Clarke. 

Eleventh Congress — March 4, 1809, to March 4, 1811 : 
Delegate: Julien Poydras. 

Twelfth Congress — March 4, 1811, to March 4, 1813 : 

Delegate: Julien Poydras, until April 8, 1812, when Louisiana was ad- 
mitted into the Union. 



TERRITORIAL AM) STATE GOVERNMENTS. 315 

Senators: (In class 3.) Allen B. Magruder, to serve from September 
3, 1812, to March 4, 1813. (In class 2.) Jean Noel Destrehan, elected 
in December, 1811, to serve until March 4, '1817, but resigned before the 
State was admitted, and was succeeded by Thos. Lloyd Posey, the Gov- 
ernor's appointee, who served until December, 1812, when James Brown, 
the elect of the Legislature, took his seat. 

Representative: Thomas Boiling Robertson. 

Thirteenth Congress — March 4, 1813, to March 4, 1815 : 

Senators: James Brown, Eligius Fromentin, successor to Allen B. 

Magrudei*. 

Representative : Thomas B. Robertson. 

Fourteenth Congress — March 4, 1815, to March 4, 1817 : 
Senators: James Brown, Eligius Fromentin. 
Representative : Thomas B. Robertson. 

Fifteenth Congress— M arch 4, 3 817, to March 4, 1819: 

Senators: Eligius Fromentin; Wm. C. C. Claiborne, successor to 
James Brown. 

Sixteenth Congress— M aich 4, 1819, to March 4, 1821: 

Senators: Henry Johnson; James Brown, successor to Eligius Fro- 
mentin to serve until March 4, 1825. 
Representative : Thomas Butler. 

Seventeenth Congress — March 4, 1821, to March 4, 1823 : 
Senators : Henry Johnson, James Brown. 
Representative : Josiah Stoddart Johnson. 

Eighteenth Congress — March 4, 1823, to March 4, 1825 : 

Senators: James Brown; until December 23, 1823, when he resigned 
to accept the position of Minister to France, and was succeeded (January 
15, 1824) by Josiah S. Johnson. Henry Johnson, re-elected; to serve 
until March 4, 1829; but in 1824 resigned to become Governor of the 
State, and was succeeded (November 19, 1824,) by Dominique Bouligny. 

Representatives: Wm. L. Brent, Henry H. Gurley, Edward Liv- 
ingston. 

Nineteenth Congress— March 4, 1825, to March 4, 1827: 

Senators: Josiah S. Johnston; his own successor; to serve until 
March 4, 1831; Dominique Bouligny. 

Representatives: William L. Brent, Henry H. Gurley, Edward Liv- 
ingston. 

Twentieth Congress — March 4, 1827, to March 4, 1829 : 

Senators: Josiah S. Johnston, Dominique Bouligny. 

Representatives: William L. Brent, Henry H. Gurley, Edward Liv- 
ingston. 



316 TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 

Twenty-First Congress — March 4, 1829, to March 4, 1831 : 

Senators: Josiah L. Johnston, Edward Livingston, successor to Dom- 
inique Bouligny, to serve until March 4, 1835. 

Representatives: Walter H. Overton, Henry H. Gurley, Edward D. 
White. 

Twenty-Second Congress— March 4, 1831, to March 4, 1833 : 

Senators: Josiah S. Johnston, re-elected for six years; Edward Lir- 

ingston, resigned and succeeded, (November 19, 1831,) by George A. 

Waggaman. 
Representatives: Henry Adams Bullard, Philemon Thomas, Edward 

D. White. 

Twenty-Thiud Congress— March 4, 1833, to March 4, 1835 : 

Senators: Josiah S. Johnston, killed May 19, 1833, by steamboat ex- 
plosion on Red River, and succeeded, (December 19, 1833,) by Alexander 
Porter, George A. Waggaman. 

Representatives : Henry A. Bullard, resigned in 1834 to become a mem- 
ber of the Louisiana Supreme Court, and was succeeded by Rice Garland ; 
Philemon Thomas; Edward D. White (resigned in 1834 to become Gov- 
ernor, and was succeeded by Henry Johnson). 

Twenty-Fourth Congress — March 4, 1835, to March 4, 1837: 

Senators: Alexander Porter, resigned January 10, 1837, and suc- 
ceeded January 12, 1837, by Alexander Mouton; Charles Gayarre, suc- 
cessor to George A. Waggaman, resigned in December, 1835, and was 
succeeded by Robert Carter Nicholas. 

Representatives : Rice Garland, Eleazar W. Ripley, Henry Johnson. 

Twenty-Fifth Congress — March 4,1837, to March 4, 1839: 

Senators: Robert C. Nicholas, Alexander Mouton, elected for six 

years to succeed himself. 

Representatives: Rice Garland, Eleazar W. Ripley, (died March 2, 

1839), Henry Johnson. 

Twenty-Sixth Congress — March 4, 1839, to March 4, 1841 : 

Senators : Robert C. Nicholas, Alexander Mouton. 

Representatives: Rice Garland, resigned in 1840 to become one of 
the judges of the Louisiana Supreme Court, and was succeeded by John 
Moore ; Thomas Withers Chinn, Edward D. White. 

Twenty-Seventh-Congress — March 4, 1841, to March 4, 1843: 

Senators : Alexander Mouton, resigned April 1, 1842, to become Gov- 
ernor, and on April 14, 1842, was succeeded by Charles M. Conrad; Alex- 
ander Barron, successor to Robert C. Nicholas for term ending March 
4, 1847. 

Representatives: John Moore*, John B. Dawson, Edward D. White. 



TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 317 

Twenty-Eighth Congress — March 4, 1843, to March 4, 1845 : 

Senators: Alexander Barrow, Alexander Porter (successor to Chas. 

M. Conrad for term ending March 4, 1849), died January 13, 1844, and 

was succeeded by Henry Johnson. 

Representatives: John Slidell, Alcee Labranche, John B. Dawson, 

Placide E. Bossier, died April 24, 1844, and Isaac E. Morse elected to fill 

unexpired term. 

Twenty-Ninth Congress — March 4, 1845, to March 4, 1847 : 

Senators: Alexander Barrow, died December 29, 1846, and Pierre* 
Soule elected to vacancy February 3, 1847; Henry Johnson. 

Representatives: John Slidell, in 1846 resigned, having been ap- 
pointed Minister to Mexico, and Emile La Sere elected to the vacancy; 
Bannon G. Thibodeaux; John B. Dawson, died June 26, 1845, and John 
H. Harmnns-.-n elected to the vacancy; Isaac E. Morse. 

Thirtieth Congress — March 4, 1847, to March 4, 1849 : 

Senators : Henry Johnson, Solomon W. Downs, successor to Pierre 

Soule for term ending March 4, 1853. 

Representatives: Emile La Sere, Bannon G. Thibodeaux, John H. 

Harmanson, Isaac E. Morse. 

Thirty-First Congress — March 4, 1849, to March 4, 1851 : 

Senators: Solomon W. Downs, Pierre Soule, successor to Henry 

Johnson, for term ending March 4, 1855. 

Representatives: Emile La Sere, Charles M. Conrad, in July, 1850, 

resigned to become Secretary of War, and in November, 1850, Henry A. 

Bullard was elected to the vacancy; John H. Harmanson, died October 25, 

1850, and in November, 1850, Alex G. Penn was elected to the vacancy; 

Isaac E. Morse. 

Thirty-Second Congress— March 4, 1851, to March 4, 1853 : 

Senators : Solomon W. Downs, Pierre Soule. 

Representatives: Louis St. Martin, J. Aristide Landry, Alexander 
G. Penn, John Moore. 

Thirty-Third Congress— March 4, 1853, to March 4, 1855 : 

Senators: Pierre Soule, resigned in March, 1853, to become Minis- 
ter to Spain, and April 12, 1853, John Slidell was elected to the vacancy. 
Judah P. Benjamin, successor to Solomon W. Downs, for term ending 
March 4, 1859. 

Representatives : William Dunbar, Theodore G. Hunt, John Perkins, 
Jr., Roland Jones. 

Thirty-Fourth Congress— March 4, 1855, to March 4, 1857 : 

Senators: Judah P. Benjamin, John Slidell, to succeed himeelf for 
six years. 

Representatives: George Eustis, Jr., Miles Taylor, Thomas Green 
Davidson, John M. Sandidge. 



318 TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 

Thirty-Fifth Congress — March 4, 1857, to March 4, 1859 : 

Senators : Judah P. Benjamin, John Slidell. 

Representatives: George Eustis, Jr., Miles Taylor, Thomas G. 
Davidson, John M. Sandidge. 

Thirty-Sixth Congress — March 4, 1859, to March 4, 1861 : 

Senators: Judah P. Benjamin, to succeed himself for term ending 
March 4, 1865; but on Feb. 4, 1861. retired, because of the secession of 
Louisiana from the Union. John Slidell; retired Feb. 4, 1861, because of 
the secession of Louisiana. 

Representatives: John E. Bouligny, Miles Taylor, Thomas G. 
Davidson, John M. Landrum. (Taylor, Davidson and Landrum re- 
tired on Feb. 4, 1861, because of the secession of the State). 

Thirty-Seventh Congress — March 4, 1861, to March 4, 1863 : 

Louisiana unrepresented in the Senate. In the House Benjamin F. 

Flanders represented the First District from January 10, 1863, to March 

4, 1863 ; and Michael FEahn, the Second District, for the same brief period. 

Thirty-Eighth Congress — March 4, 1863, to March 4, 1865 : 
Louisiana unrepresented in either House. 

Thirty-Ninth Congress — March 4, 1865, to March 4, 1867 : 
Louisiana unrepresented in either House. 

Fortieth Congress — March 4, 1867, to March 4, 1869 : 

Senators: Wm. Pitt Kellogg (in class 3), from July 17, 1868, for 
term expiring March 4, 1873. John S. Harris (in class 2), from July 17, 
1868, for term expiring March 4, 1871. 

Representatives: J. Hale Sypher, J. H. Menard (colored), Michel 
Vidal, John P. Newsham, W. Jasper Blackburn ; all five served only from 
July 17, 1868. 

Forty-First Congress — March 4, 1869, to March 4, 1871 : 

Senators : William Pitt Kellogg, John S. Harris. 

Representatives: First District: Louis St. Martin, elected by 653 
majority over J. Hale Sypher, but the later contested and was seated. 
Second District: Lionel A. Sheldon. Third District: Adolph Bailey, 
elected by 7,497 majority over Chester B. Darrall, but the latter contested 
and was seated. Fourth District : Michael Kyan, elected by 4,779 ma- 
jority over John P. Newsham, but the latter contested and was seated. 
Fifth District : Geo. W. McCranie, elected by 7,684 majority over Frank 
Morey, but the latter contested and was seated. 

Forty-Second CoNGRESS^-March 4, 1871, to March 4, 1873 : 

Senators : William Pitt Kellogg, resigned in December, 1872, to be- 
come Governor; and P. B. S. Pinchback (colored), was elected to succeed 
him, but was never admitted. J. Rodman West, successor to John S. 
Harris. » 



TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 319 

Representatives : J. Hale Sypher, Lionel A. Sheldon, Chester B. Dar- 
rall, James McCleary, died in 1872, and Aleck Boarman elected to the 
vacancy; Frank Morey. 

Forty-Third Congress — March 4, 1873, to March 4, 1875 : 

Senators : J. Rodman West. Second seat vacant. 

Representatives : At large : Vacant until February, 1876, when Geo. 
IT. Sheridan was seated. First District: Effingham Lawrence elected, 
but J. Hale Sypher contested and was seated subject to contest, in Febru- 
ary, 1875 ; the seat was allotted to Lawrence. Second District : Randall 
Lee Gibson was elected, but Lionel A. Sheldon contested and was seated. 
Third District: Chester B. Darrall. Fourth District: Edward C. 
Davidson was elected, but George A. Smith contested and was seated. 
Fifth District : Frank Morey. 

Forty-Fourth Congress — March 4, 1875, to March 4, 1877 : 

Senators : J. Rodman West. Vacant until February 10, 1877, when 
James B. Eustis was seated. 

Representatives : Randall Lee Gibson, E. John Ellis, Chester B. Dar- 
rall, Wm. Mallory Levy, William B. Spencer, C. E. Nash (colored). 

Forty-Fifth Congress — March 4, 1877, to March 4, 1879 : 

Senators : James B. Eustis, Wm. Pitt Kellogg, successor to J. Rod- 
man West. 

Representatives : Randall Lee Gibson, E. John Ellis, Joseph H. Ack- 
len, J. B. Elam, J. E. Leonard, died June, 1878, and in November, 1878. 
John S. Young was elected to the vacancy; Edward W. Robertson. 

Forty- Sixth Congress — March 4, 1879, to March 4, 1881 : 

Senators: Wm. Pitt Kellogg, B. Frank Jonas, succeeded to Jas. B. 

Eustis, for term ending March 4, 1885. 

Representatives : Randall Lee Gibson, E. John Ellis, Joseph H. Ack- 

len, J. B. Elam, J. Floyd King, Edward W. Robertson. 

Forty-Seventh Congress — March 4, 1881, to March 4, 1883 : 

Senators : William Pitt Kellogg, B. Frank Jonas. 

Representatives : Randall Lee Gibson, E. John Ellis, Chester B. Dar- 
rall, Newton C. Blanchard, J. Floyd King, Edward W. Robertson. 

Forty-Eighth Congress — March 4, 1883, to March 4, 1885 : 

Senators: B. Frank Jonas, Randall Lee Gibson, successor to Wm. 

Pitt Kellogg, for term ending March 4, 1889. 

Representatives : Carleton Hunt, E. John Ellis, Wm. Pitt Kellogg, 

Newton C. Blanchard, J. Floyd King, Ed. T. Lewis. 

Forty-Ninth Congress — March 4, 1885, to March 4, 1887 : 

Senators: Randall Lee Gibson, James B. Eustis, successor to B. 

Frank Jonas, for term ending March 4, 1891. 

Representatives: Louis St. Martin, Michael Hahn, died in April, 



320 TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 

1886, and N. D. Wallace elected to succeed him ; Edward J. Gay, Newton 
C. Blanchard, J. Floyd King, Alfred Briggs Irion. 

Fiftieth Congress — March 4, 1887, to March 4, 1889 : 

Senators : Randall Lee Gibson, James B. Eustis. 

Representatives-. Theodore S. Wilkinson, Matt. D. Lagan, Edward 
J. Gay, Newton C. Blanchard, Cherubusco Newton, Edward W. Robertson, 
died in August, 1887, and his son, Samuel M. Robertson, was, in Novem- 
ber, 1887, elected to fill the vacancy. 

Fifty-First Congress— March 4, 1889, to March 4, 1891 : 

Senators-. Edward D. White, of Orleans; Randall Lee Gibson, of 
New Orleans. 

Representatives: First District, Theo. S. Wilkinson of Plaquemine; 
Second District, H. Dudley Coleman of New Orleans; Third District, 
Edward J. Gay of Iberville; Fourth District, Newton C. Blanchard of 
Caddo; Fifth District, Charles J. Boatner of Ouachita; Sixth District, 
Samuel M. Robertson of East Baton Rouge. Edward J. Gay died and was 
succeeded by Andrew Price of Lafourche. 

Fifty-Second Congress — March 4, 1891, to March 4, 1893 : 

Senators: Edward D. White, of Orleans; Randall Lee Gibson, of 
Orleans, (died, and succeeded by Donaldson CafTery 1892). 

Representatives: First District, Adolph Meyer of Orleans; Second 
District, Matt. D. Lagan of Orleans; Third District, Andrew Price of 
Lafourche; Fourth District, Newton C. Blanchard of Caddo; Fifth Dis- 
trict, Charles J. Boatner of Ouachita; Sixth District, Samuel M. Robert- 
son of East Baton Rouge. 

Fifty-Third Congress — March 4, 1893, to March 4, 1895 : 

Senators : Edward D. White, of Orleans ; Donaldson CafTery, of St. 

Mary. (Edward D. White having been appointed Associate Justice of the 

Supreme Court of the United States, Newton C. Blanchard, of Caddo, was 

appointed to fill vacancy) . 

Representatives: First District, Adolph Meyer of Orleans; Second 

District, Robert C. Davey of Orleans; Third District, Andrew Price of 

Lafourche; Fourth District, Newton C. Blanchard, of Caddo (Harry W. 

Ogden, of Bossier, was elected to fill vacancy caused by appointment of 

Newton C. Blanchard to the United States Senate) ; Fifth District, Chas. 

J. Boatner of Ouachita; Sixth District, Samuel M. Robertson of East 

Baton Rouge. 

Fifty-Fourth Congress — March 4, 1895, to March 4, 1897 : 

Senators : Donaldson CafTery, of St. Mary ; Newton C. Blanchard, of 

Caddo; Samuel Douglas McEnery, of Ouachita, elected by General 

Assembly to succeed N. C. Blanchard. 

Representatives : First District, Adolph Meyer of Orleans ; Second 

District, Charles F. Buck of Orleans; Third District, Andrew Price of 



TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 321 

Lafourche; Fourth District, Harry W. Ogden of Bossier; Fifth District, 
Charles J. Boatner of Ouachita, (contested by Alex Benoit, and seat de- 
clared vacant, and at election held on June 10th, 1896, Charles J. 
Boatner was re-elected) ; Sixth District, Samuel M. Robertson of East 
Baton Rouge. 

Fifty-fifth Congress — March 4, 1897, to March 4, 1899. 

Senators: Donaldson Caffery of St. Mary; Samuel Douglass 
McEnery of Ouachita, successor to Newton C. Blanchard (for terms 
beginning March 4, 1897, ending March 4, 1903). 

Representatives: First District, Adolph Meyer of Orleans; Second 
District, Robert C. Davey of Orleans; Third District, Robert F. Brous- 
sard of Iberia; Fourth District, Harry W. Ogden of Bossier; Fifth 
District, Sam'l T. Baird of Morehouse; Sixth District, Sam'l M. Robert- 
son of East Baton Rouge. 

Fifty-sixth Congress — March 4, 1899, to March 4, 1901. 

Senators: Donaldson Caffery of St. Mary; Samuel Douglass 
McEnery of Ouachita. 

Representatives: First District, Adolph Meyer of Orleans; Second 
District, Robert C. Davey of Orleans ; Third District, Robert F. Broussard 
of Iberia; Fourth District, Phanor Brazeale of Natchitoches; Fifth 

District, Samuel T. Baird of Morehouse (died in 1899), and 

Joseph E. Ransdell of East Carroll, elected on August 29, 1899, to fill 
vacancy; Sixth District, Sam'l. M. Robertson of East Baton Rouge. 

Fifty-seventh Congress — March 4, 1901, to March 4, 1903. 

Senators: Samuel Douglass McEnery of Ouachita; Murphy James 
Foster of St. Mary (successor to Donaldson Caffery, term beginning 
March 4, 1901, ending March 4, 1907). 

Representatives: First District, Adolph Meyer of Orleans; Second 
District, Robert C. Davey of Orleans; Third District, Robert F. Broussard 
of Iberia; Fourth District, Phanor Brazeale of Natchitoches; Fifth 
District, Joseph E. Ransdell of East Carroll; Sixth District, Samuel M. 
Robertson of East Baton Rouge. 



322 TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 



PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS— ELECTED BY THE 
LEGISLATURE. 

1812. Julien Poydras, Stephen A. Hopkins, Philomen Thomas, who 
cast their votes for James Madison. 

1816. Garrigues Elangas, Squire Lea and John R. Grymes, who 
east their votes for James Monroe. 

1824. William Nott, Jean Baptiste Plauche, James H. Shepherd, 
Sebastian Hiriart and Pierre Lacoste, who cast their votes as follows: 
Three votes for Andrew Jackson and three votes for John Quincy Adams. 



PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS— ELECTED BY THE PEOPLE. 

1828. Jean Baptiste Plauche, Alexander Mouton, Thomas W. Scott. 
Placide E. Bossier and Trasimond Landry, who cast their votes for 
Andrew Jackson. The popular vote was as follows: Andrew Jackson 
4604, John Quincy Adams 4095 votes. 

1832. Jean Baptiste Plauche, Alexander Mouton, Thomas W. Scott, 
W. H. Overton, Trasimond Landry and Placide E. Bossier, who cast their 
votes for Andrew Jackson. The popular vote stood as follows: Andrew 
Jackson 4094, and Henry Clay 2522 votes. 

1836. Jean Baptiste Plauche, Alexander Mouton, Thomas W. Scott, 
Placide E. Bossier, W. H. Overton and Trasimond Landry, who cast their 
votes for Martin Van Buren. The popular vote was as follows: Martin 
Van Buren 3653 votes, William Henry Harrison 3383 votes. 

1840. William De Buys, Jacques Dupre, Joseph Bernard, Seth W. 
Lewis, John Moon and L. Barras, who cast their votes for William Henry 
Harrison. The popular vote was as follows: William Henry Harrison 
11,297, Martin Van Buren 1617 votes. 

1844. Gilbert Leonard, Jean Baptiste Plauche, Trasimond Landry, 
A. E. Mouton, Solomon W. Downs and Thomas W. Scott, who cast their 
votes for James Knox Polk. The popular vote was as follows: James 
Knox Polk 13,782, Henry Clay 13,083. 

1848. Jacques Toutane, Judah P. Benjamin, Manuel J. Garcia, John 
Moore, Christopher Adams, Jr., and James G. Campbell, who cast their 
votes for Zachary Taylor. The popular vote was as follows: Zachary 
Taylor 18,117 votes, and Louis Cass 15,370. 

1852. E. Warren Moise, Thomas Green Davidson, Jean Baptiste 
Plauche, Trasimond Landry, Thomas Overton Moore, R. W. Richardson, 
who cast their votes for Eranklin Pierce. The popular vote was as 
follows : Pierce 18,647, Winfield Scott 17,255. 

1856. Charles J. Villere, Wm. A. Elmore, Trasimond Landry, 



TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 323 

Thomas 0. Moore, John McVey, Henry Gray, who cast their votes for 
James Buchanan. The popular vote was as follows: James Buchanan 
22,164, Millard Fillmore 20,709. 

1860. Octave S. Rousseau, Bernard Avegno, Trasimond Landry, 
Jules G. Olivier, Bennett B. Simms and William M. Levy, who cast their 
votes for John C. Breckinridge. The popular vote stood as follows : John 0. 
Breckinridge 22,681, John Bell 20,204, and Stephen A. Douglas 7,625. 

1864. Louisiana did not vote for President. 

1868. George W. Race, William F. Blackman, Anthony Sambola, 
M. B. Brady, Clarence Work, S. J. Powell and P. M. Goodrich, who ca^t 
their votes for Horatio Seymour. The popular vote stood as follows : 
Horatio Seymour 43,189, Ulysses S. Grant 27,911 votes. 

1872. Thomas C. Manning, Andrew S. Herron, Hugh J. Campbell, 
Allen Thomas, Louis Bush, Albert H. Leonard, and L. Vincent Reeves. 
The popular vote was as follows: Horace Greeley 66,467, Ulysses S. 
Grant 59,975. The Returning Board reduced the majority by throwing 
out Democratic votes of several parishes of this State, thereby giving a 
majority to General Grant, under pretext of fraud, intimidation and 
violence, and made up the vote as follows : Por U. S. Grant 71,663, and 
for Horace Greeley 57,029 votes, and returned the following named 
persons as Electors: M. P. Bonzano, Jules Lanabere, Dr. L. Roudanez, 
Milton Morris, A. K. Johnson, Dr. Joseph Taylor and R. L. Brooks. 
Various objections were made before the two Houses of Congress to 
counting the vote of Louisiana, arising from the consideration of different . 
election certificates, which had been received from two Returning 
Boards, both claiming to be legal. The objection to counting the vote 
was sustained by both Houses. The above vote was not counted under the 
rule "that no vote objected to shall be counted, except by the concurrent 
vote of both Houses." 

1876. Robert C. WicklifTe, John McEnery, Louis St. Martin, Ralph 
J. Cobb, Felix P. Poche, W. A. Seay, Alcibiades DeBlanc and K. A. Cross. 
The popular vote stood as follows : Samuel J. Tilden 86,723, Rutherford 
B. Hayes 77,174. The Returning Board reduced the majority given to 
Mr. Tilden by throwing out votes of Democratic parishes and increasing 
the votes in Republican parishes, under pretext of fraud, intimidation and 
violence, and made up the vote as follows: Rutherford B. Hayes 75,135, 
Samuel J. Tilden 70,036, and returned the following named persons as 
electors: William P. Kellegg, J. Henri Burch, Peter Joseph, A. B. 
Levissee, Lionel A. Sheldon, O. H. Brewster, Morris Marks and Oscar 
JofTrion, who cast their votes for Rutherford B. Hayes. 

1880. Walter C. Flower, Thomas C. Manning, Charles A. Butler, 
Emile J. O'Brien, Allen Thomas, W. H. Jack. George A. Ellis and K A. 
Cross, who cast their votes for Winfleld S. Hancock. The popular vote 
stood as follows : Winfleld S. Hancock 65,067, James A. Garfield 38,028, 
James C. Weaver . 

1884. J. D. Watkins, M. E. Girard, Alex. Brewster, J. C. Denis, I. D. 
Moore, W. H. Jack, G. L. Gaskins and John H. Stone, who cast their 



324 TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 

votes for Grover Cleveland. The popular vote was as follows: Grover 
Cleveland 62,521, James G. Blaine 46,347, St. John 337, and Butler 120. 

1888. A. H. May, F. P. Stubbs, Geo. H. Theard, Euclid Borland, 
E. A. O'Sullivan, E. W. Sutherlin, II. P. Wells, L. D. Beale. Vote stood 
Cleveland Electors 85,032, Harrison Electors 30,484. 

1892. H. P. Kernochan, Tom K. Green, A. L. Tissot, Saml. L. 
Gilmore, Gabe Montegut, W. H. Wise, O. B. Steele, T. J. Kernan. 
Vote stood Cleveland Electors . 

1896. John C. Wickliffe, Matt. W. Smart, J. W. McFarland, Albert 
Voorhies, Sam'l. J. Kohlman, G. A. Fournet, K. M. Steele, J. T. Howell. 
Vote stood Bryan Electors 77,175, McKinley Electors 18,320. 

1900. Bobert H. Snyder, Thos. H. Lewis, Charles J. Theard, Wm. 
O. Hart, Ed. McCollum, H. T. Liverman, Allen Barksdale, S. D. Ellis. 
Vote stood Bryan Electors 53,671, McKinley Electors 14,233. 

Note. — By act of Congress of March 1, 1792, amended on January 
23, 1845, a uniform day for the election of President and Vice-President 
is fixed for all the States, being the Tuesday next after the first Monday 
in November, every fourth year after a President has been elected. 



PRESIDENTS OF THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCILS— TERRITORY 

OF ORLEANS. 

Term of Office 

Julien Poydras 1804-1805 

Jean Noel Destrehan 1806 

Pierre Sauve 1807 

Julien Poydras 1808 

J. D. Degouton Bellechasse 1809-1810 

Jean Noel Destrehan .• 1810-1812 



PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE— STATE OF LOUISIANA. 

Term of Office 

Julien Poydras 1812-1813 

Fulmar Skipwith . . 1814-1815 

Nathaniel Meriam 1816-1819 

Julien Poydras 1820-1821 

Bernard Marigny 1821 

H. S. Thibodaux 1823-1826 

A. Beauvais 1827-1829 

Isaac A. Smith 1830-1831 

Charles Derbigny 1832-1837 

Joseph E. Johnston 1838 

Jacques Dupre 1838 

Felix Garcia • 1839-1845 



TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 325 

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS— EX-OFFICIO PRESIDENTS OF 

THE SENATE. 

(This office was created under 'the Constitution of 1845.) 

Term of Office 

Trasimond Landry 1846-1849 

Jean Baptiste Plauche 1850-1855 

William Wood Farmer (died in office) 1853 

Robert Charles Wickliffe, president pro tern 1854-1855 

Charles Homere Mouton (resigned) 1856 

William F. Griffin, president pro tern 1857-1859 

Henry M. Hyams 1860-1864 

Benjamin W. Pearce, de jure 1861 

J". Madison Wells (de facto), succeeded by Michael Hahn, 

Governor de jure 1864 

Charles Smith, president pro tern 1864 

Charles W. Boyce, president pro tern 1864 

Louis Gastinel, president pro tern 1864 

Victor Burthe, president pro tern 1865 

Albert Voorhies 1866-1868 

Oscar J. Dunn (colored), died in office 1868-1871 

P. B. S. Pinchback (colored) president pro tern 1871 

C. C. Antoine (colored) 1872-1876 

Louis Alfred Wiltz 1877-1880 

Samuel Douglas McEnery (succeeded to Gov. L. A. Wiltz) 1880-1881 

Dr. W. A. Robertson, president pro tern 1881 

George L. Walton, president pro tern 1881-1882 

Robert C. Davey, president pro tern 1884-1888 

Clay Knobloch 1884-1888 

James Jeffries 1888-1892 

Charles Parlange (appointed Judge Supreme Court) 1892 

H. R. Lott, president pro tern. . . 1894 

R. ED, Snyder 1896-1900 

Albert Estopinal 1900-1904 



SECRETARIES OF THE SENATE. 

Term of Office 

Elijius Fromentin 1812-1813 

Henry D. Pierce 1814-1823 

Horatio Davis 1824-1850 

James B. Walton 1852 

Horatio Davis 1853 

William F. Wagner 1854-1855 

James A. Warner 1856 

William F. Warner 1857 

Aristides Barbin 1858-1859 



OZO TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 

William F. Wagner , .1860-1864 

Henry B. Kelly 1865-1867 

Charles H. Merritt 1868-1872 

Pierre E. Bectel . 1873-1876 

John Clegg , 1877-1880 

Oscar Arroyo . ...... .. 1881-1882 

Will A. Strong .-. .1884-1888 

C. D. Caffery ..." 1888-1892 

W. H. McClendon 1892-1890 

W. H. McClendon 1896-1900 

W. H. McClendon 1900-1904 



SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OE REPRESENTATIVES— TERRI- 
TORY OE ORLEANS. 

Term of Office 

John Watkins . . 1806-1807 

Thomas Urquhart ...... .(..... .1808-1810 

Magloire Guichard .' ......1811-1812 

SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE— STATE OF LOUISIANA. 

Term of Office 

P. B. St. Martin 1812 

Stephen Hopkins 1813 

Magloire Guichard 1814-1817 

David C. Ker . . . 1818-1819 

A. Beauvais 1820-1822 

Andre Bienvenu Roman 1822-1826 

Octave La Branche ..-.:. .1827-1829 

Andre Bienvenu Roman . . .1829-1830 

Alexandre Mouton 1831-1832 

Alcee LaBranche .' .1833-1837 

Joseph Walker , 1838 

William DeBuys 1839-1840 

William C. C. Claiborne 1841-1842 

Charles Derbigny . . ". 1843-1844 

Antonie Boudousquie 1845 

David A. Randall 1846-1847 

Preston W. Farrar 1848 

E. Warren Moise 1850 

John E. King 1852 

E. Warren Moise 1853 

John M. Sandidge .1854-1855 

William W. Fugh . .1856-1859 

Charles H. Morrison .1860-1861 

Adolph Olivier p .. .1862-1863 

Simeon Belden > 1864-1865 



TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 327 

Duncan S. Cage 1866-1867 

Charles W. Lowell .1868-1869 

Mortimer Carr 1870 

George W. Carter , 1871 

O. H. Brewster 1872 

Charles W. Lowell 1873-1874 

Michael Hahn 1875 

Louis A. Wiltz 1875 

E. D. Estilette 1875-1876 

Louis Bush 1877-1878 

John Charles Moncure 1879 

Robert N. Ogden 1880-1882 

Henry W. Ogden 1884-1888 

S. P. Henry .1888-1892 

G. W. Bolton 1892-1896 

S. P. Henry 1896-1900 

Jared Y. Sanders 1900-1904 



CLERKS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

Term of Office 

C. Tremont Decoux 1812-1815 

Auguste Davezac de Castera 1816 

Jean Francois Canonge 1817-1830 

Armand Pitot , .1831-1835 

H. Patin 1835 

Florin Roussel 1835-1836 

Alexander Cuvillier 1837-1842 

Theodule Landry 1843-1845 

Jean F. Ayraud 1846-1847 

Alexandre Couvillier 1848 

John E. Layet .1850-1852 

Joseph M. Kennedy .• 1853 

Wm. B. Higgins 1854-1862 

Alfred HI. Isaacson , 1863 

John S. Neelis 1864 

Thos. L. Maxwell 1865-1867 

Wm. F. Yigers 1868-1874 

Peter J. Trezevant 1875-1878 

C. M. Pegues 187& 

Peter J. Trezevant 1880-1884 

Peter J. Trezevant 1884-1888 

Peter J. Trezevant 1888-1892 

Peter J. Trezevant 1892-1896 

Robert S. Landry 1896-1900 

Robert S. Landry ; . .1900-1904 



328 TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 

SECRETAEIES OF STATE. 

(Appointed by the Governor.) 

Term of Office 

Louis Barthelemy McCarty 1812-1816 

Etienne Mazureau , 1817-1820 

Pierre Derbigny 1820-1830 

George A. Waggaman 1830-1832 

George Eustis 1832-1834 

Martin Blache 1835-1837 

Wm. 0. C. Claiborne 1837 

Alfred E. Forstall 1838 

Henry E. Bullard . . .' 1838 

Levi Pierce 1839-1845 

Robert Carter Nicholas . 1845 

Zenon Ledoux, Jr 1845 

Charles Gayarre 1845-1853 

(Under the Constitution of 1852 this office was made elective.) 

Andrew S. Herron 1853-1859 

King D. Hardy 1860-1864 

S. Wrotnozki 1864 

J. Hamilton Hardy 1866-1868 

George E. Bovee (removed by the Governor) 1868-1871 

Francis J. Herron (appointed by the Governor) 1871 

Jack Wharton (appointed by the Governor) 1871 

P. J. Deslonde 1872-1876 

Will. A. Strong 1877-1884 

Oscar Arroyo 1884-1888 

Leonard F. Mason 1888-1892 

Thomas Scott Adams 1892-1896 

John T. Michel 1896-1900 

John T. Michel ■ 1900-1904 



ATTORNEY GENERAL. 

(Appointed by the Governor.) 

Term of Office. 

Francois Xavier Martin 1812-1816 

Louis Moreau Lislet 1817-1818 

Thomas Boiling Robertson 1819-1820 

Etienne Mazureau 1820-1823 

Isaac T. Preston 1823-1829 

Alonzo Morphy »'. 1829 

George Eustis . 1830-1832 

Etienne Mazaureau * 1832-1840 

Christian Roselius 1841-1842 



TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 329 

Isaac T. Preston 1843-1845 

William A. Elmore , 1846-1848 

Isaac Johnson 1850-1852 

(Under the Constitution of 1852, this office was made elective.) 
Isaac E. Moise 1853-1855 

E. Warren Moise 1855-1859 

Thomas J. Semmes, resigned, having been elected Confederate 

States Senator 1860-1862 

F. S. Goode, appointed by the Governor 1862-1864 

Andrew S. Herron, elected by the people and removed by Federal 

authorities 1865 

B. S. Lynch, appointed by Federal authorities 1865-1867 

Simeon Belden ..-. . .1868-1871 

A. P. Field 1872-1876 

William H. Hunt, appointed by the Governor 1876 

Hiram R. Steele, appointed by the Governor 1876 

Horatio N. Ogden 1877-1879 

James Constantine Egan 1880-1884 

Milton J. Cunningham 1884-1888 

Walter HJenry Rogers 1888-1892 

Milton J. Cunningham 1892-1896 

Milton J. Cunningham .1896-1900 

Walter Guion 1900-1904 



TREASURER OF THE TERRITORY OF ORLEANS. 

Term of Office 
George W. Morgan 1804-1812 



STATE TREASURERS ELECTED BY THE GENERAL 
ASSEMBLY. 

Term of Office 

J. Montegut 1812-1814 

Jean Baptiste Dejean , 1814-1817 

Silve Arnaud 1818-1827 

Francois Gardere i 1828-1841 

William De Buys 1841-1845 

Joseph Walker, resigned, haviog been elected Governor 1846-1849 

P. E. D. Livaudais, appointed by the Governor 1849 

Charles E. Greneaux 1850-1852 

George C. McWhorter 1852-1854 

(Elected by the people.) 

Robert A. Hunter 1855-1859 

B. L. Defreese 1860-1865 

Adam Giffin 1866-1868 



330 TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 

Antoine Dubuclet (colored) 1868-1878 

E. A. Burke 1879-1888 

W. H. Pipes 1888-1892 

John Pickett 1892-1890 

Alexandre V. Fournet .1896-1900 

Ledoux E. Smith 1900-1904 



AUDITORS OP PUBLIC ACCOUNTS. 

(Created in 1846, to be appointed by the Governor.) 

Term of Office 
Clark Woodruff 1846-1849 

r 

(Elected by the people.) 

Louis Bordelon 1846-1849 

Samuel F. Marks 1850-1854 

E. W. Robertson 1855-1857 

Hypolite Peralta 1858-1859 

George M. Wickliffe (absconded) 1868-1869 

L. T. Delassize, appointed by the Governor, declined 1869 

James Graham, appointed by the Governor 1869-1871 

Charles Clinton, elected by the people 1872-1875 

George B. Johnson, appointed by the Governor .1876-1877 

Allen Jumel, elected by the people 1877-1888 

O. B. Steele ■ 1884-1892 

W. W. Heard 1892-1896 

W. W. Heard 1896-1900 

W. S. Frazee 1900-1904 



SUPERINTENDENTS OF PUBLIC EDUCATION. 

(Office created in 1847. Appointed by the Governor.) 

Term of Office 

Alexander Dimitry 1847-1849 

Robert Carter Nicholas 1849-1853 

John N. Carrigan 1853-1855 

Samuel Bard 1855-1857 

W. T. Hamilton 1857-1859 

Henry Avery 1859-1861 

W. H. N. McGruder 1862-1865 

John McNair, appointed by Federal authority 1863-1865 

Robert M. Lusher . 1865-1868 

Thomas W. Conway 1868-1872 

W. G. Brown 1872-1876 

Robert M. Lusher 1877-1879 

Edwin H. Fay ". .1880-1884 



TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 331 

Warren Easton 1884-1888 

Joseph A. Breaux 1888-1892 

A. D. Lafargue 1892-1896 

Joseph V. Calhoun 1896-1900 

Joseph V. Calhoun . .1900-1904 



JUDGES OF THE SUPERIOR COURT— TERRITORY OF 
ORLEANS. 

(Appointed by the President of the United States.) 

Term of Office 

George Mathews 1804-1812 

Joshua Lewis 1804-1812 

John Thompson (died in office) 1804-1806 

Francois Xavier Martin 1806-1812 



STATE OF LOUISIANA. 

(Appointed by the Governor.) 

Term of Office 

Dominick A. Hall 1812-1815 

George Mathews 1812-1836 

Pierre Derbigny 1813-1820 

Francois Xavier Martin 1816-1846 

Alexander Foster, Jr 1821-1835 

Henry A. Bullard 1832-1845 

Henry Carleton 1835-1839 

Isaac T. Preston 1837 

Pierre Adolphe Rost 1838-1839 

George Eustis 1838-1839 

George Strawbridge 1837-1839 

Alonzo Morphy 1838-1845 

Edward Simon ' 1840-1845 

Rice Garland < 1846-1852 

George Eustis, Chief Justice 1846-1852 

Pierre Adolphe Rost, Associate Justice 1846-1852 

George Rogers King 1846-1852 

Thomas Slidell 1846-1852 

Isaac T. Preston 1850-1852 

William Dunbar 1852-1853 

(Under the Constitution of 1852, this office was made elective by the 

people.) 

Thomas Slidell, Chief Justice 1853-1855 

Cornelius Voorhies, Associate Justice 1853-1859 

Abner Nash Ogden, Associate Justice 1853-1855 



332 TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 

James G. Campbell, Associate Justice 1854 

Henry M. Spoft'ord, Associate Justice 1853-1855 

Edwin T. Merrick, Chief Justice .1855-1862 

Alexander M. Buchanan, Associate Justice 1855-1863 

John N. Lea :1855-1862 

Josiah L. Cole 1855-1859 

Thomas T. Land 1858-1862 

Albert Voorhies ."'.■ 1859-1862 

Albert Duffel 1860-1864 

Peter E. Bonford, appointed by the Governor 1863-1864 

Thomas Courtland Manning, appointed by the Governor 1863-1864 

William P. Hyman, Chief Justice 1865-1868 

Zenon Labauve, Associate Justice 1865-1863 

Rufus K. Howell 1865-1868 

R. B. Jones, Associate Justice 1865 

James G. Tagliaferro, Associate Justice 1866-1868 

James T. Ludeling, Chief Justice 1868-1876 

James T. Tagliaferro, Associate Justice 1868-1876 

Rufus K. Howell, Associate Justice 1868-1876 

William J. Wiley, Associate Justice 1868-1876 

William W. Howe, Associate Justice 1868-1872 

Joseph E. Leonard, Associate Justice 1872 

Philip Hickey Morgan, Associate Justice 1873-1876 

Thomas Courtland Manning, Chief Justice 1877-1880 

Alcibiades DeBlanc, Associate Justice 1877-1880 

William B. Egan, Associate Justice 1877-1880 

William B. Spencor, Associate Justice 1877-1879 

Robert HI Marr, Associate Justice 1877-1880 

Edward D. White, Associate Justice 1879-1880 

Edward Bermudez, Chief Justice 1880-1892 

Felix P. Poche, Associate Justice 1880-1890 

Robert B. Todd, Associate Justice 1880-1888 

William M. Levy, Associate Justice 1880-1886 

Charles E. Fenner, Associate Justice 1880-1884 

Thomas Courtland Manning, Associate Justice 1882-1886 

Charles E. Fenner 1884-1896 

Lynn Boyd Watkins 1886-1898 

S. D. McEnery, to succeed E. B. Todd 1888-1900 

Joseph A. Breaux 1890-1902 

F. T. Nicholls, Chief Justice 1892-1904 

Chas. Parlange, to fill vacancy of C. E. Fenner 1884-1896 

H. C. Miller, vice Chas. Parlange 1884-1896 

H. C. Miller , 1896-1908 

Newton C. Blanchard, vice S. D. McEnery elected to United 

States Senate 1898-1900 

Lynn B. Watkins to succeed himself 1898-1910 



TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 333 

Frank Adair Monroe, vice H. C. Miller (deceased) 1896-1898 

Newton C. Blanchard to succeed himself 1900-1912 

O. O. Provosty, vice L. B. Watkins (deceased) 1898-1910 



JUDGES OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS. 

(Elected by the General Assembly under the Constitution of 1879.) 

Term of Office 

First Circuit— John C. Moncure 1880-1888 

A. B. George 1880-1884 

A. B. George 1884-1892 

E. W. Sutherlin 1892-1900 

Second Circuit— Oren Mayo (died in office) 1880-1888 

W. W. Farmer (resigned) 1880-1884 

Andrew A. Gunby, appointed, vice W. W. 

Farmer (resigned) 1881-1884 

Thomas P. Clinton, appointed, vice Oren 

Mayo (deceased) 1883-1888 

Andrew A. Gunby 1884-1892 

J. M. Kennedy 1892-1900 

Third Circuit— Joseph A. Moore . 1880-1888 

Alfred B. Irion 1880-1884 

John Clegg 1884-1892 

W. F. Blackman 1892-1900 

Fourth Circuit— Charles McVea (died in office) 1880-1888 

Samuel J. Powell 1880-1884 

Samuel J. Powell 1884-1892 

William Fergus Kernan, appointed, vice Judge 

McVea (deceased) 1886-1888 

J. M. Thompson 1892-1900 

Fifth Circuit— J. Richard Winchester (died in office) 1880-1888 

Adrien C. Dumartrait (died in office) 1880-1884 

Eugene W. W. Blake, appointed to succeed 

Judge Winchester 1880-1888 

Henry D. Smith, appointed to succeed Judge 

Dumartrait 1882-1884 

Henry D. Smith : 1884-1892 

Henry D. Smith 1892-1900 

R. T. Beauregard 1894-1904 



334 TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. 

COURT OF APPEALS— PARISH OF ORLEANS. 

(Elected by the General Assembly.) 

Term of Office 

Walter Henry Rogers (resigned) 1880-1883 

Frank McGloin 1880-1884 

Frank McGloin, re-elected 1884-1892 

Henry B. Kelley, elected by the General Assembly to fill the 

unexpired term of Judge Rogers 1884-1888 

R. N. Ogden 1892-1900 

Horace L. Dufour .1896-1904 



COURT OF APPEALS— PARISH OF ORLEANS. 

(Under Constitution of 1898.) 

Term of Office 

Horace L. Dufour of Orleans 1904 

Isaiah D. Moore of Orleans 1908 

R. T. Beauregard of St. Bernard 1904 



UNITED STATES AND STATE 
OFFICIALS. 




William McKinley 




Theodore Roosevelt 



UNITED STATES OFFICIALS. 



THE EXECUTIVE. 

*William McKinley, of Ohio, President of the United States, 

salary per annum $50,000 

Theodore Roosevelt, of New York, Vice-President, salary per 

annum . . . 8,000 

THE CABINET. 

John Hay, Secretary of State, Ohio. 

Leslie M. Shaw, Secretary of the Treasurer, Iowa. 

Elihu B. Root, Secretary of War, New York. 

John D. Long, Secretary of the Navy, Massachusetts. 

Nathan A. Hitchcock, Secretary of the Interior, Missouri. 

James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture, Iowa. 

Henry C. Payne, Postmaster General, Wisconsin. 

Philander C. Knox, Attorney General, Pennsylvania. 



THE JUDICIARY. 

Supreme Court of the United States — The court holds annual sessions 
at Washington, commencing on the second Monday in October. The 
annual salary of Chief Justice is $10,500, and of the Associate Justices 
$10,000. 

Chief Justice — Melville W. Fuller (Dem.), of Hlinois, appointed July 
20th, 1888. 

Associate Justices. 
Name Appointed from Time appointed 

John M. Harlan Kentucky 1887 

Horace Gray Massachusetts 1882 

David J. Brewer Kansas 1889 

Henry B. Brown Michigan 1890 

George Shiras, Jr Pennsylvania 1892 

Edward Douglas White Louisiana 1894 

Rufus W. Peckham New York 1896 

Joseph McKenna California 1898 

Clerk — James H. McKenney, District of Columbia, salary $6,000 

Marshal— J. M. Wright, Kentucky, salary $3,000 

Reporter— J. C. B. Davis, New York, salary $4,500 

* Assassinated at Buffalo, N.Y., September 14, 1801. 



342 UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 

Circuit Court of Appeals of the United States in and for the Fifth 
Judicial Circuit — Mr. Justice White. Districts of Northern Georgia, 
Southern Georgia, Northern Florida, Southern Florida, Northern Ala- 
bama, Middle Alabama, Southern Alabama, Northern Mississippi, South- 
ern Mississippi, Eastern Louisiana, Western Louisiana, Northern Texas, 
Eastern Texas and Western Texas. 

Time, place and term : Third Monday of November, at New Orleans. 

Circuit Judges — Don A. Pardee, of Atlanta, Ga.; David D. Shelby, 
of Huntsville, Ala.; A. P. McCormick, of Dallas, Texas. 

Cleric — Charles Lednum, of Dallas, Texas. 



United States Circuit Court, Fifth Circuit, Eastern District of Louisi- 
ana — Judges: Don A. Pardee, David D. Shelby, A. P. McCormack. 

Clerk — Henry J. Carter, of New Orleans. 

Time and place of holding court: At New Orleans, fourth Monday 
in April and first Monday in November. 



United States District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana — Judge : 
Charles Parlange, of New Orleans. 

Cleric — Frank H. Mortimer, of New Orleans. 

Time and place of holding court: At New Orleans, third Mondays 
in February, May and November; at Baton Rouge, second Monday in 
April and November. 



United States District Court, Western District of Louisiana — Judge : 
Aleck Boarman, Shreveport, La. 

Cleric — Walter Jackson, Shreveport, Louisiana. 

Time and place of holding court: At Opelousas, first Monday in 
January and June; at Alexandria, fourth Monday in January and June; 
at Shreveport, third Monday in February and October; at Monroe, first 
Monday in April and October. 



United States District Attorney, Eastern District — W. W. Howe. 

United States District Attorney, Western District — M. C. Elstner. 
United States Marshal, Eastern District — Charles Fontelieu. 
United States Marshal, Western District — Lemuel Gustine. 



UNITED STATES SENATORS FROM LOUISIANA. 

Samuel Douglas McEnery, of Ouachita: March 4, 1897-March 4, 
1903; March 4, 1903-March 4, 1909. 

Murphy James Foster, of St. Mary: March 4, 1901-March 4, 1907. 




JUSTICE E. D. WHITE. 



344 UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 
Term March 4, 1901-March 4, 1903. 
First Congressional District — Adolph Meyer, of Orleans. 
Second Congressional District — Robert C. Davey, of Orleans. 
Third Congressional District — Robert F. Broussard, of Iberia. 
Fourth Congressional District — Phanor Brazeale, of Natchitoches. 
Fifth Congressional District — Joseph E. Ransdell, of East Carroll. 
Sixth Congressional District — Samuel M. Robertson, of East Baton 
Rouge. 



UNITED STATES OFFICERS FOR LOUISIANA. 

(At Custom House, New Orleans.) 

A. T. Wimberly Collector of the Port. 

David G. Baldwin Postmaster. 

C. J. Bell. Assistant U. S. Treasurer. 

Frank N. Wicker U. S. Appraiser. 

Walter L. Cohen Reg. Land Office. 

C. P. Johnston Rec'r Land Office. 

Genl. Louis J. Souer Collr. Internal Revenue. 

F. W. Gibson Surveyor of the Port. 

James Lewis Surveyor Genl. Land Office. 

C. W. Boothby Supt. of U. S. Mint 

Dudley Coleman Melter and Refiner. 

Mayer Cahen , Coiner. 

W. M. Lynch Assayer. 

A . H. Glennon Surgeon Marine Hospital. 

John Day : Chief Ry. Mail Service. 

Patrick Looby Secret Service Agent. 

Win. H. Bourke U. S. Shipping Comr. 

T. Polk Johnson Special Agent Treasury Dept. 

John A. Colter Inspector of Steam Vessels. 

W. G. Boylan - Chief Weigher. 

Board of Pension Examining Surgeons — Dr. D. A. Lines, Dr. B. F. Tay- 
lor, Dr. J. T. Newman. 



State Government. 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 

Governor — William Wright Heard, Earmerville, Union Parish; 
salary, $5,000; furnished residence, etc. 

Private Secretary — Leon Jastremski, Baton Rouge, East Baton 
Parish; salary, $2,100. 

Lieutenant Governor — Albert Estop inal, St. Bernard, St. Bernard 
Parish ; salary, $1,500 and traveling expenses. 



DEPARTMENT OF STATE. 

Secretary of State — John T. Michel, New Orleans, Orleans Parish; 
salary, $1,800 and fees. 

Assistant Secretary of State (In charge of Insurance Department) — 
Eugene J. McGivney, New Orleans, Orleans Parish; salary, $1,500. 



TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 
State Treasurer — LeDoux E. Smith, Rapides Parish; salary, $2,000. 
Chief Clerk — W. N. McFarland, Farmerville, Union Parish. 



AUDITOR'S DEPARTMENT. 

State Auditor — W. W. Frazee, Opelousas, St. Landry Parish; salary, 
$2,500. 

Chief Clerk — Dudley L. Guilbeau, Opelousas, St. Landry Parish. 

State Fiscal Agents — New Orleans National Bank, Hibernia National 
Bank, Louisiana National Bank, at New Orleans; First National Bank 
and Bank of Baton Rouge, at Baton Rouge. 



DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. 
Attorney General — Walter Guion, Napoleonville, Assumption Parish; 
salary, $3,500. 

Assistant — Louis Guion, Napoleonville, Assumption Parish. 



DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. 

Superintendent of Public Education — Joseph V. Calhoun, New 
Orleans, Orleans Parish; salary, $2,000. 

Chief Cleric — Dupre Stanard, of Baton Rouge, East Baton Rouge 
Parish. 



MILITIA DEPARTMENT. 
Commander-in-Chief — Governor William Wright Heard. 
Adjutant General — Allen Jumel, St. Gabriel, Iberville Parish, ap- 
pointed by and holds office during pleasure of the Governor ; salary, $2,000. 
Chief Clerk— Albert Jumel, St. Gabriel, Iberville Parish. 



352 UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 

AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT. 

Commissioner of Agriculture — J. G. Lee, Calhoun, Ouachita Parish; 
salary, $2,500. 

Chief Clerk — N. S. Dougherty, of East Baton Rouge; salary, $1,500. 



STATE REGISTER OE THE LAND OFFICE. 

Register — J. M. Smith, Farmerville, Union Parish; salary, $1,500 
and fees. 

Chief Clerk— W. R. Rutland, Many, Sabine Parish; salary, $1,500. 



STATE LIBRARY. 

(At Tulane Hall, New Orleans.) 

Mrs. A. F. Phillips, of Orleans, Librarian. 

Miss Anna M. Beale, of East Baton Rouge, Asst. Librarian. 



STATE EXAMINER OF STATE BANKS AND EXAMINER OF 
HOMESTEAD, BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS. ' 
Office, New Orleans. 
F. G. Freret Orleans Parish 



STATE COAL AND COKE GUAGERS. 

Office, No. 327 Carondelet Street, New Orleans. 

Peter Farrell Orleans Parish 

Victor Mauberret Orleans Parish 



COMMISSIONER, STATISTICS OF LABOR 

Office, New Orleans. 
Thomas Harrison Commissioner 



INSPECTOR OF LIVE STOCK. 
Fernando Estopinal. Arabi, P. O., La. 



STATE ARMORER. 

Office, New Orleans. 
rank Lobrano New Orleans 



PUBLIC ADMINISTRATOR. 
Office, New Orleans. 
rank Zenoel New Orleans 



CUSTODIAN OF NOTARIAL RECORDS FOR THE PARISH OF 

ORLEANS. 

Office, City Hall, New Orleans. 

Peter Stifft • New Orleans 




GOV. W. W. HEABD. 




LIEUT. -GOV. ALBERT ESTOPINAL. 



360 UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 

JUDICIARY DEPARTMENT. 

SUPREME COURT. 

(Sessions held at New Orleans.) 
Francis T. Nicholls, Chief Justice; term expires April, 1904. 
Joseph A. Breaux, Associate Justice; term expires April, 1902. 
Newton C. Blanchard, Associate Justice; term expires April, 1912. 
Frank A. Monroe, Associate Justice; term expires April, 1908. 
O. O. Provosty, Associate Justice; term expires April, 1910. 
Clerk — Thomas McCabe Hyman, of New Orleans, Orleans Parish. 



CIVIL DISTRICT COURT. 
(Orleans Parish, Jackson Square.) 
Division "A," T. C. W. Ellis; term expires 1904. 
Division " B," Fred D. King; term expires 1904. 
Division " C," John St. Paul ; term expires 1912. 
Division " D," W. B. Sommerville ; term expires 1912. 
Division " E," George H. Theard; term expires 1912. 
Clerk — Thos. Connell ; term expires 1904. 



COURT OF APPEALS. 

(Sessions held at New Orleans.) 
Horace L. Dufour, Orleans ; term expires 1904. 
Isaiah D. Moore, Orleans; term expires 1908. 
Rene T. Bauregard, St. Bernard; term expires 1904. 
Clerk — Chas. H. Brownlee, Orleans Parish; term expires 1904. 



CIRCUIT COURT. 

(Terms expire 1904.) 
First Circuit — John C. Pugh, Shreveport, La. 
Second Circuit — E. C. Montgomery, Tallullah, La. 
Third Circuit — Julien Mouton, Lafayette, La. 
Fourth Circuit — W. W. Leake, Bayou Sara, La. 
(Fifth Circuit— H. D. Smith, Franklin, La. 



CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURT. 
(Orleans Parish, Court Building, Tulane Avenue.) 
Section "A," Joshua G. Baker; term expires 1904. 
Section " B," F. D. Chretien ; term expires 1912. 
Clerk — James A. Malloy; term expires 1904. 

District Attorney Orleans Parish — J. Ward Gurley; term expires 
1904. 

Assistants — S. A. Montgomery, J. H. Ferguson, Henry Mooney. 



UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 363 

FIRST CITY COURT (ORLEANS PARISH). 
Judges — Wynn Rogers (Judge Division A), R. H. Downing (Judge 
Division B), P. J. Patorno (Judge Division C). 
Clerk — Louis Brehm. 
Constable — Charles R. Kennedy. 



SECOND CITY COURT (ALGIERS). 
Judge — Thomas F. Maher. 
Clerk— Frank T. Gerard. 
Constable — Mark Amuedo. 



FIRST CITY CRIMINAL COURT. 
Judge— Thos. M. Gill, Jr. 
Chief Clerk — James Schillin. 



SECOND CITY CRIMINAL COURT. 
Judge — A. M. Aucoin. 
Chief Clerk — Charles A. Cuneo. 



OFFICERS, JUDICIAL DISTRICTS. 
First Judicial District, Parish of Caddo: 
Judge — A. D. Land, Shreveport, La. 
District Attorney — John R. Land, Shreveport, La. 



Second Judicial District, Parishes of Bossier and Webster: 
Judge — J. T. Watkins, Minden, La. 
District Attorney — T. T. Land, Benton, La. 



Third Judicial District, Parishes of Claiborne and Bienville : 
Judge — B. F. Edwards, Bienville, La. 
District Attorney — J. C. Theus, Arcadia, La. 



Fourth Judicial District, Parishes of Union and Lincoln : 
Judge — R. B. Dawkins, Farmerville, La. 
District Attorney — F. F. Preus, Farmerville, La. 



Fifth Judicial District, Parishes of Caldwell, Jackson and Winn : 
Judge — M. F. Machen, Winfleld, La. 
District Attorney — A. B. Hundley, Columbia, La. 



Sixth Judicial District, Parishes of Ouachita and Morehouse : 
Judge — L. E. Hall, Bastrop, La. 
District Attorney — J. P. Madison, Bastrop, La. 



Seventh Judicial District, Parishes of West Carroll and Richland 
Judge — W. J. Gray, Rayville, La. 
District Attorney — John R. Mcintosh, Floyd, La. 



364 UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 

Eighth Judicial District, Parishes of Franklin and Catahoula: 
Judge — D. N. Thompson, Harrisburg, La. 
District Attorney — L. A. Thompson, Winsboro, La. 



Ninth Judicial District, Parishes of Madison and East Carroll: 
Judge — P. X. Ransdell, Lake Providence, La. 
District Attorney — David M. Evans, Tallullah, La. 



Tenth Judicial District, Parishes of Concordia and Tensas : 
Judge — J. L. Dagg, Vidalia, La. 
District Attorney — Hugh L. Tullis, St. Joseph, La. 



Eleventh Judicial District, Parishes of Natchitoches and Bed River : 
(Judge — Charles V. Porter, Natchitoches, La. 
District Attorney — W. A. Wilkinson, Coushatta, La. 



Twelfth Judicial District, Parishes of DeSoto, Sabine and Vernon: 
Judge — J. B. Lee, Mansfield, La. 
District Attorney — A. L. Ponder, Many, La. 



Thirteenth Judicial District, Parishes of Bapides and Grant : 
Judge — W. F. Blackman, Alexandria, La. 
District Attorney — James Andrews, Alexandria, La. 



Fourteenth Judicial District, Parish of Avoylles: 
Judge — G. H. Couvillon, Marksville, La. 
District Attorney — J. W. Joffrion, Marksville, La. 



Fifteenth Judicial District, Parishes of Calcasieu and Cameron: 
'Judge — Edmond D. Miller, Lake Charles, La. 
District Attorney — Joseph Moore, Lake Charles, La. 



Sixteenth Judicial District, Parish of St. Landry: 
Judge — E. T. Lewis, Opelousas, La. 
District Attorney — B. Lee Garland, Opelousas, La. 



Seventeenth Judicial District, Parish of Vermilion: 
Judge — Minos T. Gordy, Jr., Abbeville, La. 
District Attorney — J. Nelson Green, Abbeville, La. 



Eighteenth Judicial District, Parishes of Acadia and Lafayette: 
Judge — C. DeBaillon, Lafayette, La. 
District Attorney — Wm. Campbell, Lafayette, La. 



Nineteenth Judicial Court, Parishes of Iberia and St. Martin : 
Judge — T. Don Foster, New Iberia, La. 
District Attorney — Anthony Muller. 



UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 365 

Twentieth Judicial District, Parishes of Terrebonne and Lafourche: 
Judge — L. P. Caillouet, Thibodaux, La. 
District Attorney — W. P. Martin, Thibodaux, La. 



Twenty-first Judicial District, Iberville, West Baton Kouge and Pointe 
Coupee : 

Judges — E. B. Talbot, of Plaquemine; L. B. Claiborne, New Roads, 
District Attorney — Albin Provosty, New Roads, La. 



Twenty-second Judicial District, Parish of East Baton Rouge: 
Judge — H. F. Brunot, Baton Rouge, La. 
District Attorney — George K. Favrot, Baton Rouge, La. 



Twenty-third Judicial District, Parish of St. Mary : 
Judge — A. C. Allen, Franklin, La. 

District Attorney — W. K. Wilson, Franklin, La. 



Twenty-fourth Judicial District, Parishes of East Feliciana and West 
Feliciana : 

Judge — Charles Kilbourne, Clinton, La. 
District Attorney — Robert C. Wicklifie, Bayou Sara, La. 



Twenty-fifth Judicial District, Parishes of St. Helena, Livingston and 
Tangipahoa : 

Judge — R. R. Reid, Amite City, La. 
District Attorney — Robert S. Ellis, Amite City, La. 



Twenty-sixth Judicial District, Parishes of Washington and St. Tam- 
many: 

Judge — James M. Thompson, Covington, La. 
District Attorney — Gordon W. Goodbee, Franklinton, La. 



Twenty-seventh Judicial District, Parishes of Ascension, St. James and 
Assumption : 

Judge — Paul Leche, Donaldsonville, La. 
District Attorney — G. A. Gondran, Donaldsonville, La. 



Twenty-eighth Judicial District, Parishes of St. John the Baptist, St. 
Charles and Jefferson: 
Judge — J. L. Gaudet, Edgard, La. 
District Attorney — Robert J. Perkins, Gretna, La. 



Twenty-ninth Judicial District, Parishes of St. Bernard and Plaque- 
mines : 

Judge — Robert Hingle, Pointe a la Hache, La. 
District Attorney — Albert Estopinal, Jr., St. Bernard La. 



366 



UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 



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UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 369 

STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE SENATE. 

JUDICIARY. 

1, W. M. Murphy, chairman; 2, T. C. Barret; 3, Hugh C. Cage; 4, 
Thomas H. Thorpe; 5, George W. Flynn; 6, J. T. Boone; 7, P. M. Lam- 
bremont; 8, Lastie Broussard; 9, H. II. Russell; 10, L. D. Beale; 11, 
J. T. Wallace. 

FINANCE. 

1, T. C. Barret, chairman ; 2, T. J. Labbe ; 3, John Dymond ; 4, Wil- 
liam H. Price; 5, George W. Flynn; 6, C. C. Cordill; 7, Hugh C. Cage; 
8, E. S. Maunsell; 9, L. D. Beale; 10. J. T. Boone. 

ENROLLMENT. 

1, J. S. Settoon, chairman; 2, C. C. Cordill; 3, R. E. Thompson; 4, 
O. I. McLellan; 5, J. J. Thompson. 

AUDITING AND SUPERVISING EXPENSES OF THE SENATE. 

1, , Chairman; 2, Frederick Wilbert; 3, J. J. Thomp- 
son; 4, W. H. Price; 5, W. M. Murphy. 

ELECTIONS, QUALIFICATIONS, REGISTRATION AND CONSTITUTION. 

1, T. H. Thorpe, Chairman; 2, C. J. Ducote; 3, J. S. Brady; 4, Ferd. 
Dudenhefer; 5, J. T. Wallace; 6, C. V. Vignes; 7, L. Broussard; 8, R. E. 
Thompson; 9, C. K. Lewis; 10, H. Barousse; 11, H. C. Drew; 12, T. B. 
Gilbert, Jr. ; 13, J. S. Settoon. 

FEDERAL RELATIONS. 

1, P. M. Lambremont, Chairman; 2, L. Caspari ; 3, Homer Barousse; 
4, E. E. Smart; 5, R. E. Lee. 

AGRICULTURE, COMMERCE AND LEVEES. 

1, C. C. Cordill, Chairman; 2, Frederick Wilbert; 3, A. J. Bonvillain; 
4, J. S. Brady; 5, William H. Price; 6, P. M. Lambremont; 7, Jno. 
Dymond; 8, Samuel Alston; 9, W. M. Murphy; 10, E. S. Dortch; 11, 
T. C. Barret; 12, T. J. Labbe; 13, H. H. Russell. 

CORPORATIONS, PAROCHIAL AND MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS. 

1, John Dymond, Chairman; 2, C. V. Vignes; 3, F. Dudenhefer; 
4, T. B. Gilbert, Jr.; 5, C. K. Lewis; 6, R. E. Lee; 7, E. S. Dortch; 8, 

11. C. Drew; 9, A. O. Clark; 10, Lastie Broussard; 11, H. II. Russell; 

12, Samuel Alston; 13, L. Caspari. 

RULES. 

1, T. B. Gilbert, Jr., Chairman; 2, W. M. Murphy; 3, George W. 
Flynn; 4, J. J. Thompson; 5, H. C. Drew. 



370 UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 

NEW BASIN CANAL AND SHELL ROAD. 

1, E. E. Lee, Chairman; 2, C. S. E. Babington; 3, O. I. McLellan; 
4, J. S. Settoon; 5, J. S. Brady; 6, H. C. Cage; 7, F. Dudenhefer. 

MILITIA. 

1, O. I. McLellan, Chairman; 2, C. K. Lewis; 3, J. S, Settoon; 4, 
A. J. Bonvillain; 5, J. J. Thompson. 

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS, PARKS AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

1, E. S. Maunsell, Chairman; 2, W. C. Davis; 3, H. Barousse; 4, E. 
E. Smart; 5, C. S. E. Babington. 

HEALTH, QUARANTINE, DRAINAGE AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 

1, C. J. Ducote, Chairman; 2, J. Labbe; 3, A. 0. Clark; 4, C. D. 
Vignes; 5, E. E. Smart; 6, E. S. Dortch; 7, C. S. E. Babington; 8, E. S. 
Maunsell. 

LIBRARY. 

1, Frederick Wilbert, Chairman; 2, B. E. Thompson; 3, J. T. Wal- 
lace; 4, A. O. Clark; 5, J. T. Boone. 

RAILROADS. 

1, George W. Flynn, Chairman; 2, A. J. Bonvillain; 3, L. Caspari; 
4, C. S. E. Babington; 5, W. C. Davis; 6, Lastie Broussard; 7, K. E. 
Thompson; 8, Frederick Wilbert; 9, A. O. Clark. 

CAPITAL AND LABOR. 

(1, J. T. Boone, Chairman; 2, H. C. Drew; 3, Thomas H. Thorpe; 

4, James S. Brady; 5, Homer Barousse. 

EDUCATION. 

1, L. D. Beale, Chairman; 2, C. K. Lewis; 3, Samuel Alston; 4, A. 
J. Bonvillain; 5, P. M. Lambremont; 6, L. Caspari; 7, T. C. Barret; 
8, C. J. Ducote; 9, T. B. Gilbert, Jr. 

CITY OF NEW ORLEANS. 

1, H. C. Cage, Chairman; 2, Geo. W. Flynn; 3, Eobt. E. Lee; 4, 0. 
I. McLellan; 5, Samuel Alston; 6, T. H. Thorpe; 7, C. V. Vignes; 8, E. 

5. Maunsell; 9, Ferd. Dudenhefer. 

PENITENTIARY. 

1, W. H. Price, Chairman; 2, ; 3, H. C. Cage; 4, C. J. Labbe: 

5, C. C. Cordill; 6, L. D. Beale; 7, W. C. Davis. 

PRINTING. 

1, J. T. Wallace, Chairman; 2, John Dymond; 3, W. C. Davis; 4, 
H. H. Eussell; 5, E. E. Smart.* 



UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 



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376 UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 

STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE OF REPBESENTA- 

TIVES. 

RULES. 

Speaker Sanders, ex-ofhcio chairman; Henry, Wade, Trezevant, of 
Caddo; Barrett, Ware, Sellers, Hyams, Dupre. 

ELECTION AND QUALIFICATIONS OF MEMBERS. 

Wilson, of Tangipahoa; Sanders, of Bossier; Young, Madden, Ken- 
nedy, Andrepont, Wimberly, of Bienville; Krumpleman, Delaune. 

WAYS AND MEANS. 

Trezevant, of Caddo; LeBlanc, of Assumption; Cordill, Ware, of 
Iberville; Barrett, Montgomery, Domengeaux, O'Connor, Leclere, Wil- 
son, of Catahoula; Marrero; Wilson, of Tangpahoa; Wade, Gill, Ander- 
son. 

APPROPRIATIONS. 

Ware, of Iberville; Henry, Pearce, Smart, Johnson, Barton, Cade, 
Dougherty, Breslin, Croom, Brannon. 

JUDICIARY SECTION A. 

Marks, Charbonnet, Foster, Hewes, Percy, Fayssoux, Burke, Reilly, 
Morrow, Dale, Henriques. 

JUDICIARY — SECTION B. 

Ware, of Caldwell; Carruth, Dupre, Pearce, Wilson, of Catahoula; 
Gill, Marrero, Friedrichs, O'Connor, Pugh, Wimberly, of Bienville. 

PUBLIC EDUCATION. 

Wade, Dupre, Hyams, Gill, Smith, Jacobs, Bullion, Wilson, of Cata- 
houla; Morrow, Montgomery, Evans, Story, . 

PUBLIC WORKS, LANDS AND LEVEES. 

Braud, Amacker, Casey, Montgomery, Burke, Cordill, Leopold, 
Hyams, Percy, Didier, Newton, Mcllhenny, Hewes, Dunshie, Dessauer. 

PAROCHIAL AFFAIRS. 

Dougherty, Croom, Brannon, Dale, Hewes, Lea, Vincent, Bass, Casey, 
Wimberly, of Ked Biver; Lacaze, Chandler, McClenaghan. 

ENROLLMENT. 

LeBlanc, of Vermilion ; Amacker, Smith, Angelloz, Haggerty, Young, 
Jacobs. 

RAILROADS. 

Cordill, Steidley, Fredericks, Foster, Charbonnet, Caldwell, of Natch- 



UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 377 

itoches; Didier, Wilson, of Tangipahoa; Johnson, Bonvillain, Yentre3S, 
LeBlaric, of Vermilion. 

CORPORATIONS. 

Henry, Irwin, Balfour, Picard, Cade, Dessauer, Kenny, Chandler, 
Dunshie, Clayton, Thorn, Polk, Caldwell, of Natchitoches. 

BANKS AND BANKING. 

O'Connor, Lancaster, Anders, Marks, Wimberly, of Bienville; Reilly, 
Krumpleman, Polk, Kenner. 

CLAIMS. 

Sellers, Williams, Bullion, Marble, Bernhardt, Pearce, Mcllhenny, 
Trezevant, of West Carroll; Picard, Pugh, . 

PRINTING. 

Steidley, Hyams, Miller, Wilson, of Catahoula ; Irwin, Clayton, Durio, 
Wade, Lacaze. 

PENITENTIARY. 

Barton, Steidley, Smith, Sellers, Lea, Dougherty, Anders. 



State Boards and Commissions 



BOARD OF LIQUIDATION— STATE DEBT. 

Office, Baton Rouge, La. 

Governor William Wright Heard Ex-Officio President 

State Auditor W. S. Frazee Secretary 

Members : 

Albert Estopinal . . . .1 , Lieutenant-Governor 

Ledoux E. Smith 1 Treasurer 

John T. Michel. Secretary of State 

Jared Y. Sanders 1 Speaker of the House 

S. P. Walmsley President of the Cotton Exchange 



BOARD OF AUDIT AND EXCHANGE. 

Baton Rouge, La. 

Governor W. W. Heard President 

Geo. K Spyker '. . . ; Secretary 

Members : 

Albert Estopinal .Lieutenant-Governor 

W. S. Frazee Auditor 

Ledoux E. Smith Treasurer 

Walter Guion Attorney General 

John T. Michel Secretary of State 



RAILWAY COMMISSION. 

Office, Baton Rouge, La. 

C. L. De Fuentes President 

W. M. Barrow Secretary 

Commissioners : 

C L. DeFuentes First District, Orleans 

Overton Cade Second District, Lafayette 

W. L. Foster , .....! Third District, Caddo 



UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 379 

STATE BOARD OF APPRAISERS OF RAILWAY, TELEGRAPH, 

TELEPHONE, SLEEPING CAR AND EXPRESS 

BUSINESS. 

Office, Baton Rouge, La. 

W. S. Frazee. President 

W. N. McFarland i Secretary 

Members : 

W. S. Frazee, Auditor ... . . .Ex-Officio, Baton Rouge 

L. R. Garcia .First District, New Orleans 

*Daniel Owens Second District, Orleans 

Geo. M. Robertson Third District, Iberia 

M. H. Carver Fourth District, Natchitoches 

G. C. Goldman Fifth District, Goldman 

Thomas F. Butler Sixth District, St. Francisville 



BOARD OF PENSION COMMISSIONERS. 

Office, Baton Rouge. 

Gen. J. A. Chalaron President 

Capt. E. F. Brian Secretary 

Members of Board: 

Gen. J. A. Chalaron. Orleans 

Judge J. C. Moncure , . .Caddo 

Capt. D. T. Merrick. Pointe Coupee 

Allen Jumel ..- Adjutant General, Ex-Officio 

W. S. Frazee State Auditor, Ex-Officio 



STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
Office, New Orleans. 

Dr. Edmond Souchon, of Orleans President 

Dr. T. C. Egan, of Shreveport Vice-President 

Dr. G. Farrar Patton, of Orleans Secretary 

Dr. John B. Thomas, of East Baton Rouge. ..... .Quarantine Physician 

Dr. S. S. Gill, of Orleans Shipping Inspector 

Dr. P. E, Archinard, of Orleans Bacteriologist 

Col. F. C. Zacharie, of Orleans Attorney 

♦Deceased. 



380 UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 



Members : 



Dr. Edmond Souchon .< Orleans 

Dr. T. C. Egan Shreveport 

Dr. T. T. Tarlton , Grand Coteau 

Dr. P. B. McCutcheon. New Orleans 

Dr.W. Glendower Owen White Castle 

Dr. J. S. Stephens Natchitoches 

Dr. Arthur Nolte New Orleans 



STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION. 

Members State Board of Education: 

Hon. W. W. Heard, Governor Baton Rouge, La. 

Hon. Walter Guion, Attorney General New Orleans, La. 

Hon. J. V. Calhoun, Supt. Public Education Baton Rouge, La. 

A. E. Hotard, First District Algiers, La. 

Maurice Stern, Second District New Orleans, La. 

F. W. Nichols, Third District Thibodaux, La. 

D. C. Scarborough, Fourth District Natchitoches, La. 

E. H. McClendon, Fifth District Homer, La. 

Thomas H. Lewis, Sixth District Opelousas, La. 

Officers of Board: 

Hon. W. W. Heard, Governor. President, Baton Rouge, La. 

Hon. J. V. Calhoun Ex-Officio Secretary, Baton Rouge, La. 

J. D. Stannard Assistant Secretary, Baton Rouge, La. 

Place of Meeting, State Capitol, Baton Rouge, La. 



STATE BOARD OF ENGINEERS. 

Office, Cotton Exchange Building, New Orleans. 

H. B. Richardson Chief Engineer 

Walter H. Hoffman Secretary 

Members of Board: 

H. B. Richardson, Sidney Lewis, 

Frank M. Kerr, Arsene Perrilliat, 

Marshall P. Robertson. 



UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 381 

LOUISIANA STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE AND IMMI- 
GRATION. 

Office, Baton Rouge, La. 

Gov. W. W. Heard President 

N. S. Dougherty Secretary 

Members of Board. 

J. G. Lee Commissioner of Agriculture 

John Dymond Plaquemines 

Emile Rost St. Charles 

A. V. Eastman Calcasieu 

Charles Schuler. . . . DeSoto 

E. T. Sellers Union 

H. P. McClendon Tangipahoa 

Gov. W. W. Heard, Governor of the State Ex-Officio 

WiLLLOf Garig, Vice-President L. S. U Ex-Officio 

Thos. D. Boyd, President L. S. U Ex-Officio 

W. C. Stubbs, Director of the Experiment Station Ex-Officio 



STATE BOARD OF MEDICAL EXAMINERS (ALLOPATH.) 

Office, New Orleans. 

Dr. A. E. Barrow , President 

Dr. J. D. Trahan Vice- President 

Dr. A. F. Larue Secretary and Treasurer 

Members : 

Dr. F. A. Larue 

Dr. A. F. Barrow. Bayou Sara, La. 

Dr. J. D. Trahan Lafayette, La. 

Dr. F. M. Thornhill < Arcadia, La. 



STATE BOARD OF MEDICAL EXAMINERS (HOMEOPATHY.) 

Office, 919 St. Charles Street, New Orleans. 

Dr. C. R. Mayer President 

Dr. Gayle Aiken Secretary 

Members of the Board. 

Dr. Gayle Aiken . New Orleans 

Dr. J. W. Belden New Orleans 

Dr. C. R. Mayer New Orleans 

Dr. T. J. Crebbin New Orleans 

Dr. W. D. Norwood Shreveport 



382 UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 

STATE BOAED OF DENTAL EXAMINERS. 

Office, New Orleans. 

Dr. John E. Woodward. . . .> President, New Orleans 

-L. A. Hubert Attorney and Secretary 

Members of Board: 

Dr. John E. Woodward New Orleans 

Dr. Geo. A. Colomb. . . . New Orleans 

Dr. J. S. Couret New Orleans 

Dr. R. M. Zelinka .Houma 

Dr. A. S. Johnson Monroe 



STATE BOARD OF PHARMACY. 

Office, New Orleans. 

P. L. Viallon , President 

E. C. Godbold • • Secretary 

Members of the Board. 
E. N. Roth, W. T. Taylor, 

Paul Fleming, Max Samson, 

William Fleming, G. S. Brown, 

William M. Levy, M. Bernstein. 



STATE BOARD OF ARBITRATION AND CONCILIATION. 

Office, Cotton Exchange Building, New Orleans. 

*Col. J. M. Foster President 

James Leonard .» .Secretary 

Members of Board. 

Col. J. M. Foster, Henry G. Hester, 

James Leonard, * James Shaw. 



DIRECTORS OF THE CITIZENS' BANK OF LOUISIANA. 

On Part of State: 

Horace U. Beach, E. T. Merrick, Jr., 

Edward Gauche, Chas. J. Theard, 

Aristides Hopkins. 



♦Deceased. 



UNITED STATES AND STATE 0FFICIAL3. 

BOARD OF EXAMINERS, BAR PILOTS. 
Office, Hennen Building, New Orleans. 
Thomas Craig, J. J. Williams. 



STATE BOARD OF ASSESSORS FOR THE PARISH OF 

ORLEANS. 

Office, City Hall, New Orleans. 

Martin Behrman President 

C. Taylor Gauche Yice-PresideDt 

Geo. Dawkins Secretary 

Horace P. Phillips Assistant Secretary 

C. Taylor Gauche First District 

Alex. Pujol / Second District 

Joseph Hirn Third District 

Samuel Alston , Fourth District 

Martin Behrman Fifth District 

Henry Puderer Sixth District, 

O. A. Trezevant Seventh District 



HOTEL ROYAL COMMISSION. 

(Act No. 142 of 1898.) 

Gov. W. W. Heard President 

Secretary of State John T. Michel Secretary 

Members of Commission: 

W. W. Heard Governor 

John T. Michel ■ Secretary of State 

W. S. Frazee Auditor 

Walter Guion Attorney General 

Wm. Murphy On behalf of the Senate 

Samuel Alston .On behalf of the Senate 

W. McL. Fassoux On behalf of the House 

N. S. Dougherty On behalf of the House 

Chas. B. Stroudback On behalf of the House 



BOARD OF PORT COMMISSIONERS FOR THE PORT OF NEW 

ORLEANS. 

Office, 331 Carondelet Street, New Orleans. 

Hugh McCloskey President 

Col. B. M. King Vice-President 

Wdlliam A. Kernaghan Secretary 

W. H. Byrnes, vice Sidney H. March, resigned. 
A. Dumser, vice J. T. Henderson, term expired. 



384 UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 

NEW BASIN CANAL AND SHELL ROAD. 

Office, New Basin Canal and Eranklin Street, New Orleans. 

Frank M. Breedlove President 

Jas. H. Murphy, of St. Tammany Secretary 

Walter C. Murphy, of New Orleans Superintendent 

Members of Board of Control: 

Frank M. Breedlove, New Orleans, vice L. A. Graham, term 
expired. 

P. E. St. Martin, New Orleans, vice N. S. Hoskins, term expired. 

John B. Honor, New Orleans, vice Henry B. Schrieber, term expired. 

O. A. Bullion, Ascension 

T. M. Akers Tangipahoa 

STATE CONTEST BOARD OE ELECTIONS. 

Office, Baton* Rouge. 

John T. Michel Secretary of State 

W. S. Erazee State Auditor 

Ledoux E. Smith State Treasurer 

(Two vacancies.) 



ATCHAEALATA BASIN LEVEE BOARD. 
Office, Port Allen. 

Andrew H. Gay President 

A. D. Barrow < Secretary 

Members of Board : 

*Thomas G. Sparks Pointe Coupee Parish 

Joseph Torras Ascension Parish 

Victor M. Lefebvre West Baton Rouere Parish 

Andrew H. Gay Iberville Parish 

Honore Dugas Assumption Parish 

Thomas Beary Lafourche Parish 

Jos. A. Provost Iberia Parish 

BOSSIER LEVEE BOARD. 

Bossier Levee District. Office, Benton, La. 

J. W. Jeter President 

T. N. Braden ....(.., Secretary 

Members of Board of Commissioners: 
G. A. E. Poole. W. D. Mercer. 

A. Caplis. J. W. Jeter. 

W. T. Colquit. T. W. W. Sttnson. 

A* J. Moss. 

♦Deceased. 



UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 385 

BURAS LEVEE BOARD. 

Office, Buras, La. 

Geo. Schoenberger '. . .President 

J. B. Fasterling Secretary 

Members of Board: 

Geo. Schoenberger. J. L. Buras. 

W. S. Keddick. Frank Giordano. 

Henry Kamlah. 



CADDO LEVEE DISTRICT. 

Office, Shreveport, La. 

W. F. Taylor President 

S. N. Kerley Secretary 

Members of Board of Commissioners: 

W. F. Taylor. Wm. V. Robson. 

John Glassell. C W. Lane. 

John M. Robertson. John Sentell. 

E. M. Smith. 



GRAND PRAIRIE LEVEE DISTRICT. 

Office, Pointe-a-la-Hache. 

I. L. Haspel President 

M. D. Haspel Secretary 

Members of Board of Commissioners: 

Thomas Brophy, Isaac L. Haspel, 

Henry H. Baker, John Burton, 

Marcus Waltzer. 



LAKE BORGNE BASIN LEVEE BOARD. 

Lake Borgne Levee District. Office, 339 Carondelet street, New Orleans. 

John Dymond President 

N. C. Nunez Secretary 

Members of Board of Commissioners: 

John Dymond, Benito Ojeda, 

Harry McCall, Jr. 



386 UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 

LAFOURCHE BASIN LEVEE BOARD. 

Lafourche Basin Levee District. Office, Cotton Exchange Building, 

New Orleans. 

Victor Maurin President 

W. J. McCune .1 Secretary 

Members of Board of Commissioners: 

V. Maurin • • Ascension Parish 

E. L. Monnot Assumption Parish 

Thomas D. Kent Lafourche Parish 

James R. Tucker St. James Parish 

Victor Berthelot St. John Parish 

Thomas Sellers St. Charles Parish 

Roselius Perez Plaquemines Parish 

James S. Brady Jefferson Parish 

J. D. Willis Eor the Railroads 



ORLEANS LEVEE BOARD. 

Office 395 St. Charles Street, New Orleans. 

Otto Thoman President 

T. J. Duggan Secretary 

Members of Board of Commissioners Orleans Levee District. 

Jules Koenig First District 

J. L. Adam . . Second District 

Peter Elizardi Third District 

W. McL. Fayssoux Fourth District 

Manuel Abascal - . i Fifth District 

Charles T. Yenni Seventh District 

Ex- Officio Members: 

Hon. Paul Capdevielle Mayor of New Orleans 

Hon. Thos. J. Moulin . . . Commissioner of Public Works of New Orleans 
W. J. Hardee City Engineer New Orleans 



RED RIVER, ATCHAFALAYA AND BAYOU BOEUF LEVEE 

BOARD, 

Office, Alexandria, La. 

J. Q. White President 

J. R. Thornton , Secretary 

Members of Board: 

J. G. White Rapides Parish 

Harry Perkins Avoyelles Parish 

E. G. Richards .' St. Landry Parish 



UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 387 

PONTCHARTRAIN LEVEE DISTKICT. 

Office, Convent, La. 

Hunter C. Leake President 

P. M. Lambremont Secretary 

Members of Board of Commissioners: 

Hunter C. Leake For I. C. R. R Co. 

T. J. Kernan For Y. and M. V. R. R. Co. 

Samuel Giannelloni East Baton Rouge Parish 

Simon LeBlanc Iberville Parish 

W. P. Miles, Jr Ascension Parish 

Emile Bourgeois St. James Parish 

L. Montegut, Jr , St. John Parish 

M. Songey St. Charles Parish 

Lucien Soniat Jefferson Parish 



TENSAS BASIN LEVEE BOARD. 

Tensas Basin Levee District. Office, Rayville, La. 

W. T. Barham President 

H. R. Speed • >. .Secretary 

Members of Board of Commissioners: 

John T. Cole Ouachita Parish 

E. M. Hicks ., Franklin Paiish 

W. H. Holloman Catahoula Parish 

J. Q. Graves Caldwell Parish 

R. M. Shillings West Carroll Parish 

Jno. A. Hemler Raceland Parish 

W. T. Barham Morehouse Parish 



FIFTH LOUISIANA LEVEE BOARD. 

Office at Tallulah, La. 
J. T. McLellan President 

A. T. Lane Secretary 

Members of Board of Commissioners: 

J. T. McLellan Madison Parish 

W. H. Ward Madison Parish 

B. B. Parham Concordia Parish 

J. H. Lambdin Concordia Parish 

E. J. Hamley. :..> , East Carroll Parish 

M. H. Benjamin , East Carroll Parish 

C. C. Cordill Tensas Parish 

G. C. Goldman Tensas Parish 



388 UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 

FAUSSE POINT DRAINAGE DISTRICT. 
Commissioners : 
J. D. Rose. J. D. Dauterive. 

FIRST DRAINAGE DISTRICT— PARISH OF IBERVILLE. 

Commissioners : 
P. IT. Beau. F. Falcon. 

GUEYDAN DRAINAGE DISTRICT. 

Office, Gueydan, Vermilion Parish. 
Commissioners : 
John W. Meyers. Frank M. Hasson. 

IBERIA AND ST. MARY DRAINAGE DISTRICT. 

Office, Jeanerette, La. 

A. L. Monnot President 

A. Schexnayder Secretary 

Commissioners : 

A. L. Monnot Iberia Parish 

J. C. Murphy St. Mary Parish 

J. C. Acres Iberia Parish 

L. A. Moresi Iberia Parish 

Charles A. Poirson Iberia Parish 

NEW IBERIA AND BAYOU CARLIN DRAINAGE DISTRICT. 

Office, New Iberia, La. 
Commissioners : 
E. J. Carstens. M. E. Satterfield. 

SECOND DRAINAGE DISTRICT— PARISH OF ST. BERNARD. 
Office St. Bernard Parish. 
Commissioners : 
Jules H. Brou. B. J. Lauga. 



UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICIALS. 389 

BAYOU CONWAY DRAINAGE DISTRICT. 

Office, Ascension Parish. 

Commissioners : 
H. E. Spurgeon. Dr. W. P. Miles. 



BELLE PLACE DRAINAGE DISTRICT. 

Commissioners : 
Jules Monnot. A. 0. Broussard. 



ST. MARTIN, IBERIA AND POINT CLARE DRAINAGE 

DISTRICT. 

Parishes, St. Martin and Iberia. 

Commissioners : 
A. O. Provost. Lucien Oure. 

Albert P. Reseveber. U. Landry. 



THIRD DRAINAGE DISTRICT— PARISH OF ASSUMPTION. 

Commissioners : 
A. D. Blanchard. C. P. Simoneaux. 



THIRD LAFOURCHE DRAINAGE DISTRICT. 

Commissioners : 
Wilson Lepine. Edward Caillouet. 



Roster of Parish Officers 

AND 

LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS AND POPULATIONS. 



ACADIA. 



634 square miles; incorporated in 1886; population 23,483; seat of 
justice Crowley. 

R. T. Clark Clerk of District Court 

J. L. Murrell i Sheriff 

F. R. Martin Coroner 

Welman Bradford Surveyor 

A. C. Lormand Tax Assessor 

Police Jurors — First Ward: F. J. Bernard; Second Ward: B. E. 
Clark; Third Ward: Homer David, F. J. Klein; Fourth Ward: G. E. 
Brooks; Fifth Ward: Joseph Flash, W. M. Hoyt; Sixth Ward: J. M. 
Crabtree, W. L. Carver, James F. Elder. 

Justices of the Peace— First Ward: E. O. Brunner, Gaston 
Servat; Second Ward: L. L. Clark; Third Ward: H. D. McBride; 
Fourth Ward: Louis Cart; Fifth Ward: J. P. Hoyt, Alcee Henry; Sixth 
Ward: J. M. A. Francois; Seventh Ward: J. J. Robira, P. J. Pavy; 
Eighth Ward: S. W. Steen. 

Constables — First Ward: Moise Arcenaux, Howard Andrews; 
Second Ward: Branch H. Hayes; Third Ward: Theogene Daigle; 
Fourth Ward: Arthur Lavergne; Fifth Ward: Ben Broussard, Olivier 
Richard; Sixth Ward: Joe McGee; Seventh Ward: Clebert Simon, Geo. 
Freeman; Eighth Ward: Eugene Meche. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, Jos. H. Lumpkina, 
E. O. Brunner, Chas. F. Mathews, Alcee Henry, Edw. N. Pugh. 

Crowley, population ; Church Point, 278; Rayne, 1007; 

Eunice, 316. 

President Parish Board of Education, J. H. Hunter, Rayne. 

Superintendent Parish Board of Education, J. E .Barry, Crowley. 

ASCENSION. 

373 square miles; incorporated in 1807; population 24,142; seat of 
justice, Donaldsonville. 

James S. Barman Clerk of District Court 

J. F. Fernandez ! Chief Deputy Clerk 



PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 393 

Sam. H. St. Martin Sheriff 

Dr. E. K. Sims Coroner 

Jos. St. Armant Tax Assessor 

R. J. Chauvin . Attorney to assist Tax Collector 

Police Jurors — First Ward: John W. Tucker; Second Ward: J. M. 
Ourso; Third Ward: J. Ramsey Duke; Fourth Ward: Joseph Maurin; 
Fifth Ward: L. W. Armatage; Sixth Ward: J. C. Klos; Seventh Ward: 
J. A. Gonzales; Eighth Ward: W. A. Sibley. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: D. B. Allen; Second Ward: 
H. C. Robinson; Third Ward: Joseph Corbo; Fourth Ward: Edmond 
Maurin, David Israel; Fifth Ward: J. R. Landry; Sixth Ward: Chas. 
Madere; Seventh Ward: C. D. Gondran; Eighth Ward: W. W. Dixon; 
Ninth Ward: J. M. Lusk; Tenth Ward: A. D. Carpenter, Aurelius White. 

Constables — First Ward: Arthur Joseph; Second Ward: Adam 
Dupre; Third Ward: P. M. Ayrand; Fourth Ward: J. McCray, Y. C. 
Cantrelle; Fifth Ward: I. Murray; Sixth Ward: Jno. Brown; Seventh 
Ward: Thos. Mitchell; Eighth Ward: M. Puffin; Ninth Ward: R. Gaut- 
reaux; Tenth Ward: W. M. Fife, H. D. Carpenter. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, Frederick 
Landry, R. McCullough, Dan'l. H. Dyer, Edw. N. Pugh, Jr., C. C. 
Weber, W. J. Bomar, R. N. Sims, W. Lemann. 

Donaldsonville, population 4,105. 

President Parish Board of Education, A. D. Vega, Sr., Donaldson- 
ville. 

Superintendent Parish Board of Education, R. McCulloch, Donald- 
sonville. 

ASSUMPTION. 

327 square miles; incorporated 1807; population 21,620; seat of 
justice, Napoleonville. 

Oscar Dugas Clerk of District Court 

Charles L. Trische Sheriff 

Dr. A. J. Himel Coroner 

■ . . . . Surveyor 

Edgard Aucoin Tax Assessor 

F. H. Tete Attorney to assist Tax Collector 

Police Jurors — First Ward: L. B. Landry; Second Ward: E. 
Guillot; Third Ward: Theo. Delaunne; Fourth Ward: L. Himel; Fifth 
Ward: Dr. P. H. Dansereaux; Sixth Ward: L. Lemmel; Seventh Ward: 
A. Trahan; Eighth Ward: P. E. Landry. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: S. A. Truxillo; Second Ward: 
M. Cazere; Third Ward: J. T. Gourges; Fourth Ward: L. D. Badeaux; 
Fifth Ward: L. Francioni; Sixth Ward: H. J. Verret, J. M. Bourgeois, 



394 PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 

E. Gianelloni; Seventh Ward: C. J. Lafitte; Eighth Ward: A. Daigle; 
Ninth Ward: P. F. V. Labarre. 

Constables— First Ward: A. Vegas; Second Ward: L. Verret; 
Third Ward: E. Tremin; Fourth Ward: A. A. Badeaux; Fifth Ward: 
A. Bourg; Sixth Ward: 0. P. Landry, W. P. Thibodeaux; Seventh Ward: 
A. Blanchard; Eighth Ward: L. Alonzo. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, J". L. Francioni. 

Napoleonville, population 945. 

President Parish Board of Education, E. L. Monnot, Bertie. 

Superintendent Parish Board of Education, John Marks, Napoleon- 
ville. 

AVOYELLES. 

843 square miles; incorporated 1807; population 29,701; seat of 
justice, Marks ville. 

E. A. Plauche Clerk of the District Court 

A. V. Saucier . 4 ■ Sheriff 

Dr. A. Leigh Coroner 

■ ■ Surveyor 

I. C. Johnson , , Tax Assessor 

Police Jurors — First Ward: E. Sayes; Second Ward: R. J. John- 
son; Third Ward: P. Mayeaux; Fourth Ward: J. Supper; Fifth Ward: 
C. Kaloue; Sixth Ward: E. E. Firmmer; Seventh Ward: A. J. Nor- • 
wood; Eighth Ward: J. B. Jeansomme, O. Mayeaux; Ninth Ward: 
M. M. Bordelon; Tenth Ward: H. B. Irion. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: P. W. Paul; Second Ward: 
J. U. Chaze, E. F. Bordelon; Third Ward: B. Ingoof; EC. Rabalais: 
Fourth Ward: H. Bordelon; Fifth Ward: Chas. Goudeau; Sixth Ward: 
L. F. Bordelon; Seventh Ward: B. J. Carbo; Eighth Ward: R. Dufour, 
T. E. Jeansomme; Ninth Ward: T. J. Milligan, H. E. Haley; Tenth 
Ward: M. Glaze, J. T. Rhodes. 

Constables — First Ward: L. A. Felsenthal; Second Ward: W. H. 
Robert, W. Laborde; Third Ward: J. L. Chatelin, T. A. Bartel; Fourth 
Ward: G. Descant; Fifth Ward: L. P. Terry; Sixth Ward: T. A. 
Bordelon; Seventh Ward: F. M. Morgan; Eighth Ward: H. H. Marcotte, 
0. Lacour; Ninth Ward: J. F. DeSoto, E. Fisher; Tenth Ward: D. R. 
Bettison. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, A. H. Normand, 
Jos. E. Haley, L. J. Ducote, P. M. Fuqua, C. P. Courvillon, A. L. Boyer, 
L. P. Gremillion, C. A. Smith, G. G. Gremillion. 

Marksville, population 837; Bunkie, 873; Evergreen, 322; Cotton- 
port, 502; Mansuria, 408; Marthaville, 228-. 

President Parish Board of Education, E. J. Jonrion, Marksville. 

Superintendent Parish Board of Education, A. D. Lafargue, Marks- 
ville. » 



PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 395 

BIENVILLE. 

856 square miles; incorporated in 1848; population 17,588; seat of 
justice Sparta. 

J. W. Tooke Clerk of District Court 

W. K. Pullin . Sheriff 

J. H. Givens Coroner 

R. M. Crawson Surveyor 

H. G. Oden Tax Assessor 

Police Jurors — First Ward: W. H. Leslie; Second Ward: J. H. 
Thurmond; Third Ward: H. F. Scheen; Fourth Ward: J. L. Wimberly; 
Fifth Ward: J. C. Watts; Sixth Ward: J. G. Blewer. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: J. W. Pullig, J. F. Spurlock; 
Second Ward: J. P. Thurmond, W. H. Lazarus; Third Ward: H. M. 
King, J. T. Huckaby; Fourth Ward: U. N. Page, H. J. Hall; Fifth 
Ward: J. J. Warren; Sixth Ward: P. S. Roden, R. E. Easely. 

Constables — First Ward: J. E. Curie, B. F. Jameson; Second 
Ward: E. Courtney, D. R. Rogers; Third Ward: J. G. Robinson, L. 
Stewart; Fourth Ward: S. M. Fair, M. J. Moore; Fifth Ward: J. B. 
Williams; Sixth Ward: W. W. Poole. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, B. J. Key, J. B. 
Wimberly. 

Arcadia, 924; Bienville, 263; Gibsland, 558. 

President Parish Board of Education, W. P. Oden, Arcadia. 

Superintendent Board of Education, W. IT. Richardson, Arcadia. 

BOSSIER. 

773 square miles; incorporated in 1843; population 24,153; seat of 
justice, Benton. 

B. A. Kelly Clerk of District Court 

A. R. Thompson i Sheriff 

H. Nesson Coroner 

G. D. Alexander Surveyor 

H. H. Montgomery Tax Assessor 

President Parish Board of Education, J. W. Prince, Haughton. 

Superintendent Parish Board of Education, W. H. Scanlan, Shreve- 
port. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: T. W. Holmes; Second Ward: T. J. 
Tidwell, J. C. Logan; Third Ward: J. A. Ford; Fourth Ward: M. W. 
Carson; Fifth Ward: J. F. Adair; Sixth Ward: C. D. Sandidge, L. C. 
Riggs. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: J. C. Bell; Second Ward: 
R. C. Stinson; Third Ward: J. G. Allen, Thos. M. Love; Fourth Ward: 
F. R. Garrett; Fifth Ward: J. P. Gleason; Sixth Ward: H. Barncastle, 
J. N. Ryan. 



396 PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 

Constables — First Ward: C. E. Jacobs; Second Ward: N. H. 
Arnold; Third Ward: T. J. Taylor; Fourth Ward: J. J. Allums; Fifth 
Ward: T. W. Heath; Sixth Ward: J. W. O'Neal, W. M. Morrow. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, H. S. Dowell. 

Benton, 463; Haughton, 194; Logansport, 688; Plain Dealing, 258. 

CADDO. 

852 square miles; incorporated in 1838; population 44,499; seat of 
justice, Shreveport. 

F. A. Leonard Clerk of District Court 

S. J. Ward , , .Sheriff 

H. C. Coty Coroner 

L. F. Crawford , Surveyor 

D. E. Nicholson Tax Assessor 

President Board of Education, J. H. Shepherd, Shreveport. 

Superintendent Board of Education, J. C. Moncure, Shreveport. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: W. B. Means, W. W. Wynn; Second 
Ward: H. H. Huckaby; Third Ward: J. S. Noel; Fourth Ward: Jno. 
S. -Young, Wm. Winter, W. F. Thoman, C. G. Kives, W. T. Monkhouse; 
Fifth Ward: S. A. Alexander; Sixth Ward: J. H. Bagley; Seventh 
Ward: P. P. Keith; Eighth Ward: T. S. Hutchinson. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward : H. W. Berneathy, W. 0. 
Owens; Second Ward: B. F. Teat; Third Ward: W. E. Wassen, W. A. 
Elliott; Fifth Ward: S. J. Philips; Sixth Ward: L. T. Silvester; Seventh 
Ward: W. A. Hendricks; Eighth Ward: B. E. Jacobs. 

Constables — First Ward: N. Tyson, J. L. Pyron; Second Ward: 
J. C. Childs; Third Ward: T. C. Hearn, J. M. Miller; Fifth Ward: C. 
C. Alexander; Sixth Ward: M. C. Bagley; Seventh Ward: L. Howard; 
Eighth Ward : B. Trottier. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, J. F. Slattery, 
Newmanjordy, Jr., B. F. Teat, L. E. Smith, F. J. Looney, J. D. Wilkin- 
son, E. D. Webb, S. L. Herold, D. P. Hollis, W. A. Ellett, T. F. Bell, Jr., 
J. S. Comegys. 

Shreveport, population 16,013. 

CALCASIEU. 

3,400 square miles; incorporated in 1843; population, 30,428; seat of 
justice, Lake Charles. 

H. C. Gill iClerk of District Court. 

J. A. Perkins i , Sheriff. 

Thos. H. Watkins Coroner 

J. W. Eoher Surveyor 

A. L. Lyons. Tax Assessor 

J. G. Fournet * Atty. to assist Tax Collector 




SHREVEPORT HIGH SCHOOL. 



PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 399 

Police Jurors — First Ward: J. Chaumoset; Second Ward: F. A. 
Arcenaux; Third Ward: S. Bloch, L. Chavaune; Fourth Ward: G. W. 
House; Fifth Ward: J. P. Hampton; Sixth Ward: J. O. Stewart; Seventh 
Ward: J. D. Sigler; Eighth Ward: B. E. Miller; Ninth Ward: J. C. 
LeBleu; Tenth Ward: C. F. Taylor. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: W. Jackson, Jos. Chenier; 
Second Ward: Saml. Blackford; Third Ward: J. B. Kirkman, J. L. 
Wasey; Fourth Ward: L. Cooper, K Vincent, H. J. Perkins; Fifth 
Ward: S. A. Fairchild, P. Langdon, J. W. Fancher; Sixth Ward: D. D. 
Herford, H. E. Hall; Seventh Ward: D. P. Lyles, G. W. Seaman; Eighth 
Ward: J. V. Reeves; Ninth Ward: J. H. Materne, Dallas Hayes; Tenth 
Ward: E. S. Heampstead, A. G. Fisher. 

Constables — First Ward: F. Darbonne, N. Garborina; Second 
Ward: I. Fontenot; Third Ward: J. M. Stafford, M. J. Guzman; Fourth 
Ward : Geo. Hillebrandt, A. Vincent, Kobt. Truesdale ; Fifth Ward : B. 
W. Lyons, D. 0. Vincent; Sixth Ward; F. T. Smith, D. A. Shirley, H. 
T. Mysell; Seventh Ward: W. R. Howell, J. Lyles, Jr.; Eighth Ward: 
W. A. Seals; Ninth Ward: J. R. Jones, A. Desermond; Tenth Ward: 
J. Harris, W. 0. Queensbery. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, W. Jackson, L. 
Sugar, H. Hall, J. M. Booze, A. M. Barbe, L. H. Moss, L. M. Valdeterr«, 
J. B. Stack, C. A. Weiner, C. E. Wooten, J. C. St. Germain, J. H. 
Heinen, J. S. Toomer 

Lake Charles, population 6,680; Jennings, 1,539; Oberlin, 213; 
Welsh, 320. 

CALDWELL. 

535 square miles; incorporated in 1838; population, 6,917; seat of 
justice, Columbia. 

M, L. Mecon Clerk of District Court 

J. J. Meredith Sheriff 

Dr. E.L. Wright < , Coroner 

— — Surveyor. 

R. R. Redditt Tax Assessor 

President Board of Education, E. J. Langham, Columbia. 
. Superintendent Board of Education, C. P. Thornhill, Columbia. 

Police Jurors— First Ward: J. A. Powell; Second Ward: N. M. 
Davis; Third Ward: W. F. Humphries; Fourth Ward: M. Jarrell; Fifth 

Ward: J. M. Sherrod; Sixth Ward: ; Seventh Ward: A. B. 

Duff; Eighth Ward: C. A. Hebert; Ninth Ward: J. D. Meredith; Tenth 
Ward: J. T. Hanchey. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: W. B. McLain; Second Ward: 
R. B. Graves; Third Ward: A. J. McDaniel; Fourth Ward: S. D. S. 
Walker; Fifth Ward: C. E. Meredith; Sixth Ward: W. M. Newsom; Sev- 
enth Ward: C. Payne; Eigth Ward: H. A. Hebert; Ninth Ward: P. M. 
Fisher; Tenth Ward: E. F. Grayson. 



400 PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 

Constables— First Ward: C. A. Ferraud; Second Ward: B. E. 
Erskins; Third Ward:-G. W. Thompson; Fourth Ward: H. M. Simons; 
Fifth Ward: W. Kent; Seventh Ward: Geo. Williams; Eighth Ward: 
C. S. Hilliard; Ninth Ward: L. E. Rogeys; Tenth Ward: R. L. Elliott. 

Notaries Public— Appointed from May 1st, 1900. 

Columbia, 382. 

CAMERON. 

1,545 3quare miles; incorporated in 1870; population, 3,952; seat of 
justice, Cameron. 

T. E. Gee Clerk of District Court 

J. A. Wakefield ,\ ...... Sheriff 

G. Sweeny ,. .,..?.., Coroner 

. . . . Surveyor 

P. E. Smith - .i. . .Tax Assessor 

President Board of Education, I. Bonsail, Cameron. 

Superintendent Board of Education, A. G. Murray, Lowry. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: E. J. Hall; Second Ward: E. Sterlese; 
Third Ward: P. Montie; Fourth Ward: A. Vincent; Fifth Ward: O. 
Pivoto. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward : R. Nenermaker ; Second Ward : 
J. D. McCall; Third Ward: A. A. Roux, M. Dupuy; Fourth Ward: J. 
Portie, E. Hebert; Fifth Ward; F. Erbelding. 

Constables — First Ward: M. L. Crowell; Second Ward: W. R. Mc- 
Call; Third Ward: G. Constance, Nich Broussard; Fourth Ward: J. D. 
Hebert, Alcebad Hebert; Fifth Ward: Geo. W. Bland. 

CATAHOULA. 

1,350 square miles; incorporated in 1808; population, 16,351; seat of 
justice, Harrisonburg. 

J. F. Robertson Clerk of District Court 

J. W. Walters . .i .« , , Sheriff 

Dr. H. W. A. Pritchard .. .Coroner 

C; C. Pritchard Tax Assessor 

R. J. Wilson -.....» i Atty. to assist Tax Collector 

Surveyor 

President Board of Education, E. M. Brian, Rosefield. 

Superintendent Board of Education, J. P. A. Whatley, Harrison- 
burg. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: W. I. Gillespie; Second Ward: J. C. 
Harden; Third Ward: J. W. Smith; Fourth Ward: F. Brown; Fith 
Ward: M. N. Walker; Sixth Ward: A. G. Hodges; Seventh Ward: W, 
S. Dorsey; Eighth Ward: H. W. Berthard; Ninth Ward: W. F. Miller. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: L. Pipes; Second Ward: J. 



PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 401 

W. Sheppard; Third Ward: W. H. Whitehead; Fourth Ward: B. E. 
Blake; Fifth Ward: A. L. Plummer; Sixth Ward: S. Barr; Seventh 
Ward: E. D. Spann; Eighth Ward: J. E. Boyd, N. C. Bennett; Ninth 
Ward: C. N. Bruce, L. P. Briggs. 

Constables — First Ward: E. F. Gillespie; Second Ward: T. D. 
Holstein; Third Ward: J. F. Cassels; Fourth Ward: J. Q. Prestidge; 
Fifth Ward: J. F. Thompson; Sixth Ward: J. H. Richey; Seventh Ward: 
J. F. Kelly: Eigth Ward: B. C. Thompson, R. B. Swayze; Ninth Ward: 

B. F. Miller. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, H. J. Babcock, 
J. C. Boyd, L. M. Davis, J. B. Boatner. 
Harrisonburg, population 303. 

CLAIBORNE. 

765 square miles; incorporated in 1828; population, 23,029; seat of 
justice, Homer. 

Drew Ferguson .. . . .Clerk of District Court 

J. H. Kirkpatrick Sheriff 

J. E. Knighton Coroner 

Surveyor 

Jno. R. Phipps Tax Assessor 

President Board of Education, J. C. Moore, Howell. 

Superintendent Board of Education, E. H. McClendon, Howell. 

Police Jurors — First Ward : C. M. Davidson ; Second Ward : B. F. 
Collier; Third Ward: J. A. Seegers; Fourth Ward: W. M. Alexander; 
Fifth Ward: A. H. Wilburn; Sixth Ward: H. H. Coleman; Seventh 
Ward: Geo. Gill; Eighth Ward: W. A. Melton; Ninth Ward: J. C. 
Meadows. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: E. E. Monzingo; Second 
Ward: O. A. Smith; Third Ward: R. F. Harvey, S. B. Baucum; Fourth 
Ward: W. C. Hanicter; Fifth Ward: F. P. Morgan; Sixth Ward: G. 
W. Dobbins; Seventh Ward: G. G. Gill; Eighth Ward: R. T. McClen- 
don; Ninth Ward: F. M. McClelland; Tenth Ward: B. F. Beard. 

Constables — First Ward: J. M. Anderson; Second Ward: S. S. 
Smith; Third Ward: J. L. Garrett, C. D. Worley; Fourth Ward: T. O. 
Maddry; Fifth Ward: E. E. Simmons; Sixth Ward: D. B. Landers; 
Seventh Ward: C. H. Lewis, L. B. Robinson; Eighth Ward: L. J. Car- 
uthers; Ninth Ward: D. C. Cater. 

Homer, population 1,157. 

CONCORDIA. 

620 square miles; incorporated in 1807; population, 13,559; teat of 
justice, Vidalia. 

C. O. Campbell , Clerk of District Court 

H. H. Gillespib Sheriff 



402 PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 

M. C. Reeves Coroner 

Surveyor 

R. L. Castleman Tax Assessor 

N. M. Calhoun Atty. to assist Tax Collector 

President Board of Education, R. L. Castleman, L' Argent. 

Superintendent Board of Education, J. E. Schiele, Vidalia. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: L. Lemeunier; Second Ward: J. G. 
Claughton; Third Ward: Dr. J. W. Walker; Fourth Ward: J. P. Fagan; 
Fifth Ward: J. H. Ohlsen; Sixth Ward; D. Snyder; Seventh Ward: W. 
H. Hudnall; Eighth Ward: A. T. Caloit; Ninth Ward: J. S. Gaynor; 
Tenth Ward : H. B. Nugent. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: W. L. Shaw; Second Ward: 
D. A. Tugler; Third Ward: G. G. Barker; Fourth, Ward: H. King; Fifth 
Ward: L. Kernald; Sixth Ward: J. C. Pierce; Seventh Ward: J. T. 
Lytle; Eighth Ward: C. H. Hester; Ninth Ward: P. A. B. Warren; 
Tenth Ward: R, P. Holland, S. P. Magoun; Eleventh Ward: E. P. 
Campbell. 

Constables— First Ward: J. R. Bidwell; Third Ward: T. D. Barker; 
Fourth Ward: S. Thomas; Fifth Ward: J. Vaughn; Sixth Ward: A. W. 
Thomas; Seventh Ward: A. J. Ragland; Eighth Ward: H. Hester; Ninth 
Ward: W. H. Mount; Tenth Ward: H. B. White, T. J. Williams; 
Eleventh Ward: J. W. Rountree. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, N. M. Calhoun. 

Vidalia, population 1,022. 

DESOTO. 

856 square miles; incorporated iri 1843; population, 25,063; seat of 
justice, Mansfield. 

A. M. Rtves Clerk of District Court 

W. T. Pegues Sheriff 

Dr. S. T. Walker Coroner 

L. H. Bell Surveyor 

W. B. Hewitt Tax Assessor 

President Board of Education, Wm. Goss, Mansfield. 

Superintendent Board of Education, W. C. Scott, Kingston. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: J. D. Williams; Second Ward: T. C. 
Middleton; Third Ward: J. J. Gardner; Fourth Ward; W. R. Jackson; 
Fifth Ward: W. W. Williams; Sixth, Ward: R. F. Scott; Seventh Ward: 
L. M. Rambin ; Eighth Ward : L. L. Whitton. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward : S. F. Talbert, N. B. Williams ; 
Second Ward:.T. A. Adams; Third Ward: G. M. Norris; Fourth Ward: 
J. Meadows, T. G. Pegues; Fifth Ward: J. F. Smith; Sixth Ward: 
E .R. Fortsom E. E. Scott; Seventh Ward: J. E. Robinson, P. L. Bar- 
ron; Eighth Ward: J. K Pyle,*J. R. Nash. 

Constables — First Ward : W. B. Peyton, Jr. ; J. A. Sinclair ; Second 



PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 405 

Ward: J. M. Lafitte; Third Ward: C. N. Baker; Fourth Ward: W. M. 
Howell, H. G. May; Fifth Ward: Geo. Hungerbuler; Sixth Ward: S. 
Phipps, T. T. Scott; Seventh Ward: D. E. Nance, C. A. Bambin; Eighth 
Ward: N. P. Tanner, D. T. Fletcher. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900,. M. G. Nelson, 
G. M. Norris, J. M. Hudson, N. B. Williams, Wm. H. Smith. 

Mansfield, population 847; Grand Cane, 385. 

EAST BATON BOUGE. 

395 square miles; incorporated in 1807; population, 31,153; seat of 
justice, Baton Bouge. 

W. G. Kandolph Clerk of District Court 

J. T. Young Sheriff 

T. P. Singletary Coroner 

Surveyor 

E. L. Woodside | Tax Assessor 

President Board of Education, B. A. Hart, Baton Bouge. 

Superintendent Board of Education, B. C. Gordon, Baton Bouge. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: I. Pujol, Jos. Pino; Second Ward: 
T. S. Alexander, O. Kondert; Third Ward: J. S. Bodriguez; Fourth 
Ward: B. T. Y. Louden, T. N. Samuel; Fifth Ward: W. A. Cook; Sixth 
Ward: D. A. Bobertson; Seventh Ward: J. W. Hillman; Eighth Ward: 
H. F. Von Phul, Sr.; Ninth Ward: W. J. Sharp; Tenth Ward: W. D. 
Haralson. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: ; Second Ward: 

; Third Ward: H. Cannence; Fourth Ward: J. H. Mon- 

tegudo, J. A. Hyce; Fifth Ward: W. A. Craig; Sixth Ward: A. A. 
Landry; Seventh Ward: Geo. Mundinger; Eighth Ward: H. F. Yon 
Phul, Jr., J. C. Grabert; Ninth Ward: Wm. Stokes; Tenth Ward; H. 
B. Gerald. 

Constables — First Ward: ; Second Ward: ; 

Third Ward: ; Fourth Ward: C. Hoffman, A. B. Brian; 

Fifth Ward: W. S. Barksdale; Sixth Ward: E. J. Boberts; Seventh 
Ward: M. J. Germany; Eighth Ward: P. Arceneaux, A. A. Miller; 
Ninth Ward: W. S. Martin; Tenth Ward: P. E. Lavigne. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, D. H. Cross; C. 
A. Bergeron, T. A. Moore. 

Baton Bouge, population 11,269 ; Zachary, 465. 

EAST CABBOLL. 

400 square miles; incorporated in 1877; population, 11,373; seat of 
justice, Lake Providence. 

G. F. Blackburn Clerk of District Court 

J. W. Dunn Sheriff 



406 PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 

W. E. Long , Coroner 

Surveyor 

W. C. McKae Tax Assessor 

President Board of Education, T. J. Powell, Lake Providence. 

Superintendent Board of Education, C. R. Egelly, Lake Providence. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: R. Nicholson; Second Ward: W. C. 
Hope; Third Ward: P. McGuire; Fourth Ward: A. M. Nilson; Fifth 
Ward: T. W. Joy. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: J. B. Beard, W. H. Dickerson; 
Second Ward: C. H. Webb; Third Ward: D. W. Gilmour, C. R. Egelly; 
Fourth Ward: E. Stockner; Fifth Ward: Jno. Ridings. 

Constables — First Ward: C. McGinnis, J. Higgins; Second Ward: 
Barney Coun; Third Ward: W. A. Blount, Jr., W. H. Hunter; Fourth 
Ward: J. R. Brown; Fifth Ward: J. Foreman. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, Chas. R. Egelly. 

Lake Providence, population 1,256. 

EAST FELICIANA. 

450 square miles; incorporated in 1811; population 20,443; seat of 
justice, Clinton. 

J. L. Cravens Clerk of District Court 

T. B. Bennett. ., Sheriff 

F. Thompson Coroner 

T. W. Young Surveyor 

C. R. Lemon Tax Assessor 

President Board of Education, . 

Superintendent Board of Education, A. E. Miller, Wilson. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: H. D. Moore; Second Ward: A. J. 
Hansey; Third Ward: C. F. Reiley; Fourth Ward: J. R. Freeman; Fifth 
Ward: J. Israel; Sixth Ward: M. T. Nesone; Seventh Ward: W. I. 
Ratliffe; Eighth Ward: L. S. Talbert. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: A. E. Carter, D. C. Johnston; 
Second Ward: A. Cook; Third Ward: M. Gilmore, W. F. Norsworthy; 
Fourth Ward: E. P. Andrews, J. G. Dubon; Fifth Ward: J. A. White, 
J. E. Irvin; Sixth Ward: L. G. Dawson; Seventh Ward: C. P. Delee; 
Eighth Ward : R. T. Jackson. 

Constables — First Ward : J. P. Fearson, E. Williams ; Second Ward : 
S. Turner; Third Ward: A. Mulkey, C. G. Allen; Fourth Ward: C. 
Palmer, H. S. White; Fifth Ward: M. J. Nettles, C. L. Ross; Sixth 
Ward: A. H. Carroll; Seventh Ward: J. Gallout; Eighth Ward: A. T. 
White. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900. 

Clinton, population 960; Jackson, 2,012; Slaughter, 259; Wilson, 
470. 



PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 407 

FRANKLIN. 

550 square miles; incorporated in 1843; population, 8,890; seat of 
justice, Winnsborough. 

H. J. Lea Clerk of District Court 

W. H. Adams. . . Sheriff 

J. L. Deuson Coroner 

B. W. Leigh Surveyor 

J. W. Womble Tax Assessor 

President Board of Education, H. H. Buie, Fort Necessity. 

Superintendent Board of Education, J. W. Denson, Cowville. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: H. M. Watson; Second Ward: S. L. 
Kichardson; Third Ward: S. H. Cordill; Fourth Ward: J. S. Copeland; 
Fifth Ward: J. H. Baker; Sixth Ward: W. Cummings; Seventh Ward: 
R. M. Steele ; Eighth Ward : S. I. Pippin ; Ninth Ward : W. M. Kincaire. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: F. J. Hubert; Second Ward: 

C. H. Gill, H. A. Lewis; Third Ward: W. B. Diamond; Fourth Ward: 
G. W. Hodge; Fifth Ward: L. E. Rundel; Sixth Ward: M. W. Lord; 
Seventh Ward : J. M. King ; Eighth Ward : J. 0. Wiggins ; Ninth Ward : 
W. M. Kincaire. 

Constables — First Ward: W. P. Byrne; Second Ward: O. E. 
Kenney, L. M. Hearkey; Third Ward: L. A. Osborne; Fourth Ward: 
T. A. Bradley; Fifth Ward: N. McEacharn; Sixth Ward: M. M. Lord; 
Seventh Ward: W. A. Tucker; Eighth Ward: J. T. McClellan. 

Notary Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, C. A. Gill. 

Winnsboro, population . 

GRANT. 

578 square miles; incorporated in 1869; population, 12,902; seat of 
justice, Colfax. 

J. J. O'Quin Clerk of District Court 

M. E. Swafford Sheriff 

W. Smith Coroner 

Surveyor 

J. A. Harvey Tax Assessor 

J. L. Fletcher Atty. to assist Tax Collector 

President J>oard of Education, R. S. Cameron, Colfax. 

Superintendent Board of Education, J. A. Williams, Colfax. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: J. H. McNeely; Second Ward: E. L. 
Stuckey; Third Ward: B. F. Lewis; Fourth Ward: J. E. Nugent; Fifth 
Ward: T. M. Bradford; Sixth Ward: M. L. Spikes; Seventh Ward: A. 
C. Teddlie. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: F. B. Dean, J. Q. Long; Sec- 
ond Ward: M. O'Quinn, O. A. Tison; Third Ward: Jack Frost; Fourth 



408 PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 

Ward: J. Clark; Fifth Ward: I. Nugent; Sixth Ward: J. B. Lyman; 
Seventh Ward: R. W. Horn, E. S. Garute. 

Constables — First Ward: G. M. Dean, J. V. Carnahan; Second 
Ward: C. McGee, Lee Tyson; Third Ward: W. Frazer; Fourth Ward: 
W. Starling; Fifth Ward: J. P. Wooten; Sixth Ward: H. A. Koshto; 
Seventh Ward: H. F. McManus, T. H. Harrell. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, W. B. Clark, J. 
W. Dunn, S. Patterson, Jack Frost, J. A. Pinkerton. 

Colfax, population 190; Montgomery, 158; Pollock, 637. 

IBERIA. 

536 square miles; incorporated in 1868; population, 29,015; seat of 
justice, New Ibearia. 

J. G. LeBlanc Clerk of District Court 

Geo. Henderson ; Sheriff 

G. P. Minville Coroner 

L. S. Frere Tax Assessor 

Surveyor 

President Board of Education, J. B. Lawton, New Iberia. 

Superintendent Board of Education, L. O. Hacker, New Iberia. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: A. Gonlas; Second Ward: H. Boutte; 
Third Ward: A. Decuir; Fourth Ward: F. Decourt; Fifth Ward: P. 
Romero; Sixth Ward: H. Oette, J. P. Suberbielle; Seventh Ward: E. 
Delcambre; Eighth Ward: J. F. Brittain. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: E. C. Landry; Second Ward: 
J. J. Vidrinne; Third Ward: J. A. Babin; Fourth Ward: J. E. Prince; 
Fifth Ward: H. Freeman; Sixth Ward: R. Brown; W. L. Grant; Sev- 
enth Ward: J. D. Carter; Eighth Ward: T. D. Fay, F. P. Schxnaydre. 

Constables — First Ward: C. Lyon; Second Ward: D. Louriere; 
Third Ward: E. Decuir; Fourth Ward: C. Boutte; Fifth Ward: D. 
Romero; Sixth Ward: C. C. Palfrey; Seventh Ward: S. Miguez; Eighth 
Ward : A. F. Petifils, A. Mouret, 

Notaries Public— Appointed from May 1st, 1900, A. Gary, F. Voor- 
hies, A. Renoudet, D. W. Voorhies, A. D. Foster. 

New Iberia, population 6,815 ; Jeanerette, 1,905 ; Erath, 215. 

IBERVILLE. 

646 square miles; incorporated in 1807; population, 27,006; seat of 
justice, Plaquemine. 

J. A. Grace Clerk of District Court 

A. A. Brown ■. .i Sheriff 

Dr. M. E. Barker Coroner 

Surveyor 

A. Landry Tax Assessor 



PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIFAL TOWNS, ETC. 409 

President Board of Education, Dr. W. A. Holloway, Rosedale. 

Superintendent Board of Education, C, K. Schwing, Plaquemine. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: W. Jefferson, T. Supple; Second Ward: 
A. H. Gay, Sr.; Third Ward: J. Wilbert; Fourth Ward: J. I. Brown'; 
Fifth Ward: A. Gueymard; Sixth Ward: W. B. Bobertson; Seventh 
Ward: J. S. Bargas; Eighth Ward: E. D. Dardenue; Ninth Ward: P. 
S. Lorio. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: G. H. Cretian; V. Sauvage; 
Second Ward: O. D. Arbour; Third Ward: M. L. Levy, C. E. Dupuy; 
Fourth Ward: E. W. Hoffman; Fifth Ward: T. H. Davis; Sixth Ward: 
J. W. Brown; Seventh Ward: W. C. Jourdan; Eighth Ward: A. Temp- 
let; Ninth Ward: J. B. Wolf oik, Jr. 

Constables — First Ward: F. A. Yigier, J. Bay; Second Ward: 

; Third Ward: G. Petit, N. Neveaux; Fourth Ward: J. 

Johnson; Fifth Ward: ; Sixth Ward: L. Marconneaux; 

Seventh Ward: S. W. Jefferson; Eighth Ward: S. R. Sparks; Ninth 
Ward: A. Scott. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900 : 

Plaquemine, population 3,590; Whitecastle, 1,850. 

JACKSON. 

576 square miles; incorporated in 1845; population, 9,119; seat of 
justice, Vernon. 

R. C. Culpepper Clerk of District Court 

J. M. McDowell Sheriff 

C. L. Culpepper Coroner 

/. .- Surveyor 

W. H. Allen Tax Assessor 

President Board of Education, B. L. Jordan, Daily. 

Superintendent of Board of Education, N. M. Smith, Vernon. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: W. M. C. Cockrell; Second Ward: R. 
F. McBride; Third Ward: C. W. Allen; Fourth Ward: E. C. Kidd; 
Fifth Ward: W. G. Griggs. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: I. Canady; Second Ward: 
W. A. Donahoo; Third Ward: J. T. Shepherd; Fourth Ward: H. W. 
Sherrard; Fifth Ward: S. B. Smith. 

Constables — First Ward: J. L. Joiner; Second Ward: C. E. Cul- 
pepper; Third Ward: F. E. Bond; Fourth Ward: M. Wages; Fifth Ward: 
J. H. Womack. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, W. C. McDonald. 

JEFFERSON. 

395 square miles; incorporated in 1825; population, 15,321; seat of 
justice, Gretna. 
J. C. Tillotson Clerk of District Court 



410 PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 

L. H. Marrero Sheriff 

S. D. Gustine Coroner 

Surveyor 

E. A. Bursley Tax Assessor 

President Board of Education, M. Wall, Amesville. 

Superintendent Board of Education, F. A. Middleton, McDonough- 
ville. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: H. Hart; Second Ward: J. Spiess; 
Third Ward: J. Ehret; Fourth Ward: W. Kebantisch; Fifth Ward: 
E. P, Brady; Six'h Ward: H. Gardey; Seventh Ward: C. Flory; Eighth 
Ward: V. Betz; Ninth Ward: F. L. St. Martin. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: C. W. Kossner, Jr.; Second 
Ward: A. Marrero; Third Ward: V. Kerner; Fourth Ward: H. Lange; 
Fifth Ward: L. F. Arnault; Sixth Ward, W. J. Adam. 

Constables — First Ward: C. Dauenhauer; Second Ward: J. P. 
Davis; Third Ward: J. Graff; Fourth Ward: A. Polky; Fifth WaTd: 
C. Root ; Sixth Ward : J. Ledou. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, L. A. Marrero. 

Gretna population, ; Kenner population, 1,253. 

LAFAYETTE. 

262 square miles; incorporated in 1825; population 22,825; seat of 
justice, Lafayette. 

E. G. Voorhies Clerk of District Court 

I. A. Broussard , Sheriff 

Dr. J. Mouton Coroner 

■ Surveyor 

A. M. Martin Tax Assessor 

il". Mouton Attorney to assist Tax Collector 

President Board of Education, A. Olivier, Broussardville. 

Superintendent Board of Education, L. J. Allerman, Lafayette. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: A. Lacey; Second Ward: A. M. Brous- 
sard; Third Ward: F. G. Mouton, J. C. Buchanan; Fourth Ward: J. O. 
Blanchet; Fifth Ward: M. Billeaud, Jr.; Sixth Ward: S. Broussard; 
Seventh Ward : J. A. Labbe ; Eighth Ward : J. Whittington. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: G. Mouton; Second Ward: H. 
Wagner; Third Ward: C. G. Bienvenu, H. Monnier; Fourth Ward: J. 0. 
Savoy, E. Parent; Fifth Ward: S. Greig; Sixth Ward: J. J. Cousson, 

F. Abbadie; Seventh Ward: H. D. Verrot; Eighth Ward: C. Breaux. 

Constables- -First Ward: A. Chaison; Second Ward: A. Cum- 
mmgs; Third Ward: L. Hirsch; T. Mouton; Fourth Ward: T. Baudoin, 
K. Blanchet; Fifth Ward: A. P. Labbe; Sixth Ward: A. Cormier, S. 
Babineaux; Seventh Ward: E. Comeaux; Eighth Ward: S. Jenkins. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, C. D. Caflrey, 



PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 411 

E. Parent, S. Greig, H. Wagner, C. F. Latiolais, Ben. F. Flanders, H. A. 
Vander Cruysson, J. L. Kennedy. 

Lafayette, population 3,314; Carencro, 445; Broussard, 290; Youngs- 
ville, 200. 

LAFOUKCHE. 

1,023 square miles ; incorporated in 1807 ; population 28,822 ; seat of 
justice, Thibodeaux. 

C. J. Barker Clerk of District Court 

J. Beary Sheriff 

Dr. H. J. Price Coroner 

Surveyor 

E. E. Morvant Tax Assessor 

President Board of Education, T. A. Stack, Thibodeaux. 

Superintendent Board of Education, T. A. Badeaux, Thibodeaux. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: J. L. Basset; Second Ward: J. L. 
Aucoin; Third Ward: C. J. Guedry; Fourth Ward: H. Morvant; Fifth 
Ward: E. IT. Morvant; Sixth Ward: L. Rodrigue; Seventh Ward: A. 
Theriot; Eighth Ward: F. Falgout; Ninth Ward: J. L. LeBlanc; 
Tenth Ward: F. P. Parra. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward : A. E. Hoffman ; Second Ward : 
C. A. Engerran, O. L. Caro; Third Ward: E. P. Bernard; Fourth 
Ward: G. Aubat, Jr.; Fifth Ward: J. B. Bourgeois; Sixth Ward: J. 
Meyer; Seventh Ward: A. J. Lasseigne; Eighth Ward: M. Bourgeois; 
Ninth Ward: E. F. Munnier; Tenth Ward: A. Cretien. 

Constables — First Ward: C. Braud; Second Ward: A. Rogers, M. 
Dupre; Third Ward: J. D. Bernard; Fourth Ward: J. S. Barker; Fifth 
Ward: D. L. Lapeyrouse; Sixth Ward: J. L. Rodrigue; Seventh Ward: 
A. Ago; Eighth Ward: Bud White; Ninth Ward: A. Savoie; Tenth 
Ward: J. Remont. 

Notaries Public; — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, R. Williamson, 
C. J. Conlon, G. Abribat, Jr., C. S. Larkins. 

Tihibodeaux, population 3,253; Lockport, 411. 

LINCOLN. 

485 square miles; incorporated in 1873; population 15,898; seat of 
justice, Ruston. 

J. W. Williams , .Clerk of District Court 

F. B. Finley Sheriff 

S. L. White , Coroner 

Surveyor 

J. R. Heard .Tax Assessor 

President Board of Education, L. J. Bell, Chondrant. 
Superintendent Board of Education, W. E. Redwine, Redwine. 



412 PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: James H. Deloney, J. L. Bond; Second 
Ward: G. W. Dye; Third Ward: D. S. Aswell; Fourth Ward: J. T. M. 
Hancock; Fifth Ward: J. C. Jones; Sixth Ward: H. Driggers. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: S. M. Lewis; Second Ward: 
T. E. Colvin; Third Ward: A. Gullatt; Fourth Ward: J. H. Frasier; 
Fifth Ward: T. J. Ford; Sixth Ward: T. L. Waugh; Seventh Ward: S. 
P. Foster. 

Constables — First Ward: D. E. Colvin; Second Ward: T. J. Field; 
Third Ward: T. W. Madden; Fourth Ward: J. T. Gonies; Fifth Ward: 
J. E. Goodgion; Sixth Ward: S. E. Heard; Seventh Ward: A. N. K 
Young. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, F. F. Stephens, 
J. D. Barksdale. 

Euston, population 1,324. 

LIVINGSTON. 

575 square miles; incorporated in 1832; population 8,100; seat of 
justice, Springville. 

M. Cooper Clerk of District Court 

L. D. Allen Sheriff 

T. B. Odom Coroner 

Surveyor 

T. A. Sallassi Tax Assessor 

President Board of Education, J. M. Holden, Springville. 

Superintendent Board of Education, B. W. Benefield, Maurepas. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: P. E. Erwin; Second Ward: B. E. 
Lockhard; Third Ward: J. Aydel; Fourth Ward: A. D. Starns; Fifth 
Ward: P. Vickner; Sixth Ward: Y. C. Eichardson; Seventh Ward: 
E. H. Harris; Eighth Ward: A. J. Lard; Ninth Ward: G. W. Watts; 
Tenth Ward: J. W. Settoon. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: T. S. Carroll, S. B. Easterly; 
Second Ward: S. S. Dixon; Third Ward: F. F. Stephens; Fourth Ward: 
W. B. Durbin; Fifth Ward: D. W. Settoon; Sixth Ward, W. B. 
Mclntyre; Seventh Ward: N. Felder; Eighth Ward: J. W. Whitehead; 
Ninth Ward: D. M. Easley; Tenth Ward: J. S. Kimball. 

Constables — First Ward: D. E. Covington; Second Ward: L. 
Brown; Third Ward: J. P. Salassi; Fourth Ward: E. Purvis; Fifth 
Ward: J. A. Degen; Sixth Warql: J. B. Simeon; Seventh Ward: W. B. 
Sutcliffe; Eighth Ward: C. E. Mizell; Ninth Ward: J. B. Davidson; 
Tenth Ward: W. T. Schroeder. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, W. J. Settoon, N. 
Feeder, J. F. Eobertson. 

Springfield population, . 



PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 413 

MADISON. 

670 square miles; incorporated in 1839; population 12,332; seat of 
justice, Tallulah. 

W. H. Harvey Clerk of District Court 

C. H. Lucas Sheriff and Ex-officio Tax Collector 

G. H. Ogbourne Coroner 

Surveyor 

George Spencer Tax Assessor 

President Board of Education, N. Kahn, Milliken Bend. 

Superintendent Board of Education, G. M. Long, Delta. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: S. H. James; Second Ward: H. M. 
Floyd; Third Ward: A. J. Sevier; Fourth Ward: W. M. Scott; Fifth 
Ward: J. A. Coltharp; Sixth Ward: A. B. Armstrong; Seventh Ward: 
G. W. Jordan. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward : J. S. Wilkinson ; Second Ward : 
J. T. McFarland; Third Ward: J. Witherow; Fourth Ward: H. M. Hazel; 
Fifth Ward: W. Caison; Sixth Ward: T. B. Barmore; Seventh Ward: 

E. B. Halford. 

Constables — First Ward: N. Privot, A. T. Cook; Second Ward: 
J. N. Porterfield; Third Ward: E. M. Yerger; Fourth Ward: P. H. 
Hebert; Fifth Ward: F. Carson; Sixth Ward: 0. B. Barmore; Seventh 
Ward: W. W. Johnson. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, 0. Hebert. 

Tallullah, population ; Delta, . 

MOREHOUSE. 

760 square miles; incorporated in 1844; population 16,634; seat of 
justice, Bastrop. 

G. W. Naff Clerk of District Court 

W. E. Hampton .Sheriff and Ex-officio Tax Collector 

W. R. McCreight Coroner 

Surveyor 

R. B. Todd, Jr Tax Assessor 

F. M. Odom Attorney to assist Tax Collector 

President Board of Education, W. T. Barham, Oak Ridge. 

Superintendent Board of Education, W. A. Harriston, Bastrop. 

Police Jurors — First Ward : D. B. Spyker ; Second Ward : W. Day ; 
Third Ward: D. Pickett; Fourth Ward: J. R. Broadnax; Fifth Ward: 
J. S. Rolfe; Sixth Ward: D. E. Ivey; Seventh Ward: V. H. Brodnax; 
Eighth Ward: G. M. Patton; Ninth Ward: Geo. W. Westbrook; Tenth 
Ward: W. R. Brinckley. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: S. T. Morgan; Second Ward: 
E. W. Seales; Third Ward: R. L. Ballard; Fourth Ward: G. A. Lee, 
J. D. Turpin; Fifth Ward: F. M. Tucker, F. 0. Summerlin; Sixth 



414 PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 

Ward: H. L. McFarland; Seventh Ward: W. E. Sisson; Ninth Ward: 
■; Tenth Ward: J. L. Buatt. 

Constables— First Ward: J. W. Jones; Second Ward: W. J. Spear; 

Third Ward: ; Fourth Ward: W. M. Taylor; Fifth 

Ward: T. Files, W. O. Files; Sixth Ward: W. D. Todd; Seventh Ward: 

J. G. Smith; Eighth Ward: G. A. Peterkin; Ninth Ward: 

Tenth Ward: W. D. Higginbotham. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, J. L. Buatt. 

Bastrop population, 787 ; Mer Rouge, 465 ; Oak Ridge, 348. 

NATCHITOCHES. 

1200 square miles ; incorporated in 1807 ; population 33,216 ; seat of 
justice, Natchitoches. 

H. M. Hyams Clerk of District Court 

J. W. Freeman Sheriff and Ex-officio Tax Collector 

F. T. Gallion i. ..... ... i i Coroner 

Surveyor 

F. F. Porter Tax Assessor 

N. T. Smith Attorney to assist Tax Collector 

President Board of Education, R. B. Hollingsworth, Natchitoches. 

Superintendent Board of Education, U. P. Breazeale, Natchitoches. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: G. W. Kile; Second Ward: J. R. 
Weaver; Third Ward: E. A. Fourtz; Fourth Ward: J. T. Clark; Fifth 
Ward: R. J. W. Knott; Sixth Ward: J. C. Hughes; Seventh Ward: 

C. A. Presley; Eighth Ward: A. R. Dowden; Ninth Ward: F. A. Cloutier; 
Tenth Ward: W. H. Russell. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: A. H. Lecompte, C. H. Levy; 
Second Ward: D. M. Simmons, M. O. Gunter; Third Ward: J. R. 
Murphy; Fourth Ward: J. E. Prudhomme, A. L. Deblieux; Fifth Ward: 
J. J. Horton, L. E. Prothro; Sixth Ward: J. E. Keegan, T. J. Welch; 
Seventh Ward: R. A. Hawthorne, A. C. Presly; Eighth Ward: J. W. 
Tobin; Ninth Ward: H. D. Beale, J. A. Lathier; Tenth Ward: R. 
Rachel, F. Robertson. 

Constables — First Ward: T. W. Ford, C. M. Perot; Second Ward: 
M. Walker, W. F. Terrell; Third Ward: W. E. Clark; Fourth Ward: 
T. J. Hart, L. E. Plaisance; Fifth Ward: S. R. Woodruff, T. G. Crump; 
Sixth Ward: D. C. Keegan, W. C. Hendrick; Seventh Ward: G. A. Lee, 

D. T. Treadway; Eighth Ward: J. Beasley; Ninth Ward: P. A. Prud- 
homme, C. C. O'Quinn; Tenth Ward: F. Valery, P. Brosett. 

Notaries Public — Appointed from May 1st, 1900, P. S. Carter, 
A. C. Presley, C. W. Page. 

Natchitoches, population 2,388 ; Provencal, 246 ; Robeline, 464. 




HON. E. B. KRUTTSCHNITT, 
President Board School Directors, Orleans Parish. 



. 






PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 417 

ORLEANS. 

187 square miles; act of incorporation ; population 

287,104; seat of justice, New Orleans. 

Thomas Connell Clerk of Civil District Court 

Henry B. McMurray Civil Sheriff 

Terrence Reilley Criminal Sheriff 

James A. Malloy Clerk of Criminal Court 

J. Ward Gurley District Attorney 

Dr. M. V. Richard Coroner 

Robert Legier Recorder of Mortgages 

Anthony Sambola Register of Conveyances 

E. B. Kruttschnitt President Board of Education 

Warren Easton Superintendent of Education 

Tax Collectors. 

John Fitzpatrick First District 

John Brewster . Second District 

Hugh Cain Third District 

Robert Ewing ... .Fourth District 

Hy. N. ITmbach Fifth District 

Chas E. Babcock . . . Sixth District 

Hy. Pohlman Seventh District 

State Board of Assessors. 
Office : City Hall, New Orleans. 

C. Taylor Gauche First District 

Alex Pujol Second District 

Jos. Hirn ,. .. Third District 

Samuel Alston Fourth District 

Martin Behrman Fifth District 

Henry Puderer Sixth District 

O. A. Trezevant Seventh District 

Martin Behrman, President of the Board. 

C. Taylor Gauche, Vice-President. 

Geo. C. Dawkins, Secretary. 

Inspectors of Weights and Measures. 

Frank P. Custer First District 

John Caruso Second District 

Joseph Moos Third District 

O. M. Redon Fourth District 

Fred. C. Wagner Fifth District 

Richard Welch Sixth and Seventh Districts 

Supervisor of Registration. 

J. M. Gleason Office, Criminal Court Building 

Jury Commissioners — Term Four Years. 
Office : Criminal Court Building, New Orleans. 

John R. Todd. A. D. Battle. E. S. Maunsell. 



418 



PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 



Notaries Public — (As per Judgment Civil District Court, January, 

1902.) 



Adolph, Frederick 
Aleix, Ferdinand 
Ardill, William 
Bachet, Joseph 
Barnett, George M. 
Barnett, W. B. 
Barnett, E. J. 
Bassich, Jr., John 
Bell, Wm. A. 
Benedict, Percy S. 
Brewer, W. F. 
Brian, Alexis 
Brown, Arthur H. 
Buchmann, A. M. 
Butler, Chas. A. 
Butler, Frank M. 
Cahill, Aloysius J. 
Cahn, Edgar M. 
Charbonnet, F. D. 
Clark, Thaddeus J. 
Collins, Conrad G. 
Collins, Wm. Andrew 
Cooper, Asahel W. 
Cotonio, Theodore 
Cousin, E. P. 
Davey, Jr., J. C. 
Dearing, Geo. W. 
Dejean, Michel V. 
Diebel, Fred. 
Doriocourt, Antoine 
Downing, Rich. H. 
Dreyfous, Felix J. 
Dufour, H. Generes 
Duffy, J. Watt 
Dupre, H. Garland 
Duvigneaud, Jos. 
Eustis, Clifford J. 
Eustis, J. G. 
Fisher, Jno. B. 
Florance, Ernest T. 
Flynn, George W. 
Forcelle, J. Henri 
Forman, Charles 
Formento, William J. 
Gernon, Michael 
Gill, Chas. G. 
Gleason, Walter L. 
Goldberg, Abram 
Griffin, Michael 
Grima, Edgar 



Guillotte, J. Valsin 
Gurley, Hewes T. 
Gurley, Wm. Morgan. 
Hart, Wm. Octave 
Henriques, J. C. 
Hero, Andrew, Jr. 
Horn, Wm. K. 
Hubert, L. A. 
Hughes, Will. L. 
Ker, Wm. R. 
Kernan, Fergus 
Kronenberger, G. G. 
Labatut, Hy. P. 
Lapice, Ambrose G. 
Lautenschlager, Jos. 
Leake, Hunter C. 
LeGardeur, Bene 
Legier, Jno. R. 
Legier, Robt. 
Leopold, Arthur B. 
Lewis, A. J. 
Long, Oregon W. 
Loomis, H. L. Jr. 
Lory, Francis, Jr. 
Mohoney, Martin H. 
Moloney, Robt. J. 
Manion, Martin H. 
Marinoni, Ulysses, Jr. 
Martinet, L. A. 
Marx, Fred. C. 
Merrick, Edwin T. 
Meunier, Jules F. 
Milner, P. M. 
Montgomery, George 
Mortimer F. H. 
Murphy, E. J. 
McConnell, Jr., Jas. 
Nix, J. D. 
Ory, Benjamin 
Otero, Richard B. 
Parker, Porter 
Parsons, E. A. 
Pascoe, W. H. 
Patorno, Philip J. 
Patton, Mercer W. 
Peters, A. J. 
Pomes, Emile 
Puig, Felix J. 
Queyrouze, Maxime J. 
Quintero, Lamar C. 



Rainold, Fk. E. 
Rebentisch, C. G. 
Reilley, John J. 
Renaudin, Wm. 
Rightor, Edward 
Rogers, Wynne G. 
Rosen, Charles 
Rosser, J. B. Jr. 
Rouen, Bussiere 
Sansum E. Lee 
Schneidau, Chas. 
Seguin, Andre W. 
Seymour, E. H. 
Seymour, W. H. 
Shields, B. C. 
Simeon, James 
Simonds, E. L. 
Simmons, Jr., P. A. 
Skinner, E. K. 
Soniat, Chas. T. 
Soniat, Meloncy C. 
Spearing, J. Zach. 
Spitzfaden, Theo. 
Stafford, E. M. 
Stifft, Peter 
Sullivan, John P. 
Taylor, Joseph D. 
Theard, Chas. J. 
Titche, Bernard 
Trist, Nicholas B. 
Tullis, R. L. 
Untereiner, Geo. J. 
Upton, C. B. 
Upton, R. P. 
Vidrine, Eraste 
Villere, A. J. 
Villere, Omer 
Wagner, John 
Walshe, Jr., B. T. 
Walshe, Geo. C. 
Walton, Jos. F. 
Ward, John J. 
Watt, John 
Weill, E. L. 
Wenck, Jeff. C. 
Wilson, Andrew H. 
Woulfe, Jas. J. 
Wright, W. H. 
Zengel, Frank 
Zengel, Fred. 



m ^m 





PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 421 

OUACHITA. 

640 square miles; incorporated in 1807; population, 20,947; seat of 
justice, Monroe. 

E. A. Young Clerk of Court 

D. A. Johnson. , Sheriff and ex-Officio Tax Collector 

Dr. Graham Surghnor Coroner 

John E. Hanna Assessor 

Surveyor 

President Board of Education, A. L. Smith, DeSaird. 

Superintendent of Education, U. Millsaps, West Monroe. 

Police Jurors — Eirst Ward: W. S. Rhodes; Second Ward: D. D. 
Johnson; Third Ward: L. Enaut; Eourth Ward: W. D. Myatt; Fifth 
Ward: John T. Haynes; Sixth Ward: C. H. Perry; Seventh Ward: J. 
M. Bainbolt; Eighth Ward: R. E. Ross; Ninth Ward: W. A. Head; 
Tenth Ward: D. A. Breard, Jr. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: C. H. Calhoun; Second Ward: 

P. Trouard; Third Ward:* ; Fourth Ward: J. C. Mills; Fifth 

Ward: E. W. McClendon; Sixth Ward: W. G. Watson; Seventh Ward: 
Byron Parker; Eighth Ward: C. A. McCain; Ninth Ward: 0. L. Hind- 
ricks; Tenth Ward:* ■ 

Constables — First Ward: J. 0. Stevens; Second Ward: W. J. 
Scriber; Third Ward: Joe Mangham; Fourth Ward: J. C. Bres; Fifth 
Ward: C. E. Averett; Sixth Ward: John P. Eoan; Seventh' Ward: E. 
V. Waller; Eighth Ward: C. G. Coot; Ninth Ward: W. H. Vaughn; 
Tenth Ward : Joe Mangham. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1st, 1900, Allan Sholars, 
Monroe. 

Monroe, population 5,428 ; West Monroe, 775. 



PLAQUEMINES. 

930 square miles; incorporated in 1807; population, 13,039; seat of 
justice, Point-a-la-Hache. 

A. T. Alberti Clerk of Court 

Frank C. Mevers , Sheriff and ex-Officio Tax Collector 

J. E. Johnson Coroner 

Marc. Cognevitch Assessor 

■ — Surveyor 

President Board of Education, F. W. Gleason, Dalcour P. O. 

Superintendent of Education, P. A. Gravolet, Point-a-la-Hache. 

Police Jurors— First Ward: Geo. E. Mann; Second Ward: Adrien 
Leopold; Third Ward: E. A. Schayot; Fourth Ward: Thomas Brophy; 
Fifth Ward: George Schoenherger ; Sixth Ward: John Arnoli; Seventh 

♦Charles Schulze, City Judge, for Third and Tenth Wards. 



422 PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 

Ward: Boselius Perez; Eighth Ward: Dave Witham; Ninth Ward: 
Chas. Ballay; Tenth Ward: J. B. Fasterling. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: Chas. S track; Second Ward: 
Henry Meyer and H. O. Martin; Third Ward: P. E. Barry and Joseph 
Fleschia; Fourth Ward: Geo. W. Delesdernier ; Fifth Ward: E. Fellou; 
Sixth Ward: J. B. Louis; Seventh Ward: Geo. Fried; Eighth Ward: 
Geo. V. Groleau; Ninth Ward: Simeon Martin; Tenth Ward: M. E. 
Bannon. 

Constables — First Ward : Bazile Henry ; Second Ward : Fritz Meyer 
and 0. Hingle ; Third Ward : Victor Boyas and Thomas Staniel ; Fourth 
Ward: W. P. Simmons and Joseph Angelo, Jr.; Fifth Ward: Eve Jajo; 
Sixth Ward: John Murray; Seventh Ward: Henry Buiz; Eighth Ward: 
Leonce Maury; Ninth Ward: Bene Bousselle; Tenth Ward: Philip 
Cognovich. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1st, 1900: . 

Point-a-la-Hache, population ; Port Eads, . 

POINTE COUPEE. 

575 square miles; incorporated in 1807; population, 25,777; seat of 
justice, New Boads. 

a. L. J ewell Clerk of Court 

E. G. Beuker Sheriff and ex-Officio Tax Collector 

Dr. Adolph Tircuit Coroner 

J. A. Dayries Assessor 

John H. Glanton Surveyor 

President of Board of Education, T. B. Lorio, Anchor B. 0. 

Superintendent of Education, W. C. Carruth, New Boads P. O. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: S. B. Harmanson; Second Ward: Geo. 
Keller; Third Ward: G. P. Lacour; Fourth Ward: F. A. Beauvais; Fifth 
Ward: J. H. Stonacker; S : xth Ward: F. A. Decuir; Seventh Ward: Z. 
T. Henderson; Eighth Ward: J. A. Bougon; Ninth Ward: Oliver St. 
Dizier ; Tenth Ward : F. P. Erwin. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: Jos. M. Patterson; Second 
Ward: E. B. Smith; Third Ward: Henry Moebuis; Fourth Ward: J. A. 
Oubre; Fifth Ward: Guy Belzons and J. J. Monceret; Sixth Ward: J. 
G. Lieux; Seventh Ward: J. A. Landry; Eighth Ward: John C. Tully; 
Ninth Ward: Auguste Pourcian and J. B. Lejune; Tenth Ward: C. G. 
Bailey. 

Constables — First Ward: B. B. Harvey; Second Ward: E. B. 
Smith; Third Ward: J. E. Lacour; Fourth Ward: J. G. Ryan; Fifth 
Ward: Sam Taiclee; Sixth Ward: F. T. Gremillion; Seventh Ward: 
W. G. Picard; Eighth Ward: Auguste Webre; Ninth Ward: Joseph 
Picard and J. H. Hurst; Tenth Ward: Edgar Pourcian. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1, 1900, Albin Provosty, «T. 
Alphonse Oubre, Charles B. Tessier, Henry Moebius, Joseph Marion 
Patterson, Clement E. Bay, Jacob H. Morrison. 

New Roads, population 700. 



PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 423 

RAPIDES. 

1,498 square miles; incorporated in 1807; population, 39,578; seat 
of justice, Alexandria. 

C. M. Kilpatrick Clerk of Court 

D. T. Stafford Sheriff and ex-Officio Tax Collector 

Dr. S. H. Rushing Coroner 

W. T. Texada Assessor 

Robert W. Bringhurst Surveyor 

President Board of Education, Jonas Rosenthal, Alexandria. 

Superintendent of Education, L. L. Hooe, Alexandria. 

Police Jurors — Eirst Ward: Bernard Weil, Thos. C. Weadon; 
Second Ward: David Weinberg; Third Ward: E. A. Swaim; Eourth 
Ward: B. H. Randolph; Eifth Ward: J. H. Carruth; Sixth Ward: R. 
M. White; Seventh Ward: J. Dawson Johnson; Eighth Ward: E. Seip; 
Ninth Ward: H. E. Bradford; Tenth Ward: J. E. Ball. 

Justices of the Peace — Eirst Ward: W. W. Whittington, A. B. 
Rachal; Second Ward: Robert Martin, B. E. Pittman; Third Ward: J. R. 
Hart, A. W. Carroll; Eourth Ward: S. Y. Bedgood, J. J. Eerguson; Eifth 
Ward: W. T. Barr, B. E. Perkins; Sixth Ward: E. M. Lambright, H. E. 
Galeman; Seventh^ Ward : Jas. H. Rudisill, Daniel B. Robert; Eighth 
Ward: T. Spence Smith, L. C. Sanford; Ninth Ward: Andrew David, 
T. B. Daniel; Tenth Ward: W. S. Hadnot, John W. Moffet. 

Constables — Eirst Ward: R. L. Dunham, J. A. Rachal; Second 
Ward: Ed. Dunn, A. C. Stafford; Third Ward: George S. Tanner, D. M. 
Eurlow; Eourth Ward: J. D. Dunn, G. I. Patrick; Eifth Ward: H. 
Welden, Allen DeShazar; Sixth Ward: Henry Perkins, John Doucey; 
Seventh Ward : L. M. Townsend, Theodore Roberts ; Eighth Ward : R. H. 
Murphy, S. R. Smith; Ninth Ward: J. J. Duplessis, E. B. Price; Tenth 
Ward: J. T. Yawn, R. E. Nugent. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1, 1900, H. B. Landis, L. 

B. Hackenjos, L. L. Hooe, J. H. Normand, Jr., W. W. Whittington, Jr., 
John W. Britt, John R. Hunter, Thos. C. Barrow. 

Alexandria, population 5,648; Boyce, 832; Pineville, 617. 

RED RIVER. 
386 square miles; incorporated in 1871; population, 11,548; seat of 
justice, Coushatta. 

T. E. Paxton Clerk of Court 

Keith Lockett Sheriff and ex-Officio Tax Collector 

C. E. Edgerton , Coroner 

F. B. Williams Assessor 

■ — Surveyor 

President of Board of Education, L. M. Howard, Coushatta. 

Superintendent of Education, John I. Teer, Coushatta. 

Police Jurors— Eirst Ward: J. C. Brown; Second Ward: S. T. 



424 PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 

Teer, Sr.; Third Ward: J. H. Alums; Fourth Ward: John Crichton; 
Fifth Ward: O. T. Webb; Sixth Ward: E. T. Robinson. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: J. L. Prothro; Second Ward: 
J. M. Hawkins; Third Ward: W. H. Elliott; Fourth Ward: John H. 
Booth; Fifth Ward: Charles H. Terry; Sixth Ward: E. L. Kent. 

Constables — First Ward: Martin Clark, F. M. Adams; Second 
Ward: R. R. McDowell; Third Ward: M. M. Pearce, M. L. Davis; 
Fourth Ward: James Curry; Fifth Ward: L. W. Delaney; Sixth Ward: 
J. J. Thomas. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1, 1900, Thos W. Nettles. 

Coushatta, population 600. 

RICHLAND. 

578 square miles; incorporated in 1868; population, 11,116; seat of 
justice, Rayville. 

J . W. Summerlin Clerk of Court 

W. N. Traylor Sheriff and ex-Officio Tax Collector 

Dr. H. F. Wilkins. ,. Coroner 

Robert B. Mhoon .Assessor 

Surveyor 

President of Board of Education, J. S. Summerlin, Rayville P. O. 
Superintendent of Education, W. A. Spiers, Delhi. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: H. D. Carpenter; Second Ward: W. 
T. Cook; Third Ward: Geo. Dunham; Fourth Ward: F. M. Smith; 
Fifth Ward: W. A. Boughton; Sixth Ward: H. Mhoon; Seventh Ward: 
J. F. Burns. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: F. A. Miles, Thos. Lynan; 
Second Ward: William T. Oliver, Jr.; Third Ward: J. R. Myrick; Fourth 
Ward: A. C. Jones, Sr.; Fifth Ward: P. H. Austin; Sixth Ward: H. G. 
Beale; Seventh Ward: J. J. Pritchard. 

Constables — First Ward — Clifton Leggett, Chas. B. Wathen; 
Second Ward: H. C. Pritchard; Third Ward: E. T. Beckley; Fourth 
Ward:: W. C. Chenault; Fifth Ward: Chas. F. Bronson; Sixth Ward: 
Thomas Brown; Seventh Ward: Thomas Byargeon. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1, 1900, Geo. Wesley Smith. 

SABINE 

1,008 square miles; incorporated in 1803; popultion, 15,421; seat 
of justice, Many. 

W. E. McNeely Clerk of Court 

H. Henderson Sheriff and ex-Officio Tax Collector 

J. V. Nash , Coroner 

i Surveyor 

W. H. Vandegear f Assessor 

J. H. Boone Atty. to assist Tax Collector 



PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 425 

President of Board of Education, J. W. Taylor, Ft. Jessup P. 0. 

Superintendent of Education, Don. E. Sorelle, Many. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: G. M. Addison; Second Ward: W. L. 
Speights; Third Ward: H. M. Gandy; Fourth Ward: J. J. McCollister; 
Fifth Ward: T. Laroux; Sixth Ward: J. M. Paul; Seventh Ward: D. 
E. Stevens; Eighth Ward: Wm. C. Maines; Ninth Ward: John Edmund- 
son; Tenth Ward: J. T. Tanner. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: J. W. Pharis and J. M. San- 
dell; Second Ward: S. J. Speights; Third Ward: J. S. Carroll; Fourth 
Ward: J. M. Prother, T. C. Gaddis; Fifth Ward: H. H. Patrick; 
Sixth Ward: H. Hubert; Seventh Ward: J. J. Brown and A. P. Keen; 
Eighth Ward: J. D. McClenny; Ninth Ward: E. A. Pierce; Tenth 
Ward: R. W. Collier. 

Constables — First Ward: J. E. Jordan, A. C. Leach; Second 
Ward: R. C. Morris; Third Ward: N. A. Watkins; Fourth Ward: James 
W. Lowry, J. E. Mcllwain; Fifth Ward: Jeff. Self; Sixth Ward: 
J. W. Cassell; Seventh Ward: J. M. Harrell, Webb Ross; Eighth 
Ward: W. E. Maines; Ninth Ward: C. C. Bryan; Tenth Ward: Peter 
Tatum. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1, 1900, John S. Carroll, 
W. S. Brown, Thos. G. McMichael, Irwin McCauley, J. D. McClenny, 
John H. Boone, Lee N. Bush, Robert Trampton, John Brew. 

Many, population 345; Pleasant Hill, 300; ZWolle, 276. 

ST. BERNARD. 

680 square miles; incorporated in 1807; population, 5,031; seat of 
justice, Arabi. 

Jas. D. St. Alexandre , Clerk of Court 

E. E. Nunez Sheriff and ex-Officio Tax Collector 

Dr. L. E. Foudriat. ... .. Coroner 

A. C. Gonzales Assessor 

i. .... .i Surveyor 

President of Board 'of Education, Michel Cambre, St. Bernard P. O. 

Superintendent of Education, J. D. St. Alexander, St. Bernard P. O. 

Police Jurors— First Ward: Sebastian Roy; Second Ward: Gus- 
tave Jacques; Third Ward: Lovinski Nunez; Fourth Ward: Adam 
Estopinal; Fifth Ward: Henry Verret; Sixth Ward: Martin Nunez; 
Seventh Ward: A. C. Ruiz. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: Albert Nunez; Second Ward: 
Octave Perrez; Third Ward: P. V. Relimpio; Fourth Ward: Michel 
Cambre; Fifth Ward: Alexander Nunez; Sixth Ward: M. Alphonso; 
Seventh Ward : A. B. Woodruff. 

Constables— First Ward: Jack Serpas; Second Ward: Sidney Ser- 
pas; Third Ward: S. L. Estopinal; Fourth Ward: Alcide Hernandez; 
Fifth Ward: Armos Nunez; Sixth Ward: Col. Menesses; Seventh Ward: 
Arthur Ruiz. 



426 PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 

ST. CHARLES. 

284 square miles; incorporated in 1807; population, 5,031; seat of 
justice, Hahnville. 

J. L. Triche Clerk of Court 

Lewis Ory Sheriff and ex-Officio Tax Collector 

Dr. V. Lehmann i. . . . ., Coroner 

Chas. Elfer Assessor 

.i. ., . ... Surveyor 

P. E. Edrington Attorney to assist Tax Collector 

President of Board of Education, H. L. Youngs, Boutte P. 0. 

Superintendent of Education, T. B. Sellers, Ama P. O. 

Police Jury— First Ward: B. E. Boyle; Second Ward: T. C. 
Madere; Third Ward: Eelix Perilloux; Fourth Ward: H. L. Youngs; 
Fifth Ward: R E. Torregrossa. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: J. F. Troxler; Second Ward: 
L. J. Lauve; Third Ward: O. Keller; Fourth Ward: R E. Cocke; Fifth 
Ward: C. P. Bossier. 

Constables — First Ward : F. Bourgeois ; Second Ward : L. L. Cham- 
pagne; Third Ward: Louis Maus; Fourth Ward: Henry Laque; Fifth 
Ward: Charles Songy. 

ST. HELENA. 

413 square miles; incorporated in 1811; population, 8,479; seat of 
justice, Greensburg. 

M. C. Wilson Clerk of Court 

E. B. Watson Sheriff and ex-Officio Tax Collector 

H. G. Morris Coroner 

J. D. Williams ■ Assessor 

Surveyor 

President of Board of Education, W. T. Woodward, Grangeville P. O. 

Superintendent of Education, J. D. Easley, Liverpool P. 0. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: B. H. Newsom; Second Ward: T. H. 
Allen; Third Ward: M. B. Harvin; Fourth Ward: W. E. Morgan; Fifth 
Ward: R D. Wilson; Sixth Ward: C. U. Lee. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: J. B. Easley; Second Ward: 
A. W. Carruth, J. S. Calvit; Third Ward: T. J. Smart; Fourth Ward: 
L. J. Quinn; Fifth Ward: L. Bennett; Sixth Ward: R L. Schwartz. 

Constables — First Ward: W. N. Bates; Second Ward: T. M. Birch 
T. M. Lee; Third Ward: J. T. Cobler; Fourth Ward: J. G. John- 
son; Fifth Ward: G. B. Doughty; Sixth Ward: W. W. Travis. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1, 1900, John B. Dean, 
Milton A. Strickland, Adville Atkins. 

Greensburg, population 315. 



PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 427 

ST. JAMES. 

308 square miles; incorporated in 1807; population, 20,197; seat of 
justices, Convent. 

Emile J. Laiche Clerk of Court 

Louis Le Bourgeois Sheriff and ex-Officio Tax Collector 

Dr. Oscar Gaudet Coroner 

A. L. Bourgeois Assessor 

■ Surveyor 

President of Board of Education, L. A. Gourdain, Convent P. O. 

Superintendent of Education, J. N. Gourdain, Convent P. 0. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: John Dibert; Second Ward: Ernest 
Subra; Third Ward: Xuma Comio; Fourth Ward: J. W. Walsh; Fifth 
Ward: Edgar J. Bertaut; Sixth Ward: Octave Roussel; Seventh Ward: 
Louis Hymel; Eighth Ward: Ulysses Steib. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: H. J. Poche, Edmond Bour- 
geois; Second Ward: Floran LeBoeuf; Third Ward: Zach Crane; 
Fourth Ward: Feliciene Chauvin; Fifth Ward: C. 0. Lasseiggne; Sixth 
Ward: Arirand Agaisse; Seventh Ward: Maurice Gaudet; Eighth Ward: 
Willy Bourgeois. 

Constables — First Ward: L. J. Deslattes, J. S. Van Troup; 
Second Ward: Ambrose Brand; Third Ward: M. E. Helton; Fourth 
Ward: Frederick Taylor; Fifth Ward: Theobald Brown; Sixth Ward: 
A. Marcell; Seventh Ward: Henry Collins; Eighth Ward: Victor 
Jones Jr. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1, 1900, Oscar D. Billou, 
Henry M. Himell, Richard Esterbrook, Louis S. Bourgeois. 

ST. JOHN. 

190 square miles; incorporated in 1807; population, 12,330; seat of 
justice, Edgard. 

Zenon Millet Clerk of Court 

Paul Berthelot Sheriff and ex-Officio Tax Collector 

Dr. L. B. Chauff Coroner 

■ Surveyor 

Geo. H. Tassin Assessor 

L. H. Marrero, Jr Atty. to assist Tax Collector 

President of Board of Education, J. D. Perilloux, Lions P. O. 

Superintendent of Education, C. E. Geudron, Edgard P. 0. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: Charles E. Gendron; Second Ward: 
Ernest Sentilles; Third Ward: Alovan Granier; Fourth Ward: A. A. 
Lagaronne; Fifth Ward: Joseph Le Brum; Sixth Ward: George Bour- 
geois. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward : J. L. Pancaire ; Second Ward : 
N. F. Pecquet; Third Ward: Emile Tregre; Fourth Ward: S. N. Elfer; 
Fifth Ward : Gustave Duhe ; Sixth Ward : Wilson P. Tregre. 



428 PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 

Constables — First Ward: Jules E. Savoil; Second Ward: Olivier 
Oubre; Third Ward: Jefferson Mericq; Fourth Ward: James Roussel; 
Fifth Ward : Eene Montz ; Sixth Ward : Louis Tregre. 

ST. LANDRY. 

3,642 square miles; incorporated in 1807; population, 52,906; seat of 
justice, Opelousas. 

H. E. Estorge Clerk of Court 

Marion L. Swords Sheriff and ex-Officio Tax Collector 

R. M. Littell .Coroner 

W. M. Prescott. Assessor 

Surveyor 

President of Board of Education, Ramond Breaux, Opelousas P. O. 

Superintendent <of Education, J. L. Guilbeau, Opelousas. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: Diomel Durio, Jonas P. Smith and 
J. K. Sandoz; Second Ward: Jas. Darby; Third Ward: Jules Quebe- 
deaux; Fourth Ward: W. T. Clopton; Fifth Ward: J. J. Fontenot, 
Auguste J. Muller and Homer Savant; Sixth Ward: Sam Haas; Sev- 
enth Ward : R. L. Derouen ; Eighth Ward : Olibe Manuel. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: Arthur Simon and John 

Mornhingvey; Second Ward: Esterman Lafleur; Third Ward: ; 

Fourth Ward: J. A. Smith; Fifth Ward: J. B. Gardiner; Sixth Ward: 
G. Dekerlegard and A. Arnaud; Seventh Ward: Samuel H. Butler; 
Eighth Ward: R. Lee Hawkins; Ninth Ward: Wesley Budden; Tenth 
Ward: B. F. Vanoy; Eleventh Ward: S. Derbes and W. E. Gay; Twelfth 
Ward: Marshall P. Stagg; Thirteenth Ward: Marius Roberri; Four- 
teenth Ward: Eli Clark; Fifteenth Ward: F. L. Fuselier and Leon 
Demoruelle; Sixteenth Ward: Louis Bacou; Seventeenth Ward: A. W. 
Courville; Eighteenth Ward: S. J. Gosselin; Nineteenth Ward: A. W. 
Dejan. 

Constables — First Ward: E. S. Keer and E. K. Wallios; Second 

Ward: Menton Dupre; Third Ward: ; Fourth Ward: Felix 

Miller; Fifth Ward: Laurent Domengeau; Sixth Ward: Alexis Moreau 
and Alexandre Moreau; Seventh Ward: W. C. Gordon; Eighth Ward: 
W. S. Reynolds; Ninth Ward: W. C. Suiter; Tenth Ward: C. F. Sloan; 
Eleventh Ward: Leon Lastroppes and Phillip Zernott; Twelfth Ward: 
Chas. Lafleur; Thirteenth Ward: F. L. Doucet; Fourteenth Ward: E. 
H. Wolff; Fifteenth Ward: Emile A. Soileau and Ceanea Veillon; Six- 
teenth Ward: William C. Tete; Seventeenth Ward: Landry Rogeau; 
Eighteenth Ward: Lucien P. Petrie; Nineteenth Ward: Adam Gay. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1, 1900, Gilbert L. Dupre, 
Alfred Pavy, Leon Demourelle, D. H. Quirk, Ludovie Fontenot; Edward 
Dardeau, Francis X. Bermen, Jules Gil, John M. Mornhinvey, J. A. 
Smith, Eli Clark, R. L. Derouen, W. C. Perrault, Austin Fontenot, W. E. 
Gay, Arthur Simeon, Edward P. Veazie. 

Opelousas, population 2,951; Washington, 197; Grand Coteau, 521; 
Arnaudville, 327; Ville Platte, 163; Melville, 517. . 



PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 429 

ST. MARTIN. 

648 square miles; incorporated in 1811; population, 18,910; seat of 
justice, St. Martinsville. 

A. V. Fleming Clerk of Court 

Oneziphore Badon, Sheriff and ex-Officio Tax Collector 

Dr. Arthur Guilbeau Coroner 

Gilbert Durand Assessor 

Surveyor 

RobeJrt Martin Atty. to assist Tax Collector 

President Board of Education, T. J. Labbe, St. Martinsville P. O. 
Superintendent of Education, A. S. Woods, St. Martinsville P. 0. 

Police Jurors — Eirst Ward: A. P. Reseweber and Jules Bourque; 
Second Ward : Charles Larson ; Third Ward : J. Laurent Ducrest ; Fourth 
Ward: Raymond St. Germain; Eifth Ward: Benjamin Kidder. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: Leopold Lopez and Felix Zol 
Power; Second Ward: Anatole J. Veret; Third Ward: Alcee Wiltz; 
Fourth Ward; 0. Broussard and H. M. Niblett; Fifth Ward: A. A. 
Dupre. 

Constables — First Ward: Edward Gueriniere and Ben Bertrand; 
Second Ward: Alph Yerret; Third Ward: Louis Portierj Fourth Ward: 
Eraste Champagne and Edward Thibodeaux; Fifth Ward: A. Guilbeau. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1, 1900, Olivier Broussard, 
James Simon, J. Maurill Olivier, James E. Mouton, G. D. Domengeaux, 
Frank T. Guilbeau, Francis E. Delahoussaye, Dan. W. Voorhies. 

St. Martinsville, population 1,926; Breaux Bridge, 654. 



ST. MARY. 

square miles; incorporated in 1811; population, 34,145; 

seat of justice, Franklin. 

J. A. Loret Clerk of Court 

John B. Sanders Sheriff and ex-Officio Tax Collector 

Dr. Augustus J. Smith Coroner 

W. T. Jones i Assessor 

• Surveyor 

President of Board of Education, R. R. Cocke, Franklin P. O. 

Superintendent of Education, W. H. Kramer, Franklin P. O. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: H. Delhaye; Second Ward: T. F. 
Frere ; Third Ward : John M. Ibert and Alyre Robichaux ; Fourth Ward : 
Charles T. Hanagriff; Fifth Ward: J. F. Lasus; Sixth Ward: John D. 
Diackett ; Seventh Ward : Alfred Fortier. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: L. A. Mendoza and Emile 
Perret; Second Ward: R. Hanf; Third Ward: Isaac Mayer and 0. W. 



430 PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 

Brown; Fourth Ward: N. J. Wooster; Fifth Ward: Ion Rochelle; Sixth 
Ward: B. F. Horton and Wm. Costello; Seventh Ward: A. E. Gahn. 

Constables — First Ward: Paul Mendoza and Emile Peret, Jr.; 
Second Ward: T. H. Dumesniel; Third Ward: Alfred Pecot and E. S. 
Martin; Fourth Ward: P. B. Allen; Fifth Ward: Chris. Peterson; Sixth 
Ward: Ed. Bourgeois and L. A. Hughes; Seventh Ward: M. D. Legnon. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1, 1900, T. M. Nielling, 
Geo. B. Shepherd, Chas. A. Bibbins, Alexander Pecot, Emile Perret, 
Walter T. Gilmore, Chas. L. Wise, Jas. R. Parkerson, Walter R. Gates, 
Placide P. Sigur. 

Franklin, population 2,692; Berwick, 713; Morgan City, 2,332. 



ST. TAMMANY. 



square miles; incorporated in 1811; population, 13,335; 



seat of justice, Covington. 

H. R. Warren Clerk of Court 

T. E. Brewster Sheriff and Ex-officio Tax Collector 

Dr. Julius F. Heintz Coroner 

Warren Thomas Assessor 

John M. Yates Surveyor 

T. M. Burns Attorney to assist Tax Collector 

President Board of Education, L. L. Morgan, Mandeville P. 0. 
Superintendent Board of Education, J. B. Lancaster, Covington. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: Geo. Koepp, Jr.; Second Ward: Wm. 
Beuhl; Third Ward: P. C. Alexius; Fourth Ward: Jos. M. Smith; Fifth 
Ward: Crawford Williams; Sixth Ward: U. Q. Parker; Seventh Ward: 
John A. Todd ; Eighth Ward : John Sivinson ; Ninth Ward : M. E. Gause. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: George W. Dutsch and Gus- 
tavo Duport; Second Ward: Wilton Burns; Third Ward: C .L. Smith 
and E. R. Doyle; Fourth Ward: James L. Phillips and Theo. Strain; 
Fifth Ward: John P. Neizell; Sixth Ward: Laville Bremer; Seventh 
Ward: Howard A. Pierce; Eighth Ward: M. A. Crockett; Ninth Ward: 
John Y. Crow. 

Constables — First Ward: Chas. L. Olsen, O. J. Oulliber; Second 
Ward: Rea McKee; Third Ward: E. J. Pechon, Eugene Oupriest; 
Fourth Ward; Sam L. Phillips and Ed Smith; Fifth Ward: S. L. Jen- 
kins; Sixth Ward: Isaac Tally; Seventh Ward: W. E. Talley; Eighth 
Ward: John Crawford; Ninth Ward: H. E. Badon. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1, 1900, B. F. Martindale, 
Lewis L. Morgan. 

Covington, population 1,205; $Iadisonville,779 ; Mandeville, 1,029; 
Slidell, 1,129. 



PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 431 

TANGIPAHOA. 

790 square miles; incorporated in 1869; population 17,625; seat of 
justice, Amite City. 

Alfred K. Lewis Clerk of Court 

Festus P. Mix Sheriff and ex-Officio Tax Collector 

S. L. Prowlett Coroner 

John Puletson Assessor 

J. H. Alford Surveyor 

Presdent of Board of Education, Dr. C. S. Stewart, Amite City. 

Superintendent of Education, O. P. Amacker, Kentwood, P. O. 
Police Jurors — First Ward: R. Scott Varnado; Second Ward, Joseph 
M. Breland; Third Ward: F. H. Dranke and John Saal; Fourth Ward: 
John H. Hyde; Fifth Ward: B. F. Joiner; Sixth Ward: K. D. Buck; 
Seventh Ward: E. Gookin; Eighth Ward S. B. Cooper, Jr. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: T. J. Thompson and John P. 
Dunnigan; Second Ward: M. L. Wall; Third Ward: L. M. Kam, J. J. 
Lautier; Fourth Ward: Wm. P. Russell; Fifth Ward: John Dykes; Sixth 
Ward: J. D. Courmes; Seventh Ward: R. F. Jackson, N. M. Tucker; 
Eighth Ward:' John Oshner. 

Constables — First Ward: Joe Magee, J. B. Lewis; Second Ward: 
M. C. Nixon; Third WaTd: A. J. Alford, J. V. Robinson; Fourth 
Ward: M. Nixon; Fifth Ward: E. Bennett; Sixth Ward: Rene Chalmes; 
Seventh Ward: J. D. Hughes, J. W. Dugganis; Eighth Ward: R. W. 
Cooper. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1, 1900 : Alfred W. Spiller, 
W. H. McClendon, Clifton Stigall, Leroy N. Kara, James B. Adams, R. 
F. Jackson, 0. P. Amacker. 

Amite City, population, 1,547; Hammond, 1,511; Tangipahoa, 297; 
Kentwood, 1,313, Roseland, 1,320. 

TENSAS. 

612 square miles; incorporated in 1842; population, 19,070; seat of 
justice,, St. Joseph. 

Jos. Curry Clerk of Court 

W. C. Young i. ... . . Sheriff and Ex-officio Tax Collector 

E. T. Newell Coroner 

W. G. Fulton Assessor 

President of Board of Education, H. A. Garrett, St. Joseph. 

Superintendent of Education, A. E. Greene, St. Joseph. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: W. W. Bland; Second Ward: 
Louis Buckner; Third Ward: S. Boudurant, Sr.; Fourth Ward: L. F. 
Smith; Fifth Ward: John G.' O'Kelly; Sixth Ward: W. D. A. Gorten; 
Seventh Ward : Chas. Johnson. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: S. F. Hopkins; Second Ward: John 
Murdoch; Third Wardt Frank H. Curry; Fourth Ward: H. S. Nicholls; 



432 PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 

Fifth Ward: John G. O'Kelly; Sixth Ward: R. D. Shelley; Seventh 
Ward: David D. Miller. 

Constables — First Ward: John Mills; Second Ward: J. T. Gerdon; 
Third Ward: J. R. Smitha; Fourth Ward: E. T. Berry; Fifth Ward: 
Wm. Page ; Sixth Ward : John D. Shelton ; Seventh Ward : Ed Strange. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1, 1900: Thomas M. Wade. 

Towns: St. Joseph, population, 717; Waterproof, 298. 

TERREBONNE. 

1806 square miles; incorporated in 1822; population, 24,464; seat of 
justice, Houma. 

C. A. Celestin Clerk of Court 

A. W. Connelly. Sheriff and Ex-officio Tax Collector 

Dr. C. A. Duval Coroner 

Claude A. Duval, Jr Assessor 

. , Surveyor 

Chas. W. Du Roy Attorney to assist Tax Collector 

President of Board of Education, T. H. Casey, Gibson, P. O. 

Superintendent of Education, Arthur Kelly, Gibson P. O. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: E. B. Hebert; Second Ward: Alex Mc- 
Collam; Third Ward: L. F. Carrue; Fourth Ward: J. M. Breaux; Fifth 
Ward: E. Ellender; Sixth Ward: Leo Lirette; Seventh Ward: F. E. Gui- 
dry; Eighth Ward: F. E. Boudreaux; Ninth Ward: J. S. Miller; Tenth 
Ward: Xavier St. Martin. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: Constant Le Blanc; Second 
Ward: A. A. LeBlanc, R. E. Dill; Third Ward: J. P. Larrieu, J. 
C. Bourg; Fourth Ward: A. C. Kohlman; Fifth Ward: Chas. J. Cham- 
pagne; Sixth Ward: Anatole Rhodes; Seventh Ward: J. P. Rouen; 
Eighth Ward: F. R. Richaud; Ninth Ward: H. C. Daspit; Tenth Ward: 
T. S. Wright, 

Constarles — First Ward: William Butcher; Second Ward: Adam 
Savoie, M. H. Uaunis; Third Ward: Adam Duthu, Jules Levron; 
Fourth Ward: Ernest Cantrelle; Fifth Ward: Alfred Martin; Sixth 
Ward: E. Rhodes; Seventh Ward: J. A. Rouen; Eighth Ward: Ivy 
Rochel; Ninth Ward: Ed Sdheffler; Tenth Ward: Emile Porche. 

Town : Houma, population, 3,212. 

UNION. 

886 square miles; incorporated in 1839; population, 18,520; seat of 
justice, Farmerville. 

E. Everett Clerk of Court 

Chas. H. Murphy Sheriff and Ex-Officio Tax Collector 

J. G. Taylor Coroner 

James M. Underwood , .Assessor 

H. H. Ward , Surveyor 



PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 433 

President of Board of Education, J. G. Trimble, Farmerville. 

Superintendent of Education, B. E. Pleasant, Earmerville. 

Police Jurors— First Ward: Benj. Taylor; Second Ward; D. W. 
Hollis; Third Ward: S. W. Taylor; Fourth Ward: W. F. Grafton; Fifth 
Ward: W. S. Cooper; Sixth Ward: J. B. Clark. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: Henry Arche; Second Ward: 
John Rodgers; Third Ward: Geo. F. Clark; Fourth Ward: T. L. Hal- 
loway; Fifth Ward: R. A. Gibson; Sixth Ward: B. M. Tatom; Seventh. 
Ward: J. W. Hunt; Eighth Ward: D. K. McLaurin, J. E. Ferguson: 
Ninth Ward: J. B. Cole; Tenth Ward: S. R. Terrall. 

Constables — First Ward: Jos Hall; Second Ward: F. T. Malone; 
Third Ward: J. W. Montgomery; Fourth Ward: J. A. Gresham; Fifth 
Ward: W. H. Slade; Sixth Ward: R. L. Davis; Seventh Ward: W. S. 
Spears; Eighth Ward: Job Sterling; Ninth Ward: Chas. Simmons; 
Tenth Ward: D. W. Hicks. 

Towns: Farmerville. population, 458; Junction City, 389. 

VERMILION. 

1,226 square miles; incorporated in 1844; population, 20,705; seat of 
justice, Abbeville. 

Simonet Le Blanc Clerk of Court 

J. Oscar Hebert Sheriff and Ex-Officio Tax Collector 

Dr. C. J. Edwards Coroner 

E. H. Gueydan Assessor 

Surveyor 

President of Board of Education, 0. Bourg, Abbeville P. O. 

Superintendent of Education, J. R. Kitchell, Abbeville P. 0. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: S. D. Le Blanc; Second Ward: C. Har- 
rington; Third Ward: M, L. Eldridge; Fourth Ward: Aristide Picard; 
Fifth Ward: T. J. Hauffpauir; Sixth Ward: Babilas Le Blanc; Seventh 
Ward : Joseph Theall ; Eighth Ward : Worthy Quereau. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: P. Pelloat; Second Ward: 
Joseph Trahan; Third Ward: F. M. Leguenec, 0. H. O'Bryan ; 
Fourth Ward : James M. Seaon ; Fifth Ward : S. A. Dubas ; Sixth Ward : 
A. Schlessinger and F. C. Darby; Seventh Ward: Felix O'Neill; Eighth 
Ward : J. E. B. Jones. 

Constables — First Ward: Camile Le Blanc; Second Ward: Andrew 
Moss; Third Ward: H. B. Lyons, C. B. Upchurch ; Fourth Ward: 
R. J. Hebert; Fifth Ward: Paul F. Richard; Sixth Ward: B. J. Hart- 
man, Martin Touchet ; Seventh Ward: J. B. Mills; Eighth Ward: 
L. P. Theriot. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1, 1900 : S. P. Watts, Jos. G. 
Le Blanc, S. A. Dubus, J. A. Schlessinger, W. B. Gordy, William P. Ed- 
wards; 0. H. O'Bryan, J. W. Shanks, Leonard Meaux, Ed Haste, John 
Nugier, Jr., Edward Thorp. 

Towns: Abbeville, population, 1,536; Gueydan, 376. 



434 PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 

VERNON. 

1,540 square miles; incorporated in 1871; population, 10,327; seat of 
justice, Leesville. 

J. J. Hicks ■ ■ Clerk of Court 

T. J. Davis Sheriff and Ex-Officio Tax Collector 

F. P. Jones . . Coroner 

W. U. Smart . . • • .Assessor 

Elzie Stokes Surveyor 

President of Board of Education, T. H. Leblen, IS earns P. O. 

Superintendent of Education, J. G. Palmer, Leesville, P. O. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: M. H. F. Stanley, I. O. Winfree; 
Second Ward : Charles Martin ; Third Ward : W. C. Cain ; Fourth Ward : 
M. V. Johnson; Fifth Ward: W. T. Hill; Sixth Ward: J. R. Bagents. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: W. H. Smart; Second Ward: 
J. K Foster, W. M. Conerly; Third Ward: M. U. Hughes; Fourth 
Ward: D. H. McLeod, J. M. Oakes; Fifth Ward: J. F. Hogland; Sixth 
Ward : W. D. Holton. 

Constables— First Ward : M. H. Gill ; Second Ward : R. T. McCon- 
athy; Third Ward: H. A. Long; Fourth Ward: Joseph Lacaze; Fifth 
Ward : James P. Garkin ; Sixth Ward : A. W. Cooley. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1, 1900 : William H. Smart, 
D. M. Holton, F. M. Ingalls, R. Lee Richardson, J. K Foster, J. M. 
Oakes, Jas. G. Palmer, Will A. Aaron. 

Towns : Leesville, population, 1,148. 

WASHINGTON. 

668 square miles; incorporated in 1819; population, 9,628; seat of 
justice, Franklinton. 

J. K. Johnson Clerk of Court 

H. N. Simmons Sheriff and Ex-Officio Tax Collector 

W. R. Abney Coroner 

Leslie L. Bankston Assessor 

. . Surveyor 

President of Board of Education, W. H. Bahington, Franklin- 
ton P. 0. 

Superintendent of Education, D. E. Branch, Pine P. O. 

Police Jurors — First Ward : J. D. Carson ; Second Ward : L. P. Par- 
ker; Third Ward: T. D. Foil; Fourth Ward: J. L. Pounds; Fifth Ward: 
Louis Crain. 

Justices of the Peace— First Ward: F. R. McDougall; Second 
Ward: E. Banister; Third Ward: T. J. Groves; Fourth Ward: Joseph 
Ard: Fifth Ward: F. N. K Adams. 

Constables— First Ward : J. T. Myles ; Second Ward : Jesse Alford ; 
Third Ward: L. H. Bankston; Fourth Ward: W. F. McGehee; Fifth 
Ward : H. T. Boon. 

Towns: Franklinton, population, 236. 



PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 435 

WEBSTER. 

504 square miles; incorporated in 1871; population, 15,125; seat of 
justice, Minden. 

J. H. Tillman . . . . Clerk of Court 

B. E. Griffith Sheriff and Ex-Officio Tax Collector 

J. W. Morgan. . ...... , '. . .Coroner 

Patrick Clement Assessor 

i Surveyor 

President of Board of Education, J. M. Miller, Minden P. O. 

Superintendent of Education, J. M. Davies, Minden P. O. 

Police Jurors — Eirst Ward : L. E. Aikus ; Second Ward : G. W. Oak- 
ley; Third Ward: J. Y. Burton; Eourth Ward: W. G. Stewart; Fifth 
Ward: J. T. Boyett. 

Justices of the Peace — Eirst Ward: T. H. McEachern and T. M. 
Kerkley; Second Ward: A. G. McCann; Third Ward: J. W. Baten; 
Eourth Ward: J. C. Lowry, J. H. Moxey; Eifth Ward: E. E. Kennon. 
J. S. Bacon. 

Constables — Eirst Ward: M. S. Newsom, I. W. Merritt; Second 
Ward: J. M. Leonard;; Third Ward: N. B. Walker; Eourth Ward: J. M. 
Chanler, T. R. Dickens; Eifth Ward: Claude Buison, J. B. Madden. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1, 1900: L. K. Watkins, 
Jesse E. Sykes. 

Towns: Minden, population, 1,561. 

WEST BATON ROUGE. 

210 square miles; incorporated in 1807; population, 10,285; seat of 
justice, Port Allen. 

L. A. Hebert, Jr Clerk of Court 

A. V. Dubroca ., Sheriff and Ex-Officio Tax Collector 

Dr. E. Bourgeois . Coroner 

Gaudena Cazes i Assessor 

— Surveyor 

President of Board of Education, Thomas Jones, Walls P. O. 

Superintendent of Education, J. W. Hyams, Port Allen P. O. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: M. V. Comeaux; Second Ward: Al- 
phonse Rivault; Third Ward: A. D. Barrow; Eourth Ward: Jules Do- 
rion; Eifth Ward: David Devall; Sixth Ward: A. A. Alford; Seventh 
Ward, T. G. Erwin. 

Justices of the Peace — Eirst Ward: E. E. Hebert; Second Ward: 
E. O. Gwin; Third Ward: Oscar Bauer; Eourth Ward: Wm. H. Esque; 
Eifth Ward: E. M. Marler; Sixth Ward: Thomas Jones; Seventh Ward: 
Adam Lejune. 

Constables— Eirst Waard: W. C. Guedry; Second Ward: Maurice 
Bergeron; Third Ward: Emile Bauer; Eourth Ward: W. W. Lemmon; 
Eifth Ward: E. Marler; Sixth Ward: W. A. Trahon. 

Towns: Port Allen, population, . 



436 PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 

WEST CARROLL. 

380 square miles; incorporated in 1877; population, 3,865; seat of 
justice, Floyd. 

I. C. Wells * Glefk of Court 

J. D. Herring Slherifi and Ex-Officio Tax Collector 

T. N. Pulley Coroner 

W. S. B. Mitchenor ■ Assessor 

President of Board of Education, C. T. Milliken, Floyd. 

Superintendent of Education, T. B. Reneau, Floyd. 

Police Jurors — First Ward : Thos. L. Lefevre ; Second Ward : G. N. 
Grant; Third Ward: James A. Lester; Fourth Ward: C. D. Broswell; 
Fifth Ward: T. B. Griff eth. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: E. M. Flemming; Second 
Ward: William A. Hedrick; Third Ward: R. L. Vining; Fourth Ward: 
T. B. Reneau; Fifth Ward: A. P. Webb. 

Constables — First Ward: W. L. Richburg; Second Ward: John W. 
Bradley; Third Ward: Sam Crow; Fourth Ward: W. H. Renau; Fifth 
Ward : John Adams. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1, 1900: Wm. A. Hedrick, 
S. N. Dorsett. 

Towns: Floyd, population, . 

WEST FELICIANA. 

302 square miles; incorporated in 1811; population, 15,994; seat of 
justice ,St. Francisville. 

A. Villeret . Clerk of Court 

J . H. Clack Sheriff and Ex-Officio Tax Collector 

W. H. Taylor .i Coroner 

Matt. Gilmore Assessor 

Surveyor 

President of Board of Education, J. P. Bowman, St. Francisville. 

Superintendent of Education, G. W. Newman, St. Francisville. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: H. Lofton; Second Ward: C. W. Sim- 
mons; Third Ward: S. C. Stirling; Fourth Ward: C. F. Howell; Fifth 

Ward: W. H. Pharis; Sixth Ward: ; Seventh 

Ward: John Lesassier; Eighth Ward: N. H. Barrow; Ninth Ward: F. 
(). Hamilton; Tenth Ward: S. L. Lavergne. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: T. T. Lawson, C. W. 
iemple; Second Ward: C. W. Simmons; Third Ward: F. D. Haralson; 
Fourth Ward: C. H. Argue; Fifth Ward: W. R. Campbell; Sixth Ward: 
K. S. Denson; Seventh Ward: Mose Mc Waters; Eighth Ward: A. Mc 
Gehee; Ninth Ward: J. F. Maryman; Tenth Ward: R. S. Towles. 

Constables — First Ward: Mose Vantromp, J. W. Ard; Second 
Ward: H. D. Harvey; Third Ward: Ed. Baines; Fourth Ward: W. H. 
Wicker; Fifth Ward: R. R. Spillman; Sixth Ward: P. O. Bourgeois; 



PARISH OFFICERS, LIST OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS, ETC. 437 

Seventh Ward: C. M. Davis; Eighth Ward: Judge Nutter; Ninth Ward: 
Robert Taylor; Tenth Ward: H. B. Lavergne. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1st, 1900: . 

Towns : Bayou Sara, population, 755 ; St. Francisville, 1.059. 

WINN. 

945 square miles; incorporated in 1852; population, 9,648; seat of 
justice, Winnfield. 

R. K. Able Clerk of Court 

R. W. Bailey Sheriff and Ex-Officio Tax Collector 

J . J. Peters Coroner 

J . H. Crawford Assessor 

H. InT Tannehill Surveyor 

President of Board of Education, W. L. Long, Winnfield P. O. 

Superintendent of Education, Cas. Moss, Winnfield P. 0. 

Police Jurors — First Ward: W. D. Bevil; Second Ward: W. W. 
Thompson; Third Ward: J. K. Sikes; Fourth Ward: J. W. Wasson; Fifth 
Ward: J. C. Crew; Sixth Ward: Geo. C. Purvis; Seventh Ward: P. F. 
Smith; Eighth Ward: A. J. Franks; Ninth Ward: Chas. R. Nugent; 
Tenth Ward: D. W. Sholars. 

Justices of the Peace — First Ward: C. M. Bevil; Second Ward: 
J. R. Tullos; Third Ward: W. W. Boyett; Fourth Ward: N. M. Moffet; 
Fifth Ward: G. M. Wyatt; Sixth Ward: W. J. Drewett; Seventh Ward: 
W. M. Simmons; Eighth Ward: J. B. Wilson and A. J. Clifton. 

Constables — First Ward: G. M. Smith; Second Ward: J. A. San- 
ders; Third Ward: John C. Adams; Fourth Ward: B. A. Wasson; Fifth 
Ward: J. A. Sutton; Sixth Ward: W. S. Drewett; Seventh Ward: J. T. 
Young; Eighth Ward: B. E. Wilson; Ninth Ward: P. J. Martin. 

Notaries Public — Appointed since May 1, 1900 : Geo. W. Beck, R. C. 
Jones, W. M. Wallace, James S. Peters, Thomas M. Milling, John H. 
Matthews. 



STATE INSTITUTIONS 



THE TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA, 
NEW ORLEANS. 

The Tulane University of Louisiana, as now constituted, is the 
result of a contract entered into in 1884 by the State of Louisiana and 
the Board of Administrators of the Tulane Educational Fund, by which 
the existing University of Louisiana was placed under the perpetual care 
of the Tulane Administrators, with all its property, powers, privileges, 
immunities and franchises, and with such other powers as might be 
necessary to enable them to "foster, maintain and develop a great Uni- 
versity in the City of New Orleans." By the act, No. 43, of the Session 
of 1884, making this contract, the name of the institution was changed 
to "The Tulane University of Louisiana." 

The starting point of the University of Louisiana was the organiza- 
tion of the "Medical College of Louisiana," in September, 1834. This 
institution was chartered April 2, 1835, and in March, 1836, it issued 
the first degrees in medicine or science ever conferred in Louisiana, or the 
Southwest. The State Constitution of 1845 ordained as follows : 

"Art. 137. An University shall be established in the City of New 
Orleans. It shall be composed of four faculties, to-wit : One of law, one 
of medicine, one of the natural sciences, and one of letters. 

"Art. 138. It shall be called the University of Louisiana, and the 
Medical College of Louisiana, as at present organized, shall constitute 
the faculty of medicine. 

"Art. 139. The Legislature shall provide by law for its further 
organization and government, but shall be under no obligation to con- 
tribute to the establishment or support of said University by appropri- 
ations." 

The act of organization (Act of 181L7, No. 49), with some trifling 
changes, was re-enacted in 1855, and is substantially embodied in the 
Revised Statutes of 1856 and 1870. 

The Law Department was organized under a plan adopted by the 
Board of Administrators on May 4, 1847. With some intermissions it 
has been in operation continuously since that time. 

At different times in the course of the years following the organiza- 
tion of the University, the Legislature appropriated amounts aggregating 
something over $100,000 toward the providing of building and equipment 



STATE INSTITUTIONS. 439 

for the Medical Department, but this amount was largely augmented by- 
appropriations by the faculty from moneys received for tuition and by 
personal contributions. 

An effort at the inauguration of an academic department was made 
by the Administrators of the University at a meeting held June 1, 1847, 
when a committee was appointed "to report on the expediency of organiz- 
ing the Department of Letters and Natural Sciences, and on the means 
that can be commanded to that effect." The Legislature having provided 
no funds for the support of the University, suggestions were made at 
that time towards raising funds for the purpose. The only practical 
outcome of the effort was a donation of $500 by Glendy Burke and a like 
sum by Judah Touro, two public-spirited citizens, which funds were dedi- 
cated to the establishment of prizes in elocution and Hebrew.* About 
1847 a small appropriation was obtained from the State, and the academic 
building was erected. 

The department closed in 1860, and the civil war intervening, no 
efforts were made for sixteen years to sustain an academic department. 
After the restoration of civil government in Louisiana, in 1876, the 
newly appointed Board of Administrators determined to put in operation 
again the academic department so long contemplated. It was organized, 
and on November 4, 1878, it reopened its doors. The Board memorialized 
the Constitutional Convention of 1879, and, through its action, aid was 
given for the first time to the academic department. The Constitution 
of 1879 contained the following provisions : 

"concerning a state university. 

"Art. 320. The University of Louisiana, as at present established 
and located at New Orleans, is hereby recognized in its three departments, 
to-wit: the law, the medical, and the academical departments, to be gov- 
erned and controlled by appropriate faculties. The General Assembly 
shall, from time to time, make such provisions for the proper government 
and maintenance and support of said State University of Louisiana, and 
all the departments thereof, as the public necessities and well-being of the 
people of the State of Louisiana may require, not to exceed $10,000 
annually." 

Lender this provision the Legislature made an annual grant of $10,000 
until 1884, $50,000 in all, when it was relieved from this obligation by 
its contract with the Administrators of the Tulane Educational Fund. 

The Academic Department thus recognized 'and modestly supported 
made marked progress during the six years of its existence before it was 
taken hold of by the Tulane Administrators. But it was seriously handi- 
capped for lack of funds, and a great development was not then possible 
to it. Besides its tuition fees and the appropriations from the State, 
referred to above, it received a donation of $1,000 from Mr. Charles T. 
Howard, of New Orleans, for the equipment of the chemical department, 

*These funds, largely augmented by accumulated compound interest, are still 
used for the purposes intended by their donors, 



440 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 

and one of $20,000 from Mr. Paul Tulane for the purchase of the building 
now known as Tulane Hall, the present home of the Law Department. 

The greatest epoch in the educational history of the State, however, 
was the donation by Paul Tulane, in 1882, of his New Orleans property 
for the higher education of "the white young persons in the City of New 
Orleans." Mr. Tulane was at the time a resident of Princeton, New 
Jersey, but had been for many years a merchant in New Orleans, where 
the foundation of his fortune was laid. He called in consultation General 
Randall Lee Gibson, United States Senator from Louisiana, and together 
they selected a board of trustees who incorporated themselves under the 
title of "The Administrators of the Tulane Educational Fund," and to 
whom Mr. Tulane transferred the property which he desired to donate to 
educational purposes. 

Mr. Tulane's first donation of his real estate was valued at about 
$363,000. He subsequently made other donations, until the amount given 
by him aggregated $1,050,000, yielding an annual revenue of about 
$75,000. It was his expressed intention to add largely to this sum, but, 
as he died without a will, these intentions were never carried out. 

In 1884 the Board of Administrators of the Tulane Educational 
Fund were given by the Legislature of Louisiana (by Act 43 of that year) 
complete and perpetual control of the University of Louisiana, and exemp- 
tion from taxation of income-producing property that might be acquired 
by the Tulane Administrators up to the amount of $5,000,000. 

This act was ratified at a general election in April, 1887, and has been 
later ratified in the Constitution of 1898. The status of the University 
as a State institution has thus been fully maintained. 

In 1886 the late Mrs. Josephine Louise Newcomb, of New York City, 
whose husband, Warren Newcomb, was formerly a highly esteemed sugar 
merchant of New Orleans, donated to the Tulane Educational Fund "the 
sum of $100,000, to be used in establishing- the H. Sophie Newcomb Mem- 
orial College, in the Tulane University of Louisiana, for the higher educa- 
tion of white girls and young women." In thus perpetuating the memory 
of an only child, Mrs. Newcomb enabled the Tulane Administration to 
round out the ideal of a University and to create an institution that would 
give to women all the educational advantages which had before been 
offered by it only to men. 

Since the establishment of the Newcomb College, it had been a matter 
of the greatest personal interest to Mrs. Newcomb, who added largely to 
her original endowment, and has enabled it to build the handsome group 
of buildings in which it is now domiciled. 

In 1891 Mrs. Ida A. Richardson, whose husband, Dr. T. G. Richard- 
son, had been for many years associated with the Medical Department 
of the University, as Professor of Surgery and Dean, and who had been 
one of the original members of the Board of Administrators of the Tulane 
Educational Fund, gave the sum of $140,000 to build a new and modern 
building for the Medical Department, on a site purchased by the Tulane 
Board, and to equip the building with every needed appliance for the most 
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442 * STATE INSTITUTIONS. 

In February, 1900, Mrs. Caroline Tilton donated to the Tulane 
Administrators the sum of $50,000, for the erection of a library building 
as a memorial to her husband, to be known as the "F. W. Tilton Mem- 
orial Library." The construction of this building is in progress, and it 
will be a valuable addition to the splendid group of buildings now occupied 
by the Academic Department of the University. 

Gifts for the establishment of scholarships in the academic colleges 
have been made by Mrs. Ida A. Richardson, Mr. B. C. Wetmore, Mr. 
F. Walter Callender, Mr. Simon Hernsheim, Mrs. Elizabeth Baker, and 
the Louisiana Battle Abbey Association. 

Funds for the endowment of medals have been given by Mr. Glendy 
Burke, Mr. Judah Tonro, Mr. Louis Bush, and M. le Baron de Coubertin. 

The productive endowment fund of the entire University, including 
the Newcomb College and the professional schools, amounts to about 
$1,350,000. Its buildings and equipment represents an investment of 
about $850,000. 

The State of Louisiana, in accordance with the usage of all American 
States, exempts the property of the University from taxation on the 
ground of public service. It is thus enabled to use its entire income for 
educational purposes. 

In accordance with the terms of Act 43, of the Session of 1884, the 
Administrators give to each member of the State Legislature the right 
to keep one well-prepared student in the Academical Department of the 
University without payment of tuition fees. The number of such scholar- 
ships is now one hundred and fifty-one. Twenty scholarships are open to 
appointees of the Mayor of New Orleans. More than fifty others are 
given by the Board of administrators to well-qualified applicants. No 
worthy young man will be denied the privilege of attending the University 
for lack of ability to pay the tuition fees. It is the purpose of the Admin- 
istrators to extend its benefits as widely as possible with the means at 
their command. 

BOARD OF ADMINISTRATORS. 

Charles Erasmus Fenner, B. L., LL. D President 

James McConnell, B. L First Vice President 

Robert Miller Walmsley Second Vice President 

Edgar Howard Farrar, M. A. Henry Ginder, 

Benjamin Morgan Palmer, D. D., LL. D. Joseph Chandler Morris, 
Walker Brain ard Spencer, A. B., B. L., George Quintard Whitney, 
Beverley Ellison Warner, A. M., D. D., John Baptist Levert, 
Walter Denis Denegre, A. B., B. L., Asi-iton Phelps, 

Walter Robinson Stauffer, Charles Janvier, 

John Dymond, Jr., A. B., B. L. 
Ex-Officio : 

William Wright Heard Governor of Louisiana 

Paul Capdevielle Mayor of New Orleans 

Joseph V. Calhoun State Superintendent of Public Education 



1 |hh| j-^r||pi 







444 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 

Joseph Anatole Hincks, Secretary and Treasurer of the Tulane Educa- 
tional Fund. 
Richard Kearny Bruff, Secretary of the University. 

OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION. 

Edwin Anderson Alderman, D. C. L., LL. D., President of the Uni- 
versity. 

Brown Ayres, B. Sc, Ph. D., Vice-Chairman of the Faculty, Dean 
of Academic Colleges and Professor of Physics and Astronomy. 

Stanford Emerson Chaille, A. M., M. D., LL. D., Dean of the Medi- 
cal Department and Professor of Physiology, Hygiene and Pathological 
Anatomy. 

Ernest Sydney Lewis, M. D., Professor of General and Clinical Ob- 
stetrics and Disease of Women and Children. 

John Barnwell Elliott, A. B., M. D., Ph. D., Professor of the 
Theory and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine. 

John Hanno Deiler, (Graduate Royal Normal College of Munchen- 
Freising), Professor of German Language and Literature. 

Alcee Fortier, D. Lt., Professor of Romance Languages. 

Robert Sharp, A. M., Ph. D., Professor of English. 

Edmond Souchon, M. D., Professor of Anatomy and Clinical Surgery. 

John Morse Ordway, A. M., Professor of Biology (Newcomb Col- 
lege). 

William Woodward (Graduate Mass. Normal Art School), Professor 
of Drawing and Painting (Newcomb College). 

Henry Denis, B. L., Professor of Civil Law and Lecturer on the 
Land Laws of the United States. 

John Rose Ficklen, B. Let., Professor of History and Political 
Science. 

John Williamson Caldwell, A. M., M. D., Professor of Chemistry 
and Geology. 

Ellsworth Woodward (Graduate Rhode Island School of Design), 
Professor of Drawing and Painting, and Director of Art Instruction 
(Newcomb College). 

Brandt Van Blarcom Dixon, A. M., LL. D., President of the New- 
comb College, and Professor of Philosophy. 

Jane Caldwell Nixon, Professor of English and Rhetoric (Newcomb 
College). 

Evelyn Walton Ordway, B. S., Professor of Chemistry (Newcomb 
College). 

Marie Augustin, Professor of French (Newcomb College). 

Frank Adair Monroe, Professor of Commercial Law and the Law ol 
Corporations. 

Harry Hinckley Hall, B. L., Dean of the Law Department, and 
Professor of Criminal Law, the Law of Evidence and of Practice under 
the Code of Practice of Louisiana. 

Mary Leal Harkness, A. *M., Ph. D., Professor of Latin (Newcomb 
College). 



STATE INSTITUTIONS. 445 

James Hardy Dillard, M. A., B. L., D. Lt., Professor of Latin. 

William Benjamin Smith, A. M., Ph. D., Professor of Mathematics. 

Louis Eavrot Reynaud, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica, Thera- 
peutics, and Clinical Medicine. 

William Henry Creighton, U. S. N., Professor of Mechanical En- 
gineering. 

Rudolph Matas, M. D., Professor of General and Clinical Surgery. 

Frederick Wespy, Ph. D., Professor of Greek and German (New- 
comb College). 

Abraham Louis Metz, M. Ph. M. D., Professor of Chemistry and 
Medical Jurisprudence. 

Levy Washington Wilkinson, M. Sc, Professor of Industrial and 
Sugar Chemistry. 

Thomas Carter, A. B., B. D., Professor of Greek. 

Thomas Cargill Warner Ellis, A. B., B. L., Professor of Admiralty 
and International Law. 

Eugene Davis Saunders, B. L., Professor of Constitutional Law, 
Common Law and Equity. 

Mary Cass Spencer, A. B., M. S., Professor of Mathematics (New- 
comb College). 

Clara Gregory Baer (Graduate Posse Normal School of Gymnas- 
tics), Professor of Physical Education (Newcomb College). 

George Eugene Beyer (University of Berlin), Acting Professor of 
Biology and Natural History, and Curator of Museum. 

James Adair Lyo^, Jr., A. M., Professor of Physics (Newcomb Col- 
lege). 

Douglas Smith Anderson, M. A., Associate Professor of Electrical 
Engineering. 

Morton Arnold Aldrich, Ph. D., Associate Professor of Economics 
and Sociology. 

Edward Ernest Shed3, M. A., Ph. D., Associate Professor of Philos- 
ophy and Pedagogy. 

Gertrude Eoberts Smith (Graduate Mass. Normal Art School), As- 
sistant Professor of Drawing and Painting (Newcomb College). 

Mary Given Sheerer (Graduate Cincinnati Art Academy), Assistant 
Professor in Art Department (Newcomb College). 

William Benjamin Gregory, M. E., Assistant Professor of Experi- 
mental Engineering and Mechanism. 

William Prentiss Brown, A. M., Assistant Professor of English and 
Latin. 

Henry Fisler Rugan, Assistant Professor of Mechanic Arts. 

Benjamin Palmer Caldwell, A. B., Ch. E., Ph. D., Assistant Pro- 
fessor of Chemistry. 

Winter Lincoln Wilson, M. S., Assistant Professor of Civil Engin- 
eering. 

And forty lecturers, demonstrators, Instructors and assistants, mak- 
ing a total teaching force of eighty-seven. 



446 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 



LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY. 
BATON ROUGE. 

The visitor strolling through the capital of Louisiana finds no more 
attractive spot than the beautiful grounds of the Louisiana State Uni- 
versity. The smooth-shaven lawns, the shaded walks, the flowers, the 
giant oaks, and the quaint old buildings form an ideal setting for the 
handsome cadets who gather in groups about the grounds and buildings. 

The grounds lie between the northernmost street of the city and the 
fine artificial lake that was formed some years ago by building a dam 
across Bayou Gracie. They have a frontage of nearly half a mile on the 
bluff overlooking the Mississippi river, and extend back more than a 
mile. The front is occupied by the University proper, and the back by 
one of the. three Experiment Stations of the University, the other two 
being located at Audubon Park, in New Orleans, and at Calhoun, in 
Ouachita parish. 

The buildings and grounds were formerly used by the United States 
as a garrison, but were given to Louisiana in 1886 for the use of the 
State University. Around this old military post cluster historic associ- 
ations of greatest interest. Occupied in succession by French, English, 
Spanish and American garrisons, it has been at some time the temporary- 
home of nearly every man who has become distinguished in the military 
history of the United States. 

The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical 
College had its origin in certain grants of land made by the United 
States government "for the use of a seminary of learning." It was first 
established near Alexandria, in Rapides parish, under the name of the 
Louisiana State Seminary of Learning and Military Academy, and was 
opened on January 2, 1860, with Col. (afterwards General) W. T. Sher- 
man as Superintendent. In October, 1869, its buildings were destroyed 
by fire, and the institution was moved to Baton Rouge. 

The Agricultural and Mechanical College was founded on land grants 
of the United States government, made in 1862 for that purpose, and 
was combined with the State University in 1877. 

Since its foundation, the University has had within its walls, either 
as professors or as students, many men who have risen to prominence in 
the State and Nation. The University is justly proud of its past career, 
but it is young enough to look to the future, and its influence and power 
for good were never so great as they are to-day. 

The object of the institution is to devote special attention to the 
sciences relating to Agriculture and the Mechanical Arts, and at the 
same time, to offer to its students opportunities for broad and liberal 



448 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 

literary and general scientific education. It offers eight regular courses 
of study, the Agricultural, Mechanical, Civil Engineering, Sugar En- 
gineering, Commercial, General Science, Latin Science and Literary, be- 
sides special and post graduate courses for students who are ready for 
such courses. 

The course in Agriculture, for which the experiment stations, gardens 
and well-equipped laboratories give exceptional facilities, is designed to 
meet the educational needs of the farmers in this progressive age. 

The sugar planter is not only an agriculturist, but a manufacturer; 
and to train experts in this important industry, courses of instruction are 
necessary that few colleges can offer. With trained experts in. its scien- 
tific chairs, workshops and Sugar Experiment Station, located in our own 
sugar belt, the University has superior facilities to gve thorough theoret- 
ical and practical instruction in everything pertaining to the culture and 
manufacture of sugar. 

The courses in Mechanical and Civil Engineering not only give 
thorough training in the higher mathematics, but fit the student to fill 
the positions that are rapidly opening to capable surveyors and engineers. 
The graduates in these courses find ready employment in good positions. 

The General Science Course gives a broad scientific training, and at 
the same time affords an opportunity for the student, to specialize, during 
the Junior and Senior years, in the science of his choice. Many students 
in this course specialize in Chemistry, for which the University offers 
facilities that cannot be surpassed in the South. 

The Commercial Course, while not ignoring the liberal training and 
instruction which are of value in all occupations and professions, aims 
"to train the mental faculties most needed in business and to impart 
the kinds of knowledge most serviceable in business." 

The other courses aim at general rather than special culture. In 
them the student combines scientific with linguistic training; or, while 
not neglecting the broader divisions of science, becomes familiar with the 
masterpieces of literary art, ancient and modern, and is thus trained 
in the appreciation of literary culture. 

The current session of the University opened on the 18th of Septem- 
ber, 1901, and will close on the 4th of June, 1902. The attendance has 
been larger than ever before, 418 students having been enrolled. Of these 
twenty came from other States, and twenty-one from foreign countries. 

The University has thirty buildings on its campus, and is soon to 
begin the construction of a handsome, modern library building, for which 
it recently received a donation of $25,000 from Mr. John Hill, of We^t 
Paton Bouge. 

LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY AND A. AND M. COLLEGE. 

Board of Supervisors. 

(Ex-Officio Members.) 

Gov William W. Heard ... .President 

Hon. J. Y. Calhoun Superintendent of Public Education 



450 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 

Thomas D. Boyd. .., President of the Faculty 

William Garig, Vice-President East Baton Rouge 

Samuel McC. Lawrason . . .West Feliciana 

J. G. White. Rapides 

J. M. Smith Union 

Phiip S. Pugh . Acadia 

George Hill .. . « West Baton Rouge 

*T. G. Sparks Pointe Coupee 

H. S. Chenet i .Orleans 

C. J. Ducote Avoyelles 

0. C. Davenport. . . . Morehouse 

George K Pratt Orleans 

F. W. Price Lincoln 

A. T. Prescott, Secretary Baton Rouge 

H. Skolfield, Treasurer Baton Rouge 

Executive Committee. 

William Garig, Chairman, Thomas D. Boyd, 

Samuel McC. Lawrason, George Hill, 

J. V. Calhoun, H. Skolfield, Secretary 

FACULTY. 

Thomas D. Boyd, A. M., LL. D., President. 

James W. Nicholson, A. M. LL. D., Professor of Mathematics. 

William C. Stubbs, Ph. D., Professor of Agriculture. 

Harcourt A. Morgan, B. S. A., Professor of Zoology and Ento- 
mology. 

Edward L. Scott, A. M., Professor of Ancient Languages. 

C. Alphonso Smith, A. M., Ph. D., Professor of English. 

Charles E. Coates, Ph. D., Professor of Chemistry. 

Thomas W. Atkinson, B. S., C. E., Professor of Physics and Me- 
chanics. 

Charles H. Stumberg, A. M., Professor of Modern Languages. 

William H. Dalrymple, M. R. C. V. S., Professor of Veterinary 
Science. 

Boykin W. Pegus, B. S., Professor of Civil Engineering. 

Arthur T. Prescott, A. M., Professor of History and Political 
Science. 

A. M. Herget, Professor of Drawing and Mechanic Arts. 

F. H. Billings, Ph. D., Professor of Botany. 

Robert L. Himes, Professor of Commerce. 

Jno. A. Lockwood, Captain U. S. A., Professor of Military Science. 
**A. C. Veatch, Professor of Geology. 

Frank H. Burnette, Assistant Professor of Horticulture. 



* Deceased. 

♦♦Election to go into effect in July, 1902. 



STATE INSTITUTIONS. 451 

Charles Henry Kretz, B. S., Assistant Professor of Mechanical En- 
gineering. 

Thomas H. Harris, Principal of Sub-Freshman Department. 

Alfred Best, B. S., Assistant in Chemistry. 

Henry K. Strickland, M. A., Assistant in English. 

W. S. Borland, B. S., Physical Director, and Instructor in Sub- 
Freshman Department. 

C. A. Mathews, Instructor in Sub-Freshman Department. 

Officers. 

Thomas D. Boyd •. President 

John A. Lockwood Commandant of Cadets 

William C. Stubbs Director of Experiment Stations 

James W. Dupree Surgeon 

Charles H. Stumberg Librarian 

Harney Skolfield Treasurer 

Roger Swire Assistant Treasurer 

B. EL Carroll Secretary 

J. R. Holmes Steward 

John A. Mehler Janitor 



452 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 



STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 

The State Normal School was established by the General Assembly in 
July, 1884. The State Board of Education located the school at Natchi- 
toches, and the buildings and grounds of the Convent of the Sacred Heart 
were bought by the Parish and City of Natchitoches and given to the 
State for use of the school. 

Dr. Edward E. Sheib, now of Tulane University, was the first presi- 
dent of the school. Under his direction the first session was opened in 
November, 1885, with a faculty of three teachers, and an enrolment of 
sixty students. 

Col. Thomas D. Boyd succeeded Dr. Sheib in 1888, and served as 
president until 1896, when he resigned to become president of the Louisi- 
ana State University, and B. C. Caldwell, science teacher of the Normal 
School, was appointed to succeed him. 

The Normal School is supported by appropriations made by the 
General Assembly; the present annual appropriation is $18,000. The 
Peabody Education Eund gives the Normal School $1,700 a year for 
Teachers' Institutes, and from $1,000 to $2,000 a year for other purposes. 

The school is maintained for the sole purpose of training teachers for 
the public schools of the State. Young people who wish to become teachers 
are instructed in the class rooms and laboratories of the Normal School 
for three years, then they serve an apprenticeship of one year in the model 
public school that is maintained by the Normal School, where three hun- 
dred children are taught under the direction of the training teachers. 

The older teachers of the State are instructed in the institutes and 
summer schools that are conducted by the Normal School in each parish 
of the State. The institute conductors that have had charge of this sec- 
tion of the Normal School's work are, in the order of service: Prof. A. 
L. Smith, Dr. Martin G. Brumbaugh, B. C. Caldwell, Prof. Pv. L. Himes. 
President Jas. B. Aswell and Prof. Henry E. Chambers. 

Up to the present time the Normal School has sent out four hundred 
and forty-two graduates, all but three of whom have gone into the schools 
as teachers. Several hundred undergraduates, after one or more year? 
of normal training, have also become teachers; and at this time every 
parish in the State and nearly every town and village has one or more 
Normal teachers in its corps. From 1,200 to 2,300 teachers a year hav? 
received instruction in the institutes and summer schools conducted by 
the Normal School. 

The attendance has increased steadily every year since the establish- 
ment of the school, the average increase being about forty each year ; and 
the enrolment at this time (February, 1902) is 660. 

The course of study in the model school covers a period of ten years, 



454 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 

beginning at the age of six, and the Normal course, beginning at the 
age of fifteen, for girls, and sixteen for young men, covers a period of 
four years. Tuition is free to students from all parts of Louisiana, in 
both the model school and the Normal course; and is also free to students 
from other States who pledge themselves to teach in the public schools of 
Louisiana for one year after graduation. 

The fall term begins October 1st and ends January 31st; the spring 
term begins the 1st of February and closes the last Wednesday in May. 
It is expected that a summer term, beginning June 1st and continuing to 
the las+ week of September, will be provided for at the session of the 
General Assembly this summer, making the Normal School session con- 
tinuous throughout the calendar year. 

The school occupies one of the finest sites in the State; the grounds 
include one hundred and two acres of lawns and pine forest. There are 
six la-ge buildings; the auditorium building containing the class-rooms 
and laboratories and the assembly hall; the model public school building, 
in which the practice teaching and training work are done; and the four 
dormitories for girls. The boarding club, occupying the dormitories, has 
a membership of 275 this year. The young men board in private families 
in the town. 

The expenses of students range from $100 to $140 for the session of 
eight months. 

BOAED OF ADMINISTRATION. 

EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS. 

His Excellency, William Wright Heard, Governor of Louisiana, 
Baton Rouge. 

Hon. J. V. Calhoun, State Superintendent of Public Education, 
Baton Rouge. 

B. C. Caldwell, President State Normal School, Natchitoches. 

REPRESENTATIVE MEMBERS. 

Hon. Thos. C. Barret, First District, Shreveport. Term expires 
July 1st, 1902. 

Mr. J. Guy Trimble, Second District, Farmerville. Term expires 
July 1st, 1904. 

Judge A. J. Lafargue, Third District, Marksville. Term expires 
July 1st, 1904. 

Hon. L. D. Beale, Fourth District, Baton Rouge. Term expires 
July 1st, 1906. 

Hon. W. P. Martin, Fifth District, Thibodeaux. Term expires 
July 1st, 1906. 

Dr. Z. T, Gallion, Resident Administrator, Natchitoches. Term 
expires July 1st, 1902. 



state institutions. 455 

Officers of the Board. 

( Jov. W. W. Heard, President Baton Rouge 

Hon. T. C. Barret, Vice-President Shreveport 

Mr. J. A. Ducournau, Treasurer Natchitoches 

Mr. T. P. Chaplin, Secretary Natchitoches 

FACULTY, 1901-1902. 

B. C. Caldwell, President Arithmetic and Book-keeping 

*Henry E. Chambers, State Institute Conductor History 

J. E. Keeny, Principal of Training School Pedagogy 

George Williamson, Botany, Zoology and Physiology 

George D. Pickels Physics and Chemistry 

William Smythe Johnson Psychology 

Agnes H. Morris History and Civics 

Lizzie Carter McVoy English 

**Margaret Elise Cross Latin 

Laure Tauzin Erench 

R. S. Calves Spanish 

Maude Thayer Latin 

Lillian Mildred Knott Singing 

Anna Gertrude Morse Drawing and Color Study 

Ada Quincey Pitcher Gymnastics 

Annie Ogden Burris Piano 

*Bessie McVoy Piano 

Phoebe Atkinson Violin 

W. M. Bucklin . . ., Organ, Mandolin and Guitar 

Ella F. Montgomery Piano 

Bessie V. Russell Critic Teacher, 1st Primary 

Henrietta Lewis Critic Teacher, 2nd Primary 

Jessie Bowden Critic Teacher, Intermediate Grades 

Augusta Nelkin Critic Teacher, Grammar Grades 

J. L. Westbrook Cashier 

Mrs. Zeffie M. Smith Librarian 

Mrs. Elizabeth R. Lobdell Matron 

Mrs. Anne R. Smyth Steward 

George Freeman .Engineer 

Minor Clinton Janitor 



♦Resigned. ** Absent on leave. 



456 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 



THE LOUISIANA INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE, 
RUSTON, LOUISIANA. 

The Louisiana Industrial Institute has a single mission; that of 
preparing boys and girls for useful living. 

The State has equipped this institution and fitted it for the suc- 
cessful teaching of the various industrial lines of life, including an 
academic course, equal to that of a good college. 

The school was created by Act 68 of the Legislature of 1894. It is 
an institute "for the education of the white children of Louisiana in the 
arts and sciences, at which such children may acquire a thorough 
academic and literary education, together with a knowledge of kinder- 
garten instruction, telegraphy, stenography and photography, of drawing, 
painting, designing and engraving, in their industrial applications; also 
a knowledge of fancy, practical and general needle work ; also a knowledge 
of book-keeping, and of agricultural and mechanical art, together with 
such other practical industries as from time to time may be suggested by 
experience, or such as will tend to promote the general object of said 
institute, to-wit: Fitting and preparing such children, male and female, 
for the practical industries of the age." 

The same act located the school "at Ruston, Lincoln Parish, Louis- 
iana," and placed it under the control of the Governor of the State, two 
trustees appointed from the State at large, and one trustee appointed 
from each Congressional District of the State. By a subsequent act of 
the State, Superintendent of Public Education was made an ex-officio 
member of the Board of Trustees. 

The first session of the institute began in September, 1895, with a 
faculty of six teachers. During the session 202 students, from 22 
parishes, were enrolled. The faculty for the session of 1896-1897 con- 
tained 9 teachers, and the enrollment reached 211, from 25 parishes. 
During the session of 1897-1898 the faculty contained 12 teachers, and 
the enrollment reached 300, from 27 parishes. The session of 1898-1899 
enrolled 298 students, from 33 parishes and 3 States, with a faculty of 9 
teachers. During the session of 1899-1900 there were enrolled 276 students 
from 31 parishes, taught by a faculty of 12 teachers. A faculty of 14 
teachers taught the session of 1900-1901, enrolling 368 students from 36 
parishes. 

The present session began September 10, 1901, with a faculty of 17 
teachers and more than 300 students. The second term of the session 
opened January 21, 1902, with an enrollment of 524 students, representing 
39 parishes and five states besides Louisiana. The student body is divided 
as follows: 309 boys and 215 girls, with 112 girls and 5 lady teachers 



STATE INSTITUTIONS. 457 

living in the new dormitory. The appropriation for maintenance is 
$15,000 annually, while the crowded conditions demand at least $20,000. 

The buildings are all of brick, assuring comfort and durability. The 
main building contains 25 rooms, and the girls' dormitory has 46. The 
music room furnishes accomodations for 9 pianos and the library contain- 
ing 2,000 volumes, is centrally located. The equipment for the various 
departments is worth $15,000. 

The grounds, including 56 acres of land, are well adapted to school 
purposes, being especially marked by excellent natural drainage and 
covered with beautiful lawn and stately oak. 

The school is organized into the following well equipped departments : 
Language and Literature; Pure and Applied Mathematics; History; 
Civics; Biology; Physics and Chemistry; Photography; Mechanics (in- 
cluding Drawing) ; Business (including Book-keeping, Shorthand, and 
Typewriting) ; Domestic Science, Elementary Agriculture ; Music, Print- 
ing, and Telegraphy. 

The work provides for: 

1. A union of academic and industrial subjects, whereby educational 
and vocational training are combined, making acquisition and application 
inseparable. 

2. The intensive study of the essential academic subjects, supple- 
mented by the mastery of a vocational subject. 

3. The daily use of shops, laboratories, and the necessary facilities, 
for good work. 

The session's work is divided into two terms, an arrangement which 
enables the student to begin the course at the commencement of any 
term. Classification is based upon the term's work. Students who are 
unable to remain in school continuously can resume work at the beginning 
of any succeeding term with the advantages and credits of consecutive 
work. 

To complete a course of study students must take all the announced 
academic subjects and one industrial. They will receive the degree of 
Bachelor of Industry (B. I.) upon the completion of a required course. 

A certificate of proficiency is awarded each student upon the mastery 
of any industrial, provided that the student is found proficient in the 
accompanying academic studies. No student will be awarded a certificate 
of proficiency who is not skillful in the use of good English. 

The academic subjects need no further explanation. The industrial 
subjects are subdivided into three general courses as follows, the student 
selecting any one, or two of them: 

1. The General Business Course includes: Printing, Telegraphy, 
Typewriting, Book-keeping, Stenography, and Surveying. Book-keeping 
and Stenography begin with the second term of the first year. Surveying 
is offered to the senior class. 

2. The Mechanical Course offers systematic exercises in Joinery, 
Wood Turning, Pattern Making, General Construction Work, Forging, 



458 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 

Firing Boiler and Tending Engine; Making Iron and Steel Tools; 
Machine Work. 

3. The Domestic Science Course has all the significance that the 
words sewing and cooking carry when used with intelligence and 
economy. Instruction is given in the art of needle-work, including exer- 
cises in model work, plain sewing, dressmaking, embroidery, etc. In the 
kitchen laboratory students make a careful study of foods, their compo- 
sition and use, their classes, and their relations to the human body. 
Every step taken is based upon scientific principles. Instruction is given 
in chemistry, physiology, botany and bacteriology, with special reference 
to neatness, health, and economy in the home. 

The academic classes run each day from 8:30 to 1, while the indus- 
trial classes run from 2 to 5 P. M. 

It would be difficult to find a happier union of forces to prepare girls 
and boys for effective living than is seen at the Louisiana Industrial 
Institute. . The town is healthful and beautiful, the tone of the people is 
intensely moral and cultured. The economic principle is studiously 
regarded from the student's standpoint, $104 paying the total necessary 
expenses of a session of nine months, while intensive study and thorough 
training are noted characteristics of the institution. The student organi- 
zations supplement the regular courses by furnishing abundant exercise 
for the training of the physical, the mental, and the moral boy or girl. 
The students come from the school ready to live. 

MEMBEKS OF THE BOAKD OF TRUSTEES. 

Gov. W. W. Heard President 

Hon. J. V. Calhoun Baton Rouge 

E. M. Graham Ruston 

John C. Pugh Shreveport 

John Dymond New Orleans 

J. H. Dillard New Orleans 

Winston Overton Lake Charles 

J. J. Booles Ruston 

A. V. Coco Marksville 

James B. Aswell, Secretary of Board Ruston 

James B. Aswell, President of School Ruston 

Harry Howard, Secretary of School Ruston 



STATE INSTITUTIONS. 459 



SOUTHWESTERN LOUISIANA INDUSTRIAL 
INSTITUTE, 

LAFAYETTE, LA. 

The Southwestern. Louisiana Industrial Institute was established by 
Act 162 of the General Assembly of Louisiana, July 14th,, 1898, for the 
education of the white children of Louisiana in the arts and sciences. 

The institute is under the control of a Board of Trustees consisting 
of the Governor of the State and the State Superintendent of Education, 
ex-ojficioj and of eight members appointed by the Governor, as follows: 
One from each of the six Congressional Districts of the State, and two 
from the State at large. The President of the institute is, ex-officio, Sec- 
retary of the Board of Trustees. 

The act of establishment provided that the institution should be lo- 
cated in that parish of the Thirteenth Senatorial District which should of- 
fer the best inducements therefor to the Board of Trustees. The people of 
the Parish of Lafayette offered a self-imposed tax of two mills on the 
dollar of the assessed valuation of their property for ten years, supple- 
mented by liberal appropriations from the municipal corporations of the 
town and the parish, by cash subscriptions from private citizens, and 
by the private gift of a valuable site of twenty-five acres. This offer 
proved to be the best among several that were submitted in active com- 
petition, and was accepted by the Board of Trustees. 

The town of Lafayette is the capital of Lafayette parish, is centrally 
located on the main line of the Southern Pacific Railway at the terminus 
of the Alexandria branch of this road, and is easily accessible from all 
points. It has a population of thirty-five hundred, and is at the junction- 
point of the chief industrial interests of Louisiana — those of sugar, cotton 
and rice. 

With the resources made available by the issuance of negotiatiable 
bonds upon the ten-year tax voted by the people, liberally supplemented by 
appropriations from the State, the Board was enabled to erect and equip 
a complete group of buildings, adequate to the needs of the most thor- 
oughly organized secondary institution of learning of the present day, 
both for academic instruction and for manual training. 

The main building is a handsome two-story brick structure, one hun- 
dred and sixty-three feet long by sixty-five feet wide, with an eight-foot 
basement and two large lecture rooms, forty feet by sixty-five, on the 
third floor. The basement contains a complete sanitary system, with 
the most modern plumbings and fittings, together with the main body of 
the pipe-connections for the systems of steam-heat and water-supply with 



460 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 

which the building is provided throughout; and it also contains a series 
of paved play-rooms for rainy weather, lunch rooms, a janitor's room, and 
tne suite of rooms devoted to the Cooking School. The first floor consists 
of six large class rooms, two cloak rooms, two retiring rooms, the recep- 
tion room and offices, and the Library — all opening into a twelve-foot hall- 
way through the entire length of the building. The second floor has on 
the south end two Laboratories for Physics and Chemistry, with suppj.. 
room, dark room, and outlets for gas, water and electricity; and on the 
north end it has two class rooms and a supply room for freehand and 
mechanical drawing; while the whole central portion of the second floor 
forms the ample and beautiful Auditorium, sixty-two feet in width by 
seventy-two feet in length and twenty-four feet from floor to ceiling — 
the most attractive feature of the building. This auditorium, with the 
stage and retiring rooms in one corner, has a seating capacity of about 
eight hundred, and is now provided with more than six hundred hand- 
some oak opera chairs. Of the two large third-floor rooms at either end 
of the building, one is the Gymnasium, and has two locker rooms; the 
other is the Literary Society Hall and Music Koom, and has an ante- 
room adjacent. The building is well protected, being formed into three 
separate fire units by thirteen-inch brick partitions throughout, and 
having two complete stairways from bottom to top; and its architecture 
is upon lines of solidity and strength. 

The Dormitory for Girls is a two-story brick building, one hundred 
and forty feet long by fifty-eight feet wide, to afford accommodations 
when completed for eighty persons. As yet the interior of the building 
is completed only on the first floor, which provides comfortably for 
twenty-eight students. There are on this floor seven dormitory rooms, a 
bathroom, the reception room, the Matron's room ,the infirmary, and the 
dining room, serving room, two store rooms and the kitchen. Each 
dormitory room is furnished with four single enameled iron beds, two 
enameled iron washstands, a handsome and substantial bureau, and a 
private locker for each girl. The entire building is equipped with mosl 
modern conveniences, including water supply, both cistern water and 
artesian from the municipal supply, and electric light. 

The Workshop is a single-story frame building of the general di- 
mensions of one hundred feet by thirty, and is protected with a covering 
of galvanized iron. The shop is thoroughly equipped with twenty-four 
work benches with tools, six lathes, an improved saw-bench with two cir- 
cular saws, a planer, a scroll saw, a large grindstone, and all tools neces- 
sary for the best modern equipment of a manual training shop. A fifteen 
horse-power engine drives this machinery and is supplied by a sixty 
horse-power boiler which also heats the main building by means of a 
reducing valve. 

The Industrial Institute offers to both boys and girls a rounded 
course in the academic branches and the manual training pursuits of the 
secondary school — a course that will provide not only for mental develop- 
ment and culture, but also for the education of the hand as being the 



462 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 

most important servant of the brain. It is designed to provide educative 
material representative of the humanistic, the scientific, and the economic 
aspects of knowledge, and to fit students both for the better and more 
intelligent pursuit of the practical industries of life, and also for the 
i ore advanced studies of the college and the university. 

THE FIRST SESSION. 

The Industrial Institute began its first session on September 18th, 
1901. One hundred students were enrolled on the first day, and this 
number was quickly increased to one hundred and fifty. The standard 
fias been kept high, and all students have been urged to take the regular 
and complete four years' course in academic and industrial studies. 
The whole work of the school has been most cheerfully entered into by 
both teachers and pupils. The class rooms, the laboratories, the library, 
the cooking school, the drawing rooms, the sewing room, the typewriting 
room, the book-keeping room, the music rooms, the gymnasium, the 
offices, and the workshop — all are places of the most active and interested 
effort towards self -improvement. And the esprit du corps shown in the 
student organizations — the glee clubs, the literary society, the athletic 
associations, baseball, football, basket ball, tennis, and the several class 
organizations — clearly indicates a most wholesome condition, in both body 
and mind, of the entire school community of the Institute. 

The people of the parish and of the community in which the Institute 
is located believe in it strongly, and give it at all times their most cordial 
support. 

BOARD OF TRUSTEES. 

His Excellency, Governor W. W. Heard, ex-officio Baton Rouge 

Superintendent of Education, Hon. J. V. Calhoun, ex-officio, 

Baton Rouge 

Hon. Albert Estopinal New Orleans 

First District. Term expires in 1902. 

Hon. Brown Ayres ."v. . . . . .New Orleans 

Second District. Term Expires in 1904. 

Hon. John C. Buchanan Lafayette 

Third District. Term expires in 1904. 

Hon. John H. Overton Alexandria 

Fourth District. Term expires in 1904. 

Hon. J. G. Lee Baton Rouge 

Fifth District. Term expires in 1902. 

Hon. Thomas H. Lewis Opelousas 

Sixth District. Term expires in 1902. 

Hon. James A. Lee New Iberia 

At Large. Term expires in 1904. 

Hon. Robert Martin St. Martinville 

At Large. Term expires in 1902. 



state institutions. 463 

Officers of the Board. 

Gov. W. W. Heard, President Baton Rouge 

Hon. Robt. Martin, Vice President. . . St. Martinville 

Hon. Crow Guiard, Treasurer Lafayette 

Pres. E. L. Stephens, Secretary Lafayette 

FACULTY. 

E. L. Stephens, President ; Mathematics. 

V. L. Roy, Science. 

Ashby Woodson, Manual Training. 

Miss Gertrude Mayfield, Domestic Science. 

Miss Beverly Randolph, Drawing and Gymnastics. 

Miss Edith G. Dupre, English and Erench. 

Elorent Sontag, Music. 

L. W. Mayer, Stenography. 

Mrs. Elizabeth E. Baker, Matron. 



464 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 



SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY AND AGRICULTURAL 
AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE, 

NEW ORLEANS, LA. 

The Constitutional Convention of the State of Louisiana, in 1879 in 
its wisdom, established in the City of New Orleans an institution to be 
devoted to the higher education of persons of color, to be entitled the 
"Southern University." 

The support of this institution was secured by constitutional pro- 
visions, entitling it to an annual appropriation for its current expenses, 
by the State Legislature, of not more than ten thousand dollars, nor less 
than five thousand dollars. 

At the session of the General Assembly of Louisiana, in April, 1880, 
an act was passed "To establish in the City of New Orleans, a university 
for the education of persons of color; and to provide for its proper gov- 
ernment." 

On the 3rd of March, 1881 the "Act of Incorporation or Charter" 
was signed by I. N. Marks, George H. Fayerweather, S. D. Stockman, 
Edwin H. Fay, John J. Carter, Robert H. Jones, J. B. Wilkinson, M. D., 
T. T. Allain, Zebulon York, N. C. Blanchard, John S. Billieu, and 
W. Sanders, as incorporators. The same body of men composed the first 
Board of Trustees. 

Although this charter was gotten out in March, 1881, we find that 
the school was in existence half a year or more previous to that date. For, 
on October 10th, 1880, the Board of Trustees held a meeting and passed 
laws designating the proper officers of the Faculty of the school. And 
another meeting was held December 1st, 1880. 

The school started in a very slow way at first, and continued at that 
pace for some years. 

When the act was passed by the Legislature establishing the school, 
through some oversight, the idea seemed not to occur to any one that a 
building would be necessary in which this school should hold its daily 
sessions. A building was essential. The Board of Trustees did about 
the only thing it could do under the circumstances. Money, annually 
appropriated to pay teachers' salaries, was applied to secure the first 
essential — a school building, although a number of the teachers had to 
be dispensed with. 

A building was purchased on Calliope street, New Orleans, and as 
much money as could be spaced was paid towards the same, while a 
mortgage was given on the house for the rest. Annually payments were 



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466 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 

made from the teachers' fund to liquidate this debt. But it necessitated 
a lack of teachers and the holding back of the school. 

The first president of the school was one of its trustees — Mr. George 
H. Fayerweather. He held this office for one year. 

President Fayerweather was succeeded by Dr. C. H. Thompson, an 
Episcopal minister. Tie occupied the position for one year also, when 
the Board of Trustees concluded to apply to the trustees of Vanderbilt 
University, Nashville, Tennessee, for a recommendation of one of their 
graduates to take the position. Bev. J. H. Harrison, a graduate of 
Vanderbilt University, took charge of the university in the fall of 1883, 
as its president. Professor Harrison possessed the intuitions and correct 
training of the true teacher. The school made a very decided advance 
under President Harrison's management. The Girls' Industrial Depart- 
ment and the Chemical and Physical Departments had their beginning 
under his administration and direct promotion. The grade of the school 
generally was raised. President Harrison remained in charge three years 
and then resigned and returned to Tennessee. 

The next president of the school was Bev. George W. Bothwell from 
northwest Ohio. Mr. Bothwell had previously occupied a position as 
teacher in a somewhat similar institution in New Orleans. 

During this administration the school was moved from its quarters 
on Calliope street to its present position on Soniat and Magazine streets, 
permission having been previously been obtained from the Legislature 
to sell the school's interest in the old quarters and to purchase a whole 
square of ground in the then outskirts, on Sonniat and Magazine streets, 
and to build thereon the present, much more commodious and suitable, 
substantially built, three-story brick building. The money obtained from 
the sale of the old building was applied as part payment for the new. The 
Legislature also appropriated State warrants, then at a considerable dis- 
count in the market, to assist in paying for the new quarters. Only 
about $7,500 was realized. A debt of $12,000 at 8 per cent, interest was 
left on the building and grounds. This debt was gradually reduced to 
$0,000 by payments from the fund for the salaries of the teachers. Last 
year it was reduced to $8,000, and interest reduced to 6% per cent. The 
grounds, however, in the meantime have appreciated in value until they 
are now worth over three times their original cost. 

President Bothwe 1 !, elected in 1886, occupied the position of presi- 
dent of the university just one year. 

The Board of Trustees then, in 1887, elected as president a native of 
Louisiana — H. A. Hill, the present incumbent. 

The greatest difficulty to overcome was the discipline of the school, 
which is now equal, if not superior to that of any similar institution. 

There were no graduates of the school before 1887. Since, and 
including 1902, the total from all departments is 213 graduations. The 
highest number for one year, 32, is in the present — 1902. 

The university now has an Agricultural Department on a farm of 
100 acres, a Mechanical Department, a tinsmith shop, a Printing Depart- 



STATE INSTITUTIONS. 467 

ment, dairy, and Girls' Industrial Department, supported jointly by the 
United States and State Governments. It has also the usual Academic 
course. 

The attendance now is 422. 

BOAKD OF TKUSTEES. 

Mr. Wm. H. Preis, Hon. L. H. Marrero, 

Hon. J. C. Henriques, Mr. Ernest Cucullu, 

Capt. A. A. Woods, Mr. J. W. Cook, 

Mr. Henry W. Spear, Eev. A. L. Keese, 

Capt. John H. O'Connor, I. E. Mullon, M. D., 

—Mr. Branch K. Miller, . Mr. H. H. Freeman. 

Officers of the Board. 

Wm. H. Preis, President New Orleans, La. 

J. W. Cook, Vice-President Lake Providence, La. 

Hon. J. C. Henriques, Secretary and Treasurer New Orleans, La. 



468 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 

LOUISIANA INSTITUTE FOR THE BLIND, 
BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA. 

BOARD OF TRUSTEES. 

Gov. W. W. Heard, ex-officio, President Baton Rouge 

C. C. Bird, Esq., Vice-President Baton Rouge 

C. J. Barrow, Esq Baton Rouge 

Jos. Gebelin, Esq Baton Rouge 

Jos. Gottlieb, Esq Baton Rouge 

C. H. Jolly, Esq Baton Rouge 

O. Kondert, Esq Baton Rouge 

Hon W. W. Ventress Iberville Parish 

A. E. Read, Esq Superintendent 

The Louisiana Institute for the Blind is emphatically an institution 
for the education of the blind children of the State. 

Governor Claiborne, in his message to the Legislature of 1806, said: 
"The youth should be regarded as the property of the State, their welfare 
should constitute a primary care of the government, and those in power 
should esteem it their duty to make provision for their improvement." 

The blind are peculiarly the wards of the State, and it must, there- 
fore, afford sincere pleasure to those whose duty it is to be interested in 
the education and welfare of Louisiana children to know something of 
the work of this school. 

The course of study is abreast with that of most High Schools. The 
classes in history, literature, arithmetic and the sciences (elementary 
branches) would bear a very favorable comparison with classes of the same 
grade in other schools. Music is taught by an able instructor. Lessons 
are given on the piano and other musical instruments, and instruction 
is also given in thorough bass, harmony and musical history. Physical 
culture is an important and interesting feature in the regular school 
course, and one, seeing the ease and grace of the pupils as they wind 
and unwind in the intricate marches, would find it difficult to believe that 
they were moving in darkness. 

In the industrial department the pupils are taught kindergarten 
work, knitting, crocheting, sewing, by hand and machine, basket-making 
and typewriting. The larger boys learn piano-tuning, mattress-making, 
to cane chairs and broom-making. The work done in the shop is an excel- 
lent training for those whose sources for gaing a living are so limited. 

The aim of the superintendent and teachers is that of education — that 
it may not be superficial ; and above all, that it may be of practical benefit. 
Life for all is full of terrible possibilities, and especially so for those 



STATE INSTITUTIONS. 469 

deprived of sight, who are, in a great measure, unfitted to battle with 
the world. Hence, every effort is made to make the pupils self-reliant 
and to perfect them in some branch of work by which they can earn a 
living. Several of the graduates are now self-supporting. 

In addition to the regular courses of study, the pupils are read to an 
hour each day. The reading matter is carefully selected and they enjoy 
the rare privilege of hearing only what is good and pure. Thus, in 
every direction an effort is made to throw about the inmates, influences re- 
fining and elevating. 

The administration of the school is vested in the Superintendent 
and a Board of Trustees, the Governor being President ex-officio. 

Under the law, pupils are received between the ages of seven and 
twenty-one, inclusive. 

The grounds are ample and beautiful and the buildings, until this 
season, have been sufficient. There has been a much larger attendance 
this session than ever before, and the prospect for a still larger number, 
is of the best; as already it has been found necessary to decline to receive 
applicants. 

It is believed and hoped that provisions will be made by the State for 
the accommodation of all who may apply. 



470 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 

THE LOUISIANA DEAF AND DUMB INSTITUTE. 
BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA. 

In 1852, the late Col. E. D. Richardson, a distinguished citizen of 
St. Mary, introduced in the Legislature the bill founding the Louisiana 
School for the Deaf. Mr. James S. Brown, of the Indiana school, was 
the original superintendent. The initial attendance numbered thirteen 
pupils. In 1884 the facilities of the school were still meagre, and the 
attendance only about thirty-five pupils. The present year, 1902, finds an 
admirably equipped institution with one hundred and ten pupils, making 
busy and bright the atmosphere of class-rooms and work-shops. 

The recent progress of the school has been marked; its beneficent 
purpose has steadfastly sought the unfortunate children of the State, for 
whose welfare it was established. 

The institution occupies a large and picturesque building, sur- 
rounded by beautiful grounds; a neat hospital, industrial building, etc., 
are connected with the school. Industrial training, introduced in 1890, is 
a most important feature in the school's work. The boys are taught the 
trades of carpentry, shoemaking and printing; the girls, the useful art of 
sewing, etc. 

In the educational department of, the school, oral and manual 
methods are advantageously employed. In fact, the deaf pupil is devel- 
oped along all helpful lines. 

The faculty for the session of 1901-1902 comprises the following 
teachers : 

Oral Department — Hettie I. Patterson, Ernestine Jastremski, Ida 
L. Austin, Ninetta Layton. 

Manual Department — H. L. Tracy, Nellie Cornay, James Goodwin, 
A. J. Sullivan. 

Instructors, Industrial Department — H. L. Tracy, printing; Erank 
A. Dobson, shoemaking; L. L. Hennigan, carpentry; Sarah Hereford, 
sewing. 

Officers, Domestic Department — Anna M. Foules, matron; Sarah 
Hereford, E. A. Dobson, L. L. Hennigan, A. J. Sullivan, supervisors; 
Mrs. Clara Ripley, in charge of hospital. 

Secretary and Instructor of Gymnastics — Mary E. Land. 

iBook-keeper — Henry Jastremski. 

BOARD OF TRUSTEES. 

Gov. W. W. Heard Ex-officio President 

Hon. J. V. Calhoun, Supt. of Public Education Ex-officio Member 

Harney Skolfield Vice-President 

John Jastremski ■ < Secretary 

P. J. Trezevant, Isidore Mendelsohn, H. C. Paulsen, 

A. D. Lytle and G. L. Triohel Members 

Wm. H. Reynaud Treasurer 

Dr. B. Duchien Physician 

Dr. John Jastremski has earnestily served the State as superintendent 
of this school since 1884. 



STATE INSTITUTIONS. 



GULF BIOLOGIC STATION. 

Louisiana's extensive coast line of 1950 miles has always been known 
to be rich in food fishes, oysters, crabs, shrimp, and other salt water 
form of value as food for man. While many States, not so well located 
as Louisiana, have realized years .ago the importance of studying and 
protecting their coast products, it was not until 1898 that this State 
passed an act, No. 182, creating and establishing a Biologic Station upon 
the coast for special investigation of problems affecting fish and fisheries. 
This act provided for a board of control consisting of the Governor of 
the State, the State Superintendent of Education, the Commissioner of 
Agriculture and Immigration and the Presidents of the State University, 
the State Normal, and the State Industrial Institute. 

This board was empowered and directed to locate said station and 
to provide for co-operation in its investigations with the United States 
Commission of Fish and Fisheries; to offer its facilities under special 
regulations to special investigators and students of Biologic Sciences, and 
to publish in publications of the Bureau of Agriculture and Immigration 
such results of investigation of said station, as would be of value in the de- 
velopment of the Biologic resources of the State. 

At the regular session of the State Legislature in 1900, Section 2 of 
Act 182 of 1898, was amended and re-enacted under Act 163, adding the 
President of the Southwestern Industrial Institute to the Board of 
Control, and giving full power and authority to the Board of Control to 
pass all needful regulations and rules for the government and manage- 
ment f said station; to fix and determine a scale of charges and fees 
to be paid by all persons using said station and its apparatus, and avail- 
ing themselves of its advantages and facilities; to elect honorary mem- 
bers, annual and life, on such terms and conditions as the Board may 
provide; to accept donations of money or property for the benefit and 
use of said station, and to devote the same to the purposes and objects 
of said station ; to acquire lands necessary to the extension or improvement 
of the said station; to receive all funds appropriated by the State or 
donated by persons, or institutions, and to control and manage the same, 
and disburse the same for necessary expenses of the station; to fish un- 
molested, in any of the public waters of the State with dredging apparatus. 
seines, nets, trawls, surface trawls, and all other instruments and ap- 
paratus for the sole purpose of obtaining the materials needed in the 
prosecuting the purposes and necessary investigations in the directions 
of the scientific objects for which the station is established, as set forth 
in the original act ; arid generally all power and authority necessary to 
carry out the purposes and objects of said act, in investigating the Fauna 
and Flora of the Gulf of Mexico and the waters adjacent thereto. 

An appropriation of $5,000 was made by the State Legislature in 



STATE INSTITUTIONS. 473 

1900, which, under the direction of the Executive Committee of tihe Board 
of Control, has been used to erect a station building. 

This building, which is now (March, 1902,) complete, has been 
carefully designed and is so constructed as to give excellent facilities for 
biologic work, and at the same time reduces to a minimum any danger 
from storms. 

The United States Weather Bureau has placed upon the station 
grounds a splendidly equipped weather station, which will not only be of 
invaluable service to the operations of the station, but will, by timely 
forecasts of high winds and tidal waves, protect the agricultural and 
live stock interests of the coast parishes. 

Some equipment such as seines, trawls, tow nets, surface nets, etc., 
have been purchased, and during the season of 1901 some investigations 
were made. From the results of last season's collecting and observa- 
tion the location promises a wide range of scientific investigations. The 
oyster beds of the Pass offer excellent opportunities for cultural investi- 
gations of value to the oyster interests of the State. 

The laboratory building will be formally opened to students of 
science early in June (1902), after which time active operations will be 
constantly carried on and the results of all investigations published. 

Appropriations will be asked for to further equip the station and to 
place it upon a basis in keeping with the spirit of the legislative act 
which authorized its creation. 



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STATE INSTITUTIONS. f 475 



CHARITY HOSPITAL. 

This famed institution is dealt with in this sketch as a modern 
hospital and as it exists to-day. Its enlarged scope and usefulness, and 
its broad work, are sufficient for the purposes of this publication, which 
deals with the present conditions of Louisiana, her political economic 
situation, her resources and advantages, her marked position as a State, 
as we now find them. These would naturally embrace her great institu- 
tions, elemosynary and otherwise, and place to the fore-front as a leader 
of the class the Charity Hospital. 

The antecedent history of the hospital reaches back legitimately to 
the year 1727, when is chonicled the arrival of seven Ursuline Nuns, with 
four servants, whose specified duty it was to take charge of the Charity 
Hospital of New Orleans. The hospital of which they had to take charge 
on their arrival was at the corner of Bienville and Conti streets, but 
this was soon exchanged for a more convenient one connected with the 
Ursulines' Convent, corner of Conde and Ursuline streets. With this 
humble and abridged beginning the hospital increased its proportions 
from time to time, moving its location as demanded by events and 
casualties of fire and storm until, in 1784, Don Andres Almonaster Y 
Roxas, a rich and benevolent Spaniard, commenced the erection of a 
hospital on the west side of Rampart street, between Toulouse and St. 
Peter streets. It cost $114,000.00, and two years was occupied in building 
it. The hospital founded by Almonaster Y Roxas remained under the 
patronage and direction of his family until 1811, when it was ceded to 
the public, the building, however, having been previously destroyed by 
fire. By the act of the Legislature accepting it, it was placed under the 
government of a Council of Administrators, nine in number, of whom the 
Governor was to appoint six and the City Council three. 

In 1813 it was enacted that a Board of eight should be appointed by 
the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate, the Governor 
being ex-officio a member. In 1815 the Charity Hospital was built on the 
square bounded by Common, Dryades, Canal and Baronne streets. In 
1832 the property was sold tothe State and converted into a State House. 
With the proceeds of the sale, $125,000.00, the Administrators, at a cost 
of $150,000.00, purchased the square on which the Charity Hospital now 
stands and erected buildings sufficient to accommodate four to five 
hundred patients. Additions have been made from time to time until now 
some 800 can find beds, with comfortable room in case of unusual 
pressure for at least 200 additional. 

The facts excerpted mainly from the history of the Charity Hospital 
by the late Dr. James Burns, and published by authority by the then 
Board of Administrators of 1877, are necessarily inserted as preliminary 
to a brief notice of the institution as it is to-day. 



STATE INSTITUTIONS. 477 

The hospital covers two squares of ground, bounded by Howard, 
Gravier and Magnolia streets, and Tulane avenue, a piece of land 700 
feet in length by 430 feet in depth: On this plot is located no less than 
16 bulidings devoted to the various purposes of the institution. The 
front or main building is three stories high, 300 feet wide and 50 feet 
deep, and of itself contains 34 large and well ventilated wards. In fact 
the building, as it now stands, is a model hospital of itself. Passing 
through its transverse corridor you enter the A. B. Miles Surgical 
Amphitheatre, complete in all its details for the work of modern surgery, 
and which means an epitome of the progress of the age in this regard. 
In the brief limits of this imperfect sketch it is impossible to embrace 
even the leading features of the Charity Hospital. Its buildings and 
accessories, a large portion of which are the result of legacies and dona- 
tions made it by philanthropic citizens of New Orleans, are such as to 
compare favorably with any in the country. The munificent donation of 
Mrs. D. A. Milliken of over $100,000.00 enabled the present Board of 
Administrators to erect and furnish complete the Richard Milliken 
Memorial Hospital for Children. A donation of $50,000.00 from a 
benevolent citizen, whose name has been withheld at his request, has 
enabled the erection of a Home for Female Trained Nurses, now about 
ready for occupancy. The grand bequest of $73,000.00 from the late 
W. T. Richards has been partly used for various improvements and 
additions, as have many minor sums from others. The people of New 
Orleans, and the State of Louisiana, are justly proud of the great 
Charity Hospital which is cared for by the State in a broad and generous 
manner. 

Its present government is as follows: 

OFFICERS CHARITY HOSPITAL, NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1902. 

BOARD OF ADMINISTRATORS. 

His Excellency, W. W. Heard, Ex-ofiicio President. 
E. S. Lewis, M. D., Vice-President. 
R. E. Craig. John T. Gibbons. A. R. Brousseau. 

Geo. Seeman. W. G. Vincent. Dr. Geo. S. Bel. 

Hunter C. Leake. 

HOSPITAL OFFICERS. 

Dr. J. D. Bloom ... .House Surgeon 

Dr. E. D. Fenner 1st Assistant House Surgeon 

Dr. J. M. Batchelor. .. .. .2nd Assistant House Surgeon and Registrar 

Edwin Marks Secretary and Treasurer 

Dr. O. L. Pothier .Pathologist 

Dr. M. Couret Assistant Pathologist 

Walter T. Taylor i Chemist and Druggiat 

James R. Leake Clerk 

John Pander > \. .Engineer 

attorneys. 
Farrar, Jonas & Kruttschnitt. 



STATE INSTITUTIONS. 479 



THE INSANE ASYLUM OF THE STATE OF 
LOUISIANA. 

In 1847 an act was passed by the Legislature "to establish an Insane 
Asylum in the State of Louisiana," and approved March 5th, 1847. The 
Asylum was located at Jackson, East Feliciana Parish, access to which 
was from Bayou Sara, on the Mississippi river, thirteen miles distant. 

The Asylum was opened November 21st, 1848, and 85 patients were 
removed from the New Orleans Charity Hospital, where they were being 
cared for at that time. The report of Dr. Preston Pond, physician to the 
Asylum, December 31st, 1849, shows that 130 patients had been admitted, 
and at that date there were 75 remaining. The following table, from 
the biennial reports at hand, gives the population of the Asylum at 
different periods: Patients 

Tear. Remaining. 

December 31st, 1849 75 

" 1851 78 

" 1853 132 

" 1854 130 

« 1855 162 

" 1856 102 

* 1857 125 

" 1858 137 

" 1859 157 

? 1860 144 

" 1865 172 

" 1867 163 

" 1869 145 

" 1870 163 

" 1871 168 

" 1877 194 

April 1st, 1882 244 

" 1884 472 

" 1888 452 

March 17th, 1890 488 

" 1892 601 

" 1894 717 

" 1896 846 

" 1898 985 

" 1900 1170 

" 1902 1284 



STATE INSTITUTIONS. J 48 1 

After New Orleans was captured by the Federals in 1862, no more 
insane were sent from there to Jackson until the close of the war. New 
Orleans assumed charge of her indigent insane in 1866 at the old Marine 
Hospital, which was known as the City Insane Asylum, until 1882 when 
they were transferred to the State Insane Asylum at Jackson. On 
February 5th, 1878, a committee composed of Drs. Charles Turpin, John 
J. Castellanos, C. J. Bickham, I. L. Crawcour, and E. S. Lewis, made an 
elaborate official report upon the conditions of the City Insane Asylum to 
the Mayor and Administrators of the City of New Orleans, in which they 
strongly condemned that institution. In 1881, out of an average of 170 
patients confined in the City Insane Asylum of New Orleans, 69 of that 
number died. They cost the city in the eleven years from 1871 to 1881, 
inclusive, $231,791.41. There was no epidemic that year, yet the annual 
mortality was 40.5 per cent. The death rate in the State Insane Asylum 
for 1900 was 6.43 per cent., and in 1901, 5.24 per cent. 

Previous to the Civil War of 1861-65, not more than a score of "free 
negroes" were received into the Asylum, while slaves were excluded. The 
insane slaves, who were comparatively few in numbers, were cared for on 
the plantations by their owners. 

Of the 84 admissions to the State Insane Asylum in 1865, thirteen 
were colored people. From that time the negro began to occupy an 
important numerical position among the insane of Louisiana. At this 
date, March 17th, 1902, there are 465 colored patients in the Asylum. 

From 1848 to 1852, Mr. James King was superintendent and Dr. 
Preston Pond was visiting physician. In 1852 E. C. Power became 
superintendent. In 1856 Dr. G. W. Mayberry became superintendent. 
In 1857 Dr. J. E. T. Gourlay became superintendent, succeeded by the 
following : 

1858, Dr. J. D. Barkdull, who continued until during the Civil War. 

1866, Dr. Preston Pond. 

1870, Dr. L. A. Burgess. 

1877, Dr. J. W. Jones, who continued until 1890. 

1890, Dr. L. G. Perkins. 

1892, Dr. A. Gayden, until January, 1897. 

1897, Dr. Geo. A. B. Hays, the present superintendent. 

At the close of the biennial period, March 17th, 1896, there were 846 
patients in the Asylum. In six years that number has increased to 1284, 
as follows: 

White males 448 

White females 371 

Total white 819— 819 

Colored males 210 

Colored females 255 

Total colored 465— 465 

Grand total 1284 



STATE INSTITUTIONS. 483 

BOARD OF ADMINISTRATORS. 

The officers of the asylum are : 

Governor W. W. Heard President (Ex-Officio) 

James P. Bowman Vice-President 

Zach. Lea Secretary and Treasurer 

William Lynd. C. B. Hicks. 

E. C. Fenner. N. S. Dougherty. 

J. S. Landry. J. W. Nicholson. 

E. S. Hastings. 

MEDICAL OFFICERS. 

Geo. A. B. Hays, M. D ".. Superintendent 

R. C. Kemp, M. D Assistant Superintendent 

W. E. Kittredge, M. D Assistant Superintendent 

The Asylum is filled beyond its legitimate capacity, but more patients 
are being received from time to time. 

At the present time there are not more than fifty insane in the State 
waiting for admission into the Asylum. 



484 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 



THE CONFEDERATE MEMORIAL HALL, 
NEW OKLEANS. 

The Confederate Memorial Hall, of New Orleans, is the outgrowth of 
the desire of the Benevolent Associations of Confederate Veterans in 
New Orleans, to collect and preserve the relics and records of the great 
war between the States, especially those pertaining to Louisiana. 

Previous to 1889, these Associations had met in separate halls, where 
each had gathered from its members some sacred memento of that war. 
In that year, a movement was started, among them, for a hall in common, 
and the bringing together therein of their several collections. 

This movement was stimulated by the offer of Frank T. Howard, 
Esq., of New Orleans, the son of a Confederate veteran from Louisiana, to 
erect a suitable and handsome hall to meet the desire of the different 
Confederate Veteran Associations, and to dedicate it perpetually to thei* 
uses and the preservation of their collections. 

To give proper shape to the matter, the Louisiana Historical Asso- 
ciation was organized, and chartered in 1889, for ninety-nine years. Its 
Board is constituted from the membership of the Asosciation of the Army 
of Tennessee, the Association of the Army of Northern Virginia, the 
Battalion of Washington Artillery, the Association of Veterans of Con- 
federate States Cavalry, and of the Trustees of the Howard Memorial 
library Association; five members being selected by each, to represent 
them on the Board of Governors, who hold office for a period of one 
year. Each Board of Governors elects from their number a President and 
two Vice Presidents, a secretary, who is Treasurer also, and a Custodian. 

The hall was dedicated on the 8th of January, 1891. Public interest 
in it became rapidly aroused, and the collection was soon swollen in a 
notable manner. Until 1899 the expenses of the hall had been met 
by monthly payments from the Confederate Associations using the hall 
for a meeting place. Their dwindling resources warned them to provide 
more permanently for the maintenance of the Hall; and when the Consti- 
tutional Convention of the State met in 1898, it was applied to to make 
provision in the Constitution for "the maintenance, in New Orleans, of a 
Memorial Hall or repository for the collection of relics and mementoes 
of the late Civil War, and of other objects of interest." The request was 
incorporated in the Constitution, and the minimum appropriation fixed at 
$1,200.00 per annum. This yearly sum, with not much more than $100.00 
received from contributions of visitors, and membership fees, constitutes 
the whole income upon which the hall has, so far, been kept up to the high 
standard of usefulness and attraction that it has attained. The State 
appropriation is applied solely to the maintenance of the collection; the 



486 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 

building and its repairs are munificently attended to by Frank T. How- 
ard, Esq., who, beside, has made several magnificent contributions to the 
collection. His benificence to the hall and its collection aggregates & 
large sum of money. In beauty, in completeness, in security, the hall 
claims the admiration of all visitors; and their number exceeded 20,000 
in the past year. 

It is the meeting place of the Asosciation of the Army of Tennessee, 
the Association of the Army of Northern Virginia, the Veteran C n 
erate States Cavalry Association, the Ladies' Confederate Memorial As- 
sociation, the United Daughters of the Confederacy, Chapter No. 72, of 
the Confederate Employment Bureau, Henry St. Paul Camp, U. C. V., 
and Camp Beauregard, United Sons Confederate Veterans. It is head- 
quarters of the Louisana Division United Confederate Veterans, and the 
depository of the archives of the general organization of the United Con- 
federate Veterans. The body of Jefferson Davis was lain in state within 
its walls. The Hall is the scene of nearly every Confederate function that 
occurs in New Orleans. In no spot in the South has so much Confed- 
erate thought, sentiment, glory and historical material been concen- 
trated. It stands unique in the estimation of visitors — a Pantheon in- 
deed! 

The collection numbers to-day fully 15,000 articles of the deepest in- 
terest, and most of them of inestimable value. There are 60 battle flags, 
mostly of Louisiana comamnds; several captured Federal flags; 300 
framed oil paintings, lithographs, engravings and crayons; some 500 pho- 
tographs and daguerrotypes ; 1,000 books and pamphlets from Jefferson 
Davis' library; several thousand of his official and private papers; his 
cradle, his swords and field glass, his watch, and hundreds of his personal 
effects, and as many more that belonged to his daughter, Miss Winnie; 
Mrs. Davis gave the greater part of her relics, and the most valuable, to 
the Hall. Mementoes, papers, portraits of Generals K. E. Lee, Stonewall 
Jackson, Albert Sidney Johnston, Jos, E. Johnston, Leonidas Polk. Bri- 
ton Bragg, Richard Taylor, P. G. T. Beauregard, Henry W. Allen, D. W. 
Adams, Harry T. Hays, Leroy A. Stafford, Randall L. Gibson, Zebulon 
York, W. E. Starke, Blanchard, Gardner, Hebert and many others, too 
numerous to be mentioned, abound in the archives and on the walls that 
enclose them. It would be impossible, except in a catalogue, to enumer- 
ate all the precious contents of the hall. It stands unsurpassed by no sim- 
ilar museum in the South, and by few war museums anywhere. Its use- 
fulness has been invaluable to the State's Pension Commissioners, and to 
the Governors of the Soldiers' Home in their investigations of applicants' 
records. From its 300 muster rolls and other records of Louisiana Con- 
federate troops, the true story of our State's military history during the 
Civil War will be made possible of accomplishment in time, and with 
more liberal appropriation. 

The officers of the Association and members of the Board of Gov- 
ernors are as follows: 



state institutions. 487 

Officers : 

Frank T. Howard Honorary President 

Geo. A. Williams President 

Frank T. Howard First Vice President 

J. A. Chalaron Secretary and Treasurer 

Members of the Board. 

Jno. C. Henry, Harry T. Howard, 

W. G. Vincent, Frank A. Monroe, 

Thos. Rice, Chap Hyams, 

J. B. Levert, Dr. C. H. Tebault, 

J. L. Hempstead, Thos. L. Macon, 

J. C. Denis, John B. Richardson, 

John W. Caldwell, R. E. Craig, 

T. E. Davis, B. F. Eshleman, 

W. L. Goldsmith, E. P. Cottraux, 

G. H. Tichenor, W. G. Coyle, 

Scott McGehee, John H. Holmes. 



488 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 



CAMP NIOHOLLS-THE SOLDIERS' HOME OF 
LOUISIANA. 

in March, lttbti, the General Assembly of the State established a 
Soidiers' Home lor .Louisiana and appropriated lor its establishment and 
maintenance twenty thousand dollars. 

The Directory was composed of members of the General Assembly, 
elected by that body, and as members of the first board were chosen : 
Theo. F. Thienneman, Orleans. W. T. Palfrey, St. Mary. 
Geo. A. French, Orleans. Chas. A. Brusle, Iberville. 

Thomas Murray, Orleans. Eugene Waggaman, Jefferson. 

Peter M. Peterson, Orleans. Geo. W. Munday, East Eeliciana. 

Mr. Thienneman was made President; Thomas Murray, Treasurer; 
Geo. A. French, Secretary. 

The Home was located at Mandeville, in the Parish of Saint Tam- 
many, and from the date of its active operation, in May, 1866, to January, 

1867, ninety-six veterans of the Confederate Army were admitted. In 
1867 the Legislature appropriated for the Home ten thousand dollars, and 
the control remained with the same Board until the administration of the 
affairs of the State were changed by being placed under military control, 
and the administration coming into power under the Constitution adopted 

1868. No further appropriations were made and the institution was dis- 
continued. In June, 1882, the General Assembly amended and re-enacted 
the Act of 1866 and changed the manner and form of choosing directors, 
substituting for choice by the Legislature from among its own members, 
the appointment of the officers of the Louisiana Division of the Army of 
Tennessee and those of the Army of Northern Virginia, Louisiana, direct- 
ors of the Home. 

In 1898 the law was further amended by declaring that the board 
should consist of fifteen members; five to be elected by the Army of 
Tennessee, and five by the Army of Northern Virginia, and five by 
appointment by the Governor. 

The appropriation for the work indicated by the act was five thousand 
dollars for the two succeeding years. Under this act the Board con- 
sisted of: 

Francis T. Nicholls Army Northern Virginia, Louisiana Division 

Louis Prados Army Northern Virginia, Louisiana Division 

John H. Murray Army Northern Division, Louisiana Division 

John J. Fitzpatrick Army Northern Virginia, Louisiana Division 

J. W. T. Leech Army Northern Virginia, Louisiana Division 

J. A. Chalaron Army Tennessee, Louisiana Division 

John Augustin Army Tennessee, Louisiana Division 

Walter H. Bogers Army Tennessee, Louisiana Division 

Alfred J. Lewis Army Tennessee, Louisiana Division 

Eichard Lambert Army Tennessee, Louisiana Division 



490 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 

General Nicholls was chosen President; J. A. Chalaron was chosen 
President pro tem., John H. Murray Treasurer, and Alfred J. Lewis Secre- 
tary, William Bullett Superintendent, and Miss Mary S. Hill Matron. 

The appropriation by the State was not immediately available, but in 
1883 twenty-five hundred dollars were received on account of the year 
1882. The Board acquired by purchase a tract of land situate on Bayou 
Saint John, near Esplanade, the present location of the Home, which, in 
compliment to the President of the Army of Northern Virginia and the 
Home, was called Camp Nicholls. In May the flag of Louisiana was 
raised on the lawn of the Home by the daughter of General Robt. E. Lee, 
the daughter of General Stonewall Jackson and the daughter of General 
D. H. Hill. Mrs. General Jackson had made the flag and was present on 
the occasion. Contributions were received from private persons and from 
several parishes, and in September, 1883, a sham battle was given at the 
Fair Grounds under the auspices of the two Confederate veteran associa- 
tions of Northern Virginia and Tennessee, netting over $7000. With this, 
added to other amounts, the permanent work of establishment begun and 
has been maintained to the present. The Presidents of the Home have 
been chosen alternately from these two associations, and up to the present 
time have been : 

Francis T. Nicholls Army of Northern Virginia 

Walter H. Rogers Army of Tennessee 

David Zable : Army of Northern Virginia 

Alfred J. Lewis Army of Tennessee 

Joseph D. Taylor Army of Tennessee 

William R. Lyman Army of Northern Virginia 

John B. Vinet Army of Tennessee 

Edwin Marks Army of Northern Virginia 

Wm. E. Huger Army of Tennessee 

Wallace McChesney Army of Northern Virginia 

Chas. H. Luzenberg Army of Tennesseo 

H. H. Ward Army of Northern Virginia 

Blayney T. Walshe Army of Northern Virginia 

Alden McLellan Army of Tennessee 

The number of inmates in May, 1892, was 140. The present Board of 
Management is : 

W. H. McChesney President 

M. B. Bergeron President Pro Tem. 

1. S. Richards Treasurer 

H. H. Ward .Secretary 

E. H. Lombard, E. De Verges, 

F. L. Place, Edwin Marks, 
B. T. Walshe, A. R. Blakely, 
J. W. Noyes, Louis Guion, 
Thos. McPeake, Alden McLellan, 

J. W. Carnahan. 



Thos. Higgins .* Superintendent 



492 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 



LOUISIANA STATE PENITENTIARY. 

The General Assembly, at its session of 1890, by Act No. 70, carried 
into effect Article 196 of the new Constitution, which prohibited any 
form of leasing- the State prisoners and directed that they be employed 
under absolute State control. 

This act established a Board of Control and vested it with ample 
power, with the consent of the Governor, to purchase lands, build factories 
and quarter boats, establish manufactures, contract for public work and to 
build levees and public roads. 

The first Board consisted of C. Harrison Parker, president ; G. A. Kill- 
gure, secretary and treasurer, and E. P. White. The latter resigned and 
R. N. Sims was appointed in his stead. 

They determined to continue the work of levee building only in so far 
as it could furnish for such work first-class men, graded physically, and 
employ the rest in agriculture. For this latter purpose, Angola planta- 
tion, on the Mississippi river, opposite Red River, embracing 8,000 acres 
of splendid alluvial land, was purchased and some 3,000 acres put into 
cultivation in 1901 in corn and cotton. The result of the years' operation 
was a money revenue of some $92,000.00 with corn, hay, peas, etc., to 
supply all wants for the season. Hope plantation, 2,800 acres, on the 
Bayou Teche, was also purchased. This place is devoted to sugar cane 
and yielded, in 1901, a product of 1,040,000 pounds of sugar, 35,000 gallons 
of syrup and molasses, besides 16,000 bushels of corn, hay, potatoes, peas, 
etc., for the years' requirements. For 1902 about 1,000 acres were put 
down in seed cane and a large crop is in prospect. 

The crops sold and proceeds of levee work, for the year 1901, brought 
in a revenue of $176,000.00, and the agricultural produce on hand Janu- 
ary 1st, 1902, and reserved for prison use in 1902, made up an aggregate of 
some $26,000.00 above the net cost of maintenance. Henceforth the system 
is expected to pay its own expenses of operation and afford a surplus to 
complete payments on the property purchased. 

When the Board took charge on January 1st, 1901, there were 1,014 
prisoners, of which 128 were white and 884 colored, and 981 men and 33 
women. In April, 1902, this total had run up above 1,200. 

The death rate, under the lease system for the eight preceding years 
averaged a fraction over 100 per annum, or about 10 per cent, of the 
population. One year it was 21 per cent. This was cut down in 1901 to 
38, notwithstanding the existence of small-pox in one camp when the 
Board took charge. For the first four months of 1902 the deaths have 
been only 8, which will bring the rate down to 20 in the 1,000, or one-fifth 
of what it had averaged previously. 

At the present time there are 320 prisoners at work on the levees and 
some 740 on the farms. A small factory at the Baton Rouge Peniten- 
tiary supplies the force with shoes and clothing. There will be some 
5,300 acres in cotton, sugar cane and corn this year. A saw-mill and 




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494 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 

barrel factory on Angola are contemplated to utilize the raw material 
there on the timber lands. 

The Board has constructed upon these farms permanent quarters on 
the most approved sanitary lines, which are fitted up with steel beds, 
having wire woven springs. The prisoners are compelled to work accord- 
ing to their strength, but they are provided with the best quality of food, 
all they can eat, including an abundance of vegetables, and are well 
clothed and humanely treated. 

The following tabular statement of the result of the years' operations 
of the Louisiana Penitentiary, under the new system, will be of interest : 

TOTAL PRODUCTS FARMS AND LEVEE CAMPS— 1901. 

Total product Angola State Farm, summary, 1901 $114,870 67 

Total product Hope State Farm, summary, 1901 55,169 47 

Receipts Baton Rouge Penitentiary, summary, 1901 3,716 90 

Receipts and interest levee camps, summary, 1901 63,781 16 

Grand total, 1901 $237,538 20 



MILITARY DEPARTMENT. 



roster of the 
Louisiana State National Guard. 



Wm. W. Heard, Lieutenant General — Governor and Commander-in-Chief. 

Allen Jumel, Major General — Adjutant General and Chief of Staff. 

J. W. Dupree, Brigadier General — Surgeon General. 

J. B. Vinet, Brigadier .General — Chief of Ordnance. 

Ruffin G. Pleasant, Brigadier General — Judge Advocate General. 

E. P. Cottraux, Brigadier General — Quartermaster General. 

John McGrath, Brigadier General — Commissary General. 

George W. Booth, Brigadier General — Inspector General. 

PERSONAL STAFF OF THE GOVERNOR OF LOUISIANA. 

Wm. H. Byrnes, Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Wm. H. Price, Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Henry G. Hester, Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

James A. Ware, Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Ed. H. Lombard, Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Dudley Selph, Colonel — Inspector General of Rifle Practice. 

Arsene Perrillat, Colonel — Chief of Engineers. 

Edward S. Maunsell, Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

W. W. Ventress, Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Jas. T. Harris, Colonel — Chief Signal Officer. 

Alden McLellan, Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Geo. A. B. Hayes, Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Wm. K. Horn, Lieutenant Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Isaac B. Ellis, Lieutenant Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

J. C. Andrews, Lieutenant Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Roger de Montluzin, Lieutenant Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Maurice Generelly, Lieutenant Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Wm. H. Murray, Lieutenant Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Branch M. King, Lieutenant Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Geo. S. Kaussler, Lieutenant Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Jas. J. Hooper, Lieutenant Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

L. P. Vinet, Lieutenant Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Clement Story, Lieutenant Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Andrew H. Gay, Lieutenant Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Orris McLellan, Lieutenant Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Ed. A. Pike, Lieutenant Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Edmond Hayden, Major — Aid-de-camp and Master of Transportation. 



500 LOUISIANA STATE NATIONAL GUARD. 

Ed. A. Chavanne, Major — Aid-de-camp. 

E. J. Banlett, Major — Aid-de-camp. 

J. Stone Ware, Major — Aid-de-camp. 

Edward S. Cobb, Major — Aid-de-camp. 

W. K. Percy, Major — Aid-de-camp. 

Alphonse Prudhomme, Major — Aid-de-camp. 

John C. Blackman, Major — Aid-de-camp. 

Jas. P. Gosseraud, Major — Aid-de-camp. 

W. McL. Fayssoux, Major — Aid-de-camp. 

Alfred H. Isaacson, Major — Aid-de-camp. 

John Marks, Major — Aid-de-camp. 

J. T. Buddecke, Major — Aid-de-camp. 

Frank Lobrano, Major — Aid-de-camp and Asst. Q. M. General (State 

Armorer). 
Jas. B. Sinnot, Jr., Major — Aid-de-camp. 

FIRST MILITARY DIVISION OR DISTRICT. 

John Glynn, Jr., Major General — Commanding. 

E. C. Fenner, Colonel — Assistant Adjutant General. 

Sylvester Walmsley, Lieutenant Colonel — Asst. Paymaster General. 

Ernest T. Lewis, Lieutenant Colonel — Asst. Surgeon General. 

R. B. Scudder, Major — Assistant Quartermaster General. 

Frank M. Kerr, Major — Inspector of Rifle Practice, Aid-de-camp. 

J. Walker Ross, Captain — Aid-de-camp. 

Gabriel Filleul, Major — Assistant Inspector General. 

BATTALION WASHINGTON ARTILLERY. 

Jno. B. Richardson, Lieutenant Colonel — Commanding. 

Harry M. Isaacson, Major. 

Allison Owen, Captain — Adjutant. 

Hubert Palfrey, Captain — Ordnance Officer. 

L. Ed. Bowman, Captain — Assistant Ordnance Officer. 

Samuel H. Peck, Captain — Commissary. 

Thos. McC. Hyman, Captain — Assistant Commissary. 

Geo. Pendercost Thompson, Captain — Quartermaster. 

Gus. Leefe, Captain — Assistant Quartermaster. 

Jos. T. Scott, Captain — Surgeon. 

Maxime Landry, Captain — Assistant Surgeon. 

Sidney St. John Eshleman, Captain — Inspector Rifle Practice. 

Battery "A." 

Sam Fitzhugh, Captain. W. H. Seymour, First Lieutenant. 

Battery "B." 

Frank McKeough, Captain. Morris Barr, First Lieutenant. 

Chas. Pursel>, Second Lieutenant. 



LOUISIANA STATE NATIONAL GUARD. 501 



Battery "0." 



Talbot J. Bartlette, Captain. Edw. E. Baily, First Lieut., Jr. 

Francis B. Finny, First Lieutenant. Malcolm S. Graham, Second Lieut., 

Battery "D." 

W. D. Gardiner, Captain. Jno. T. Leekert, First Lieut., Jr. . 

W. C. Richardson, First Lieut. Calvin E. Sorsby, Second Lieut. 

Battery "E." 

E. P. Owen, Captain. W. J. Nelson, First Lieut., Jr. 

T. S. Waterman, First Lieut. Edwin A. Fowler, Second Lieut. 



BATTALION LOUISIANA FIELD ARTILLERY. 

Jno. P. Sullivan, Lieutenant Colonel — Commanding. 

Wm. D. Chamberlain, Major. 

Daniel P. Lawton, Captain — Chaplain. 

Paul Gelpi, Captain, Assistant Surgeon. 

Albert H. Parker, Jr., Captain. 

W. J. Gayle, Captain — Ordnance Officer. 

John Lawler, Captain — Quartermaster. 

W. W. Fredericks, Captain — Quartermaster. 

"Smile A. Hoffman, Captain — Commissary. 

R. G. Hadden, Captain — Commissary. 

Chas. H. Hamilton, Captain — Adjutant. 

Leonard C. Chamberlain, Captain — Surgeon. 

Marshall P. Robertson, Captain — Assistant Ordnance Officer. 

Battery "A." 

Geo. W. Schwebel, Captain. Chas. Albert Watson, First Lieut., Jr. 

John S. Stout, First Lieutenant. John A. Bergey, Second Lieutenant. 

Battery "B." 

Benj. P. Delany, Captain. Maurice W. Heath, First Lieut., Jr. 

Battery "C." 

H. Bol. Thompson, Jr., Captain. Jos. T. McKendrick, First Lieut. 
Ed. D. Abadie, First Lieutenant, Jr. 

Battery "D." 

Fred. W. Fromann, Captain. Emile C. Holm, First Lieutenant. 

Jules P. Dumestre, First Lieut., Jr. Walter E. Lundin, Second Lieut. 

Battery "E." 

Peter A. Chopin, Captain. Wm. J. Young, First Lieutenant. 

Gaston Horaist, First Lieutenant, Jr. 



502 LOUISIANA STATE NATIONAL GUARD. 

FIRST NAVAL BATTALION. 

Field and Staff. 

J. W. Bostick, Commander. 

Robt. F. Spangenberg, Lieutenant Commander — Executive Officer. 

Hy. G. Shaw, Lieutenant Commander — Paymaster. 

John H. McFarlane, Lieutenant Commander — Navigator. 

Robt. B, Quick, Lieutenant Commander — Navigator. 

Geo. A. Sheldon, Lieutenant Commander — Inspector of Rifle Practice. 

Rene A. Murphy, Lieutenant Commander — Surgeon. 

F. Codman Ford, Lieutenant Commander — Manin Officer, Instructor 

of Small Arms. 
John J. Hule, Lieutenant Commander, Jr. — Past Asst. Paymaster. 
Louis J. Genella, Ensign — Signal Officer. 
Ralph Handlin, Ensign — Signal Officer. 
John C. Febiger, Lieutenant— Ordnance Officer. 
Richard C. "Wilson, Lieutenant Commander — Chief Engineer Officer. 

Division "A," First Naval Battalion. 

Chas. I. Kiehl, Lieutenant. Edward A. Gamard, Ensign. 

Eugene T. Chassaignac, Lieutenant, Jr. Grade. 

Division "B," First Naval Battalion. 

Irwin Fuerst, Lieutenant. Edmond J. Murphy, Ensign. 

Louis M. Gibson, Lieutenant Jr. Grade. 



Division "C," First Naval Battalion. 

Henry B. Carroll, Lieutenant. Walter L. Abbott, Lieut., Jr. Grade. 
William S. Delany, Ensign. 



Division "D," First Naval Battalion. 
E. B. McKirmey, Lieutenant. Ernest D. Ivy, Lieutenant, Jr. 

Division "E," First Naval Battalion. 

Thos. S. Collins, Lieutenant. John S. Baird, Lieut., Jr. Grade. 
Don V. Dyer, Ensign. 

Division "F," First Naval Battalion. 

John S. Barelli, Lieutenant. Jas. A. Oakes, Lieut., Jr. Grade. 
David R. Aiken, Ensign. 



LOUISIANA STATE NATIONAL GUARD. 503 

FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY L. S. N. G. 

Field and Staff. 

Geo. M. Hodgdon, Colonel — Commanding. 

Harry A. Banners, Lieutenant Colonel. 

01. W. Hainkel, Major. 

Juste Fontaine, Jr., Major. 

Emmet L. Montgomery, First Lieutenant — Adjutant. 

Frank J. Chalaron, Major — Surgeon. , 

Allen Jumel, Jr., Captain — Assistant Surgeon. 

S. F. Mioton, Captain — Assistant Surgeon. 

Company "A." 
Geo. H. Vennard, Captain. Alex. E. Josephson, First Lieutenant. 

Company "C." 
A. J. A. Parody, Captain. Alfred H. Ford, First Lieutenant. 

Company "D." 

John N. Subbe, Captain. Charles Epstein, First Lieutenant. 

Company "E." 
Geo. M. Hainkel, First Lieut. Leon Brudlove, Second Lieutenant. 

Company "H." 

J. L. Madden, Captain. W. F. Russell, First Lieutenant. 

Chris. C. Socola, Second Lieutenant. 

Company "K." 

Wm. J. Lawler, Captain. Chas. Dittmar, First Lieutenant. 

Herman S. Patterson, Second Lieutenant. 

Company "L." 
J. Gaston Wiltz, Captain. Arthur Fridge, First Lieutenant. 

Company "M." 

John S. Larsen, Captain. Ambrose L. Rowe, First Lieutenant. 

James P. Boyce, Second Lieutenant. 



504 LOUISIANA STATE NATIONAL GUARD. 

SECOND SEPARATE COMPANY INFANTRY. 

(JEFFERSON PARISH.) 

Jos. Kantz, Captain. Thos. A. Tillotson, First Lieutenant. 

Jno. R. Langridge, Second Lieutenant. 

FIRST TROOP CAVALRY. 

(ORLEANS PARISH.) 

Adolphe Rocquet, Captain. Wm. S. Hero, Second Lieutenant. 

Chas. Robt. Churchill, First LieiArthur Nolte, Captain, Surgeon. 



SIGNAL CORPS. 

J. Henry Warner, First Lieut. Robt. Weiss, Jr., First Lieutenant. 

Perry W. Falls, First Lieutenant, Assistant Surgeon. 



FIRST BATTALION INFANTRY, L. S. N. G. 

Field and Staff. 

F. P. Stubbs, Jr., Major, Commanding. 

Company "A," First Battalion Infantry. 
Lewis P. Kilbourne, Captain. A. Villere, Second Lieutenant. 

Company "C," First Battalion Infantry. 

Horace J. Sheppard, Captain. Louis H. Bell, First Lieutenant. 
Samuel G. Williams, Second Lieutenant. 

Company "D," First Battalion Infantry. 
Chas. L. Oakley, First Lieut. Jno. P. Parker, Jr., Second Lieut. 



PART III 



16 



POLITICAL. 



POLITICAL. 



SUFFRAGE IN THE UNITED STATES. 



States. 



Alabama. 



Arkansas. 



California. 



Colorado. 



i 

Connecticut. 
Delaware. .. 

Florida 

Georgia. . . . 



Idaho. 



Illinois . 
Indiana , 



Iowa 



Req'm'ts as to citizenship. Persons excluded from suffrage. 



Citizen of the United 
States, or alien who 
has declared inten- 
tion. 

Citizen of the United 
States, or alien who 
has declared inten- 
tion. 

Citizen by nativity, 
naturalization, or 
treaty of Queretaro. 



Citizen or alien, male 
or female, who has 
declared intention 4 
months prior to elec 
tion. 

Citizen of the United 
States. 

Citizen who has paid 
registration fee of $1 



Citizen of 
States. 



the United 



Citizen of the United 
States who has paid 
all his taxes since 
1877. 

Citizen of the United 
States,male or female 



Citizen of the United 
States. 

Citizen of the United 
States, or alien who 
has declared inten- 
tion and resided 1 
year in United States 
and 6 months in State 

Citizen of the United 
States. 



Convicted of treason or other crime 
punishable by imprisonment, 
idiots, or insane. 

Idiots, insane, convicted of felony 
until pardoned, failure to pay 
poll tax, United States soldiers 
on duty in State. 

Chinese, insane, embezzlers of pub- 
lic moneys, convicted of infamous 
crime, person unable to read Con- 
stitution in English, and to write 
his name. 

Under guardianship, insane, idiots, 
or imprisoned. 



Convicted of felony or theft, un- 
less pardoned. Person unable to 
read Constitution or statutes. 

Idiots, insane, paupers, felons. Per- 
son who can not read the English 
language and write his name. 

Insane, under guardianship, con- 
victed of felony or any infamous 
crime. 

Idiots, insane, convicted of crime 
punishable by imprisonment un- 
til pardoned, failure to pay taxes. 

Under guardianship, idiots, insane, 
convicted of felony, treason, or 
embezzlement of public funds, 
polvgamist or bigamist. 

Convicted of felony. 

Convicted of crime and disfran- 
chised by judgment of the court, 
United States soldiers, sailors, 
?md marines. 



Idiots, insane, 
mous crime. 



convicted of infa- 



510 



POLITICAL. 



SUFFRAGE IN THE UNITED STATES. 



States. 



Kansas, 



Kentucky. 
Louisiana. 



Maine. 



Maryland. 
Massachusetts. 



Michigan. 



Minnesota. 



Mississippi. 



Missouri. 



Req'm'ts as to citizenship. Persons excluded from suffrage. 



Citizen of the United 
States, alien who has 
declared intention, or 
treaties with Mexico. 

Citizen of the United 
States. 

Citizen of the United 
States. 



Citizen of the United 
States. 



Citizen of the United 
States. 

Citizen of the United 
States. 



Citizen or inhabitant 
who has declared in- 
tention under United 
States laws 6 months 
before election and 
lived in State 2V 2 
years. 

Citizen of the United 
States, or alien who 
has declared inten- 
tion, and civilized In- 
dians. 

Citizen of the United 
States. 



Citizen of the United 
States, or alien who 
has declared inten- 
tion not less than 1 
year or more than 5 
before offering to vote 



Felons, insane, duelists, rebels, not 
restored to citizenship, under 
guardianship, public embezzlers, 
offering or accepting a bribe. 

Treason, felony, bribery at election. 

Idiots, insane, convicted of treason, 
embezzlement of public funds, all 
crime punishable by imprison- 
ment in penitentiary, persons un- 
able to read and write, and not 
owning property in the State as- 
sessed at $300, or not the son or 
grandson of a citizen of the 
United States prior to Jan. 1, 
1867, person who has not paid 
poll tax. 

Paupers, persons under guardian- 
ship, Indians not taxed, and in 
1893 all new voters who cannot 
read the Constitution or write 
their own names in English. 

Convicted of larceny or other in- 
famous crime, unless pardoned, 
persons convicted of bribery. 

Paupers and persons under guar- 
dianship, person who cannot read 
Constitution in English and 
write his name. 

Indians, duelists and accessories. 



Convicted of treason or felony, un- 
less pardoned, persons under 
guardinanship or insane. 



InsRne, idiots, Indians not taxed, 
felons, persons who have not paid 
taxes, persons who cannot read or 
understand Constitution. 

United States soldiers and marines, 
paupers, criminals convicted once 
until pardoned, felons and viola- 
tors of suffrage laws convicted a 
second time. 



POLITICAL. 

SUFFRAGE IN THE UNITED STATES. 



511 



States. 



Montana. 
Nebraska, 



Nevada , 

New Hampshire 



New Jersey. 



New York 

North Carolina. 

North Dakota. . 



Ohio... 
Oregon, 



Pennsylvania . . . 



Req'm'ts as to citizenship 



Citizen of the United 
States. 

Citizen of the United 
States, or alien who 
has declared inten- 
tion. 

Citizen of the United 
States. 

Citizen of the United 
States. 



Citizen of the United 
States, or alien who 
has declared inten- 
tion 30 days prior to 
election. 

Citizen who shall have 
been a citizen for 90 
days. 

Citizen of the United 
States. 



Citizen of the United 
States, alien who has 
declared intention 1 
year and civilized In- 
dian. 

Citizen of the United 
States. 

Citizen of the United 
States, or alien who 
has declared inten- 
tion one year preced- 
ing election. 

Citizen of the United 
States at least one 
month, and if 22 years 
old or more,must have 
paid tax within two 
years. 



Persons excluded from suffrage. 



Felons, unless pardoned, idiots, in- 
sane, United States soldiers, sea- 
men, and marines, Indians. 
Persons excluded from suffrage. 
Convicts. 



Idiots, insane, unpardoned convicts, 
Indians, Chinese. 

Paupers (except honorably dis- 
charged United States soldiers 
and sailors), persons excused 
from paying taxes at their own 
request. 

Idiots, insane paupers, persons con- 
victed of crimes (unless pardon- 
ed) which exclude them from be- 
ing witnesses. 

Convicted of bribery or any infa- 
mous crime, Indians under tribal 
relations. 

Convicted of felony or other infa- 
mous crime, idiots, lunatics, per- 
sons unable to read or write, un- 
less lineal descendant of citizen 
of United States prior to Jan. 1, 
1867, non-payment of poll tax. 

Under guardianship, persons non 
compos mentis, or convicted of 
felony and/ treason, unless re- 
stored to civil rights. 

Felony until pardoned, idiots, in- 
sane, United States soldiers and 
sailors. 

Idiots, insane, convicted of felony, 
United States soldiers and sailors, 
Chinese* 



Convicted of some offense whereby 
right of suffrage is forfeited, 
non-taxpayers. 



512 



POLITICAL. 



SUFFRAGE IN THE UNITED STATES. 



States. 



Khode Island. 



South Carolina, 



Washington. .. 
West Virginia. 
Wisconsin .... 



Wyoming. 



Req'm'ts as to citizenship 



South Dakota. 
Tennessee. .. . 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 



Citizen of the United 
States. 



Citizen of the United 
States. 



Citizen of the United 
States, or alien who 
has declared intention 

Citizen of the United 
States who has paid 
poll tax of preceding 
year. 

Citizen of the United 
States, or alien who 
has declared intention. 

Citizen, male and fe- 
male. 

Citizen of the United 
States. 



Citizen of the United 
States. 



Citizen of the United 
States. 

Citizen of the State. 



Citizen of the United 
States, or alien who 
has declared inten- 
tion. 

Citizen of the United 
States, male and fe- 
male. 



Persons excluded from suffrage. 



Paupers, lunatics, persons non com- 
pos mentis, convicted of bribery 
or infamous crime until restored 
to right to vote under guardianship. 

Convicted of treason, murder, or 
other infamous crime, dueling, 
paupers, insane, idiots, person 
who has not paid poll tax, who 
cannot read and write any sec- 
tion of the State Constitution, 
or can show that he has paid all 
taxes on property within the State 
assessed at $300. 

Under guardianship, idiots, insane, 
convicted of treason or felony, 
unless pardoned. 

Convicted of bribery or other in- 
famous offense. 



Idiots, lunatics, paupers, convicted 
of felony, United States soldiers 
and seamen. 

Idiots, insane, convicted of treason 
or violation of election laws. 

Those who have not obtained the 
approbation of the board of civil 
authority of the town in which 
they reside. 

Idiots, lunatics, convicted of bribery 
at election, embezzlement of pub- 
lic funds, treason, felony and 
petty larceny, duelists and abet- 
tors unless pardoned by legislature. 

Indians not taxed, idiots, insane, 
persons convicted of infamous 
crimes. 

Paupers, idiots, lunatics, convicted 
of treason, felony or bribery at 
elections. 

Insane, under guardianship, con- 
victed of treason or felony, unless 
pardoned, Indians having tribal 
relations. 

Idiots, insane, persons convicted of 
infamous crimes unless restored 
to civil rights, unable to read 
State Constitution. 



POLITICAL. 513 



DEMOCRATIC PARTY. 



Platform Adopted at the National Convention Held at Kansas City, 
Mo., July 5th, 1900. 



We, the representatives of the Democratic Party of the United 
States, assembled in National Convention on the aniversary of the 
adoption of the Declaration of Independence, do reaffirm our faith in 
that immortal proclamation of the inalienable rights of men and our 
allegiance to the Constitution framed in harmony therewith by the fathers 
of the republic. We hold with the United States Supreme Court that 
the Declaration of Independence is the spirit of our government, of 
which the Constitution is the form and letter. 

Source of all Governments. 

We declare, again, that all governments instituted among men derive 
their just powers from the consent of the governed; that any govern- 
ment not based upon the consent of the governed is a tyranny, and 
that to impose upon any people a government of force is to substitute the 
methods of imperialism for those of a republic. 

We hold that the Constitution follows the flag, and denounce the 
doctrine that an executive or Congress, deriving their existence and 
their powers from the Constitution, can exercise lawful authority beyond 
it or in violation of it. We assert that no nation can long endure half re- 
public, and half empire, and we warn the American people that imperial- 
ism abroad will lead quickly and inevitably to despotism at home. 

The Status of Porto Eico. 

Believing in these fundamental principles, we denounce the Porto 
Rico law, enacted by a Republican Congress against the protest and oppo- 
sition of the Democratic minority, as a bold and open violation of the 
nation's organic law and a flagrant breach of the national good faith. 
It imposes upon the people of Porto Rico a government without their con- 
sent and taxation without representation. It dishonors the American 
people by repudiating a solemn pledge made in their behalf by the com- 
manding general of our army, which the Porto Ricans welcomed to a 



514 POLITICAL. 

peaceful and unresisted occupation of their land. It doomed to pov- 
erty and distress a people whose helplessness appeals with peculiar force 
to our justice and magnanimity. 

In this, the first act of its imperialistic programme, the Kepublican 
party seeks to commit the United States to a colonial policy, inconsistent 
with republican institutions and condemned by the Supreme Court in 
numerous decisions. 

The Pledge to Cuba. 

We demand , the prompt and honest fulfillment of our pledge to the 
Cuban people and the world that the United States has no disposition nor 
intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control over the Island 
of Cuba, except for its pacification. 

The war ended nearly two yeare ago, profound peace reigns over the 
island, and still the administration keeps the government of the island 
from its people, while Republican carpetbag officals plunder its revenues 
and exploit the colonial theory to the disgrace of the. American people. 

Policy Toward the Filipinos. 

We condemn and denounce the Philippine policy of the present ad- 
ministration. It has involved the republic in unnecessary war, sacri- 
ficed the lives of many of our noblest sons and placed the United States 
previously known and applauded throughout the world as the cham- 
pion of freedom, in the false and un-American position of crushing with 
military force the efforts of our former allies to achieve liberty and 
self-government. 

The Filipinos cannot be citizens without endangering our civiliza- 
tion; they cannot be subjects without imperiling our form of govern- 
ment, and as we are not willing to surrender our civilization or to convert 
the republic into an empire, we favor an immediate declaration of the 
nation's purpose to give the Filipinos, first, a stable form of government; 
second, independence; and third, protection from outside interference 
such as has been given for nearly a century to the republics of Central 
and South America. 

The greedy commercialism which dictated the Philippines policy of 
the Republican administration attempts to justify it with the plea that 
it will pay, but even this sordid and unworthy plea fails when brought to 
the test of facts. The war of criminal aggression against the Filipinos, 
entailing an annual expense of many millions, has already cost more 
than any possible profit that could accrue from the entire Philippines 
trade for years to come. Furthermore, when trade is extended at the 
expense of liberty the price is always too high. 

Territorial Expansion. 

We are not opposed to territorial expansion when it takes in de- 
sirable territory which can be erected into States in the Union, and whose 



POLITICAL. 515 

people are willing and fit to become American citizens. We favor trade 
expansion by every peaceful and legitimate means. But we are unalter- 
ably oposed to the seizing or purchasing of distant islands to be governed 
outside the Constitution, and whose people can never become citizens. 

We are in favor of extending the republic's influence among the 
nations, but believe that influence should be extended not by force and 
violence, but thro' the persuasive power of a high and honorable example. 

The importance of other questions now pending before the American 
people is in no wise diminished, and the Democratic party takes no back- 
ward step from its position on them, but the burning issue of imperialism 
growng out of the Spanish War involves the very existence of the republic 
and the destruction of our free institutions. We regard it as the para- 
mount issue of the campaign. 

The Monroe Doctrine. 

The declaration in the Eepublican platform adopted at the Philadel- 
phia convention, held in June, 1900, that the Republican party "stead- 
fastly adheres to the policy announced in the Monroe Doctrine," is mani- 
festly insincere and deceptive. This profession is contradicted by the 
avowed policy of that party, in opposition to the spirit of the Monroe 
doctrine, to acquire and hold sovereignty over large areas of territory 
and large numbers of people in the eastern hemisphere. 

We insist on the strict maintenance of the Monroe doctrine in all 
its integrity, both in letter and in spirit, as necessary to prevent the 
extension of European authority on this continent and as essential to our 
supremacy in American affairs. At the same time we declare that no 
American people shall ever be held by force in unwilling subjection to 
European authority. 

Militarism. 

We oppose militarism. It means conquest abroad and intimidation 
and oppression at home. It means the strong arm which has ever been 
fatal to free institutions. It is what millions of our ctizens have fled from 
in Europe. It will impose upon our peace-loving people a large standing 
army and unnecessary burden of taxation and a constant menace to their 
liberties. A small standing army and a well-disciplined State militia 
are amply sufficient in time of peace. 

This republic has no place for a vast military service and conscrip- 
tion. When the nation is in danger the volunteer soldier is his country's 
best defender. The national guard of the United States should ever be 
cherished in the patriotic hearts of a free people. Such organizations 
are ever an element of strength and safety. Eor the first time in our 
history and coeval with the Philippine conquest has there been a whole- 
sale departure from our time-honored and approved system of volunteer 
organization. 

We denounce it as an un-American, undemocratic and unrepublican 
and as a subversion of the ancient and fixed principles of a free people. 



516 political. 

Private Monopolies. 

Private monopolies are indefensible and intolerable. They destroy 
competition, control the price of all material and of the finished product, 
thus robbing both producer and consumer. They lessen the employment 
of labor and arbitrarily fix the terms and conditions thereof and deprive 
individual energy and small capital of their opportunity for betterment. 
They are the most efficient means yet devised for appropriating the f ruit3 
of industry to the benefit of the few at the expense of the many, and 
unless their insatiate greed is checked all wealth will be aggregated in a 
few hands and the republic destroyed. 

The dishonest paltering with the trust evil by the Republican party 
in State and national platforms is conclusive proof of the truth of the 
charge that trusts are the legitimate product of Republican policies, that 
they are fostered by Republican laws, and that they are protected by the 
Republican administration in return for campaign subscriptions and 
political support. 

We pledge the Democratic party to an unceasing warfare in nation, 
State and city against private monoply in every form. Existing laws 
against trusts must be enforced and more stringent ones must be enacted, 
providing for publicity as to the affairs of corporations engaged in inter- 
state commerce and requiring all corporations to show, before doing 
business outside of the State of their origin, that they have no water 
in their stock, and that they have not attempted and are not iattempting to 
monopolize any branch of business or the production of any articles of 
merchandise, and the whole constitutional power of Congress over inter- 
state commerce, the mails and all modes of interstate communication 
shall be exercised by the enactment of comprehensive laws upon the sub- 
ject of trusts. 

Tariff laws should be amended by putting the products of trusts 
upon the free list to prevent monopoly under the plea of protection. 

The failure of the present Republican administration, with an abso- 
lute control over all the branches of the national government, to enact 
any legislation designed to prevent, or even curtail the absorbing power 
of trusts and illegal combinations, or to enforce the anti -trust laws al- 
ready on the statute books, proves the insincerity of the high-sounding 
phrases of the Republican platform. 

Corporations should be protected in all their rights and their legiti- 
mate interests should be respected, but any attempt by corporations to in- 
terfere with the public affairs of the people or to control the sovereignty 
which creates them should be forbidden under such penalties as will make 
such attempts impossible. 

The Tariff. 

We condemn the Dingley tariff law as a trust-breeding measure, 
skillfully devised to give the few favors which they do not deserve and 
to place upon the many burdens which they should not bear. 

We favor such an enlargement of the scope of the interstate com- 



POLITICAL. 517 

merce law as will enable the commission to protect individuals and com- 
munities from discriminations and the public from unjust and unfair 
transportation rates. 

Coinage op Silver. 

We reaffirm and indorse the principles of the national Democratic 
platform adopted ;at Chicago in 1896; and we reiterate the demand of 
that platform for an American financial system made by the American 
people for themselves, which shall restore and maintain a bimetallic price 
level; and as part of such system the immediate restoration of the free 
and unlimited coinage of silver and gold at the present legal ratio of 16 to 
1 without waiting for the aid or consent of any other nation. 

We denounce the currency bill enacted at the last session of Congress 
as a step forward in the Republican policy which aims to discredit the 
sovereign right of the national government to issue all money, whether 
coin or paper, and to bestow upon national banks the power to issue and 
control the volume of paper money for their own benefit. 

A permanent national bank currency, secured by government bonds, 
must have a permanent debt to rest upon, and if the bank currency is 
to increase with population and business the debt must also increase. The 
Republican currency scheme is therefore a scheme for fastening upon 
the tax-payers a perpetual and growing debt for the benefit of the banks. 
We are opposed to this private corporation paper circulated as money, 
but without legal tender qualities, and demand the retirement of the 
national bank notes as fast as government paper or silver certificates can 
be substituted for them. 

Election of Senators. 

We favor an amendment to the Federal constitution providing for the 
election of United States senators by direct vote of the people, and we 
favor direct legislation wherever practicable. 

The Labor Question. 

We are oposed to government by injunction. We denounce the black- 
list and favor arbitration as a means of settling disputes be- 
tween corporations and their employes. In the interest of Amer- 
ican labor and the uplifting of the workingman as the corner 
stone of prosperity of our country we recommend that Congress 
create a department of labor in charge of a secretary, with a seat in the 
cabinet, believing that the elevation of the American laborer will bring 
with it increased production and increased prosperity to our country at 
home and to our commerce abroad. 

Pensions for Soldiers. 

We are proud of the courage and fidelity of the American soldiers and 
sailors in all our wars. We favor liberal pensions to them and their de- 
pendents, and we reiterate the position taken in the Chicago platform in 



518 POLITICAL. 

1896 that the fact of enlistment and service shall be deemed conclusive ev- 
idence against disease and. disability before enlistment. 

The Isthmian Canal. 

We favor the immediate construction, ownership and control of the 
Nicaragua canal by the United States, and we denounce the insincerity 
of the plank in the National Republican platform for an isthmian canal 
in face of the failure of the Republican majority to pass the bill pending 
in Congress. 

We condemn the Hay-Pauncef ote treaty as a surrender of American 
rights and interests, not to be tolerated by the American people. 

Admission of Territories. 

We denounce the failure of the Republican party to carry out its 
pledges to grant Statehood to the territories of Arizona, New Mexico and 
Oklahoma and we promise the people of those territories immediate State- 
hood, and home rule during their condition as territories; and we favor 
home rule and a territorial form of government for Alaska and Porto 
Rico. 

We favor an intelligent system of improving the arid lands of the 
west, storing the waters for purposes of irrigation and the holding of 
such lands for actual settlers. 

Chinese Exclusion. 

We favor the continuance and strict enforcement of the Chinese 
exclusion law and its application to the same classes of all Asiatic races. 

Sympathy for the Boers. 

Jefferson said: "Peace, commerce and honest friendship with all 
nations; entangling alliances with none." We approve this wholesome 
doctrine and earnestly protest against the Republican departure which 
has involved us in so-called politics, including the diplomacy of Europe 
and the intrigue and land-grabbing of Asia, and we especially condemn 
the ill-concealed Republican alliance with England, which must mean 
discrimination against other friendly nations and which has already 
stifled the nation's voice while liberty is being strangled in Africa. 

Believing in the principles of self-government and rejecting, as did 
our forefathers, the claim of monarchy, we view with indignation the 
purpose of England to overwhelm with force the South African Republics. 
Speaking, as we do, for the entire American nation, except its Republican 
officeholders, and for all free men everywhere, we extend our sympathies 
to the heroic burghers in their unequal struggle to maintain their liberty 
and independence. 

Subsidy Bill. 

We denounce the lavish appropriations of recent Republican Con- 
gresses, which have kept taxes high and which threaten the perpetuation 



POLITICAL. 519 

of the excessive war levies. "We oppose the accumulation of a surplus 
to be squandered in such barefaced frauds upon the taxpayers as the 
shipping subsidy bill, which, under the false pretense of prospering 
American shipbuilding, would put unearned millions into the pockets of 
favorite contributors to the Republican campaign fund. 

Reduction of War Taxes. 

We favor the reduction and speedy repeal of the war taxes and a 
return to the time-honored Democratic policy of strict economy in govern- 
mental expenditures. 

Believing that our most cherished institutions are in great peril, that 
the very existence of our Constitutional Republic is at stake and that the 
decision now to be rendered will determine whether or not our children 
are to enjoy those blessed privileges of free government which have made 
the United States great, prosperous and honored, we earnestly ask for the 
foregoing declaration of principles the hearty support of the liberty- 
loving American people, regardless of previous party affiliations. 



DEMOCRATIC PARTY. 

National Committee 1900-1904 — Officers. 

U. S. Senator James K Jones, Chairman, Washington, D. C. 

Ex-Gov. W .J. Stone, Vice-Chairman St. Louis, Mo. 

C. A. Walsh, Secretary Ottumwa, Iowa. 

M. F. Dunlap, Treasurer Jacksonville, Illinois. 

Executive Committee. 

James K. Jones, Chairman Washington, D. C. 

J. G. Johnson, Vice-Chairman Peabody, Kansas. 

C. A. Walsh, Secretary Ottumwa, Iowa. 

W. J. Stone, St. Louis, Mo. 

H. D. Clayton Eufaula, Ala. 

D. J. Campan Detroit, Mich. 

Thos. Gahan Chicago, Illinois. 

J. M. Guffey Pittsburg, Pa. 

Geo. Ered Williams Boston, Mass. 

T. D. O'Brien St. Paul, Minn. 

Thos. Taggart Indianapolis, Ind. 

James C. Dahlman Omaha, Neb. 

Norman E. Mack. Buffalo, N. Y. 

Ways and Means Committee. 

James K. Jones, Chairman Washington, D. C 

John R. McLean, Vice-Chairman Cincinnati, Ohio. 

C. A. Walsh, Secretary Ottumwa, Iowa. 



520 POLITICAL. 

Urey Woodson Owensboro, Ky. 

Adair Wilson .Denver, Colorado. 

B. R. Tillman Trenton, S. C. 

J. G. Johnson. ., Peabody, Kansas. 

T. E. Ryan Waukesha, Wis. 

M. F. Tarpey Alameda, Cal. 

M. F. Dunlap, Treasurer Jacksonville, 111. 

Press Committee. 

James K. Jones, Chairman Washington, D. C. 

Clark Howell, Jr., Vice-Chairman Atlanta, Ga. 

C. A. Walsh, Secretary Ottumwa, Iowa. 

Josephus Daniels Raleigh, N. C. 

True L. Morris. ., Portsmouth, N. H. 

J. G. Johnson. Peabody, Kansas. 

David C. Dunbar Salt Lake, Utah. 



DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE. 

state. members. address. 

Alabama Henry D. Clayton Eufaula. 

Arkansas James P. Clark Little Rock. 

California M. F. Tarpey Alameda. 

Colorado Adair Wilson Denver. 

Connecticut Homer S. Cummings Stanford. 

Deleware R. R. Kenney Dover. 

Florida Geo. P. Raney Tallahassee, 

Georgia Clark Howell Atlanta. 

Idaho E. M. Wolfe Mountain Home. 

Illinois Thomas Gahan Chicago. 

Indiana Thomas Taggart Indianapolis. 

Iowa C. A. Walsh Ottumwa. 

Kansas ". •► J. G. Johnson Peabody. 

Kentucky Urey Woodson Owensboro. 

Louisiana N. C. Blanchard Shreveport. 

Maine Geo. E. Hughes Bath. 

Maryland Arthur P. Gorman Laurel. 

Massachusetts George Fred Williams Boston. 

Michigan Daniel J. Campau Detroit. 

Minnesota T. D. O'Brien St. Paul. 

Mississippi A. J. Russell Meridian. 

Missouri William J. Stone St. Louis. 

Montana John N. M. Neill Helena. 

Nebraska James C. Dahlman Omaha. 

Nevada J. R. Ryan Virginia City. 

New Hampshire True L. Norris Portsmouth. 

New Jersey W. B. Gourley Patterson. 

New York Norman E. Mack Buffalo. 

North Carolina Josephus Daniels Raleigh. 

North Dakota J. B. Eatom N Fargo. 



POLITICAL. 521 

STATE. MEMBERS. ADDRESS. 

Ohio John R. McLean Cincinnati. 

Oregon M. A. Miller Lebanon. 

Pennsylvania J. M. Guffey Pittsburg. 

Rhode Island Geo. W. Green Woonsocket. 

South Carolina B. R. Tillman Trenton. 

South Dakota Maris Taylor Huron. 

Tennessee J ames M. Head Nashville. 

Texas R. M. Johnston Houston. 

Utah David C. Dunbar Salt Lake. 

Vermont John H. Senter Montpelier. 

Virginia Peter J. Otey Lynchburg. 

Washington W. H. Dunphy Walla Walla, 

West Virginia John T. McGraw Grafton. 

Wisconsin T. E. Ryan Waukesha. 

Wyoming John E. Osborne .Rawlins. 

Alaska Louis L. Williams Juneau. 

Arizona J. B. Breathitt Tuscon. 

Oklahoma J. R. Jacobs Shawnee. 

Indian Territory 

New Mexico H. B. Ferguson Albuquerque. 

District of Columbia 

Hawaii Wm. H. Cornwell Honolulu. 



CHAIRMEN AND SECRETARIES OF STATE DEMOCRATIC 

COMMITTEES. 

Alabama — John V. Smith, Chairman Campaign Committee, Bir- 
mingham; R. J. Lowe, Chairman Executive Committee, Birmingham; 
John G. Pugh, Secretary, Birmingham. 

Arkansas — Carroll Armstrong, Chairman,Morrillton; Gray Carroll, 
Secretary; headquarters Little Rock. 

California — J. C. Simms, Chairman, headquarters California Hotel, 
San Francisco; Thomas Curran, Secretary, San Francisco. 

Colorado — Milton Smith, Chairman, Denver; Rod S. King, Secre- 
tary, Denver. 

Connecticut— Nelbert E. Cary, Chairman, Ridgefield; David T. 
McNamara, Secretary; headquarters New Haven. 

Delaware — Williard Saulsbury, Chairman; headquarters Wilming- 
ton; C. C. Clifford, Secretary, Dover. 

Florida — Frank Clerk, Chairman, Jacksonville; James E. Crane, 
Secretary, Tampa. 

Georgia — F. G. DuBignon, Chairman, Savannah; J. M. Goldsmith, 
Secretary, Atlanta. 

Idaho — K. I. Perky, Chairman, Boise City; L. C. Rice, Secretary, 
Boise City. 

Illinois — Walter Watson, Chairman, Mt. Vernon; Fred E. Eldred, 
Secretary, Chicago. 



522 POLITICAL, 

Indiana — Parks M. Martin, Chairman, Spencer; W. H. Hawkins, 
Secretary, Indianapolis. 

Iowa— George A. Huffman, Chairman^ Des Moines; A. E. Jackson, 
Secretary, Tama. 

Kansas— J. Mack Love, Chairman, Arkansas City; W. H. L. Pep- 
perell, Secretary, Concordia, 

Kentucky — James B. McCreary, Chairman, Louisville; J. M. Lan- 
sing, Secretary, Louisville. 

Louisiana— E. B. Kruttschnitt, Chairman, New Orleans; Robert S. 
Landry, Secretary, New Orleans. 

Maine— George E. Hughes, Chairman, Bath; Fred E. Beane, Secre- 
tary, Hallowell. 

Maryland — Murry Vandiver, Chairman, headquarters Baltimore; 
Lloyd Wilkinson, Secretary, Pooomeke City. 

Massachusetts — -Chris. T. Callahan, Chairman, Holyoke; W. S. 
McNary, Secretary, Boston. 

Michigan- — D. J. Campau, Chairman, Detroit; C. S. Hampton, Sec- 
retary, Petosky. 

Minnesota— L. A. Rosing, Chairman, St. Paul; George S. Canfield, 
Secretary, St. Paul. 

Mississippi — C. C. Miller, Chairman, Meridian; C. A. Gordon, Secre- 
tary, Port Gibson. 

Missouri— J. M. Selbert, Chairman (Laclede Hotel), St. Louis; J. 
H. Edwards, Secretary, Jefferson City. 

Montana — Walter Cooper, Chairman, Helena; Harvey Bliss, Secre- 
tary, Big Timber. 

Nebraska — Dr. P. L. Hall, Chairman, Omaha ; Wm. Cain, Secretary, 
Omaha. 

Nevada — W. J. Westerfleld, Chairman, Reno; John H. Dennis, Sec- 
retary, Reno. 

New Hampshire — John F. Amey, Chairman, Concord; T. H. Madi- 
gan, Secretary, Pittsfield. 

New Jersey — Wm. B. Gourley, Chairman, headquarters Jersey City ; 
W. K. Devereaux, Secretary, Asbury Park. 

New York — Frank Campbell, Chairman, Bath; John M. Carlisle, 
Secretary, Watertown. 

North Carolina — F. M. Simmons, Chairman, Raleigh; P. M. Pear- 
sail, Secretary, Raleigh. 

North Dakota — Thomas Kleinogel, Chairman, headquarters Fargo; 
E. C. Carruth, Secretary, Grand Forks. 

Ohio — George S. Long, Chairman Executive Committee, Columbus; 
E. A. Crawford, Secretary Executive Committee, Columbus. 

Oregon — R. S. Sheridan, Chairman, Roseburg; W. E. Burke, Secre- 
tary, Portland. 

Pennsylvania — George S. Rilling, Chairman, Erie; J. F. Meyer, 
Secretary, Pottsville. 

Rhode Island — George W. Greene, Chairman, Woonsocket; Patrick 
H. Quinn, Secretary, Providence.* 



POLITICAL. 523 

South Carolina — Willie Jones, Chairman, Columbia; U. X. Gunter, 
Secretary Columbia. 

South Dakota — John Pusey, Chairman, Sioux Falls; J. P. Morrill, 
Secretary, Sioux Falls ; John R. Wilson, Chairman Campaign Committee, 
Deadwood. 

Tennessee — Morgan C. Fitzpatrick, Chairman, Nashville; N. C. 
Robertson, Secretary, Nashville. 

Texas — James B. Wells, Chairman, San Antonio; .Jeff McLemore, 
Secretary, San Antonio. 

Utah — John W. Burton, Chairman, Salt Lake City; James Cohon, 
Secretary, Salt Lake City. 

Virginia — J. Taylor Ellyson, Chairman, Richmond; J. Button, Sec- 
retary, Walker's Ford. 

Vermont — Emery S. Harris, Chairman, Bennington; C. A. C. Jack- 
son, Secretary, Montpelier. 

Washington — Henry Drum, Chairman, Spokane; A. M. Mecklem, 
Secretary, Spokane. 

Wisconsin — A. F. Warden, Chairman, Milwaukee; C. J. Noel, Sec- 
retary, Marinette. 

Alaska — F. C. Hammond, Chairman, Juneau; F. D. Kelsey, Secre- 
tary, Juneau. 

West Virginia — J. N. Miller, Chairman, Hinton-Charleston ; W. 
E. R. Byrne, Secretary, Charleston. 

Wyoming — Colin Hunter, Chairman, Cheyenne ; Luke Voorhees, Sec- 
retary, Cheyenne. 

Arizona — T. E. Farish, Chairman, Phoenix; Frank P. Trott, Secre- 
tary, Phoenix. 

Oklahoma — Wm. M. Henderson, Chairman, Oklahoma City; Verds 
V. Hardcastle, Secretary, Oklahoma City; John T. Taylor, Chairman 
Territorial Committee, Guthrie. 

New Mexico — C. E. Easley, Chairman, Santa Fe; A. E. Renne- 
han, Secretary, Santa Fe. 

Hawaii — Col. Chas. McCarthy, Chairman, Honolulu; Ed M. Hart, 
Secretary, Honolulu. 



PLATFORM OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF THE STATE 

OF LOUISIANA. 

ADOPTED AT THE STATE CONVENTION HELD IN BATON ROUGE, LA., JULY 3, 1900. 

The Committee on Platform and Resolutions consisting of the fol- 
lowing named delegates: 

At Large — Congressman Robert F. Broussard, Judge James M. 
Thompson and Senator T. C. Barret. 

First Congressional District — O. A. Capdau, John Dymond, Sr. 

Second Congressional District — E. B. Kruttschnitt, H. C. Cage. 

Third Congressional District — A. P. Pujo, J. Y. Sanders. 



524 POLITICAL. 

Fourth Congressonal District— W. P. Peyton, Wm. Polk. 

Fifth Congressional District — G. W. Montgomery, Allen Barksdale. 

Sixth Congressional District — Charles Kilbourne, A. V. Coco — 
reported as follows: 

The Democratic Party of the State of Louisiana, in Convention 
assembled, hereby adopts the following platform: 

1. We reaffirm our allegiance to the principles of the Democratic 
Party as set forth in the platform adopted by the National Convention 
at Chicago in 1896. 

2. We hereby instruct our delegates to vote for the nomination of 
William J. Bryan for the Presidency of the United States, at the Kansas 
City Convention. 

3. Having our faith grounded on the Declaration of Independence, 
we still adhere to the doctrine that: "All governments derive their just 
powers from the consent of the governed," and we therefore denounce the 
imperialistic policy of the present Republican administration as un- 
American and fraught with great danger to the Republican institutions 
of our country, and as subversive of the principles of liberty guaranteed 
by our Constitution. 

4. We condemn the policy of the annexation of the Philippine 
Islands, adopted by the Republican Party, as a breach of national honor 
and as contrary to the traditions and teachings of the founders of thia 
Republic, and we believe that as soon as a stable form of government can 
be established on said islands, they should be given their independence 
on such terms as may be mutually agreed. 

5. We believe that the pledge made by Congress before the war 
with Spain, that Cuba should be free, should be speedily carried out, 
and that the government of the island should be handed over to her 
citizens, so that we may not have a further exhibition of criminal pecula- 
tion, to the disgrace and dishonor of American manhood. 

6. We denounce trusts and combinations in restraint of trade, and 
demand such legislation by both Congress and State governments as will 
promptly, thoroughly and effectively relieve tihe people from their burdens. 

7. We believe that a nation cannot long endure half Republic and 
half Empire, and oppose wars of conquest and the acquisition of colonial 
possessions. 

8. We oppose militarism. It imposes upon the people an unneces- 
sary burden and is a constant menace to their liberties. A small stand- 
ing army and a well equipped State militia are sufficient in time of peace ; 
in time of war the citizen soldier should be the Republic's defense. 

9. We earnestly urge that our levee system be given liberal support 
by the National Government; that our waterways receive all necessary 
improvements and that the channel of the Mississippi river be deepened 
to the fullest extent required by the wants of commerce. 

10. We favor the immediate construction of the Nicaragua Canal 
by the United States Government alone, and to be held under its exclusive 
control and protection. 



POLITICAL. 525 

11. We favor the election of United States Senators by a direct vote 
of the people. 

12. We extend our deepest sympathy to the patriotic band of Boers 
who are struggling against overwhelming odds for the right of self-gov- 
ernment and for their liberty, lives and homes. 



The following sixteen delegates to represent the Democracy at the 
Kansas City Convention, two from each of the six Congressional Districts 
and four at large, were selected: 

United States Senators S. D. McEnery and M. J. Foster, Justice 
Blanchard of the Supreme Court, who is a member of the National Com- 
mittee, and Captain John Fitzpatrick were selected as delegates at large. 

First Congressional District — Alex Pujol, Vic Mauberret. 

Second Congressional District — E. Howard McCaleb, L. H. Marrerro. 

Third Congressional District — W. H. Price, R. F. Broussard. 

Fourth Congressional District — J. M. Foster, W. F. Blackman. 

Fifth Congressional District — W. W. Heard, J. A. Ransdell. 

Sixth Congressional District — H. L. Fuqua, Marion L. Swords. 

Electors at Large — R. H. Snyder, Thos. H. Lewis. 

First District — Charles J. Theard. 

Second District— W. O. Hart. 

Third District— E. McCullom. 

Fourth District — H. T. Liverman. 

Fifth District— Allen Barksdale. 

Sixth District— S. D. Ellis. 



ROLL OF THE DEMOCRATIC STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEE, 
STATE OF LOUISIANA. 

(Appointed December, 1899, to serve until December, 1903.) 

NAMES. POSTOFFICE. 

At Large — Robt. F. Broussard New Iberia. 

f-Ex. Com. John Brewster 1317 Ursulines Street. 

Ex. Com C. C. Cordill St. Joseph. 

S. P. Colvin Ruston. 

Ex. Com. L. P. Caillouet Thibodeaux. 

B. P. Edwards Bienville. 

Ex. Com. *J. M. Foster Shreveport. 

Ex. Com. John Fitzpatrick 2024 Canal Street. 

Peter Farrell 620 St Andrew Street. 

Sam'l T. Gately 4737 Canal Street. 

C. Taylor Gauche 1521 St. Charles Ave. 

Ex. Com. J. M. Gleason Crim. Court Bldg. 

Ex. Com. Chas. Janvier 308 Camp Street. 

Ex. Com. Thos. J. Kernan Baton Rouge. 

E. B. Ej-uttschnitt 818 Hennen Building. 

•Vacancy ; dead. AExecutive Committee. 



526 POLITICAL. 

Ex. Com. D. S. Kemp Amite City. 

E. T. Lampkin Monroe. 

Thos. H. Lewis Upelousas. 

Ex. Com. P. M. Lambremont (Jonvent. 

A. S. Leclerc 701 Royal Street. 

E. Howard McCaleb. ^328 St. Charles Ave. 

Wm. iVlcCue. 2441 N. Peters Street. 

Wm. M. Murphy laiiulah. 

Ex. Com. L. H. Marrero Amesville. 

T. J. Moulin 1823 Frenchmen Street 

Ex. Com. A. P. Pujo Lake Charles. 

Ex. Com. 0. O. Provosty New Roads. 

Ex. Com. C. Harrison Parker 1617 St. Charles Ave. 

Ex. Com. *Geo. C. Preut. Hennen Building. 

D. C. Scarborough Natchitoches. 

Ex. Com. R. N. Sims Donaldsonville. 

Ex. Com. R. H. Snyder St. Joseph. 

Frank B. Thomas 806 Gravier Street. 

Ex. Com. T. S. Wilkinson Myrtle Grove. 

Ex. Com. Fred Zengel 623 Gravier Street. 

Ex Officio Edward McCoUam Ellendale. 

Acadia — Geo. K. Bradford Rayne. 

Ascension — H. C. Braud Burnside. 

Assumption — Joe E. LeBlanc Paincourtville. 

Avoyelles — Dr. W. G. Branch ..Bunkie. 

Bienville — J. P. Harrell Arcadia. 

Bossier — T. T. Land .Benton. 

Caddo — John S. Young Shreveport. 

Calcasieu — John H. Poe Lake Charles. 

Caldwell — J. J. Meredith Columbia. 

Cameron — Norbert LeBoeuf Cameron. 

Catahoula — C. W. Fairbanks Sicily Island. 

Ex. Com. Claiborne — C. W. Seals Homer. 

Concordia — R. L. Castleman. ; .L' Argent. 

DeSoto— W. B. Hewitt Mansfield. 

East Baton Rouge — Wm. H. Reynaud. Baton Rouge. 

East Carroll — Dr. F. R. Bernard Lake Providence. 

East Feliciana — C. R. Lemon Ethel. 

Franklin— T. B. Gilbert, Sr Wisner. 

Grant — John Randolph Fairmount. 

Iberia — Dr. Clarence Pierson New Iberia. 

Ex. Com. Iberville — Jas. A. Ware White Castle. 

Jackson — Wm. H. Allen Vernon. 

Jefferson — James S. Brady Waggaman. 

Lafourche — H. N. Coulon Thibodeaux. 

Lafayette — Julian Mouton Lafayette. 

Livingston — L. D. Allen Denham Springs. 

Lincoln — S. M. Lewis Rustom 

Madison— J, T. McClellan. Tallulah. 

Morehouse — W. D. Whetstone Oak Ridge. 

Ex. Com. Natchitoches— C. V. Porter. Natchitoches. 

Ex. Com. Orleans, 1st Ward — *Mike Fanning. ..1535 Tchoupitoula9 St. 

♦Vacancy ; dead. * 



POLITICAL. 527 

Ex. Com. 2nd Ward— Walter C. Murphy. ..1124 Baronne Street. 

3rd Ward— *Remy Klock 4140 Canal Street. 

Ex. Com. 4th Ward— Y. Mauberret .1813 Bienville Street. 

Ex. Com. 5th Ward— Alex. Pujol 2336 St. Ann Street. 

6th Ward— Chas. R. Kennedy 1202 Dorgenois Street. 

Ex. Com. 7th Ward— P. A. Capdau 1102 Canal Street, 

Ex. Com. 8th Ward— Jos. Hirn 2318 Royal Street. 

9th Ward— Ferd. Dudenhefer 600 Elysian Fields Ave 

Ex. Com. 10th Ward— Robt. Ewing Daily States. 

11th Ward — Jas. A. Malloy 521 Washington Ave. 

Ex. Com. 12th Ward— Henry B. McMurray. .912 Constantinople St. 

Ex. Com. 13th Ward— Geo. J. Glover 311 Baronne Street. 

14th Ward— Hugh C. Cage 204 Carondelet Street. 

Ex. Com. 15th Ward — Martin Behrmann. . . 228 Pelican Avenue. 

Ex. Com. 16th Ward— O. A. Trezevant 323 Short Street. 

17th Ward— Fred. Deibel 337 St. Charles Street. 

Ouachita— Uriah Millsaps West Monroe. 

Plaquemine — Dr. Jno. N. Thomas. .. .Quarantine Station. 

Pointe Coupee — J. A. Dayries Pointe Coupee. 

Ex. Com. Rapides — H. H. White Alexandria. 

Red River — J. T. S. Thomas Loves Lake. 

Richland — W. N. Traylor Rayville. 

Sabine— W. C. Davis Pleasant Hill. 

St. Bernard — E. E. Nunez St. Bernard. 

St. Charles — A. Madere Hahnville. 

St. Helena — J. M. Odom Grangeville. 

St. James — Louis LeBourgeois Convent. 

St. John — Paul Berthelot Lucy. 

St. Landry — E. B. Dubuisson Opelousas. 

St. Martin — A. F. Domengeaux Breaux Bridge. 

St. Mary — Thos. J. Schaffer Franklin. 

St. Tammany— E. F. Perrilloux Slidell. 

Tangipahoa — Clay Elliott Amite City. 

Tensas — G. C. Goldman ..Goldman. 

Terrebonne — Harry Cage Houma. 

Union — R. B. Dawkins Farmerville. 

Vermilion — Adnen Nunez Bancker. 

Vernon — Jas. A. Monk Leesville. 

Washington — T. E. Bennett Warner. 

Webster— R. C. Drew Minden. 

West Baton Rousre — Gaudens Cazes . . . Port Allen. 

West Carroll— W. S. B. Mitchner Floyd. 

Ex. Com. West Feliciana — S. McC. Lawrason. . . St. Francisville. 

Winn— J. T. Wallace Winnfield. 

♦Deceased. 

Total Membership — 111. 

E. B. Kruttschnitt, Chairman Hennen Building 

Robt. S. Landry, Secretary 204 Carondelet Street 

Hugh C. Cage, Chairman Executive Committee. . 201 Carondelet Street. 
H. B. McMurray, Sec'y Ex. Commitee 912 Constantinople St. 



528 POLITICAL. 

DEMOCRATIC PARTY— CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT COMMIT- 
TEES. 

First Congressional District. 

Hon. Martin Behrman, Chairman Algiers. 

Henry P. Ducastaing, Secretary 5th Ward, Orleans. 

A. L. Lanauze, Assistant Secretary 5th Ward, Orleans. 

Orleans, Third Ward— Clark Steen, Ed J. Flynn. 

Fourth Ward — Rudolph J. Goebel, Sidney Harper. 

Fifth Ward— Alex Pujol, J. L. Rock. 

Sixth Ward — John Brewster, A. L. Lanauze. 

Seventh Ward — Ben. P. Tiller, Jos. E. Generelly. 

Eighth Ward— Wm. McCue, R. W. Riordan. 

Ninth Ward — Ferd. Dudenheffer, H. H. Minor. 

Fifteenth Ward — Martin Behrman, T. J. Mooney, H. T. Umbach. 

Plaquemine Parish — Simon Leopold, Frank C. Mevers. 

St. Bernard Parish — E. E. Nunez, Albert Estopinal, Jr. 

Second Congressional District. 

E. A. Brandao, Chairman Orleans, 13th Ward. 

Col. W. K. Horn, Secretary Orleans, 2d Ward. 

Orleans, First Ward — *Hon. Mike Fanning, Hon. C. Taylor Gauche. 

Second Ward— Charles H. Schenck, E. S. Whitaker. 

Tenth Ward — Robert Ewing, Peter Farrell. 

Eleventh Ward — James Malloy, L. O'Donnell. 

Twelfth Ward— H. B. McMurray, D. M. Kilpatrick. 

Thirteenth Ward— E. A. Brandao, John T. Michel, C. E. Murray. 

Fourteenth Ward — H. C. Cage, M. W. Newman. 

Sixteenth Ward — Edward Harper, O. A. Trezevant. 

Seventeenth Ward — J. Vic Leclerc, Henry Pohlman. 

Jefferson Parish — L. H. Marrero, Amesville. 

St. Charles Parish — A. Madere, Hahnville. 

St. John Parish— Wm. Hart, Edgard; Paul Berthelot, Lucy P. O.; 
J. L. Gaudet, Edgard. 

St. James Parish — P. M. Lambremont, Convent. 

Third Congressional District. 

P. A. Sompayrac, Chairman Lake Charles, Calcasieu. 

Ed. G. Yoorhies, Secretary Lafayette. 

Ascension Parish — Vic Maurin, R. N. Simms, Jr., Donaldsonville. 

Assumption Parish — E. P. Munson, Napoleonville ; Clay Dugas, 
Paincourtville. 

Calcasieu Parish— W. E. Steidley, Lake Charles; Dr. J. H. Cooper, 
Welsh. 



POLITICAL. 529 

Cameron Parish — E. Sturlese, Grand Chenier; P. E. Smith, Cameron. 

Iberia Parish — J. A. Provost, Jeanerette, A. N. Muller, Geo. M. 
Robertson, New Iberia. 

Iberville Parish — A. K. Grace, Plaquemine; W. J. Gahan, White 
Castle; A. A. Browne, Plaquemine. 

Lafayette Parish — A. M. Martin, Lafayette; Aurelien Olivier, Brous- 
eard. 

Lafourche Parish — L. P. Caillouet, Thibodaux; W. H. Price, Thibo- 
daux. 

St. Martin Parish — T. J. Labbe, St. Martinville; A. Domingeaux, 
Breaux Bridge; A. V. Fournet, St. Martinville. 

Terrebonne Parish — John D. Shaffer, Ellendjale; Alfred Daspit, 
Daspit ; Ed McCullom, Houma. 

St. Mary Parish — J. Y. Sanders, Eranklin. 

Vermilion Parish — Adrien Nunez, Abbeville. 

Fourth Congressional District. 

D. T. Stafford, Chairman Alexandria. 

Leon R. Smith, Secretary Shreveport 

Caddo — J. A. Thigpen, Shreveport. 
Bossier — E. S. Dortch, Taylortown. 
Bienville — J. H. Boone, Arcadia. 
Webster — J. H. Thompkins, Minden. 
Winn— J. T. Wallace, Winnfield. 

Grant 

Rapides — E. G. Hunter, Alexandria. 
DeSoto — A. F. Jackson, Mansfield. 
Red River — L. R. Collins, Coushatta. 
Natchitoches — G. L. Trichel, Natchitoches. 

Members at Large. 

D. T. Stafford, Rapides, Alexandria. 
Leon R. Smith, Caddo, Shreveport. 
J. N. Sandlin, Minden. 

Fifth Congressional District Committee. 

Catahoula — J. W. Walters, Harrisonburg. 
Caldwell — N. M. Davis, Columbia. 
Claiborne — J. C. Madden, Homer. 
Concordia — J. S. Boatner, Vidalia. 
East Carroll — E. J. Hamley, Lake Providence. 
Franklin— T. B. Gilbert, Sr., Gilbert. 
Jackson — W. H. Allen, Vernon. 
Lincoln — E. M. Graham, Ruston. 



♦Deceased. 



530 POLITICAL. 

Madison — C. H. Lucas, Talhilah. 

Morehouse — A. H. Davenport, Mer Rouge. 

Ouachita — C. H. Trousdale, Monroe. 

Richland— J. H. Guill, Alto. 

Union — J. M. Smith, Farmerville. 

Tensas — Hugh Tullis, St. Joseph. 

West Carroll— W. S. B. Mitchener, Floyd. 

Sixth Congressional District. 

Hon. Milton L. Strickland, Chairman Greensburg 

Hon. James H. Murphy, Secretary Covington 

Arcadia Parish — P. S. Pugh, Crowley. 

Avoyelles Parish — W. D. Haas, Bunkie. 

East Baton Rouge Parish — N. S. Dougherty, Baton Rouge. 

West Baton Rouge Parish — Thos. G. Gwin, Port Allen. 

East Eeliciana Parish — W. R. Perkins, Norwood. 

Livingston Parish — F. W. Miscar, Denham Springs. 

St. Helena Parish — E. B. Watson, Greensburg. 

St. Landry Parish — E. B. Dubuisson, Opelousas. 

St. Tammany Parish — Geo. H. Gause, Covington. 

.Tangipahoa Parish — Bolivar Edwards, Amite City. 

Pointe Coupee Parish , . 

Washington Parish — Gordon W. Goodbee, Franklinton. 
At Large — M. L. Strickland, H. E. Estorge, J. C. Johnson, L. B. 
Claiborne, J. S. Settoon, M. P. Robertson. 



POLITICAL. 531 



REPUBLICAN PARTY. 



Platform Adopted at Philadelphia, Pa v June 20, 1900. 



The Republicans of the United States, through their chosen Repre- 
sentatives, met in National Convention, looking back upon an unsur- 
passed record of achievement and looking forward into a great field of 
duty and opportunity and appealing to the judgment of their country- 
men, make these declarations: 

The expectation in which the American people, turning from the 
Democratic Party, intrusted power four years ago to a Republican chief 
magistrate and a Republican Congress, has been met and satisfied. When 
the people then assembled at the polls, after a term of Democratic legisla- 
tion and administration, business was dead, industry was paralyzed and the 
national credit disastrously impaired. The country's capital was hidden 
away and its labor distressed and unemployed. 

The Democrats had no other plan with which to improve the ruinous 
conditions which they had themselves produced than to coin silver at the 
ratio of 16 to 1. The Republican Party, denouncing this plan as sure to 
produce conditions even worse than those from which relief was sought, 
promised -to restore prosperity by means of two legislative measures — - 
a protective tariff and a law making gold the standard of value. 

The people, by great majorities issued to the Republican Party a 
commission to enact these laws. This commission has been executed, and 
the Republican promise is redeemed. Prosperity more general and more 
abundant than we have ever known has followed these enactments. There 
is no longer controversy as to the value of anv government obligations. 
Every American dollar is a gold dollar or its assured equivalent, and the 
American credit stands higher than that of any nation. Capital is fully 
employed and everywhere labor is profitably occupied. 

The War and Its Results. 

No single fact can more strikingly tell the story of what Republican 
government means to the country than this — that while during the whole 
period of 107 years, from 1790 to 1897. there was an excess of exports 
over imports of only $383,028,497, there has been in the short three years 
of the present Republican administration an excess of exports over 
imports in the enormous sum of $1,483,537,094. 

And, while the American people, sustained bv this Republican legis- 
lation, have been achieving these splendid triumphs in their business and 
commerce, they have conducted and in victory concluded a war for liberty 
and human rights. 



562 POLITICAL. 

No thoughts of national aggrandizement tarnish the high purpose 
with which American standards were unfurled. It was a war unsought 
and patiently resisted, but when it came the American government was 
ready. Its fleets were cleared for action. Its armies were in the field, 
and the quick and signal triumph of its forces on land and sea bore equal 
tribute to the courage of American soldiers and sailors and to the skill 
and foresight of Kepublican statesmanship. To 10,000,000 of the human 
race there was given "a new birth of freedom," and to the American 
people a new and noble responsibility. 

Indorsement of the President. 

We indorse the administration of William McKinley. Its acts have 
been established in wisdom and in patriotism, and at home and abroad 
it has distinctly elevated and extended the influence of the American 
nation. Walking untried paths and facing unforeseen responsibilities, 
President McKinley has been in every situation the true American patriot 
and the upright statesman, clear in vision, strong in judgment, firm in 
action, always inspiring and deserving the confidence of his countrymen. 

Democratic Kule. 

In asking the American people to indorse this Eepublican record 
and to renew their commission to the Eepublican Party, we remind them 
of the fact that the menace to their prosperity has always resided in 
Democratic principles, and no less in the general incapacity of the Demo- 
cratic Party to conduct public affairs. 

The prime essential of business prosperity is public confidence in the 
good sense of the government and in its ability to deal intelligently with 
each new problem of administration and legislation. That confidence 
the Democratic Party has never earned. It is Hopelessly inadequate, and 
the country's prosperity, when Democratic success at the polls is an- 
nounced, halts and ceases in mere anticipation of Democratic blunders 
and failures. 

The Gold Standard. 

We renew allegiance to the principle of the gold standard and declare 
our confidence in the wisdom of the legislation of the Fifty-sixth Con- 
gress, by which the parity of all our money and the stability of our cur- 
rency on a gold basis has been secured. 

We recognize that interest rates are a potent factor in production 
and business activity, and for the purpose of further equalizing and of 
further lowering the rates of interest, we favor such monetary legislation 
as will enable the varying needs of the season and of all sections to be 
promptly met in order that trade may be evenly sustained, labor steadily 
employed and commerce enlarged. 

The volume of money in circulation was never so great per capita 
as it is to-day. 

We declare our steadfast opposition to the free and unlimited coin- 



POLITICAL. 533 

age of silver. No measure to that end could be considered which was 
without the support of the leading commercial countries of the world. 
However firmly Republican legislation may seem to have secured 
the country against the peril of base and discredited currency, the elec- 
tion of a Democratic president could not fail to impair the country's 
credit and to bring once more into question the intention of the Ameri- 
can people to maintain upon the gold standard the parity of their money 
circulation. The Democratic party must be convinced that the American 
people will never tolerate the Chicago platform. 

Trusts and Monopolies. 

We recognize the necessity and propriety of the honest co-operation 
of capital to meet new business conditions, and especially to extend our 
rapidly increasing foreign trade, but we condemn all conspiracies and 
combinations intended to restrict business, to create monopolies, to limit 
production or to control prices, and favor such legislation as will effec- 
tually restrain and prevent all such abuses, protect and promote competi- 
tion, and secure the rights of producers, laborers and all who are engaged 
in industry and commerce. 

The Tariff and Protection. 

We renew our faith in the policy of protection to American labor. 
In that policy our industries have been established, diversified and main- 
tained. By protecting the home market the competition has been stimu- 
lated and production cheapened. Opportunity to the inventive genius 
of our people has been secured and wages in every department of labor 
maintained at high rates, higher now than ever before, always distinguish- 
ing our working people in their better conditions of life from those of any 
competing country. Enjoying the blessings of American common schools, 
secure in the right of self-government and protected in the occupancy of 
their own markets, their constantly increasing knowledge and skill have 
enabled them finally to enter the markets of the world. 

We favor the associated policy of reciprocity, so directed as to open 
our markets on favorable terms for what we do not ourselves produce in 
Return for free foreign markets. 

Restriction of Immigration. 

In the further interest of American workmen, we favor a more effec- 
tive restriction of the immigration of cheap labor from foreign lands, 
the extension of opportunities of education for working children, the 
raising of the age limit for child labor, the protection of free labor as 
against contract convict labor, and an effective system of labor insurance. 

Our Carrying Trade. 

Our present dependence upon foreign shipping for nine-tenths of our 
foreign carrying is a great loss to the industry of this country. It is 
also a serious danger to our trade, for its sudden withdrawal in the event 



534 POLITICAL. 

of European war would seriously cripple our expanding foreign commerce. 
The national defense and naval efficiency of this country, moreover, sup- 
ply a compelling reason for legislation which will enable us to recover 
our former place among the trade-carrying fleets of the world. 

Soldiers' Pension. 

The nation owes a debt of profound gratitude to the soldiers and 
sailors who have fought its battles, and it is the government's duty to 
provide for the survivors and for the widows and orphans of those who 
have fallen in the country's wars. The pension laws, founded in this 
just sentiment, should be liberal and should be liberally administered, and 
preference should be given wherever practicable with respect to employ- 
ment in the public service to soldiers and sailors and to their widows and 
orphans. 

Civil Service Reform. 

We commend the policy of the Republican Party in maintaining 
the efficiency of the civil service. The administration has acted wisely 
in its effort to secure for public service in Cuba, Porto Rico, Hawaii and 
the Philippine Islands only those whose fitness has been determined by 
training and experience. We believe that employment in the public 
service in these territories should be confined as far as practicable to their 
inhabitants. 

The Colored Voter. 

It was the plain purpose of the Fifteenth Amendment to the Consti- 
tution to prevent discrimination on account of race or color in regulating 
the elective franchise. Devices of State governments, whether by statu- 
tory or Constitutional enactment, to avoid the purpose of this amend- 
ment, are revolutionary and should be condemned. 

Roads and Rural Mail Delivery. 

Public movements looking to a permanent improvement of the roads 
and highways of the country meet with our cordial approval, and we 
recommend this subject to the earnest consideration of the people and of 
the legislatures of the several States. 

We favor the extension of the rural free delivery service wherever 
its extension may be justified. 

In further pursuance of the constant policy of the Republican Party 
"to provide free homes on the public domain, we recommend adequate 
national legislation to reclaim the arid lands of the United States, reserv- 
ing control of the distribution of water for irrigation to the respective 
States and Territories. 

Admission of Territories. 

We favor home rule for and the early admission to Statehood of the 
Territories of New Mexico, Arizona and Oklahoma. 



POLITICAL. 535 



War Taxes. 



The Dingley Act, amended to provide sufficient revenue for the con- 
duct of the war has so well performed its work that it has been possible 
to reduce the war debt in the sum of $40,000,000. So ample are the gov- 
ernment's revenues and so great is the public confidence in the integrity 
of its obligations that its newly funded 2 per cent, bonds sell at a premium. 
The country is now justified in expecting, and it will be the policy of the 
Republican Party to bring about, a reduction of the war taxes. 

The Nicaragua Canal. 

We favor the construction, ownership control and protection of an 
isthmian canal by the government of the United States. 

New Foreign Markets. 

New markets are necessary for the increasing surplus of our farm 
products. Every effort should be made to open and obtain new markets, 
especially in the Orient, and the administration is warmly to be com- 
mended for its successful effort to commit all trading and colonizing 
nations to the policy of the open door in China. 

In the interest of our expanding commerce, we recommend that Con- 
gress create a department of commerce and industries in the charge of a 
secretary with a seat in the cabinet. The United States consular system 
should be reorganized under the supervision of this new department upon 
such a basis of appointment and tenure as will render it still more service- 
able to the nation's increasing trade. 

The American government must protect the person and property of 
every citizen wherever they are wrongfully violated or placed in peril. 

The American Women. 

We congratulate the women of America upon their splendid record 
of public service in the Volunteer Aid Association, and as nurses in camp 
and hospital during the recent campaigns of our armies in the Eastern 
and Western Indies, and we appreciate their faithful co-operation in all 
works of education and industry. 

Cession of Samoa. 

President McKinley has conducted the foreign affairs of the United 
States with distinguished credit to the American people. In releasing us 
from the vexatious conditions of a European alliance for the government 
of Samoa his course is especially to be commended. By securing to our 
undivided control the most important island of the Samoan group and the 
best harbor in the Southern Pacific every American interest has been 
safeguarded. 

We approve the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to the United 
States. 



536 political. 

Sympathy for the Boers. 

We commend the part taken by our government in the Peace Con- 
ference at The Hague. 

We assert our steadfast adherence to the policy announced in the 
Monroe doctrine. 

The provisions of The Hague Convention were wisely regarded when 
President McKinley tendered his friendly offices in the interest of peace 
between Great Britain and the South African Republics. While the 
American government must continue the policy prescribed by Washing- 
ton, affirmed by every succeeding president and imposed upon us by The 
Hague treaty, of non-intereference in European controversies, the Ameri- 
can people earnestly hope that a way may soon be found, honorable alike 
to both contending parties, to terminate the strife between them. 

Cuba and the Philippines. 

In accepting, by the treaty of Paris, the just responsibility of our 
victories in the Spanish war, the President and Senate won the undoubted 
approval of the American people. No other course was possible than to 
destroy Spain's sovereignty throughout the West Indies and in the Phil- 
ippine Islands. That course created our responsibility before the world 
and with the unorganized population whom our intervention had freed 
from Spain to provide for the maintenance of law and order and for the 
establishment of good government and for the performance of interna- 
tional obligations. 

Our authority could not be less than our responsibility, and wherever 
sovereign rights were extended it became the high duty of the government 
to maintain its authority, to put down armed insurrection and to confer 
the blessings of liberty and civilization upon all the rescued peoples. The 
largest measure of self-government consistent with their welfare and our 
duties shall be secured to them by law. 

To Cuba independence and self-government were assured in the same 
voice by which war was declared, and to the letter this pledge shall be 
performed. 

The Republican Party, upon its history and upon this declaration of 
its principles and policies, confidently invokes the considerate and approv- 
ing judgment of the American people. 



REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE— 1900-1904. 
(Headquarters, Chicago and New York.) 

M. A. Hanna, Chairman Ohio. 

Perry S. Heath, Secretary Indiana. 

Cornelius N. Bliss, Treasurer New York. 

Volney W. Foster, Asst. Treasurer. Illinois. 

Edwin E. Brown, Subtreasurer Illinois. 

Geo. N. Wiswell, Sergeant-at-Arms Wis. 



POLITICAL. 537 

STATE. MEMBER. ADDRESS. 

Alabama J. W. Demmick Montgomery. 

Alaska John G. Held Juneau. 

Arizona W. M. Griffith Tucson. 

Arkansas Powell Clayton Eureka Springs. 

California W. C. Van Fleet San Francisco. 

Colorado E. O. Wolcott Denver. 

Connecticut Chas. F. Brooker Ansonia. 

Delaware J. E. Addicks Wilmington. 

District of Columbia. . M. M. Parker .Washington. 

Florida John G. Long St. Augustine. 

Georgia J. W. Lyons Augusta. 

Hawaii H. M. Sewell Honolulu. 

Idaho G. L. Shoup . . . Salmon City. 

Illinois Graeme Stewart Chicago. 

Indiana Harry S. New Indianapolis. 

Indian Territory W. M. Mellette Vinita. 

Iowa Ernest E. Hart Council Bluffs. 

Kansas D. W. Mulvane Topeka. 

Kentucky John W. Yerkes Danville. 

Louisiana Lewis S. Clark Patterson. 

Maine J. H Manley Augusta. 

Maryland L. E. McComas Hagerstown. 

Massachusetts Geo. V. L. Meyer Boston. 

Michigan Wm. H. Elliot ........ ... .Detroit. 

Minnesota T. H. Shevlin Minneapolis. 

Mississippi H. C. Turley Natchez. 

Missouri R. C. Kerens St. Louis. 

Montana W. H. De Witt Butte. 

Nebraska R. B. Schneider Fremont. 

Nevada P. L. Flanigan Reno. 

New Hampshire Chas. T. Means Manchester. 

New Jersey F. T. Murphy . Newark. 

New Mexico Solomon Luna Los Lunas. 

New York Fred. S. Gibbs New York. 

North Carolina J. C. Pritchard Marshall. 

North Dakota Axel. McKenzie Bismarck. 

Ohio M. T. Herrick Cleveland. 

Oklahoma William Grimes Kingfisher. 

Oregon Geo. A. Steel Portland. 

Pennsylvania M. S. Quay Beaver. 

Rhode Island C. R. Brayton Providence. 

South Carolina E. A. Webster Orangeburg. 

South Dakota J. M. Greene Chamberlain. 

Tennessee W. P. Brownlow Jonesboro. 

Texas R. B. Hawley Galveston. 

Utah O. J. Salisbury Salt Lake City. 

Vermont J. W. Brock .Montnelier. 

Virginia G. E. Bowden Norfolk. 

West Virginia N. B. Scott Wheeling. 

Washington G. H. Baker Goldendale. 

Wisconsin Henry C. Payne Milwaukee. 

Wyoming W. Vandevanter Cheyenne. 



538 POLITICAL. 

CHAIRMEN REPUBLICAN STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEES. 

STATE. CHAIRMAN. ADDRESS. 

Alabama Wm. Vaughen Birmingham. 

Arizona Chas. R. Drake Tucson. 

Arkansas H. L. Remmel Little Rock. 

California Ceo. Stone San Francisco. 

Colorado A. B. Seaman Denver. 

Connecticut O. R. Flyer . . Torrington. 

Delaware J. Frank Alee Dover. 

Florida Henry S. Chubb Gainesville. 

Georgia W.H.Johnson Atlanta. 

Idaho Frank A. Fenn Boise. 

Illinois F. H. Rowe Jacksonville. 

Indian Territory H. W. Darrough Vinita. 

Indiana Chas. S. Hernley Indianapolis. 

Iowa H. 0. Weaver Des Moines. 

Kansas Morton Albaugh Topeka. 

Kentucky Leslie Combs Louisville. 

Louisiana F. B. Williams New Orleans. 

Maine J. H. Manley Augusta. 

Maryland P. L. Goldsborough Baltimore. 

Massachusetts A. H. Goetting Boston. 

Michigan Gerrit J. Diekema Detroit. 

Minnesota W. C. Masterman St. Paul. 

Mississippi E. W. Collins Jackson. 

Missouri Thos. J. Akins St. Louis. 

Montana Jos. P. Woolman Helena. 

Nebraska H. C. Lindsay . Omaha. 

Nevada R. K. Colcord Carson City. 

New Hampshire Jacob H. Gallinger Concord. 

New Jersey Franklin T. Murphy Newark. 

New Mexico John S. Clark Las Vegas. 

New York Bern". B. Odell, Jr New York. 

North Carolina A. E. Holton Winston. 

North Dakota Wm. Budge Grand Forks. 

Ohio Chas. Dick Columbus. 

Oklahoma Wm. Grimes Guthrie. 

Oregon Geo. A. Steel Portland. 

Pennsylvania Frank Reeder Easton. 

Rhode Island Hunter C. White Providence. 

South Carolina B. R Tolbert, Jr Greenwood. 

South Dakota Frank Crane Sioux Falls. 

Tennessee A. M. Tillman Nashville. 

Texas R H. R. Green Terrell. 

Utah E. H. Callister Salt Lake City. 

Vermont T^a R. Allen Fair Haven. 

Virginia Park Agnew Alexandria. 

Washington ' J. H. Shivery Seattle. 

West Virginia W. M. O. Dawson Parkersburg. 

Wisconsin Geo. E. Bryant Milwaukee. 

Wyoming J. A. Van Orsdel Cheyenne. 



POLITICAL. 539 

SECEETAEIES REPUBLICAN STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEES. 

STATE. SECRETARY. ADDRESS. 

Alabama W. H. Harney Birmingham. 

Arizona J- Knox Corbett Tucson. 

Arkansas W. S. Holt Little Eock. 

California W. M. Cutter . San Erancisco. 

Colorado W. H. Brisbane Leadville. 

Connecticut Samuel A. Eddy .Canaan. 

Delaware W. T. Smithers Dover. 

Florida Jos. E. Lee Jacksonville. 

Georgia J. H. Deveaux Savannah. 

Idaho Geo. A. Eobethan .... ... .Pocatello. 

Illinois Walter Eieldhouse Chicago. 

Indian Territory Michael Conlin Atoka. 

Indiana Warren Bigler Indianapolis. 

Iowa C. W- Phillips Des Moines. 

Kansas T. T. Kelley Paola. 

Kentucky Geo. W. Long Louisville. 

Louisiana W. J. McFarlane New Orleans. 

Maine Byron Boyd Augusta. 

Maryland Levi A. Thompson Baltimore. 

Massachusetts Thomas Talbot Boston. 

Michigan D. E. Alward Detroit. 

ivnnnesota Chas. C. Whitney St. Paul. 

Mississippi L. B. Boseley Jackson. 

Missouri A. F. Shriner St. Louis. 

Montana Thos. B. Miller Helena. 

Nebraska John T. Mallalien Omaha. 

Nevada . ' E. D. Vanderleith Carson City. 

New Hampshire Louis G. Hoyt Kingston. 

New Jersey 

New Mexico Max Erost Santa Fe. 

New York E. L. Fox New York. 

North Carolina W. S. Hyams Ealeigh. 

North Dakota M. H. Jewell Bismark. 

Ohio John E. Malloy Columbus. 

Oklahoma Chas. H. Filson Guthrie. 

Oregon W. S. Duniway Portland. 

Pennsylvania W. E. Andrews Philadelphia. 

Ehode Island Eugene F. Warner Providence. 

South Carolina J. H. Johnson Columbia. 

South Dakota Frank McNulty Sioux Falls. 

Tennessee J. C. E. McCall Nashville. 

Texas G. W. Johnson Corsicana. 

Utah P. P. Christensen Salt Lake City. 

Vermont Alfred E. Watson Hartford. 

Virginia Asa Eogers Petersburg. 

Washington J- W. Lvons Port Townsend. 

West Virginia A. B. White • • • .Parkersburg. 

Wisconsin Zeno M. Host Milwaukee. 

Wyoming Fred Bond Cheyenne. 



540 POLITICAL. 

REPUBLICAN STATE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

(No platform adopted at last Convention.) 

Frank B. Williams, Ex-Officio Chairman Patterson, La. 

W. E. Howell, Chairman Thibodaux, La. 

Malcolm J. McFarlane, Secretary New Orleans, La. 

Hon. Henry McCall, McCall, La. 

Hon. H. C. Warmoth Lawrence, La. 

Hon. W. J. Behan White Castle, La. 

Lewis S. Clarke Patterson, La. 

Charles Godchaux New Orleans, La. 

Pearl Wight New Orleans, La. 

Robert Nason Lake Charles, La. 

REPUBLICAN STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEE. 

Erank B. Williams, Chairman. Patterson, La. 

Malcolm J. McFarlane, Secretary New Orleans, La. 

Lewis S. Clarke, National Committeeman Patterson, La. 

Pearl Wight, Treasurer New Orleans, La. 

Members at Large. 

H. C. Warmoth, I. K Small, John A. Wogan, John C. Parker, Pearl 
Wight, Charles Godchaux, R. H. Nason, Henry McCall, B. C. Leblanc, 
Charlton Beattie, H. Hawkins, W. P. Flower, H. S. Bollinger, W. M. 
Waddell, James C. Weaks, William Rouse, August Levert, C. S. Burns. 

Members. 

L. C. Green, H. O. Maher, Honore Dugas, H. D. Edwards, B. F. 
O'Neal, P. B. Weeks, W. E. Ramsey, Dr. E. J. Hall, J. M. Carter, John 
6. Connor, John W. Cooke, B. J. Greenberry, J. P. Tolotte, W. J. Behan, 
L. A. Trosclair, John A. Vignaud, W. W. Johnson, Josiah Gross, N. C. 
Brunet, C. H. Thompson, A. H. Leonhardt, D. D. Colcock, J. J. Halloran, 
F. B. Ludeling, Edward Butler, F. M. Welch, R. V. Ducros, Charles 
Bourgeois, Lucien Como, Charles Schexnayder, C. W. Millspaugih, G. 
Gardemal^ L. S. Clarke, R. W. Osborn, L. F. Suthon, J. T. Labbett, Wil- 
liam Gassie, Jr., B. E. James. 

REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT COMMITTEES. 
FIRST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. 

Walter L. Cohen Chairman 

L. J. Joubert . f Recording Secretary 

Jos. Fabacher .Corresponding Secretary 



political. 541 

Members. 
Third Ward— F. C. Antoine, Gates F. Wilson. 
Fourth Ward — Jos. Wilkins, A. Guillimet. 
Fifth Ward— E. Leblanc, H. Boutte. 
Sixth Ward — Jos. Luminet, Chas. Elgar. 
Seventh Ward — W. J. Moore, Paul Sigg. 
Eighth WaTd— L. D. Thompson, I. B. Kiefer. 
Ninth Ward — J. Henderson, C. Marrerro. 
Fifteenth Ward— A. F. Gabriel, K. F. Harper. 
St. Bernard — Ernest Coycault, H. Amedee. 
Plaquemines 

SECOND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. 

Edward Barnes, Chairman New Orleant 

Ernest Buconge, First Vice Chairman New Orleans 

T. S. Roberts, Second Vice Chairman New Orleans 

J. B. Arleans, Third Vice Chairman New Orleans 

C. H. Thompson, Secretary New Orleans 

Chas. Dickerson, Assistant Secretary St. James, La. 

Executive Committee. 

New Orleans — Edward Barnes, ex officio Chairman; C. H. Thomp- 
son, ex officio Secretary; E. Duconge, E. Carmouche, C. C. Crane, McC. 
Campfield, Horace Freeman, Thomas H. Lytle. 

St. John Parish — E. F. R. Augustus. 

St. Charles Parish — Marshal Bennet. 

Jefferson Parish — Eugene Duplesis. 

Members of Committee. 

Geo. A. Green, Edward Gray, F. H. Lewis, Alex. Plicque, Geo. Marti- 
nez, David Smith, J. B. Williams, L. J. Obert, Henry Clark, Eugene 
Duplesis, Gustave Roche, Marshal Bennet, Geo. Atkins, H. B. Demas, A. 
St. Cyr. 

At Large — E. Carmouche, C. C. Crane, E. F. R. Augustus, Major 
Andrew Hero, Wm. L. Thompson, Jos. Alexander, H. Borman, Horaea 
Freeman, McC. Campfield, Thos. H. Lytle. (25 vacancies.) 

THIRD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. 

L. E. Robinson, Chairman Welsh, La. 

C. S. Hebert, Secretary Plaquemine, La. 

Members. 
At Large — Meyer Netter, Donaldsonville ; Henry Munson, Napoleon- 
ville ; George Lock, Lake Charles ; C. Taylor Cade, New Iberia ; J. R. 
Dominjeau, Lafayette; Dr. John Gazzo, Raceland; C. E. Smedes, Cade; 
A. Allsan, Jeannerette; L. F. Suthon, Houma; W. S. Nelson, Perry. 



542 POLITICAL. 

From the Parishes — Ascension — Henry McCall, McCall; W. P. 
Dixon, Hope Villa. 

Assumption — Honore Dugas, Paincourtville ; C. C. Barton, Alber- 
marle. 

Calcasieu — D. E. Sweet, Jennings; R. R. Stone, Lake Charles. 

Cameron — E. I. Hall, Lake Side; C. B. Jones, Cameron. 

Iberville — W. J. Bohn, White Castle; S. O. LaBlane, Plaquemine. 

Iberia — Leo Frank, Jeanerette; F. Gates, New Iberia. 

Lafayette — Gus A. Breaux, Lafayette; John Price, Scott. 

Lafourche — W. E. Howell, Thibodeaux; John Godchaux, Raceland. 

St. Martin — Felix Bienvenu, St. Martinsville; Gabe Gardemal, St. 
Martinsville. 

St. Mary — E. N. Carney, Franklin; Henry N. Pharr, Berwick. 

Terrebonne — Wm. Minor and Alphonse Dupont, of Houma. 

Vermilion — Martin Bagly, Ramsey; S. P. Watts, Abbeville. 

FOURTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. 

S. Herold of Caddo President; 

F. E. McDermott Secretary 

Members. 
Bossier— B. F. O'Neal. DeSoto— T. C. Guice. 

Caddo— S. Herold. Rapides— F. E. McDermott. 

Winn — J. W. Bivett, Sr. Natchitoches — A. DeVargus. 

Grant— G. S. Garner. Sabine— J. A. Tetts. 

FIFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. 

REPUBLICAN COMMITTEE, LAKE PROVIDENCE, LA. 

W. W. Johnson, Chairman Lake Providence, La. 

R. J. Walker, Vice-Chairman Afton P. O., La. 

P. C. Taylor, Secretary Afton P. O., La. 

Jno. W. Cooke Lake Providence, La. 

Geo. W. Stewart Lake Providence, La. 

Wm. Rouse Lake Providence, La. 

S. W. Green • • . . . .Lake Providence, La. 

Willis W. Johnson Omega P. O., La. 

Geo. H. Woods • • St. Joseph, La. 

Wade H. Houghl Columbia, La. 

Members. 

East Carroll— J. B. Bryant, Atherton P. O., La. 
West Carroll — A. D. Owens, Floyd, La. 
Madison — Milton McCoy, Delta, La. 
Tensas — T. B. Strange, St. Joseph, La. 
Concordia — H. E. Reed, Bullitt's Bayou, La. 
Caldwell— M. P. Vantly, Cohimbia, La. 



POLITICAL. 543 



Catahoula — S. H. Cooper, Jonesville, La. 
Claiborne — Geo. H. Williams, Homer, La. 
Morehouse — W. M. Taylor, Bastrop, La. 
Eichland— E. W. Duning, Alto, La. 
Franklin — B. J. Greenbury, Crowville, La. 

Lincoln — John Atkins, . 

Ouachita — E. P. Cooke, Monroe, La. 

Union — I. Shuster, . 

Jackson — A. Wyly, . 



SIXTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. 

L. J. Souer Chairman 

H. Bloch Vice-Chairman 

Wm. Duplessis Secretary 

A. R. Ricard, Jr Assistant Secretary 

Acadia — D. Cazeau. St. Tammany — A. E. Eontini. 

Avoyelles — Warren McCree. St. Helena — Leonard Smith. 

East Baton Rouge — Jas. R. Lewis. St. Landry — B. A. Guidry. 

East Feliciana — Geo. A. Reiley. Tangipahoa — Geo. J. Duffy. 

Livingston — Horace McCoy. Washington — George A. Magee. 

Pointe Coupee — J. B. Churchill. West Feliciana — Henry Ford. 
West Baton Rouge — Alex Baynes. 

At Large — Hon. John Yoist, N. Underwood, B. V. Baranco, A. L. 
Boyer, Louis Desmarais, Jr., Mike Winfield. 



544 



POLITICAL. 



ilEGTSTRATION TABLES. 



TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS TAEING THE 
DIFFERENT OATHS UNDER RECONSTRUCTION LAWS IN 
EACH PARISH IN 1867. 



Paeishbs. 



.13 



5 bo 



Ascension 2,634 1 239 

Assumption 2,270 38 626 

Avoyelles 

Bienville ... 

Bossier 1,867 ... 31 

Caddo 

Calcasieu 712 ... 158 

Caldwell 751 5 12 

Catahoula 1,174 22 

Claiborne 3,100 ... 57 

Concordia 1,911 1 9 

De Soto 2,336 2 23 

East Baton Rouge 2,048 ... 51 

Carroll 2,339 1 45 

East Feliciana 2,203 2 212 

Franklin ... 

Iberville 2,897 9 21 

Jackson 

Jefferson 5,913 8 78 

Lafourche 2,995 ... 575 

Lafayette 1,570 3 13 

Livingston 871 2 57 

Madison ... 

Morehouse 1,725 ... 20 

Natchitoches 3,776 17 56 

Orleans 40,357 132 1,241 

Ouachita 2,323 11 18 

Plaquemines ... 

Pointe Coupee 2,519 ... 187 

Rapides 4,092 3 254 

Sabine 650 107 306 

St. Bernard 1,145 8 34 

St. Charles 1,646 ... 2 

St. Helena 1,490 5 33 

St. James 3,066 7 8 

St. John the Baptist 1,908 ... 3 

St. Landry 4,004 7 1,102 

St. Martin 1,438 1 541 

St. Mary 

St. Tammany 1,199 2 264 

Tensas 1,958 1 30 

Terrebonne 2,931 . . . 348 

Union 786 . . . 786 

Vermilion 619 5 475 

Washington 447 22 382 

West Baton Rouge 

West Feliciana 1,933 . . . 118 

Winn 862 2 11 



Books. 
Books. 



2,874 

2,934 

2,287 No 

1,571 No 

1 898 

3',586 No Books 

970 

768 
1,196 
3,157 
1,921 
2,361 
2,099 
2,385 
2,410 
1,186 
2,927 

1,508 No Books 
5,999 
3.570 
1,586 

930 
1,762 No Books 
1,745 
3,849 
41,733 
2,353 
2,542 No 
2,706 
4,349 
1,063 
1,187 
1,658 
1,528 
3,081 
1,911 
5,113 
1,981 

3,51 3 No Books 
1,468 
1,979 
3,327 
1,572 

999 

851 
1,080 No Books 
2,053 

875 



Books. 



TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER AND AGES OE PERSONS REGIS- 
TERED IN EACH PARISH IN THE STATE, 1868. 



Parishes. 



From 
21 to 3( 
years. 



From 
31 to 40 
years. 



From 
41 to 50 
years. 



From 
51 to 60 
years. 



From 
61 to 70 
years. 



71 

years 
and over. 



Not 



Total 
Regis- 
tered . 



Ascension 

Assumption .... 

Avoyelles 

Bienville 

Bossier 

Caddo 

Calcasieu 

Caldwell 

Catahoula 

Claiborne 

Concordia 

DeSoto 

East Baton Rouge 

Carroll 

East Feliciana . . 

Franklin 

Iberville 

Jackson 

Jefferson , 

Lafourche 

Lafayette 

Livingston 

Madison 

Morehouse 

Natchitoches .... . 

Orleans 

Ouachita 

Plaquemines 

Pointe Coupee 

Rapides 

Sabine 

St. Bernard 

St. Charles , 

St. Helena 

St. James 

St. John 

St. Landry 

St. Martin . . , . . 

St. Mary 

St. Tammany 

Tensas 

Terrebonne 

Union 

Vermilion 

Washington 

West Baton Rouge 
West Feliciana . . . 
Winn 



1,058 


682 


538 


410 


116 


70 


2,874 


1,128 


669 


601 


367 


130 


39 


2,934 


998 


487 


406 


278 


99 


19 


2,287 


650 


371 


304 


173 


58 


15 


1,571 


871 


428 


307 


199 


81 


12 


1,898 


1,518 


955 


613 


316 


111 


33 


40 3,586 


449 


231 


137 


106 


37 


10 


970 


331 


170 


136 


89 


34 


8 


768 


509 


253 


206 


156 


54 


18 


1,196 


1,443 


706 


530 


303 


135 


40 


3,157 


691 


401 


371 


290 


118 


50 


1,921 


1,042 


485 


417 


297 


85 


35 


2,561 


701 


480 


414 


323 


116 


65 


2,099 


1,132 


492 


407 


253 


66 


35 


2,585 


961 


501 


437 


294 


128 


61 


28 2,410 


520 


284 


198 


141 


30 


13 


1,186 


1,026 


664 


592 


397 


173 


75 


2,927 


647 


330 


288 


160 


60 


23 


1,508 


2,099 


1,393 


1,205 


864 


350 


88 


5,999 


1,446 


775 


668 


449 


174 


58 


3,570 


692 


361 


261 


172 


80 


20 


1,586 


374 


238 


175 


94 


39 


10 


930 


755 


330 


326 


227 


85 


39 


1,762 


772 


390 


322 


178 


66 


17 


1.745 


1,508 


720 


712 


600 


232 


77 


3,849 


15,583 


10,270 


7,094 


4,085 


1,247 


324 


. . 41,733 


1,110 


542 


368 


231 


78 


24 


2,353 


1,082 


551 


433 


332 


95 


49 


2,542 


1,084 


600 


473 


350 


144 


55 


2,706 


1,795 


858 


770 


583 


238 


105 


4,349 


474 


247 


154 


126 


37 


25 


1,063 


459 


233 


219 


163 


83 


30 


1,187 


543 


300 


322 


308 


112 


63 


10 1,658 


649 


338 


269 


165 


79 


28 


1,52S 


1,137 


580 


614 


408 


204 


82 


56 3,081 


259 


185 


164 


97 


43 


13 1,150 1,911 


2,166 


1,325 


916 


489 


169 


48 


5,115 


801 


461 


367 


230 


96 


26 


1,981 


1,493 


883 


543 


361 


173 


60 


3,515 


450 


445 


213 


162 


72 


30 


93 1,465 


874 


411 


324 


260 


86 


24 


1,979 


1,444 


675 


615 


355 


137 


49 


52 3,327 


604 


357 


290 


156 


70 


15 


1,572 


410 


250 


169 


117 


44 


9 


999 


351 


192 


159 


93 


38 


18 


851 


407 


240 


201 


156 


53 


23 


1,080 


812 


374 


430 


262 


125 


50 


2,051 


350 


212 


169 


110 


30 


4 


875 



Total 57,738 33,325 25,847 16,735 6,110 2,084 1,429 146,398 

TABLE OF THE AGES OE REGISTERED VOTERS IN EACH WARD OF 
THE PARISH OF ORLEANS, 1868. 



Wards. 



First Ward . . 
Second Ward. . 
Third Ward . 
Fourth Ward . 
Fifth Ward . . 
Sixth Ward . 
Seventh Ward 
Eighth Ward . 
Ninth Ward . . 
Tenth Ward . 
Eleventh Ward 
Right Bank .. 



a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


a 








<v 


OJ 


o> 


<V 




*>© 


4>© 


DO 


&° 


4JO 


4) 




*M 


*-* 


&lO 


&o 


£t- 


*-« 




2;^ ►>• 


No. bet 
81 and 

years. 


~ ^ * 


T — 

No. bet 
51 and 
years 


JZJCK 


Zt-3 


"5 
© 














5,130 


1,813 


1,066 


736 


354 


108 


27 


4,104 


2,906 


1,928 


1,230 


695 


203 


55 


7,017 


1,243 


756 


509 


274 


77 


17 


2,878 


1,864 


1,210 


770 


439 


129 


48 


4,460 


1,257 


687 


467 


271 


104 


22 


2,808 


1,494 


986 


754 


482 


168 


56 


3,940 


1,012 


689 


498 


308 


94 


17 


2,618 


948 


717 


586 


345 


80 


16 


2,692 


1,222 


944 


622 


358 


109 


23 


3,278 


1,035 


800 


533 


304 


93 


20 


2,785 


789 


487 


389 


255 


82 


23 


2,025 



Total 15,583 10,270 7,094 4,085 1,247 



324 41,733 



546 



POLITICAL. 



STATEMENT OF REGISTERED VOTERS OF THE STATE OF LOUIS- 
IANA FOR THE YEAR 1878, 

According to the Returns made by the Assessors of the! Several Parishes of the 
State and the Registrar of Voters for the Parish of Orleans. 





1 




o 




02 

u 




E 5 











ci 


fe 


B 


4) 




* £2 

* 


n 


*$ 




02 

*M 


£ 


VI 

o 




> 


► * 


>% 


Parishes 




O 
w 

o 


"I 


> 

VI 

o 


u 
o 

© 

o 

VI 

o 


oh 

9) 

1 


°3 


K3 h 

P 

•4-> 






& 


U 


u 


u 


u 


U 


u 


u 


u 




<v 


4) 


V 


V 


c O 


<D O 





<D O 




_4 


£> 


A 


,a 


ja 


■s* 


•O.C 


■s* 


•2^ 






8 


a 

3 


a 

3 


a 

3 


B* 


I* 


l£ 


i* 




f-i 


fc 


fc 


fc 


fc 


& 


£ 


fc 


fc 


Ascension . . . 


. . . 2,472 


2,426 


46 


740 


1,232 


575 


238 


165 


1,494 


Assumption . . 


. . 3,131 


771 


67 


1,478 


1,653 


838 


179 


640 


1,474 


Avoyelles . . . 


. . . 3,309 


3,221 


88 


1,679 


1,630 


1,164 


155 


515 


1,475 


Bienville . . . 


. . . 1,410 


1,403 


7 


908 


502 


871 


28 


37 


474 


♦Bossier . . 














. . . 






Caddo .. 


.".'.' 5,478 


5,160 


318 


1,476 


3,732 


1,655 


276 


91 


3,450 


Calcasieu . . . 


1,674 


1,619 


52 


1,374 


300 


951 


21 


423 


279 


Caldwell . . 


952 


947 


5 


512 


440 


475 


45 


37 


395 


Cameron . . 


404 


31 




343 


121 


208 


6 


135 


55 


Catahoula . . . 


. . . 1,662 


1,641 


'2i 


997 


665 


834 


48 


163 


617 


Claiborne . . . 


. . . 2,352 


1,428 


13 


1,441 


911 


1,420 




21 


890 


Concordia .... 


. . . 2,931 


2,900 


31 


294 


2,637 


286 


187 


8 


2,450 


DeSoto . . 


. . 1,502 




31 


1,034 


468 


967 


22 


67 


446 


E. Baton Rouge 3,199 


3,006 


193 


1,203 


1,996 


1,076 


380 


127 


1,516 


East Carroll . 


. . . 1,984 


1,953 


31 


179 


1,805 


175 


210 


4 


1,774 


East Feliciana 


1,748 


1,672 


76 


743 


1,005 


732 


44 


11 


961 


Franklin . . . 


. . . 1,044 


1,011 


33 


568 


476 


473 


46 


96 


430 


Grant 


. . 1,030 


438 


502 


560 


470 


448 


40 


112 


430 


T beria. 


. . . 2,956 


1,302 


89 


1,391 


1,565 


938 


197 


408 


1,368 


Iberville 


. . 2,358 


2,322 


36 


386 


1,972 


362 


140 


24 


1,832 


Jackson 


502 


499 


3 


345 


157 


329 


6 


16 


151 


Jefferson .... 


. . . 1,949 


1,763 


186 


567 


1,382 


463 


175 


104 


1,270 


Lafourche . . . 


. . 3,137 


3,046 


127 


1,824 


1,349 


982 


138 


842 


1,211 


Lafayette .... 


. . 1,930 


1,873 


57 


1,120 


510 


672 


44 


448 


766 


Livingston . . . 


947 


913 


34 


791 


156 


628 


18 


163 


138 


Lincoln 


. . 1,643 


1,636 


7 


1,089 


554 


926 


42 


163 


512 


Madison ... . 


. . . 2,557 


2,553 


24 


238 


2,339 


238 


288 


. . . 


2,051 


Morehouse 


. . 1,983 


1,953 


30 


646 


1,337 


583 


42 


63 


1,295 


Natchitoches . . 


. 3,793 


3,680 


113 


1,830 


1,963 


1,212 


242 


618 


1,721 


Orleans — ■ 




















1st Ward . . 


. . 2,523 


1,867 


656 


1,984 


539 


1,736 


150 


248 


389 


2nd Ward . . 


. . 2,955 


2,145 


810 


2,916 


786 


1,940 


185 


229 


601 


3rd Ward . . 


. 5,429 


4,003 


1,426 


3,781 


1,648 


3,271 


436 


510 


1,648 


4th Ward . . 


. . 2,272 


1,711 


561 


1,657 


615 


1,573 


234 


84 


381 


5 th Ward . . 


. . 3,323 


2,453 


870 


2,338 


985 


2,105 


459 


233 


526 


6th Ward . . 


. . 2,026 


1,624 


402 


1,483 


543 


1,300 


256 


183 


287 


7th Ward . . 


. . 3,519 


2,894 


625 


1,997 


1,522 


1,824 


674 


173 


848 


8 th Ward . . 


. . 1,814 


1,161 


653 


1,498 


316 


1,304 


106 


194 


210 


9th Ward . . 


. . 2,451 


1,582 


869 


1,873 


578 


1,680 


98 


193 


480 


10th Ward . 


2,874 


1,996 


878 


2,236 


638 


2,064 


206 


172 


432 


11th Ward . 


. . 2,886 


2,083 


797 


2,128 


752 


1,997 


234 


131 


518 


12th Ward . 


. . 1,359 


1,078 


281 


1,066 


293 


1,007 


55 


59 


238 


13th Ward . 


967 


885 


82 


550 


417 


494 


115 


56 


302 


14th Ward . 


519 


396 


123 


280 


239 


255 


49 


25 


190 


15th Ward . 


. . 1,950 


1,584 


366 


932 


1,018 


797 


169 


135 


849 


16th Ward . 


627 


521 


106 


214 


413 


196 


115 


18 


298 


17th Ward . 


667 


949 


173 


374 


293 


339 


66 


35 


227 


Ouachita . . 


. . 3,012 


2,919 


93 


893 


2,119 


805 


179 


88 


1,940 


Plaquemines . . 


. . 2,285 


730 


130 


860 


1,425 


734 


202 


126 


1,223 


Pointe Coupee 


. . 2,770 


2,699 


71 


816 


1,954 


701 


307 


115 


1,647 



* The Parish of Bossier has sent no returns. 



POLITICAL. 



547 



STATEMENT OE REGISTERED VOTERS OF THE STATE OF 
LOUISIANA FOR THE YEAR, 1878— Continued. 

According to the Returns made by the Assessors of the Several Parishes of the' 
State and the Registrar of Voters for the Parish of Orleans. 





2 


o> 

► 


u 

o 






2« 
S 2 




2« 


0>"? 




J5 


+3 


fa 




<D 




o ej 








so 


& 


O 


c 


> 


>s 


>% 




a. 

vi pa 


o 

a 


"5 


> 

0> 


-a 

03 


0>£ 

« 0> 


2^ 


'd u 






° 0> 


£M 


2 


o 


£ H 


£ H 


o^ 


o^ 


Parishes. 


3 


o 




■ o 


U 

o 


0) 

*-i~ 


O » 




Oo> 
M 




% 


U 


Fh 




u 


u 


^ 


h 


•- 1 i - 




0> 


a? 


OJ 


O) 


<v © 


o> c 


<1> O 


0)0* 




_ 


.O 


.O 


,0 


.Q 


■s* 


•O.C 


■S-« 


■°-Oi 




ei 
o 


a 

3 


a 


a 


.a 


g* 


^ 


1* 


I*-/ 




H 


fc 


£ 


S3 


z 


£ 


£ 


£ 


fc L; 


Rapides 


. 3,627 


3,482 


145 


1,775 


1,852 


1,593 


124 


182 


1,728 


Red River 


. 2,770 


2,699 


71 


816 


1,954 


701 


307 


115 


1,647 


Richland 


. 1,245 


616 


27 


643 


1,232 


574 


70 


69 


532 


Sabine 


. 1,047 


1,037 


10 


829 


218 


634 


15 


195 


203 


St. Bernard 


921 


883 


37 


396 


525 


216 


40 


180 


485 


St. Charles 


. 1,332 


1,315 


17 


197 


1,135 


172 


185 


25 


950 


St. Helena 


. 1,238 


1,216 


22 


641 


597 


577 


197 


64 


500 


St. James 


. 2,444 


2,417 


27 


570 


1,874 


440 


101 


130 


1,773 


St. John 


. 1,885 


1,855 


30 


618 


1,267 


487 


142 


131 


1,125 


St. Landry 


. 6,965 


6,914 


51 


3,681 


3,284 


2,114 


227 


1,567 


3,059 


St. Martin 


. 2,303 


2.267 


36 


1,099 


1,204 


693 


84 


406 


1,120 


St. Mary 


. 2,960 


2,850 


110 


786 


2,174 


667 


293 


109 


1,891 


St. Tammany . . 


. 1,176 


1,081 


95 


682 


494 


533 


30 


149 


364 


Tangipahoa . . . 


. 1,456 


1.384 


72 


932 


524 


797 


62 


134 


463 


Tensas 


. 3,249 


3,209 


40 


318 


2,931 


310 


467 


8 


2,464 


Terrebonne . . 


. 3,138 


3,042 


96 


1,361 


1,777 


762 


184 


599 


1,593 


Union 


. 2,201 


2,175 


26 


1,483 


718 


1,288 


55 


195 


663 


Vermilion 


. 1,241 


1,206 


35 


968 


273 


492 


23 


476 


250 


Vernon 


723 


719 


4 


668 


55 


503 




165 


55 


Washington . . . 


779 


777 


2 


587 


192 


415 


27 


172 


165 


Webster 


. 1,631 


1,580 


51 


760 


871 


723 


26 


37 


845 


W. Baton Rouge. 


975 


949 


26 


353 


622 


302 


76 


51 


546 


West Carroll . . . 


604 


599 


5 


335 


269 


270 


29 


65 


240 


West Feliciana . 


. 1.980 


1,937 


43 


440 


1,540 


422 


113 


18 


1,427 


Winn 


892 


887 


5 


771 


121 


595 


11 


176 
13,926 


110 


Total 


.155,103 


133,563 


12.276 


77.341 


78,123 


62,883 


10,390 


68,700 



548 



POLITICAL. 



OFFICIAL STATEMENT OF THE REGISTERED VOTERS OF THE 
STATE OF LOUISIANA FOR THE YEAR 1880. 





•a 
2 


> 


u 

o 




00 

u 


2« 


2« 


Si 


2* 




& 


4J 


& 


m 

u 


4) 


n 


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n 


%z 




m 


£ 


o 


03 

+-> 

o 


> 


>a 


^s 






o 

03 


■*->a 
pcq 


> 

2 


13 
o 


4) ** 




2 -a 


X3 U 

IS 


IS 


Parishes. 


a 


O 


►" 
** 


O 


6 

o 




4> 




o 9 




fc 


u 


t-, 




t-i 


u 


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u 


' u 




<x> 


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O) 


2° 


O) o 


d) o 


a o 




_ 


X) 


.Q 


,0 


.0 


£>A 


■2* 


•oja 




id 
o 


• a 

S3 


a 

3 


a 

3 


a 




§* 


J* 


B* 


!* 




H 


& 


& 


& 


fe 


& 


& 


£ 


fc 


Ascension . . 


. 3,398 


3,312 


86 


1,048 


2,350 


824 


224 


340 


2,001 


Assumption . . 


. 4,410 


4,301 


109 


2,078 


2,332 


1,042 


1,036 


273 


2,050 


Avoyelles . . 


. . 3,853 


3,753 


100 


1,987 


1,866 


1,351 


636 


227 


1,639 


Bienville 


. 1,669 


1,659 


10 


1,075 


595 


1,008 


66 


29 


566 


Bossier 


. 3,000 


2,950 


50 


800 


2,200 


775 


25 


200 


2,904 


Caddo 


. . 5,953 


5,616 


337 


2,070 


3,833 


1,937 


133 


292 


3,591 


Calcasieu .... 


. 2,173 


2,074 


99 


1,800 


373 


1,197 


603 


28 


345 


Caldwell 


. . 1,081 


1,073 


6 


574 


507 


496 


78 


100 


407 


Cameron 


406 


376 


30 


345 


61 


215 


130 


9 


52 


Catahoula .... 


. 1,972 


1,957 


15 


1,254 


718 


1,224 


30 


18 


700 


Claiborne .... 


. 3,157 


3,138 


19 


1,877 


1,280 


1,725 


152 


92 


1,188 


Concordia .... 


. 3,046 


3,623 


23 


359 


2,687 


352 


7 


271 


2,416 


DeSoto 


. 1,829 


1,801 


28 


1,148 


681 


1,076 


72 


26 


655 


E. Baton Rouge 


. 4,121 


3,913 


211 


1,674 


2,450 


1,503 


171 


372 


2,078 


East Carroll . . 


. 2,716 


2,685 


31 


251 


2,465 


247 


4 


165 


2,300 


East Feliciana 


. 2,385 


2,278 


707 


1,028 


1,327 


943 


105 


109 


1,208 


Franklin .... 


. 1,110 


565 


28 


593 


517 


528 


65 


20 


497 


Grant 


857 


748 


9 


464 


384 


408 


65 


60 


324 


Iberia 


. 3,444 


3,337 


107 


1,642 


1,802 


1,140 


502 


231 


1,571 


Iberville 


. . 3,860 


3,788 


72 


833 


3,027 


757 


76 


202 


2,825 


Jackson 


747 


741 


6 


501 


246 


483 


18 


29 


247 


Jefferson .... 


. 2,607 


2,333 


274 


887 


1,720 


732 


155 


208 


1,572 


Lafourche .... 


. . 4,473 


4,343 


130 


2,423 


2,050 


1,386 


1,037 


229 


1,821 


Lafayette 


. . 2,347 


2,271 


76 


1,407 


940 


774 


733 


51 


889 


Livingston . . . 


. . 1,047 


1,009 


38 


860 


187 


671 


789 


19 


168 


Lincoln 


. 1,904 


1,904 


5 


1,772 


632 


1,056 


216 


45 


587 


Madison 


. . 2,849 


2,812 


37 


321 


2,528 


319 


2 


397 


2,131 


Morehouse . . . 


. 2,118 


2,094 


24 


699 


1,419 


665 


68 


24 


1,351 


Natchitoches . 


. 4,313 


4,209 


104 


1.992 


2,312 


1,286 


706 


266 


2,055 


Orleans — 




















1st Ward . . 


. . 1.921 


1,428 


500 


1,487 


441 


1,378 


109 


166 


278 


2nd Ward . . 


. . 2,602 


1,873 


729 


2,085 


517 


1,912 


173 


173 


344 


3rd Ward . . 


. . 4,071 


2,952 


1,119 


2,919 


1,152 


2,697 


222 


453 


699 


4th Ward . . 


. 1,529 


1,140 


389 


1,151 


378 


1,119 


32 


197 


187 


5th Ward . . 


. . 2,279 


1,740 


539 


1,705 


574 


1,605 


100 


297 


277 


6th Ward . . 


. . 1,465 


1,189 


276 


1,132 


332 


1,160 


72 


191 


142 


7th Ward . . 


. . 2,353 


1,979 


374 


1,504 


849 


1,416 


88 


422 


427 


8th Ward . . 


. . 1,472 


966 


506 


1,262 


210 


1,147 


115 


71 


139 


9th Ward . . 


. . 2,222 


1,469 


753 


1,797 


425 


1,621 


176 


99 


326 


10th Ward . . 


. . 2,675 


1,847 


128 


2,246 


429 


2,117 


120 


207 


277 


11th Ward . . 


. . 2,642 


1,936 


706 


2,077 


565 


1,960 


117 




358 


12th Ward . . 


. . 1,138 


861 


277 


866 


272 


828 


38 


"85 


187 


13th Ward . . 


843 


684 


159 


526 


317 


488 


38 


86 


231 


14th Ward . . 


369 


270 


99 


217 


152 


196 


21 


46 


106 


15th Ward . . 


. . 1,758 


1,445 


313 


842 


916 


753 


89 


219 


697 


16th Ward . . 


566 


491 


75 


182 


384 


167 


15 


107 


277 


17th Ward . . 


561 


415 


146 


329 


232 


310 


19 


56 


176 


Ouachita . . 


. . 3,026 


2,934 


92 


935 


2,091 


836 


836 


203 


1,888 


Plaquemines . . 


. 2,834 


2,283 


601 


1,450 


1,383 


966 


485 


325 


1,058 


Pointe Coupee. 


. . 2,964 


2,890 


74 


875 


2,087 


760 


115 


336 


1,751 


Rapides 


. . 4,326 


2,356 


1,970 


2,099 


2,227 


1,784 


315 


117 


2,110 


Red River. . .. 


947 


934 


13 


402 


545 


372 


30 


77 


408 


Richland . . 


. . 1,572 


1,544 


22 


732 


840 


660 


72 


100 


740 


Sabine 


. 1,196 


1,179 


17 


929 


267 


704 


225 


16 


251 


St. Bernard . . 


. . 1,479 


1,423 


56 


696 


783 


376 


320 


89 


694 



POLITICAL. 



549 



OFFICIAL STATEMENT OF THE REGISTERED YOTEES OF THE 
STATE OF LOUISIANA EOF. THE YEAR 1880— Continued. 





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St. Charles . . 


. 1,583 


1,565 


18 


226 


1,357 


202 


24 


241 


1,116 


St. Helena. . . . 


. 1,258 


1,339 


59 


644 


614 


589 


55 


99 


575 


St. James . . 


. 3,110 


3,056 


54 


983 


2.128 


932 


50 


40 


2,088 


St John 


. 2,269 


2,221 


48 


776 


1,493 


607 


169 


208 


1,285 


St. Landry . . . 


8,095 


7,886 


109 


4,321 


3,774 


2,563 


1,758 


258 


3,516 


St. Martin . . . 


2,578 


2,532 


45 


1.250 


1.328 


780 


460 


123 


1,205 


St. Mary 


4,511 


4,277 


214 


1.168 


3,343 


1,030 


138 


446 


2,897 


St. Tammany . 


1,373 


1,253 


120 


815 


558 


613 


202 


138 


420 


Tangipahoa . . . 


. 1,995 


1.910 


85 


1.291 


704 


1.094 


197 


80 


704 


Tensas 


. 2,689 


3,643 


46 


403 


3,286 


398 


5 


525 


2,761 


Terrebonne . . . 


4,135 


4,017 


118 


1.866 


2,269 


991 


955 


173 


2,096 


Union 


2,363 


2,341 


22 


1.562 


801 


1.334 


228 


72 


729 


Vermilion . . 


. 1,552 


1.506 


46 


1.240 


312 


572 


668 


36 


276 


Vernon 


885 


881 


4 


830 


55 


627 


203 




55 


Washington . . . 


871 


867 


4 


638 


253 


446 


192 


' *38 


195 


Webster 


1,814 


1.771 


43 


963 


851 


943 


20 


15 


236 


West Baton Rouge 1,347 


1,266 


81 


533 


814 


485 


48 


135 


679 


West Carroll . . . 


688 


680 


8 


348 


340 


280 


68 


36 


304 


West Feliciana . 


2,192 


2,152 


40 


486 


1,706 


478 


8 


107 


1,599 


Winn 


1,039 
172,005 


1,031 
158.485 


8 


900 


39 


690 


210 


17 


122 


Totals 


13.276 


85,451 


88,024 


69,006 


16,913 


11,403 


76,087 



550 



POLITICAL. 



STATEMENT OF REGISTERED VOTERS OF THE STATE OF LOUIS- 
IANA FOR THE YEAR 1886. 







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Ascension .... 


. . . 4,542 


4,414 


128 


1,574 


2,968 


1,191 


383 


499 


2,465 


Assumption . . 


. . . 4,615 


4,505 


100 


1,979 


2,636 


1,010 


969 


360 


2,276 


Avoyelles .... 


. . . 5,007 


4,866 


141 


2,597 


2,410 


1.861 


736 


567 


1,843 


Bienville 


. . . 2,247 


2,233 


14 


1,428 


819 


1,345 


83 


71 


748 


Bossier 


. . 3,822 


3,722 


100 


1,218 


2,604 


1.175 


43 


254 


2,350 


Caddo 


. . . 5,810 


5,462 


348 


1,988 


3,822 


1,897 


91 


286 


3,536 


Calcasieu . . . 


. . . 3,909 


3,741 


168 


3,392 


517 


3,036 


356 


269 


248 


Caldwell ... . 


. . . 1,113 


1,110 


3 


591 


522 


561 


30 


90 


432 


Cameron 


454 


431 


23 


393 


61 


196 


197 


6 


55 


Catahoula .... 


. . 2,500 


2,475 


25 


1,500 


1,000 


955 


545 


123 


877 


Claiborne .... 


. . 4,194 


4,182 


12 


2,174 


2,020 


2,139 


35 


83 


1,937 


Concordia . . . 


. . . 3,700 


3,646 


54 


509 


3,191 


504 


5 


232 


2,959 


De Soto . . 


. . 1,962 


1,944 


18 


844 


1,118 


892 


42 


47 


1,071 


East Baton Rouge 5,690 


5,398 


292 


2,220 


3,470 


1,987 


233 


591 


2,879 


East Carroll . 


. . . 2,683 


2,640 


43 


234 


2,449 


234 




403 


2,046 


East Feliciana 


. . 2,796 


2,677 


119 


1,020 


1,776 


989 


- 3i 


133 


1,643 


Franklin .... 


. . 1,005 


996 


9 


440 


565 


425 


15 


37 


528 


Grant 


. . . 1,288 


1,274 


14 


712 


576 


586 


126 


71 


505 


Iberia 


. . . 5,588 


5,296 


292 


2,607 


2,981 


1,305 
1,063 


1,302 


533 


2,448 


Iberville .... 


. . 5,206 


5,101 


165 


1,272 


3,994 


209 


358 


3,636 


Jackson .... 


. . . 1.117 


1,114 


3 


710 


407 


641 


69 


46 


361 


Jefferson 


. . 3,528 


3,172 


356 


1,178 


2,350 


928 


250 


397 


1,953 


Lafayette ... 


. . . 2,094 


2,242 


752 


1,836 


1,158 


1,020 


816 


340 


818 


Lafourche . . . 


. . . 5,337 


5,201 


136 


3,071 


2,266 


1,519 


1,552 


370 


1,895 


Lincoln 


. . . 2,410 


2,400 


10 


1,514 


896 


1,280 


234 


86 


810 


Livingston 


. . 1,194 


1,161 


33 


1,033 


161 


771 


262 


26 


135 


Madison . . 


. . 3,333 


3,300 


33 


263 


3,070 


253 


10 


423 


2,647 


Morehouse . . 


. . . 3,409 


3,384 


25 


1,032 


2,377 


1,020 


12 


40 


2,337 


Natchitoches . 


. . . 4,841 


4,740 


101 


2,163 


2,678 


1,340 


823 


418 


2,260 


Orleans — ■ 




















First Ward 


. . . 3,078 


2,458 


620 


2,488 


590 


2,293 


195 


246 


344 


Second Ward 


. . 4,221 


3,253 


968 


3,395 


826 


3,129 


266 


268 


558 


Third Ward 


. . 5,600 


4,320 


1,280 


4,081 


1,519 


3,828 


253 


651 


868 


Fourth Ward 


. . 2,708 


2,139 


569 


2,109 


599 


2,019 


90 


310 


289 


Fifth Ward 


. . . 4,157 


2,931 


1,226 


3,412 


745 


3,044 


368 


400 


345 


Sixth Ward 


. . . 2,255 


1,704 


551 


1.823 


432 


1,505 


318 


244 


188 


Seventh Ward . 4,013 


3,330 


683 


2,904 


1,1.09 


2,687 


217 


553 


556 


Eighth Ward.. 2,441 


1,752 


689 


2,168 


273 


1,960 


208 


110 


163 


Ninth Ward 


. . . 2,918 


2,005 


913 


2,397 


521 


2,151 


246 


147 


374 


Tenth Ward 


. . 4,240 


3,149 


1,091 


3,530 


710 


3,277 


253 


323 


387 


Eleventh Ward. 4,097 


3,320 


777 


3,184 


913 


3,015 


169 


431 


482 


Twelfth Ward.. 1",962 


1,566 


396 


1,536 


426 , 


1,465 


71 


176 


250 


13th Ward . 


. . . 1,345 


1,090 


255 


908 


437 


834 


74 


167 


270 


14th Ward . 


762 


580 


182 


525 


237 


460 


61 


94 


143 


15th Ward . 


. . . 2,497 


2,036 


461 


1,405 


1,092 


1.285 


120 


298 


794 


16th Ward . 


707 


675 


92 


275 


492 


260 


15 


174 


318 


17th Ward . 


721 


558- 


163 


449 


272 


404 


45 


82 


190 


Ouachita . . . 


2,848 


2,792 


56 


998 


1,850 


921 


77 


271 


1,579 


Plaquemines . . 


. . 2,530 


1,848 


682 


1.062 


1,468 


721 


341 


328 


1,140 


Pointe Coupee 


. . . 3.406 


3,231 


175 


905 


2,501 


807 


98 


246 


2,255 


Rapides ... . 


. . . 5,283 


3,299 


1,984 


2,508 


2,775 


2,148 


360 


164 


2,611 


Red River . . . 


. . . 1,236 


1,216 


20 


504 


732 


435 


69 


94 


638 


Richland . . 


. . . 1,591 


1,572 


19 


559 


1,032 


492 


67 


165 


867 


Sabine . . 


. . . 1,492 


1.479 


13 


1,165 


327 


914 


251 


16 


311 


St. Bernard . . 


. . . 1,723 


1,647 


76 


649 


1,074 


341 


308 


397 


677 


St. Charles . . 


. . . 1,817 


1,802 


15 


221 


1,599 


193 


28 


341 


1,255 



POLITICAL. 



551 



STATEMENT OE REGISTERED VOTERS OE THE STATE OF LOUIS- 
IANA FOR THE YEAR 1886— Continued. 



Parishes. 





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£ 


£ 


fc 


L,207 


1,191 


16 


637 


570 


585 


52 


121 


449 


,103 


3.978 


125 


1,194 


2.909 


1,017 


177 


262 


2,647 


>,721 


2,710 


11 


911 


1,810 


778 


133 


119 


1,691 


»,831 


10.488 


343 


6,024 


4,807 


3,390 


2,634 


411 


4,396 


;,699 


3.339 


60 


1,471 


1,928 










'.037 


6.813 


224 


1.942 


5,095 


1.738 


204 


730 


4,365 


.257 


1,190 


67 


796 


461 


673 


123 


194 


207 


\2G9 


2.189 


80 


1,428 


841 


1,197 


231 


105 


736 


:.183 


4,123 


60 


489 


3,694 


484 


5 


572 


3,122 


,424 


4,326 


98 


1,981 


2,443 


897 


1,084 


359 


2,084 


,084 


3,061 


23 


1,992 


1,092 


1.782 


210 


80 


1,012 


,729 


1,702 


27 


1,363 


366 


603 


760 


84 


282 


,030 


1.026 


4 


964 


66 


712 


252 




66 


919 


917 


9 


672 


247 


477 


195 


47 


200 


,015 


1,984 


31 


932 


1,083 


902 


30 


60 


1,023 


,569 


1,526 


43 


493 


1,076 


439 


54 


287 


759 


613 


605 


8 


283 


330 


216 


67 


70 


260 


,591 


2,545 


46 


550 


2,041 


541 


9 


176 


1,865 


,193 


1,187 


6 


1,017 


176 
110,445 


800 
89,856 


217 

20,464 


38 


138 


,236 


203,489 


18,747 111,791 


16,570 


91,947 



St. Helena 1 

St. James 4 

St. John 2 

St. Landry 10 

St. Martin* 3 

St. Mary 7 

St. Tammany .... 1 

Tangipahoa . . . . 2 

Tensas 4 

Terrebonne 4 

Union 3 

Vermilion 1 

Vernon 1 

Washington . . 

Webster 2 

W. Baton Rouge. . 1 
West Carroll 

West Feliciana . . 2 

Winn 1 



* First volume of record of Registered Voters, Parish of St. Martin, containing 2,558 
names, was lost or stolen ; hence, cannot give the number of white and colored voters who 
write their names and who make their marks. 

STATE OF LOUISIANA, 
Office of the Secretary of State. 
I, the undersigned, Secretary of State of the State of Louisiana, do hereby certify that 
the above is a true and accurate statement of the Registered Voters of the State of Louisiana, 
according to the returns filed and deposited in this office by the Tax Assessors of the several 
parishes of this State and the Supervisor of Registration for the Parish of Orleans for the 
year 1886. 

Given under my signature and the seal of the State of Louisiana, at the City of Baton 
Rouge, this twenty-fourth day of January, A. D. 1887. 

(Seal) OSCAR ARROYO, Secretary of State. 



552 



POLITICAL. 



STATEMENT OF REGISTERED VOTERS OF THE STATE OF LOUIS- 
IANA FOR THE YEAR 1888, UP TO APRIL 7, 1888. 





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£ 


£ 


£ 


£ 


£ 


fc 


fc 


fc 


Acadia 


. . 2,308 


1,926 


382 


2,006 


302 


851 


1,155 


87 


215 


Ascension . . 


. 5,312 


5,023 


289 


1.864 


3,448 


1,436 


428 


643 


2,805 


Assumption . . 


. . 5,643 


5,517 


126 


2;500 


3,143 


1,668 


832 


1,086 


2,057 


Avoyelles 


. 4,946 


4,836 


110 


2,300 


2,646 


1,579 


721 


501 


2,145 


Bienville . . 


. . 2,713 


2,699 


14 


1,731 


982 


1,671 


60 


58 


924 


Bossier 


. . 4,625 


4,590 


35 


1,100 


3,525 


1,075 


25 


100 


3,425 


Caddo 


. . 6,080 


5,603 


477 


2,152 


3,928 


1,962 


190 


456 


3,472 


Calcasieu . . 


. . 5,034 


4,429 


605 


4,304 


730 


2,797 


1,507 


219 


511 


Caldwell . . 


.-. 1,113 


1,110 


3 


591 


522 


561 


30 


90 


432 


Cameron . . 


450 


422 


28 


396 


54 


212 


184 


5 


49 


Catahoula . . 


. 2,500 


2,460 


40 


1,345 


1,155 


905 


440 


155 


1,000 


Claiborne . . 


. 5,117 


5,104 


13 


2,512 


2,605 


2,459 


53 


201 


2,404 


Concordia. . . . 


. . 4,104 


4,084 


20 


676 


3,428 


670 


6 


400 


3,028 


De Soto 


. . 2,899 


2,878 


21 


1.154 


1,745 


1,094 


60 


57 


1,688 


East Baton Rouge 7,186 


6,844 


342 


2,762 


4,424 


2,454 


308 


797 


3,628 


East Carroll . . 


. . 3,046 


3,004 


42 


321 


2,725 


321 




377 


2,347 


East Feliciana 


. . 3,054 


2,899 


155 


1,100 


1,954 


1,067 


"33 


141 


1,813 


Franklin . . 


. . 1,244 


1,225 


19 


513 


731 


422 


91 


76 


655 


Grant 


. . 1,283 


1,276 


7 


722 


561 


468 


254 


147 


414 


Iberia 


. 5,554 


5,318 


236 


2,344 


3,210 


1,629 


715 


520 


2,690 


Iberville 


. 6,246 


6,091 


155 


1,256 


4,990 


1,082 


174 


520 


4,470 


Jackson 


. . 1,249 


1,246 


3 


780 


469 


669 


111 


84 


385 


Jefferson . . 


. . 3,736 


3,422 


314 


1,332 


2,404 


1,032 


300 


428 


1,176 


Lafayette . . 


. 3,364 


2,648 


716 


2,020 


1,344 


1,006 


1,014 


334 


• 1,010 


Lafourche . . . 


. . 5,531 


5,385 


146 


3,303 


2,228 


1,719 


1,584 


420 


1,808 


Lincoln 


. . 2,676 


2,665 


11 


1,757 


919 


1,476 


281 


80 


839 


Livingston. . . 


. . 1,247 


1,207 


40 


1,075 


172 


805 


270 


32 


140 


Madison .... 


. . 3,698 


3,662 


36 


330 


3,368 


319 


11 


464 


2,904 


Morehouse . . 


. 3,162 


3,139 


23 


785 


2,377 


767 


18 


53 


2,324 


Natchitoches . . 


. 5,294 


5,186 


108 


2,314 


2,980 


1,439 


875 


457 


2,523 


Orleans — 




















1st Ward . . 


. 3,278 


2,543 


735 


2,698 


580 


2,450 


248 


252 


328 


2nd Ward . . 


. 3,910 


3,036 


874 


3,132 


778 


2,903 


229 


268 


510 


3rd Ward . . 


. 5,708 


4,458 


1,250 


4,091 


1,617 


3,769 


322 


742 


875 


4th Ward . . 


. . 2,970 


2,272 


698 


2,219 


751 


2,075 


144 


399 


352 


5th Ward . . 


. 3,830 


3,001 


829 


2,969 


861 


2,591 


378 


480 


381 


6th Ward . . 


. 2,630 


1,985 


645 


2,157 


473 


1,654 


503 


266 


207 


7th Ward . . 


. 4,085 


3,370 


715 


2,835 


1,250 


2,569 


266 


712 


538 


8th Ward . . 


. 2,264 


1,768 


496 


1,987 


277 


1,823 


164 


122 


155 


9 th Ward . . 


. 3,511 


2,595 


916 


2,925 


586 


2,668 


257 


175 


411 


10th Ward . . 


. 4,426 


3,359 


1,067 


3,652 


774 


3,440 


212 


360 


414 


11th Ward . . 


. 4,452 


• 3,480 


972 


3,483 


969 


3,253 


230 


462 


507 


12th Ward . . 


. 2,455 


1,998 


457 


1,927 


528 


1,791 


136 


230 


298 


13th Ward . . 


. 1,450 


1,205 


245 


1,028 


422 


952 


76 


189 


233 


14th Ward . . 


774 


619 


155 


524 


250 


480 


44 


98 


152 


15th Ward . . 


. 2,625 


2,182 


443 


1,463 


1,162 


1,344 


119 


321 


841 


16th Ward . . 


827 


708 


119 


327 


500 


308 


19 


180 


320 


17th Ward . . 


779 


633 


146 


486 


293 


436 


50 


86 


207 


Ouachita . . 


. 3,914 


3,842 


72 


1,044 


2,870 


938 


106 


781 


2,089 


Plaquemines . . 


. 2,946 


2,341 


605 


1,162 


1,784 


927 


235 


413 


1,371 


Pointe Coupee . 


. 4,436 


4,231 


205 


1,327 


3,109 


1,109 


218 


402 


2,707 


Rapides 


. 7,309 


5,196 


2,113 


4,893 


2,416 


4,240 


653 


236 


2,180 


Red River .... 


. 1,938 


1,920 


18 


690 


1,248 


580 


110 


186 


1,062 


Richland . . 


. 1,793 


1,769 


24 


644 


1,149 


571 


73 


189 


960 


Sabine 


. 1,972 


1,952 


20 


1,538 


434 


1,173 


365 


40 


394 



POLITICAL. 



553 



STATEMENT OF REGISTERED VOTERS OF THE STATE OF LOUIS- 
IANA FOR THE YEAR 1888, UP TO APRIL 7, 1888— Continued. 





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25 1 • 


I 25- 


fc 


St. Bernard . . . 


. 1,829 


1,656 


173 


871 


958 


462 


409 


398 


560 


St. Charles . . . 


. 2,096 


2,078 


18 


242 


1,854 


199 


43 


408 


1,446 


St. Helena. . . . 


. 1,509 


1,491 


18 


761 


748 


684 


77 


157 


591 


St. James . . 


. 5,235 


4,450 


785 


1,835 


3,400 


1,541 


294 


374 


3,026 


St. John 


. 2^962 


2,947 


15 


1,011 


1,951 


884 


127 


145 


1,806 


St. Landry . . . 


. 10,947 


10,835 


112 


5,354 


5,593 


3,745 


1,609 


1,677 


3,916 


St. Martin* . . . 


. 3,674 


3,630 


44 


1,476 


2,198 










St. Mary . . ... 


. 7,676 


7,413 


263 


2,227 


5,449 


l',938 


*289 


*695 


4,754 


St. Tammany . . 


. 1,859 


1,741 


118 


1,158 


701 


958 


200 


254 


447 


Tangipahoa . . . 


. 2,842 


2,737 


105 


1,727 


1,115 


1,465 


262 


243 


872 


Tensas 


. 5,163 


5,091 


72 


728 


4,435 


721 


7 


723 


3,712 


Terrebonne . . 


. 5,311 


5,220 


91 


2,276 


3,035 


966 


1,310 


459 


2,576 


Union . . . . . . . 


. 2,965 


2,938 


27 


1,854 


1,111 


1,594 


260 


130 


981 


Vermilion . . 


. 2,490 


2,417 


73 


1,931 


559 


820 


1,111 


107 


452 


Vernon 


952 


876 


76 


829 


123 


640 


189 


53 


70 


Washington . . 


. 1,215 


1,213 


2 


892 


323 


619 


273 


60 


263 


Webster 


. 2,463 


2,423 


40 


1,146 


1,317 


1,096 


50 


68 


1,249 


West Baton Rouge 2,377 


2,270 


107 


547 


1,830 


386 


161 


241 


1,589 


West Carroll. . 


571 


568 


3 


252 


319 


202 


50 


56 


263 


West Feliciana. 


. 3,350 


3,225 


125 


550 


2,800 


510 


40 


150 


2,650 


Winn 


. 1,375 

.253,557 


1,369 
232,949 


6 


1,194 
125,407 


181 


856 


338 


35 


146 


Totals 


20,608 


128,150 


99,945 


23,986 


23,010 


102,942 



♦The original registration book having been destroyed by fire, the number of white and 
colored voters who write their names and who make their marks cannot be given. 



554 



POLITICAL. 



STATEMENT REGISTERED VOTERS, 1896. 



Parishes. 



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Acadia 3,898 3,662 236 3,257 641 1,594 

Ascension 5,473 5,323 150 1,035 2,298 3,175 

Assumption 4,987 4,915 72 2,526 2,467 1,385 

Avoyelles 5,423 5,378 45 2,894 2,529 2,210 

Bienville 3,604 3,000 604 2,354 1,250 2,000 

Bossier 6,051 5,931 120 1,427 4,624 1,389 

Caddo 6,473 5,825 648 2,215 4,258 2,172 

Calcasieu 7,997 7,251 746 5,725 1,526 4,360 

Caldwell 1,350 1,340 10 710 640 533 

Cameron 665 637 28 583 82 365 

Catahoula 2,780 2,670 110 1,585 1,195 1,375 

Claiborne . . . . 4,050 4,040 10 2,110 1,940 1,990 

Concordia 3,837 3,815 22 400 3,437 400 

De Soto '. . 4,912 4,880 32 2,037 2,875 1,936 

East Baton Rouge. 8,060 7,732 328 2,839 5,221 2,538 

East Carroll 3,021 3,010 11 386 2,635 386 

East Feliciana 3,751 3,540 211 1,180 2,571 1,171 

Franklin 1,891 1,867 24 865 1,026 774 

Grant 2,725 2,715 10 1,813 912 1,614 

Iberia 4,790 4,614 176 2,846 1,944 2,515 

Iberville 5,266 5,000 266 1,800 3,466 1,700 

Jackson 1,650 1,645 5 1,154 496 993 

Jefferson 1,506 1,250 256 685 821 422 

Lafayette 626 579 47 626 ... 301 

Lafourche 7,799 7,576 423 4,712 3,282 2,547 

Lincoln 3,901 3,882 19 2,470 1,431 2,127 

Livingston 1,940 1,891 47 1,590 350 1,120 

Madison 2,324 2,317 7 290 2,034 290 

Morehouse 3,770 3,737 33 892 2,888 800 

Natchitoches 4,534 4,409 125 3,222 1,312 2,500 

Orleans 60,084 49,019 11,065 45,907 14,177 42,724 

Ouachita 3,677 3,554 123 1,565 2,112 1,452 

Plaquemines 3,862 3,027 835 1,888 1,974 1,277 

Pointe Coupee 5,487 5,351 138 1,333 4,254 1,086 

Rapides 9,956 7,764 2,192 6,633 3,323 5,588 

Red River 2,370 2,355 15 829 1,541 779 

Richland 2,676 2,643 29 814 1,858 733 

Sabine 4,080 4,046 34 3,399 680 2,724 

St. Bernard 1,695 1,508 187 843 852 453 

St. Charles 2,696 2,595 101 558 2,138 291 

St. Helena 1,620 1,600 20 816 804 721 

St. James 5,211 4,785 426 2,051 3,160 1,326 

St. J. the Baptist.. 4,203 3,687 516 1,557 2,646 1,196 

St. Landry 7,807 7,716 91 4,686 3,121 3,124 

St. Martin 4,192 4,077 115 2,212 1,980 

St. Mary 6,400 6,220 180 2,461 3,939 1,402 

St. Tammany 2,834 2,636 198 1,693 1,141 1,348 

Tangipahoa 3,144 3,000 144 2,131 1,013 1,869 

Tensas 5,877 5,706 171 576 3,203 570 

Terrebonne 4,868 4,676 192 2,513 2,355 1,187 

Union 3,483 3,460 23 2,026 1,457 1,759 

Vermilion 3,894 3,829 65 3,208 686 1,683 

Vernon 1,381 1,379 2 1,311 70 965 

Washington 1,610 1,600 10 1,190 420 900 

Webster 2,869 2,832 37 1,521 1,348 1,471 

West Baton Rouge. 2,623 2,565 58 750 1,873 468 

West Carroll ...... 892 884 8 306 586 254 

West Feliciana . . . 4,502 4,436 66 700 3,802 688 

Winn 1,654 1,648 • 6 1,469 185 1,140 



1,163 

1,834 

1,141 

684 

354 

38 

43 

1,365 

177 

218 

210 

120 

ioi 

301 

' *9 
91 
202 
331 
100 
161 
263 
325 
2,165 
343 
470 

'82 

260 

3,183 

113 

611 

247 

1,045 

50 

81 

675 

390 

267 

95 

725 

361 

1,562 

1,059 

345 

262 

6 

1,326 

267 

1,525 

346 

290 

50 

282 

52 

12 

329 



96 
464 

606 
1,017 
250 
311 
425 
541 
260 
19 
420 
460 
375 
272 
1,231 
865 
437 
187 
358 
294 
450 
114 
205 

548 
235 
90 
265 
210 
200 

8,459 
438 

1,040 
674 

1,023 
64 
451 
223 
291 
504 
181 
681 
703 
511 

1,206 
540 
263 
579 
783 
343 
101 
15 
200 
141 
430 
192 
300 
46 



545 

2,140 

1,861 

1,513 

1,000 

4,313 

3,833 

985 

380 

63 

775 

1,480 

3,062 

2,603 

3,990 

1,770 

2,134 

839 

551 

1,650 

2,916 

382 

616 

2,739 
1,196 

255 
1,769 
2,678 
1,112 
5,718 
1,674 

934 
3,584 
2,300 
1,477 
1,407 

447 

561 
1,634 

623 
2,479 
1,943 
2,610 

2,733 

601 

750 

4,722 

1,572 

1,114 

585 

55 

220 

1,207 

1,443 

394 

8,502 

139 



I 



POLITICAL. 



555 



STATEMENT OF REGISTERED VOTERS ON JANUARY 1, 

(Act 89 of 1896.) 



1898. 









S tj o i ; 2 :. 8 «g ■* ^a 

w -5 fe ' £ o .2 <* 2 3 Ort 

'So £ «s £ > o< o^ ^£ 

©1 s^i St: -so •-£ s-S °£ 

Parishes. 2- tt oS £ o ^ ^ H o H 

^ £3 >* £ 6 ££ £3 os 

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5 H H» * K ^ K^ ^ 

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■5 s a a a a> a^ a^ 

; __H fc 2 2 2 2 fc 2 

Acadia 901 835 66 877 24 792 851 19 

Ascension 1,093 1,088 5 812 281 713 198 75 

Assumption 1,720 1,677 43 1,514 206 917 596 72 

Avoyelles 752 728 24 743 9 686 57 9 

Bienville 1,481 1,450 31 1,268 213 1,465 25 20 

Bossier 1,142 1,127 15 683 450 652 31 117 

Caddo 2,723 2,483 240 2,620 103 2,570 50 25 

Calcasieu 2,596 2,207 389 2,399 197 2,240 159 97 

Caldwell 788 786 2 434 354 411 23 88 

Cameron 224 209 15 219 5 195 24 3 

Catahoula 1,080 1,076 4 643 437 601 42 136 

Claiborne 1,352 1,347 5 1,252 100 1,177 75 50 

Concordia 380 372 8 188 192 188 . . . 106 

DeSoto 830 815 15 819 11 781 38 9 

East Baton Rouge. 1,074 978 96 997 77 985 12 69 

East Carroll 193 164 29 182 11 181 1 9 

East Feliciana 647 607 40 609 38 604 5 28 

Franklin 765 758 7 473 292 445 28 63 

Grant 587 584 3 571 16 451 46 11 

Iberia 867 765 102 867 ... 867 

Iberville 762 721 41 699 63 690 9 62 

Jackson 893 890 3 719 174 671 48 63 

Jefferson 4,351 3,491 860 2,743 1,608 2,398 345 1,302 

Lafayette 677 545 132 677 . . . 590 87 

Lafourche 859 821 38 808 51 607 201 11 

Lincoln 1,310 1,308 2 1,067 243 368 199 86 

Livingston 1,025 993 32 930 95 726 204 27 

Madison 229 217 12 203 26 227 2 26 

Morehouse 544 531 13 457 87 449 8 39 

Natchitoches 1,616 1,574 42 1,603 13 1,204 399 13 

Orleans 24.441 24.603 4,838 26,353 3,088 25,499 977 2,749 

Ouachita 1.451 1,377 74 873 578 853 20 166 

Plaquemines 702 574 128 395 107 506 90 73 

Pointe Coupee.... 536 470 57 499 37 452 47 22 

Ranides 1,630 1,430 200 1,530 100 1.500 30 100 

Red River 838 832 6 536 302 488 48 59 

Highland 350 335 15 297 53 294 3 44 

Sabine 827 817 10 813 14 770 43 9 

St. Bernard 1,235 1,081 154 880 355 755 125 260 

St. Charles 984 790 194 944 40 600 344 40 

St. Helena 433 425 8 414 19 409 5 15 

St. James 754 737 17 322 432 304 18 198 

St. John Baptist.. 1,197 1.186 11 542 655 459 83 373 

St. Landry. 1,653 1,569 84 1,512 141 1,345 164 106 

St. ATartin 383 381 2 383 ... 351 32 

St. Mary 1,103 1,009 94 1,101 2 1,022 79 2 

St. r ammany 595 559 36 468 127 432 36 80 

Tam.inahoa 1,439 1,428 11 1,341 98 1,341 ... 98 

Tens is 691 643 48 238 453 237 1 177 

TPrrebonne 738 709 29 719 19 602 107 14 

Union 1,376 1,362 14 1,206 170 1,116 90 76 

Vermilion 472 451 21 455 17 411 44 16 

Vernon 757 755 2 725 32 646 79 9 

^a«*hineton 687 685 2 567 117 525 32 66 

Webster 1.276 1.262 14 903 373 866 27 64 

West Baton Rouge 439 416 23 438 1 325 113 1 

West Carroll...'.. 314 313 1 192 122 174 18 52 

WP*t Feliciana. .. . 451 438 13 450 1 435 15 1 

Winn 1,027 1.025 2 961 66 864 97 36 

Total 87.240 78.818 8.422 74.133 12,902 68.442 6.540 7.541 



206 
134 

193 

342 

78 

100 

266 

2 

301 

50 

80 

2 

8 

2 

10 

229 

5 

* i 
in 

306 

40 

157 

68 

48 

337 

412 

34 

15 

243 

9 

5 

95 

' '4 
234 

282 
35 



47 

276 

5 

94 

1 

23 

51 

309 

70 

30 
5.361 



556 



POLITICAL. 



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558 



POLITICAL. 



NUMBER OF PERSONS LISTED AND QUALIFIED FOR 
REGISTRATION 

Under Section 5 of Article 212 of the Constitution of 1898. 



Parishes. White. Colored. 

Acadia 545 

Ascension 1,111 

Assumption 1,645 

Avoyelles 920 

Bienville 413 

Bossier 720 

Caddo 28 

Calcasieu 361 

Caldwell 145 

Cameron 97 

Catahoula 177 

Claiborne 565 

Concordia 48 

De Soto 41 

East Baton Rouge 48 

East Carroll 47 

East Feliciana 26 

Franklin 220 

Grant 822 

Iberia 1,204 

Iberville 564 

Jackson 415 

Jefferson 579 

Lafourche 2,683 

Lafayette 768 

Livingston 629 

Lincoln 727 

Madison 10 

Morehouse 25 

Natchitoches 316 

Orleans 5,882 

Ouachita 172 

PJaquemines 410 

Pointe Coupee 830 

Rapides 152 

Red River 77 

Richland 144 

Sabine 903 

St. Bernard 284 

St. Charles 658 

St. Helena 163 

St. James 143 

St. John the Baptist 360 

St. Landry 2,564 

St. Martin 1,151 

St. Mary 343 

St. Tammany 993 

Tangipahoa 363 

Tensas 304 

Terrebonne 1,851 

Union 280 

Vermilion 1,074 

Vernon 705 

Washington 462 

Webster 791 

West Baton Rouge 65 

West Carroll 182 

West Feliciana 227 

Winn 445 2 

Total 37,877 111 



1 
23 



1 
18 



48 

1 
1 



Total 
545 

1,111 

1,645 

920 

413 

720 

28 

361 

147 

97 

177 

565 

48 

41 

48 

47 

26 

220 

822 

1,204 
564 
418 
579 

2,683 
768 
629 
728 
10 
25 
316 

5,890 
172 
410 
830 
152 
77 
145 
903 
285 
681 
163 
144 
378 

2,564 

1,152 
343 

1,041 
364 
305 

1,851 
280 

1,074 
705 
462 
791 
65 
182 
227 
447 

37,988 



POLITICAL. 



559 



COLORED TAXPAYERS. 

Compilation of the Keports of the Tax Assessors showing the number 
of colored males in the State of Louisiana who are over 21 years of age, 
whose names appear upon the tax rolls in their respective parishes as own- 
ers of property amounting to not less than Three Hundred Dollars 
($300.00), and who, by reason of this, are entitled to register and vote at 
all elections: 

Number 
colored males 



Number 
Parishes. colored males 

Acadia 50 

Ascension 46 

Assumption 14 

Avoyelles 92 

Bienville 53 

Bossier 175 

Caddo 285 

Calcasieu 48 

Caldwell 43 

Cameron 22 

Catahoula 41 

Claiborne 189 

Concordia 52 

DeSoto 242 

East Baton Kouge 140 

East Carroll 40 

East Feliciana 119 

Franklin 41 

Grant 29 

Iberia 135 

Iberville 35 

Jackson 71 

Jefferson 153 

Lafayette 140 

Lafourche 27 

Lincoln 96 

Livingston 4 

Madison 27 

Morehouse 110 

Natchitoches 206 

Ouachita 106 

Plaquemines 101 

Pointe Coupee 90 



Parishes. 
Orleans : 

First District 44 

Second District 180 

Third District 203 

Fourth District 49 

Fifth District 94 

Sixth District 168 

Seventh District 124 

Rapides 118 

Red River 77 

Richland 96 

Sabine 18 

St. Bernard 7 

St. Charles 99 

St. Helena 67 

St. James 69 

St. John the Baptist 25 

St. Landry 264 

St. Martin 298 

St. Mary 143 

St. Tammany 45 

Tangipahoa 71 

Tensas 70 

Terrebonne 21 

Union 107 

Vermilion 61 

Vernon 10 

Washington 78 

Webster 93 

West Baton Rouge 29 

West Carroll 47 

West Feliciana 75 

Winn 28 



Grand total 5,900 



560 POLITICAL. 



ELECTION TABLES. 



OFFICIAL VOTE FOE GOVERNOR 
Cast in the Several Parishes of the State of Louisiana on Nov. 4, 1872. 

Parishes. W. P. Kellogg. Jno. McEnery. 

Ascension 1,840 666 

Assumption 1,912 1,276 

Avoyelles 1,885 1,286 

Bienville 428 872 

Bossier 1,159 

Caddo 1,238 627 

Calcasieu 96 548 

Caldwell 369 486 

Cameron 40 176 

Catahoula 878 678 

Claiborne . 942 1,357 

Concordia 1,671 186 

De Soto 1,022 790 

East Baton Rouge 2,459 917 

Carroll 1,452 382 

East Feliciana 1,690 653 

Franklin 268 535 

Grant 779 165 

Iberia 965 616 

Iberville 2,239 691 

Jackson 610 446 

Jefferson 1,732 970 

Lafourcbe 1,792 1,697 

Lafayette 482 884 

Iiivingston 146 553 

Madison 1,756 305 

Morehouse 1,262 625 

Natchitoches 1,206 

Orleans 14,043 20,537 

Ouachita 1,441 606 

Plaquemines 2,163 460 

Pointe Coupee 1,454 1,092 

Rapides 1,920 1,049 

Red River 913 362 

Richland 218 646 

Sabine 62 789 

St. Bernard 469 260 

St. Charles 1,231 119 

St. Helena 541 437 

St. James 1,852 657 

St. John the Baptist 1,167 538 

St. Landry 1,890 2,347 

St. Martin 718 670 

St. Mary 1,667 739 

St. Tammany 112 111 

Tangipahoa 769 614 

Tensas 2,275 166 

Terrebonne 1,593 1,407 

Union 489 460 

Vermilion 228 256 

Vernon 39 692 

Washington 176 494 

Webster 824 577 

West Baton Rouge 900 287 

West Feliciana 1,309 273 

Winn 109 575 



Total 72,890 55,249 



POLITICAL. 561 

COMPAEATIYE VOTE FOE GOVERNOK FBOM 1876 TO 1888. 

1876 1879 1884 1888 

2 gf $ 2 3 

o 3 g o 2 

^.3 3S £S 13 a s |S *3 £S 

* ■ -sa §« w a gp; ga -«§, ~a *§. 
__... go «« S q *,« ap 5« §p cm 

Acadia ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,688 149 

Ascension '.WW 1,219 2,052 414 1,346 1,016 1,563 2,715 1,334 

Assumption 1,697 1.684 1.506 1.919 1.000 1,741 1,902 2,159 

Avovelles 1,485 1,563 1,608 1,355 1,853 991 2,425 1,310 

Baton Rouge, East 2,281 1,623 1,591 1,317 1,478 2,319 1,984 2,606 

Raton Rouge, West 442 902 338 563 794 408 1,712 454 

Bienville 958 226 1,101 ... 1,528 2 1,923 37 

Bossier 889 1,724 1,530 278 2,342 686 4,213 95 

Caddo ..." 1.719 2,620 2.6755 501 2.000 549 4,802 324 

Calcasieu 1,308 85 1,409 129 1,944 222 2,297 708 

Caldwell 626 282 682 228 673 182 671 276 

Cameron 246 52 252 59 255 46 402 2 

Carroll, East 181 1,382 702 1,316 2,680 285 

Carroll West ... 503 56 483 4 420 81 

Catahoula 058 801 800 482 1,402 85 992 885 

Claiborne 1,588 427 1,725 444 2.175 596 2.397 768 

Concordia 379 2.445 1.269 1,024 2.208 676 4.219 145 

De Soto 1,313 892 908 8 1.732 5 1.865 74 

Feliciana. East 1.741 780 1.259 293 1.963 366 2,277 5 

Feliciana, West 1.246 129 1.339 147 1.808 252 2.038 377 

Franklin 789 405 822 1 927 1 987 4 

Grant 514 1.449 351 106 508 636 582 402 

Iberia 1,273 2,283 826 1.363 2,233 1.262 1.923 590 

Iberville 965 35 626 2,245 992 1,817 1,802 2,610 

Jackson 456 1.688 602 ... 608 ... 963 7 

Jefferson 859 1.688 423 1,389 855 1.281 

Lafourche 2.006 2.000 1,715 1,366 1.773 1.422 2.702 1.548 

Lafavette 1.158 RfiO 1.205 690 1.296 1,015 1.708 1,234 

Lincoln 1,080 324 1,400 . . . 1,222 9 1,273 

Livingston 779 121 543 80 525 1,306 766 192 

Madison 336 2,510 2,370 78 787 731 3.530 

Morehouse 1,400 762 947 164 669 15 1,584 14 

Natchitoches 1.770 2.004 1.356 510 2.903 535 3.373 285 

Ouachita 1,809 781 1.976 11 1.355 1 2.994 5 

Orlea"hs 25,097 15.030 13,704 5.800 20.878 4.038 27.824 11.142 

Plaquemines 727 1.732 829 1.637 573 1.505 971 1.678 

Pointe Coupee 1.096 1.963 1.366 909 1.450 922 1,946 1,465 

Rar>Ides 1,649 1,729 1.941 899 1,708 1,157 4.678 449 

Red River 413 832 694 79 574 552 1,679 78 

Richland 975 265 1.158 22 1.201 2 1,287 63 

Sabine 968 23 823 7 933 ... 1.441 2 

St. Bernard 335 691 897 472 706 683 904 396 

St. Charles 263 1.041 114 1,105 4 816 172 1.377 

St. Helena 652 51 fi 4R4 352 528 540 846 370 

St. John the Baptist 757 1.287 492 495 282 1.015 593 1.216 

St. James 984 1.984 806 1.456 492 1.290 898 2,181 

St. Landrv 3.750 2.245 3.527 2.261 3.746 2,581 3.909 3.278 

St. Martin 1.032 1.000 852 1.067 1.173 985 1.107 1,624 

St. Mary 1,455 2.397 545 1,237 326 2,435 2,885 1,649 

St. Tammany 645 550 605 398 452 549 912 615 

Tensas 486 3,192 1,944 346 3,820 2 4,627 113 

Terrebonne 1,402 1,962 1,007 1,937 1,059 1,810 1,687 2,033 

Tangipahoa 936 558 795 561 814 676 1,249 629 

Union 1,505 87 1.598 78 1,087 345 2,369 91 

Vermilion 908 272 976 305 1,255 422 1,687 619 

Vernon 649 1 688 ... 746 ... 947 

Washington 519 163 574 175 596 579 763 271 

Webster 896 858 588 574 588 840 1,506 325 

Winn 556 78 720 2 812 12 1,196 83 

Total 84,487 76.477 74,098 42,555 88,794 43,502 136,746 51,993 



OFFICIAL VOTE FOE GOVERNOR AND LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR, 

Cast tihe 19th day of April, A. D. 1892. 





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a 
o 

V 


a 

el 

a 

o 


H 

3 
OS 

t-> 
ffl 


to 

1 


1 

a 


■9 


Parishes. 


SO 


a 


£ 


J 


U 


H 


d 


at 


£ 




* 


"3 


Q 


d . 


w 


Q 




a 


m 


»-» 




2 


O 


xA 


ftj BBS ^ 


M 


o 


>-8 


« 


w 


Acadia 


1,670 


1,688 


224 


119 


in 


109 


78 


78 


223 


216 


Ascension 


2,623 


2,628 


653 


652 


1,128 


1,121 


80 


79 


7 


7 


Assumption . 


989 


991 


927 


929 


1,721 


1,720 










Avoyelles . . . 


2,209 


2,211 


913 


907 


944 


947 


182 


isi 


19i 


189 


Bienville 


1,121 


1,123 


322 


317 


2 


2 


3 


3 


533 


533 


Bossier 


3,704 


3,704 


217 


217 


96 


96 


102 


102 


9 


9 


Caddo 


2,489 


2,489 


658 


658 


234 


233 


25 


26 


92 


93 


Calcasieu . . . 


1,456 


1,465 


1,051 


976 


489 


597 


337 


340 


677 


683 


Caldwell 


331 


328 


393 


395 


37 


36 


2 


2 


355 


354 


Cameron 


289 


283 


93 


94 


31 


33 


35 


35 






Catahoula . . . 


428 


424 


410 


413 


360 


362 


81 


82 


853 


858 


Claiborne . . . 


2,040 


2,038 


393 


382 


690 


691 


1 


1 


109 


107 


Concordia . . 


1,500 


1,500 


399 


400 


289 


289 


21 


21 


83 


83 


De Soto 


1,093 


1,093 


470 


472 


536 


534 






282 


286 


B. B. Rouge. 


1,477 


1,475 


1,004 


1,004 


1,647 


1,647 


323 


322 


3 


4 


E. Carroll . . 


91 


91 


210 


210 


110 


110 


985 


785 






B. Feliciana. 


1,955 


1,962 


386 


383 


6 


6 






107 


ioi 


Franklin . . . 


662 


663 


360 


359 


148 


148 


'46 


'46 


39 


39 


Grant 


311 


311 


56 


56 


24 


246 


122 


122 


543 


543 


Iberia 


897 


899 


1,023 


1,026 


408 


407 


17 


17 






Iberville 


1,517 


1,518 


1,025 


1,025 


816 


815 


589 


588 


'io 


io 


Jackson 


654 


661 


126 


123 










389 


583 


Jefferson 


1,211 


1,209 


800 


800 


454 


457 


ii4 


4i7 


14 


14 


Lafayette . . . 


1,059 


1,058 


569 


570 


3 


3 


37 


35 






Lafourche . . 


1,000 


1,001 


1,804 


1,806 


1,080 


1,078 


66 


6 






Lincoln 


1,538 


1,551 


152 


151 


67 


65 






i24 


1.24 


Livingston . . . 


553 


561 


265 


264 


214 


216 






139 


131 


Madison 


3,030 


3,035 


34 


29 


80 


80 


162 


162 


7 


7 


Morehouse. . . 


1,082 


1,085 


301 


303 


16 


16 


33 


32 


2 


2 


Natchitoches . 


1,076 


1,089 


602 


587 


128 


126 


334 


329 


723 


717 


Orleans .... 


11,516 


11,511 


18,589 


18,633 


5,661 


5,671 


2,152 


2,143 


71 


70 


Ouachita 


2,549 


1,564 


1,249 


1,245 


6 


6 


22 


22 


28 


28 


Plaquemines. . 


1,133 


1,134 


482 


483 


213 


213 


1,163 


1,162 






Pte. Coupee. . 


671 


678 


746 


738 


2,069 


2,068 


81 


31 


*6 


"» 


Rapides 


2,983 


2,985 


439 


438 


100 


109 


780 


773 


639 


639 


Red River. . : 


663 


666 


165 


166 


606 


206 






234 


244 


Richland 


961 


961 


378 


378 


4 


4 


*22 


22 






Sabine ...... 


950 


958 


109 


106 










735 


73i 


St. Bernard. . 


126 


120 


564 


564 


108 


108 


300 


306 






St. Charles. . 


75 


5 


234 


233 


986 


988 


52 


52 






St. Helena. . . 


536 


539 


122 


123 


282 


282 


22 


22 


'38 


*38 


St. James. . . . 


766 


766 


579 


581 


1,285 


1,284 


296 


296 


... 




St. J. Baptist 


320 


311 


586 


584 


1,273 


1,275 


18 


18 






St. Landry. . 


3,434 


3,447 


611 


616 


1,222 


1,205 


2,419 


2,427 


183 


173 


St. Martin . . 


965 


970 


359 


358 


3 


3 


1 


1 






St. Mary 


3,134 


3.125 


391 


443 


429 


430 


103 


106 


"4 


"4 


St. Tammany. 


609 


609 


479 


481 


154 


154 


324 


271 


76 


127 


Tangipahoa . 


950 


953 


442 


444 


110 


110 


511 


513 


167 


165 


Tensas 


207 


207 


190 


190 


1,264 


1,264 


190 


190 






Terrebonne . . 


622 


622 


1,169 


1,167 


288 


290 


9 


8 






Union 


2,147 


2,150 


276 


288 


4 


2 


67 


67 


242 


238 


Vermilion . . : 


1,013 


1,029 


364 


853 


203 


203 


70 


70 


71 


68 


Vernon 


195 


194 


247 


252 


3 


3 






506 


506 


Washington . 


656 


656 


68 


68 


315 


315 






186 


186 


Webster . . . . 


1,214 


1,213 


71 


70 


103 


107 


' 4 




49 


49 


W. B. Rouge 


^76 


357 


307 


301 


848 


853 


28 


'28 


14 


14 


W. Carroll . . 


333 


342 


186 


185 


4 


4 






25 


24 


W, Feliciana. 


1,112 


1.080 


1.193 


1,233 


178 


177 






3 


3 


Winn 


136 

797388 


137 


111 
47.037 


113 
47.062 


58 
29,459 


58 
29.500 




12,298 


1,001 
9,792 


1,001 


Total . . 


79,495 


12,359 


9,804 



RECAPITULATION. 
For Governor — For Lieutenant-Governor — 

Murphv J. Foster .79,388 Charles Parlance 79,495 

Samuel D. McBnery <47,037 Robert C. Wickliffe 47,062 

A. H. Leonard 29,459 H.D.Coleman ,..29,500 

John B. Breanx 12,359 James C Weeks 19.99H 

R. H. Tannehill 9,792 S. J. Mills 9,804 



POLITICAL. 



563 



OFFICIAL VOTE FOR GOVERNOR AND LIEUT.-GOVERNOR, 

Cast at an Election Held April 21, 1896. 



For Governor. 



For Lieutenant Governor. 



Parishes. 



a 



Acadia 1,162 

Ascension 1,946 

Assumption 1,087 

Avoyelles 2,570 

Bienville 1,547 

Bossier 3,464 

Caddo 3.210 

Calcasieu 2,101 

Caldwell 376 

Cameron 349 

Catahoula 518 

Claiborne 1,495 

Concordia 3,013 

De Soto 1,994 

East Baton Rouge 1,470 

East Carroll 2,635 

East Feliciana 2,514 

Franklin 1,093 

Grant 440 

Iberia 1,045 

Iberville 3,092 

Jackson 447 

Jefferson 3,211 

Lafayette 1,509 

Lafourche 1,817 

Lincoln 878 

Livingston 579 

Madison 1,803 

Morehouse 1,032 

Natchitoches 1,030 

Orleans 26,330 

Ouachita 2,337 

Plaquemines 1,832 

Pointe Coupee 2,123 

Rapides 4,373 

Red River 1,140 

Richland 1,069 

Sabine 934 

St. Bernard 945 

St. Charles 979 

St. Helena 512 

-St. James 1,801 

St. John the Baptist 1,592 

St. Landry . . .-. 2,557 

St. Martin 1,339 

St. Mary 1,102 

St. Tammany 961 

Tangipahoa 1,501 

Tensas 1,968 

Terrebonne 1,286 

Union 1,279 

Vermilion 760 

Vernon 421 

Washington 694 

Webster 1,553 

West Baton Rouge 1,461 

West Carroll 362 

West Feliciana 3,093 

Winn 385 



2,182 
1,909 
2,699 
1,609 

959 

58 

JJ77 

3,531 

815 

259 

1,239 

1,850 

80 

608 
4,859 

239 

658 

1,430 

1,284 

251 

984 

878 

654 

1,934 

1,286 

764 

385 

1,186 
21,683 

850 
1,582 
1,891 
1,411 

605 
1,086 
1,033 

331 

763 

713 
1,795 

787 
2,656 

225 
3,483 

851 
1,466 

2,203 

1,353 

1,906 

607 

738 

530 

956 

367 

1 

959 



36 



40 



1,185 

1,945 

1,131 

2,637 

1,601 

3,465 

3,214 

2,191 

386 

314 

526 

1,523 

3,016 

2,050 

1,493 

2,635 

2,521 

1,113 

427 

1,081 

3,092 

442 

3,213 

1,555 

1,928 

899 

607 

1,803 

1,050 

1,157 

27,596 

2,389 

1,838 

2,128 

4,415 

1,174 

1,117 

941 

945 

979 

519 

1,815 

1,598 

2,500 

1,393 

1,095 

1,057 

1,520 

1,971 

1,330 

1,304 

779 

44 •> 

697 

1,579 

1,468 

366 

3,101 

401 



Total 116,216 90,138 



2,167 
1,913 
2,687 
1,588 

954 
58 

276 
3,621 

849 

253 

1,239 

1,832 

80 

607 
4,861 

238 

657 

1,428 

1,278 

251 

970 

873 

647 

1,901 

906 

759 

376 
1,196 

20,856 

833 

1,578 

1,891 

1,410 

604 

1,088 

1,088 

324 

763 

717 

1,760 

782 

2,656 

211 

3,495 

908 

1,459 

2,i89 
1,401 
1,897 

K1 1 

724 
521 
953 
369 
1 
961 



176 118,447 86,487 



RECAPITULATION. 
,, For Governor — For Lieutenant-Governor- 
Murphy J. Foster 116,216 Robert H. Snyder 

John N. Pharr 90.138 J. B. Kleinpeter 

A. B. Booth 176 J H. Kleinpeter . . 



418 



418 



118,447 

86,487 

418 



564 



POLITICAL. 



OFFICIAL VOTE FOE GOVERNOR AND LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR 

CAST ON APRIL 17, 1900. 







Governor 




Lieutenant Governor 






i 


•-a u 




"3 

a 


fag 

«! 


& 


• I 


Parishes. 


H 


a n 


4 s 


K o £ 

* fe a 

W CO 


w g 

o 

is a 


•_: o 


gag, 




. 0> 


0) V 


. <wz 


<ui> 


■d v 




S *iZ< 




SQ 


fa 


Q 


age. 
Q 




fa 


Q 


Acadia 


. . . . 1,050 


27 
104 


17 
37 


495 
799 


1,041 
801 


25 
101 


51 
168 


443 


Ascension 


807 


657 


Assumption 


805 


36 
43 


13 

63 


263 
• 73 


811 
1,390 


36 

42 


13 
50 


259 


Avoyelles 


.... 1,376 


62 


Bienville 


. . . . 905 


6 
3 


173 
3 


9 
3 


846 

509 


4 
3 


170 
2 


8 


Bossier 


605 


2 


Caddo 


... . 1,378 


8 


14 


6 


1,378 


2 


16 





Calcasieu . . . 


. . . 2,077 


114 


151 


112 


2,028 


102 


93 


107 


Caldwell 


368 


23 


139 




285 


16 


158 




Cameron 


223 


7 


9 


48 


224 


8 


7 


40 


Catahoula 


. . . . 735 


9 
6 


214 
164 


6 
2 


695 
839 


6 
7 


215 
156 


2 


Claiborne 


878 


1 


Concordia 


310 


39 


16 




310 


39 


9 




De Soto . . .' 


652 


1 


38 




644 


1 


87 


• • • 


East Baton Rouge .... 


819 


66 


10 


19 


815 


67 


9 


17 


East Carroll 


159 


1 
13 


1 
8 


6 

23 


158 
541 


1 
13 


"9 


6 


East Feliciana 


561 


20 


Franklin 


422 


6 


90 


29 


387 


7 


72 


26 


Grant 


600 


6 


204 


15 


571 


6 


206 


6 


Iberia 


1,035 


40 


24 


688 


1,024 


40 


17 


668 


Iberville 


603 


15 


6 


221 


599 


15 


6 


204 


Jackson 


531 


6 
107 


394 
2 


5 

9 


598 
1,450 


6 

106 


398 
2 


4 


Jefferson 


1,460 


9 


Lafourche 


1,540 


14 




1,121 
462 


1,542 

828 






1,104 
376 


Lafayette 


832 


8 


19 


8 


14 


Livingston 


511 


7 


91 


6 


510 


6 


86 


4 


Lincoln 


.... 666 


7 


437 


11 


642 


8 


426 


11 


Madison 


131 


2 


12 


5 


135 


2 


12 


5 


Morehouse 


435 


3 


16 


4 


428 


2 


22 


8 


Natchitoches 


706 


17 


67 


18 


686 


16 


64 


1« 


Orleans 


18,226 


888 


268 


2,472 


18,219 


888 


272 


2,428 


Ouachita 


590 


8 


224 


13 


570 


9 


205 


13 


Plaquemines 


648 


22 




74 


647 


22 




78 


Pointe Coupee 


671 


17 


14 




671 


16 


13 




Rapides 


1,590 


17 


48 


21 


1,576 


18 


29 


24 


Red River 


488 




17 


4 


480 




18 


S 


Richland 


352 


8 


22 


8 


347 


9 


20 


8 


Sabine 


865 


o 


170 




775 


5 


158 




St. Bernard 


624 


14 




6 


632 


10 




2 


St. Charles 


547 


3 


4 


8 


547 


4 


2 


8 


St. Helena 


308 


2 


14 


20 


301 


2 


14 


19 


St. James 


458 


242 


4 


520 


456 


242 


5 


516 


St. John the Baptist. . . 


867 


50 




153 


867 


50 




153 


St. Landry 


. . . 1,986 


37 


564 


44 


1,982 


36 


502 


94 


St. Martin 


... 826 


5 


4 


19 


825 


5 


4 


20 


St. Mary 


. . . 1,008 


22 


7 


557 


1,006 


21 


5 


536 


St. Tammany 


... 601 


105 


23 


51 


587 


100 


17 


37 


Tangipahoa 


473 


24 


33 


44 


470 


24 


28 


41 


Tensas 


... 235 


1 






236 


1 






Terrebonne 


... 1,173 


8 


8 


648 


1,161 


10 


4 


647 


Union 


... 808 


5 


256 




716 


3 


250 




Vermilion 


... 828 


145 


22 


81 


823 


142 


20 


76 


Vernon 


... 683 


35 


342 


23 


571 


33 


278 


13 


Washington 


.... 327 


20 


15 


8 


317 


19 


13 


8 


Webster 


... 670 


6 


51 


18 


637 


7 


37 


14 


West Baton Rouge .... 


282 


3 


1 


27 


281 


3 


1 


25 


West Carroll 


... 100 




11 




102 




8 




West Feliciana 


... 276 


3 


8 




273 


2 





• • • 


Winn 


... 516 


10 


376 




440 


10 


373 




Total 


...60,206 


2,449 


4,938 


9,277 


41,957 


2,386 


4,770 


8,882 



POLITICAL. 



565 



OFFICIAL RETURNS OF ELECTION 

For Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor, Attorney General and Superintendent 
of Public Education. Election in 1896. 



Parishes. 



For 
Secretary 
of State 



For 
Treasurer. 



For Auditor 
of Public 
Accounts. 



For 

Attorney 
General 



For 
Superint'd't 

of Public 
Education. 



Acadia 


1,186 


2,167 


1,183 


2,168 


1,191 


2,163 


1,286 


2,158 


1,190 


2,173 


Ascension .... 


1,939 


1,911 


1,945 


1,911 


1,946 


1,910 


1,946 


1,910 


1,944 


1,910 


Assumption . . . 


1,102 


2,688 


1,101 


2,689 


1,102 


2,679 


1,112 


2,688 


1,102 


2,689 


Avoyelles 


2,637 


1,588 


2,625 


1,594 


2,629 


1,588 


2,634 


1,587 


2,638 


1,583 


Bienville 


1,598 


973 


1,591 


972 


1.597 


965 


1,583 


1,050 


1,594 


971 


Bossier 


3,465 


57 


3,464 


49 


3,465 


57 


3,465 


57 


3,465 


57 


Caddo 


3,214 


276 


3,211 


279 


3,213 


276 


3,214 


276 


3,214 


276 


Calcasieu 


2,150 


3,622 


2,143 


3,619 


2,146 


3,620 


2,145 


3,612 


2,038 


3,629 


Caldwell 


387 


849 


387 


849 


390 


847 


385 


850 


387 


849 


Cameron 


314 


252 


323 


271 


338 


271 


315 


253 


310 


276 


Catahoula .... 


519 


1,239 


526 


1.238 


526 


1,239 


525 


1,239 


527 


1,239 


Claiborne 


1,513 


1,862 


1,530 


1,846 


1,532 


1,839 


1,523 


1,842 


1,530 


1,841 


Concordia 


3,016 


80 


3,016 


80 


3,016 


80 


3,016 


80 


3,016 


80 


De Soto 


2,053 


608 


2,049 


605 


2,053 


607 


2,054 


606 


2,055 


606 


E. Baton Rouge 


1,495 


4,858 


1,489 


4,864 


1,496 


4,862 


1,489 


4,863 


1,498 


4,855 


East Carroll . . 


2,635 




2,635 




2,635 




2,635 




2,635 


. , . 


East Feliciana. 


2,521 


239 


2,520 


239 


2,522 


239 


2,522 


239 


2,519 


239 


Franklin 


1,105 


657 


1,105 


658 


1,104 


656 


1,107 


657 


1,105 


658 


Grant 


447 


1,427 


447 


1,424 


448 


1,423 


452 


1,415 


448 


1,429 


Iberia 


1,081 


1,279 


1,047 


1,290 


1,083 


1,278 


1,077 


1,277 


1,082 


1,282 


Iberville 


3,092 


251 


3,092 


251 


3,092 


251 


3,092 


251 


3,092 


251 


Jackson 


459 


971 


459 


971 


462 


970 


459 


971 


457 


971 


Jefferson 


3,226 


874 


3,226 


874 


3,226 


874 


3,243 


707 


3,232 


872 


Lafayette 


1.557 


650 


1,552 


643 


1,574 


648 


1,575 


649 


1,575 


643 


Lafourche .... 


1,938 


1,897 


1,935 


1,899 


1,935 


1,897 


1,929 


1,903 


1,926 


1,903 


Lincoln 


896 


1,330 


897 


1,331 


907 


1,322 


897 


1,324 


890 


1,333 


Livingston .... 


608 


755 


607 


756 


610 


758 


609 


760 


610 


758 


Madison 


1,803 




1,803 




1,803 




1,803 




1,803 




Morehouse .... 


1,057 


357 


1,056 


357 


1,057 


356 


1,056 


356 


1,057 


357 


Natchitoches . . 


1,158 


1,197 


1,158 


1,198 


1,153 


1,202 


1,146 


1,198 


1,154 


1,202 


Orleans 


27,689 


21,065 


27,765 


20,981 


27,662 


21,113 


27,188 


21,146 


27,469 


21,120 


Ouachita 


2,403 


829 


2,401 


831 


2,409 


826 


2,408 


829 


2,408 


829 


Plaquemines . . 


1,837 


1,578 


1,838 


1.577 


1,837 


1,578 


1,837 


1,578 


1,837 


1,578 


Pointe Coupee. . 


2,123 


1,891 


2,123 


1,891 


2,123 


1,891 


2,123 


1,891 


2,123 


1,891 


Red River 


1,173 


605 


1,174 


603 


1,172 


603 


1,167 


603 


1,174 


603 


Rapides 


4,413 


1,413 


4,414 


1,413 


4,415 


1,412 


4,403 


1,413 


4,413 


1,412 


Richland 


1,120 


1,089 


1,121 


1,090 


1,120 


1,090 


1,120 


1,090 


1,121 


1,090 


Sabine 


948 


1,066 


948 


1,079 


948 


1,085 


946 


1,077 


948 


1,079 


St. Bernard . . . 


945 


324 


945 


324 


945 


324 


945 


324 


945 


324 


St. Charles . . . 


979 


763 


979 


763 


979 


763 


979 


763 


979 


763 


St. Helena 


522 


712 


517 


715 


519 


712 


519 


713 


518 


716 


St. James 


1,811 


1,766 


1,805 


1,766 


1,809 


1,759 


1,809 


1,759 


1,805 


1,766 


St John Baptist 


1,598 


782 


1,598 


778 


1,598 


782 


1,598 


781 


1,603 


777 


St. Landry . . . 


2,591 


2,656 


2,589 


2,658 


2,590 


2,658 


2,590 


2,656 


2,570 


2,683 


St. Martin 


1,395 


210 


1,232 


203 


1,395 


212 


1,394 


210 


1,391 


211 


St. Mary 


1,093 


3,494 


1,093 


3,495 


1,094 


3,495 


1,089 


3,501 


1,092 


3,494 


St. Tammany . . 


1,049 


906 


1,057 


904 


1,059 


891 


1,057 


908 


1.061 


905 


Tangipahoa . . . 


1,529 


1,439 


1,530 


1,462 


1,527 


1,462 


1,526 


1,428 


1,529 


1,462 


Tensas 


1,971 




1,971 




1,971 




1,971 




1,971 




Terrebonne . . . 


1,328 


2,188 


1,326 


2,188 


1,336 


2,189 


1,132 


2,371 


1,318 


2,189 


Union 


1,273 


1,443 


1,281 


1.421 


1,400 


1,341 


1,8415 


1,356 


1,323 


1,387 


Vermilion 


780 


1,879 


780 


1,897 


778 


1,897 


778 


1,897 


780 


1,897 


Vernon 


444 


602 


444 


597 


443 


606 


430 


612 


437 


614 


Washington . . . 


697 


722 


697 


725 


698 


726 


638 


722 


697 


725 


Webster 


1,580 


521 


1,581 


519 


1,580 


522 


1,578 


521 


1,581 


521 


W. Baton Rouge 


1,468 


953 


1,468 


953 


1,468 


953 


1,468 


953 


1,467 


953 


West Carroll . . 


366 


369 


366 


369 


365 


369 


365 


369 


366 


369 


W. Feliciana .. 


3,101 




3,102 




3,103 




3,101 




3,103 




Winn 


403 


965 


404 


963 


405 


962 


403 


962 


403 


962 


Total ....118,806 


38,144 118,671 J 


37,090 118,999 i 


38,098 118,202 J 


37,211 118,525 87,252 



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POLITICAL. 



OFFICIAL VOTE FOR RAILWAY COMMISSIONERS. 



OFFICIAL VOTE — RAILWAY COMMIS 
SIONER, FIRST DISTRICT, 
i Election November, 1898.^ 

Parishes. Charles L. 

DeFuentes 

Orleans 7,787 

Jefferson 1,733 

Plaquemines 5G9 

St. Bernard 475 

St. Charles 1,066 

St. James 874 

St. John 1,063 

Total 13,067 

ELECTION RETURNS 

For Representative from Sabine Parish. 

Election November, 1900. 

J. W. Conerly 25 

Don E. Sorrelle 7 

J. W. Taylor 1 

Bullard 4 

I. N. McAllister 1 

ELECTION RETURNS 
For Representative from DeSoto Parish. 

R. H. Speel 402 

C. H. Peyton 228 

J. M. Wilson 184 



OFFICIAL VOTE — RAILWAY COMMl 
SIONER, SECOND DISTRICT. 
(Election November, 1898.) 

Parishes. R. N. C 
Sims, Jr. Set 

Acadia 88 

Ascension 514 

Assumption 1,027 

Avoyelles 284 

Calcasieu 705 : 

Cameron 83 

East Baton Rouge 368 

East Feliciana 191 

Iberia 634 

Iberville 259 

Lafayette 198 

Lafourche 588 

Livingston 116 

Pointe Coupee 181 

St. Helena 94 

St. Landry 364 

St. Martin 243 

St Mary 215 

St. Tammany 101 

Tangipahoa 170 

Terrebonne 322 

Vermilion 172 

Washington 108 

West Baton Kouge 151 

West Feliciana 102 

Tola! ~7^278 



POLITICAL. 



569 



OFFICIAL VOTE FOR RAILWAY COMMISSIONERS. 



OFFICIAL VOTE — RAILWAY COMMIS- 
SIONER, THIRD DISTRTCl:. 
(Election November, 1898.) 



Parishes. 



Ueuville 195 214 161 

Bossier 368 79 13 

Caddo 679 60 10 

Caldwell 90 17 33 

Catahoula 231 19 192 

Claiborne 261 70 70 

Concordia 332 1 2 

LeSoto 260 195 14 

Fast Carroll 229 1 

Franklin 347 11 98 

Giant 70 28 125 

Jackson 104 13 117 

Lincoln 152 24 251 

Madison 206 5 

Morehouse 249 6 35 

Natchitoches 542 278 267 

Ouachita 396 111 50 

Rapides 691 27 50 

Red River 71 154 37 

Rk-hland 160 5 15 

Sabine 160 134 74 

Tensas 229 4 1 

Union 225 4 241 

Vernon . 182 30 139 

Webster 184 48 142 

West Carroll 88 7 

Winn 54 40 202 

Tota! 6,755 1.S7K 0^339 



1 

206 



OFFICIAL VOTE — RAILWAY COMMIS 

SIONER, THIRD DISTRICT. 

(Election November, 1900.) 



Parishes. 



Rapides 1,096 

Vernon 467 

Sabine 538 

Grant 236 

Natchitoches 836 

Winn ^66 

Red River 461 

DeSoto 927 

Caddo 1,288 

bossier 418 

Webster 493 

Bienville 825 

Concordia 339 

Caldwell 272 

Franklin 324 

Tensas 212 

Madison 152 

Ricbland 297 

Ouachita 650 

Jackson 332 

Lincoln 492 

Union 692 

Morehouse 364 

East Carroll 177 

West Carroll 72 

Claiborne . 882 

Catahoula 391 

Total 13,499 



570 



POLITICAL. 









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POLITICAL. 

FIFTY-THIRD CONGRESS. 



575 



Official vote of election held on 8th day of November, 1892, for Repre- 
sentatives in Congress from the State of Louisiana to Fifty-Third 
Congress of the United States. 



FIRST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. 

Parishes. Adolph Meyer. James Wilkinson. 

Orleans 9,385 3,434 

St. Bernard 560 161 

Plaquemines 933 1,192 

Total 10,878 4,787 

SECOND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. 

Parishes. R. C. Davey. Morris Marks. 

Orleans 9,251 3,260 

Jefferson 1,277 232 

St. Charles 347 701 

St. James 1,174 831 

gt. John the Baptist 539 1,078 

Total 12,588 6,102 

THIRD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. 

Parishes. Andrew Price. I. J. Willis. 

Iberville 1,646 595 

Assumption 1,306 696 

Lafourche 3,067 93 

Terrebonne 1,230 346 

St. Mary 1,339 249 

Iberia 588 28 

St. Martin 483 2 

Lafayette 664 1 

Vermilion 323 237 

Cameron 182 6 

Calcasieu 1,064 692 

Ascension 2,141 178 

Total 14,033 3,123 

FOURTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. 

Pabishes. N. C. Blanchard. T. J. Guice. 

Rapides 3,215 457 

Sabine 510 760 

De Soto 1,575 346 

Natchitoches 1,085 594 

Red River 953 288 

Caddo 2,232 251 

Bossier 2,943 72 

Winn 201 791 

Grant ' 338 500 

Bienville 1,631 443 

Vernon 325 369 

Webster 1,424 296 

Total 16,442 5,167 



Ross Carlin 
40 
12 

52 



Scattering. 



Scattering 



S atteri 



576 



POLITICAL. 



FIFTY-THIRD CONGRESS. 
Official vote of election held on 8th day of November, 1892, for Repre- 
sentatives in Congress from the State of Louisiana to Fifty-Third 
Congress of the United States.- — Continued. 



FIFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. 


PARISHES. 

Concordia 


C. J. Boat 
3,489 


ner. A. 


A. Gundy. 
109 

36 

289 

3 

85 
418 
306 
209 
224 
787 
424 
4 

19 
146 

60 

3,108 


R. P. Welch. 

224 

25 

11 

3 

isi 

466 

1,084 

647 

96 

22 

9 

1,121 

442 

4,301 


Scattering . 


Caldwell 

Franklin 


649 

516 




Tensas 


2,550 

.... 3,118 


•• 


Rich. and 


507 




Ouachita 

Jackson 


2,507 

. . . . 191 




Lincoln 


445 




Union 


. . . . 578 




Morehouse 

East Carroll 

\\ est Carroll 


710 

1,366 

. . . . 388 


1 


Claiborne 


. . . . 1,307 




Catahoula 


. . . . 1,050 


18 


Total 


19,571 


19 


SIXTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. 


Parishes. 

Acadia . . 

St. Bandry 

Pointe Coupee .... 

Avoyelles 

East Feliciana .... 


S. M 


. Roberts 

273 
1,135 
1,159 
1,606 
1,325 
1,563 
1,246 
1,571 

304 

322 

778 

414 
62 


on. J. 


Kleinpeter. 
96 
899 

"3 
102 

287 

30 

78 
245 
114 
127 

62 


Scatt 


ering . 








East Baton Rouge 
v» est Baton Rouge . 

St. Helena 

Livingston 






Tangipahoa 

\\ ashington 






St. Tammany 






Total 


12,258 


2,043 





OFFICIAL VOTE OF SPECIAL ELECTION 
Held on the 8th day of November, 1892, for Representatives in Congress 
from the State of Louisiana, to Fifty-third Congress, to fill vacancy 
of N. C. Blanchard. 



FOURTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. 



Parishes. 

Rapides 

Sabine 

Ue Soto 

Natchitoches . 
Red River . . . . 

Laddo .-- 

Bossier 

Winn 

Grant 

Bienville 

Vernon , 

Webster , 



Total 



H. 



W. Ogden. 


C. D. Hicks 


1,613 


155 


153 


475 


635 


200 


702 


360 


501 


135 


895 


248 


1,592 


70 


139 


517 


267 


440 


774 


350 


219 


127 


771 


256 



8,261 



3,333 



Scattering. 



Congressmen elected — First District, Adolph Meyer ; Second District, R. C. 
Davey ; Third District, Andrew Price ; Fourth District, N. C. Blanchard, elected Sen- 
ator and succeeded by H. W. Ogden ; «Fifth District, C. J. Boatner ; Sixth District, 
S. M. Robertson. 



POLITICAL. 



FIFTY-FOURTH CONGRESS. 



Official vote of th 
Representatives 


e Congressional elect '.on held 
to the Fifty-fourth Congress 


November, 6, 1894, for 
of the United States. 


FIRST DISTRICT 


Parishes. 
Orleans . . 


Adolph Meyer 
12,255 
791 


. H. P. 


Evernochan. 
3,827 
1,912 
937 


Jas. Leonard. 
370 

370 


Sc? 


ittering. 
5 


St. Bernard 


359 


•• 


Total 


13,405 


6,676 


5 








SECOND DISTRICT. 


Parishes. 

Orleans 

St. James 


Chas. F. Bud 
10,351 
239 
522 


:. H. D. 


Coleman. J 
3,556 
1,855 
1,019 

333 

448 


.M.Callaghan, 
135 

'31 

166 


SC5 


ittering. 
3 




3,042 




St. Charles 


710 










Total 


14,864 


7,211 


3 


THIRD DISTRICT. 


Parishes:"-"" 


Andrew Pric 
238 


■e. Tayl 


or Beattie. 

58 

126 

449 

85 

694 

513 

1,554 

1,160 

1,257 

576 

912 

1,236 


Jno. Lightner. 
41 

'*7 

400 

*42 
137 

'14 

741 


Scj 


ittering . 


I afavette 


1,117 




Iberia 


1,332 




St. Martin 


656 




Iberville 

Calcasieu 

St. Mary 

Assumption 


2,935 

2,079 

754 

683 






1,646 


1 


Vermilion 


354 




Lafourche 

Terrebonne 


1,769 
825 




Total 


14,383 


8,620 


1 


FOURTH DISTRICT. 


Parishes . 






1 


1. W. Ogden. B 

634 
2,705 
2,097 

996 

176 

747 
3,097 

726 

315 

266 

356 

142 

12,257 


. W 


. Bailey . 
659 










68 


Caddo 








66 


De Soto 








170 










557 










1,233 
483 


















241 










878 










443 










319 


Winn 








815 


Total 








5,932 




FIFTH DISTRICT. 








Parishes . 
Caldwell 


C. 


J. Boatn 

467 

938 

589 
2,109 
2,010 

637 

212 

443 

691 
1,968 
2,548 
1,037 

663 

443 


er. Al 


exis Benoit. E. 

318 

319 

396 

20 

6 

420 

526 

1,100 

381 

55 

642 

307 
59 


M. 


Graham. 








Catahoula 






Concordia 






East Carroll 






Franklin 






Jackson 

Lincoln 




i.3 


Morehouse 

Madison 

Ouachita 

Tensas 

Richland 






West Carroll 






Total 


14,755 


4,549 


13 



578 



POLITICAL. 



FIFTY-FOURTH CONGRESS. 

Official vote of the Congressional election held November, 6, 1894, for 
Representatives to the Fifty-fourth Congress of the United States. 
— Continued. 



SIXTH DISTRICT. 



Paeishes . S. M. Robertson. 

Acadia 143 

Avoyelles 913 

East Baton Rouge 1,405 

East Feliciana 414 

Livingston 228 

Potato Coupee 1,072 

St. Helena 221 

St. Landry 1,019 

St. Tammany 416 

Tangipahoa 593 

West Baton Rouge 718 

West Feliciana 636 

Washington 203 

Total 7,981 



M. R. Wilson. 
93 


Scattering 


i58 
201 
353 


•• 


216 

691 

8 

167 


'i 


25 

318 


•• 



2,230 



Congressmen elected— First District, Adolph Meyer ; Second District, Charles 
F. Buck : Third District, Andrew Price ; Fourth District, H. W. Ogden ; Fifth Dis- 
trict, C. J. Bcatner ; Sixth District, Samuel M. Robertson. 



POLITICAL. 



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582 POLITICAL. 

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION OF 1898. 



ELECTION RETURNS— FIRST AMEND- 
MENT TO CONSTITUTION OF 1898 
(being Act No. 4 of Extra Session of 
1899 — New Orleans Sewerage Tax). 



Parishes. For. Ag'nst 

Acadia 93 17 

ascension 135 2 

Assumption 321 2 

A\ oyelies 508 12 

r>ienvilie 132 35 

mossier 45S 4 $ 

Caddo 1.260 20 

Calcasieu 198 24 

Caldwell 33 8 

Cameron 30 4 

Catahoula 278 19 

Claiborne 114 12 

Concordia 215 82 

DeSoto 202 42 

East Baton Rouge 581 8 

East Carroll 137 6 

East Feliciana 266 25 

Franklin 38 6 

Grant 103 20 

Iberia 327 

Iberville 70 3 

Jackson 55 31 

Jefferson 1,526 4 

Lafourche 49 3 

Lafayette 47 2 

Livingston 106 2 

Lincoln 76 10 

Madison 108 1 

Morehouse 144 42 

Natchitoches 291 92 

Orleans 17,616 312 

Ouachita 306 27 

Plaquemines 518 

Pointe Coupee 540 4 

Rapides 404 176 

Red River 248 11 

Richland 169 12 

Sabine 76 36 

St. Bernard 636 

St. Charles 444 

St. Helena 61 11 

St. James 200 6 

St. John 1,066 

St. Landry 523 27 

St. Martin 9 

St. Mary 39 3 

St. Tammany 163 2 

Tangipahoa 189 28 

Tensas 237 

Terrebonne 66 

Union 82 7 

Vermilion 73 10 

Vernon 19 106 

Washington . . 39 3 

Webster 45 12 

West Raton Rouge 182 1 

West Carroll 51 14 

West Feliciana 181 25 

Winn 41 19 

Total 32,137 1,434 



ELECTION RETURNS— SECOND AMEND- 
MENT TO CONSTITUTION OF 1898— 
Election November 6th, 1900. 



Name of Parishes. For 

Acadia 346 

Ascension 246 

Assumption 336 

Avoyelles 407 

Bienville 502 

Bossier 366 

Caddo 758 

Calcasieu 731 

Caldwell 226 

Cameron 59 

Catahoula 429 

Claiborne 586 

Concordia 199 

DeSoto 562 

East Baton Rouge 658 

East Carroll 14 

East Feliciana 439 

Franklin 222 

Grant 251 

Iberia 129 

Iberville 186 

Jackson 216 

Jefferson 945 

Lafayette 102 

Lafourche 275 

Lincoln 225 

Livingston 269 

Madison 120 

Morehouse 316 

INatchitoches 475 

Orleans 11,611 

Ouachita 541 

Plaquemine 485 

Pointe Coupee 604 

Rapides 752 

Red River 380 

Richland 230 

Sabine 183 

St. Bernard 237 

St. Charles 123 

*St. Helena 

St. James 284 

St. John the Baptist 377 

St. Landry 682 

St. Martin 57 

St. Mary 238 

St. Tammany 317 

Tangipahoa 586 

Tensas 193 

Terrebonne 264 

Union 403 

Vermilion 159 

Vernon 458 

AVashington 228 

Webster 279 

West Baton Rouge 165 

West Carroll 167 

West Feliciana 300 

Winn 294 

Total 31,320 

* Missing. 



Ag'nst 
34 

9 

4 
14 
37 

8 
33 
74 
20 

2 
11 
33 

54 
12 

2 
21 

5 
57 
11 
11 
40 
13 

7 
19 
20 
11 

19 
86 
228 
22 
15 
7 
44 
17 
17 
3P 



3 
3 

70 
10 

9 
11 
84 

6 
20 
18 
17 
22 
22 
34 

4 

3 
11 
46 

1,440 



ELECTORAL VOTE OE LOUISIANA. 

Cast on November 2, 1880. 



Pakishes. Hancock. 

Ascension 411 

Assumption • • 796 

Avoyelles 1,31.0 

Bienville 783 

Bossier 2,144 

Caddo 2,478 

Calcasieu 784 

Caldwell . . 529 

Cameron • 165 

Catahoula 616 

Claiborne 1,353 

Concordia 1,445 

De Soto 795 

Fast Paton Rouge 1,153 

East Carroll 209 

East Feliciana 763 

Franklin 571 

Grant 326 

Iberia 600 

Iberville 524 

Jackson 382 

Jefferson 438 

Lafourche 1,428 

T af ayette 590 

Livingston 270 

Lincoln 1 J 15 

\radison 926 

Morehouse 981 

Natchitoches 1,629 

Orleans— 1st Ward 1,366 

2nd Ward 1,619 

3rd Ward 2,347 

4th Ward 902 

5th Ward 1,289 

6th Ward 959 

7th Ward 1,050 

8th Ward 914 

9th Ward 1,267 

10th Ward 1,784 

11th Ward 1,647 

12th Ward 606 

13th Ward 384 

14th Ward 168 

15th Ward 644 

16th Ward 1 31 

17th Ward 257 

Ouachita 2,225 

Plaquemines 735 

I'ointe Coupee 891 

Rasides 1,748 

Tier 1 River 590 

Richland 1,132 

Sabine 433 

St. Bernard 390 

St. Charles 1 08 

St. Helena 36« 

St. James 599 

St. John 383 

St. Landry 2,009 

St. Martin 632 

St. Mary 571 

St. Tammany 431 

Tangipahoa 71 4 

Tensas 2,075 

Terrebonne 1,005 

Union 1,162 

Vermilion 374 

Vernon 372 

Washington . . 346 

Webster 861 

West Baton Rouge 330 

West Carroll 247 

West Feliciana 1,168 

Winn 320 

Total 65,067 



■■field. 


Wheel r 


1,643 


35 


1,458 




1,289 




185 




8 


. . . 


99 




140 


io 


57 




158 




160 




809 


112 


1,058 


103 


1,303 




116 




86 




1,114 




2,212 




981 




1,698 




437 


. . . 


72 


4 


456 




53 




524 


6 


317 




434 


6 


1.019 


3 


367 


2 


535 




271 




648 




153 




355 




350 




458 




247 




286 




159 


... 


782 




360 




181 




18 




879 




759 




580 




85 




32 




341 




1.030 




244 


17 


2,147 




1,058 




2,212 




948 




2,181 




357 


15 


339 


26 


596 




1,699 




52 




116 


81 


'44 




188 




361 




42 




127 


15 


38,628 


442 



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586 



I'OLITJCAT.. 



ELECTORAL COLLEGE VOTE. 

Counting at Washington, D. C, February 13, 1001. 



For President. 



For Vice-President. 



o a 



O d 

or. 



States. 



OS 



So 



.Q 
rrt -^ 






5-^ 



11 Alabama 

8 Arkansas 

9 Ca'ifornia 

4 Colorado 

6 Connecticut . . . 

3 Delaware 

4 Florida 

13 Georgia 

3 Idaho 

24 Ililnois 

15 Indiana 

13 Iowa 

10 Kansas 

13 Kentucky 

8 Louisiana 

6 Maine 

8 Maryland 

15 Massachusetts . 

14 Michigan 

9 Minnesota .... 
9 Mississippi . . . . 

1 7 Missouri 

3 Montana 

8 Nebraska 

3 Nevada , 

4 New Hampshire 

1 New Jersey . . . 
36 New York .... 

11 North Carolina 

3 North Dakota . . 
23 Ohio 

4 Oregon 

32 Pennsylvania . 

4 Rhode Island . 

9 South Carolina 

' 4 South Dakota . 

12 Tennessee 

1 5 Texas 

3 Utah 

4 Vermont 

12 Virginia 

4 Washington . . . 

6 West Virginia. . 

12 Wisconsin 

3 Wyoming 

147 



24 
15 
13 
10 



4 
10 
36 

3 
23 

4 
32 

4 



3 

4 

4 
6 

12 
3 



13 



11 



12 

15 



292 155 



24 
15 
13 
10 



4 
10 
36 

3 
23 

4 
32 

4 



12 
3 



292 



11 



12 



155 



POLITICAL. 587 

VOTE OF THE STATE SINCE 1872. 



Dem. 

1872— President 66,467 

1872 — President *57,029 

1876— President 83,723 

1876— President *70,508 

1880— President 65,067 

1884— President 62,529 

1888— President 85,032 

Dem. Rep. 

1892— Governor al26,009 b40,135 

Fusion — 

1892— President 87,922 26,563 

1896— Governor 116,216 90,138 

Dem. Rep. 

1896— President 77,175 22,037 

1,900— Governor 60,206 2,449 

1900— President 53,671 14,233 



Rep. 


Maj. 


59,975 


6,492 D. 


71,634 


14,605 R. 


77,174 


6,549 D. 


75,315 


4,807 R. 


38,628 


26,439 D. 


46,347 


16,182 D. 


30,484 


54,548 D. 


P. A. 


Plu. 


8,502 


85,874 D. 




61,359 D. 




26,078 D. 


Nat. Dem. 




1,834 


55,138 D. 


Fusion. 




9,277 


48,580 D. 




39,438 D. 



*Count of the Republican Returning Board. 
aCombined Democratic Vote. 
^Combined Republican Vote. 



PART IV 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



593 



HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL TABLE OF UNITED STATES 

AND TERRITORIES, 

Showing area of each in square miles and acres, the date of acts organizing 
Territories, and date of acts admitting new States into the Union. 



Civil Divisions. 



^'Thirteen Origi- 
nal States. 
New Hampshire. 
Massachusets . . 
Rhode Island. .. 
Connecticut . . . 

New York 

New Jersey. . . . 
Pennsylvania . . 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 
Georgia 



Act Organizing 
Territory. 



Act Admitting 
State . 



States Admitted. 

Kentucky 

Vermont 

Tennessee 

Maine , 

Texas 

West Virginia . . . 

*Ohio 

Louisiana , 

Indiana 

Mississippi 

Illinois 

Alabama 

Missouri 

Arkansas 

Michigan 

Florida 

Iowa 

Wisconsin 

California 

Minnesota 

Oregon 

Kansas 

Nevada 



March 3, 1805. , 
May 7, 1800... 
April 7, 1798.. 
Eeb. 3, 1809... 
March 3, 1817. 
June 4, 1812. . 
March 2, 1819. 
Jan. 11, 1805.. 
March 30, 1822. 
June 12, 1838. 
April 20, 1836. 



March 3, 1849. 
Aug. 14, 1848. . 
May 30, 1854. . 
March 2, 1861. 



Feb. 4, 1791.... 
Feb. 18, 1791... 
June 1, 1796.... 
March 3, 1820. . 
iDec. 29, 1845.. 
Dec. 31, 1862... 
April 30, 1802.. 
April 8, 1812... 
iDec. 11, 1816. . 
Dec. 10, 1817... 
Dec. 3, 1818.... 
Dec. 14, 1819... 
March 2, 1821.. 
June 15, 1836. .. 
Jan. 26, 1837... 
March 3, 1845.. 
March 3, 1845.. 
Mav 29, 1848. .. 
Sept. 9, 1850. .. 
May 11, 1858... 
Feb. 14, 1859... 
Tan. 29, 1861. .. 
3 March 21,1864. 



Area of States and Territories, 
.Land, suriace. 



Square ALiles. 



9,056 

8,038 

1,081 

4,794 

47,687 

7,454 

44,679 

1,969 

9,875 

39,925 

48,972 

30,460 

58,850 



39,898 

9,114 

41,686 

29,894 

262,506 
24,343 
40,723 
45,399 
35,860 
46,383 
56,004 
51,028 
68,431 
52,412 
57,530 
54,801 
55,697 
55,117 

156,203 
79,997 
95,746 | 
81,848 | 

109,901 



5,795,840 

5,144,320 

691,840 

3,068,160 

30,519,680 

4,770,560 

28,594,560 

1,260,160 

6,320,000 

25,552,000 

31,342,080 

19,494,400 

37,664,000 



25,534,720 
5,832,960 
26,679,040 
19,132,160 
168,003,840 
15,579,520 
27,062,720 
29,055,360 
22,950,400 
29,685,120 
35,842,560 
32,657,920 
43,795,840 
33,543,680 
36,819,200 
35,072,640 
35,646,080 
35,274,880 
99,969,920 
51,198,080 
61,277,440 
52,382,720 
70,336,640 



594 



POLITICAL. 



Civil Divisions, 



Act Organizing 
Territory. 



Act Admitting 
State. 



Area of States and Territories 
Land Measure. 



Sq. Miles | 



Acres. 



Nebraska 

Colorado 

Wyoming 

Washington 

Montana 

North Dakota. . . 
South Dakota. . 

Idaho 

Utah 



Territories. 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Dist. of Alaska. .. 

Indian 

Dist. of Columbia 
Oklahoma 



Totals. 



May 30, 
Feb. 28, 
July 25, 
March 2. 
May 26, 
March 2. 
March 2, 
March 3, 
Sept. 9, 



1854. 

1861. 

1868. 
1853, 

1854. 
1861, 
1861, 
1863, 

1850. 



Sept. 9, 1850, 
Feb. 24, 1863, 
July 27, 1868, 



July 16, 1790, 
May 2, 1890. 



4 Feo. 9, 1867. . 
&March 3, 1875. 
July 10, 1890. . 
6Feb. 22, 1889.. 
6Feb. 22, 1889.. 
6 Feb. 22, 1889.. 
6Feb. 22, 1889.. 
July 3, 1890... 
7 July 16, 1894. 



March 3, 1791... 



76,777 
103,669 
97,552 
66,792 
146,240 
70,172 
76,885 
83>271 
82,096 



122,545 
113.738 
575,162 

30,717 
59 

38,710 



3,547,746 



49,137,280 
66,348,160 
62,433,280 
42,746,880 
93,593,600 
44,910,080 
49,206,400 
53,293,440 
52,541,440 



78,428,800 
72,792,320 
368,103,680 
19,658,880 
37,760 
24,774,400 



2,270,557,440 



*No territorial condition in Ohio Territory. Act to admit April 30, 1802. 
Admitted November 29, 1802. 

•f-No organic act. No territorial organization under laws of United States. 
Admitted September 9, 1850. 

iJoint resolution by Congress. 2 Date of proclamation admitting State. 
3 See President's proclamation, October 13, 1864 (Stat. L., 749). 4 See Presi- 
dent's proclamation, March 1, 1867 (14 Stat. L., 820). 5 See President's procla- 
mation, August 1, 1876 (19 Stat, L., 665). 6 See President's proclamation (26 
Stat. L., 1548 to 1552, inclusive). 7 See President's proclamation, January 4, 
1896 (29 Stat. L., 876). «See President's proclamation (26 Stat. L., 1544). 

jBy the terms of the Constitution of the United States any of the original 
thirteen States Were to become States in the Union upon the ratification of 
that instrument. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 595 



HISTORICAL. 



Discovery of Louisiana.. 

1536. — The first mention of Louisiana and of the Mississippi River 
being traversed by white men, is in 1536, when a remnant of the ill-starred 
expedition of the Spaniards, under Pamphilo de Narvaez, in the vain 
attempt to conquer Florida and seek 'for gold, escaped in this direction to 
the Pacific. Narvaez had been put in comand of the territory extending 
west to the River of Palms — probably Colorado — farther west than that 
afterwards included in Louisiana. 

1537. — Notwithstanding the failure of Narvaez, other bold adven- 
turers were ready to follow; and in 1537 Ferdinand de Soto, a native of 
Xeres, Spain, the favorite companion of Pizarro in the conquest of Peru, 
sought and obtained at Vallodolid, from Charles V., permission to con- 
quer Florida at his own cost. Landing on that coast in May, 1539, his 
well-appointed army was almost annihilated before he reached the Missis- 
sippi two years later. 

1542. — DeSoto died at the mouth of the Red River, and, according to 
tradition, was buried in the waters of the Mississippi. The miserable 
remnant of his expedition descended the Mississippi to the Gulf in July, 
1543, after enduring great hardships and privations. Thus does the dis- 
covery of the Father of Waters belong to the Spaniards, and no other 
record is in existence of white men visiting it until one hundred and thirty 
years afterwards. 

1673. — At this date, Father Marquette, a missionary monk, and Sieur 
JolietTrrom Picardy, with a small party from the French possessions of 
Canada, entered the upper Mississippi region and descended it to below 
the mouth of the Arkansas and returned. 

French Take Possession. 

1682.— April 9th, Robert, Cavalier de la Salle, then of Fort Frontenac, 
Lake Ontario, was the next to descend the great river, in company with 
Chevalier Henry de Tonty, an Italian veteran officer, under the patronage 
of Louis XIV. 

On the 12th of April, this year, LaSalle erected a cross and 
planted the arms of the French on the banks of the Mississippi near the 
head of the Passes, and thus took 'formal possession of the country in .the 
name of his sovereign, Louis XIV., and after him called it Louisiana. 

1687. — March 20th, LaSalle was assassinated by his own servants, on 
the Trinity River in Texas, in his attempt to find the mouth of the Missis- 
sippi and to colonize the country for France. 



596 miscellaneous. 

Settlement by the French. 

1699. — January — France did not attempt to colonize her territory 
until January of this year, when a company sent out under command of 
Iberville, which, among its two or three hundred, embraced the three 
Canadian brothers, Iberville, Sauvolle and Bienville, sons of Charles 
Lemoyne, landed from two brigs at the Indian village of Biloxi, Miss. 
Here, for many years, was the headquarters of the Louisiana colony. In 
February, Iberville and his brother Bienville, with Father Athanase, who 
had accompanied LaSalle, went in small boats to the Mississippi, which 
they ascended to the village of Bayougoulas, where the Indians handed 
them letters and other relics from LaSalle and Tonty, thence to Pointe 
Coupee, which 'they named, and to the mouth of the Red River. Return- 
ing they traversed Lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain, naming the one 
after Count de Maurepas, who held office under their sovereign (and after- 
wards under Louis XV., and was lastly minister under Louis XVI. ), and 
the other after the Count de Pontchartrain, who was Minister of Marine, 
under whom they served. December 7th of this year, another French 
fleet arrived, bringing the appointments <o£ the brother Antoine Lemoyne 
Sauvolle as the first Governor of the colony, and the brother Lemoyne 
Bienville as the first Lieutenant-Governor. 

1701. — July 22d, Governor Sauvolle and 150 of the colonists died of 
fever, leaving Bienville, a most worthy man, to succeed to the governor- 
ship. 

Grant to Crozat. 

1712.— September 14th, Louis XIV. granted to Anthony Crozat, a 
millionaire in -the East India trade, the exclusive commerce for fifteen 
years of this vast province, so unsuccessful had the management of the 
colony hitherto been. Lamotte Cadilae was appointed Governor. By the 
charter of Crozat, dated September 12, 1712, Louisiana, as claimed by 
France, embraced all the immense regions of 'the United States, from the 
Alleghany on the east, to the Rocky Mountains on the west, and from the 
great lakes of the north to the Gulf of Mexico on the south. 

John Law's Mississippi Company. 

1717. — Crozat surrendered his charter and John Law was granted a 
charter under the name of the " Companie de L'Ouest," with a monopoly 
of trading in the colony. 

New Orleans Founded. 

' 1718. — Bienville selected the site and founded the City of New 
Orleans. 
'; * Louisiana Ceded to Spain. 

1762. — November 3d, by secret treaty, Louisiana was ceded to Spain. 
Spaniards Take Possession. 

1769. — August 18th, the Spaniards took possession. A rebellion hav- 
ing previously broken out was quelled by General O'Reilly, who was 
appointed Governor and Captain-General. 



miscellaneous. 597 

Louisiana Eetroceded to France. 

1800. — October 1st, Louisiana ceded by Spain to France by the treaty 
of St. Ildephonso. 

France Cedes Louisiana to the United States. 

1803. — April 30th, Louisiana was ceded by France to the United 
States for $15,000,000. 

United States Take Possession. 

1803. — December 20th, the Americans took possession and the new 
acquisition was designated as the Territory of Orleans, W. C. C. Clai- 
borne being appointed Governor. 

1804.— Under act of Congress of March 26, 1804, the Territory of 
Orleans was organized and in December the first Territorial Legislature 
met. 

1805. — The Territory was reorganized by act of Congress of March 
2, 1805. 

Louisiana Admitted to the Union. 

1812.— On April 8th of -this year, the Constitution of 1812 having 
been ratified, the Territory was admitted to the Union, and the name oi 
Louisiana restored to it. War was declared between the LTnited States 
and Great Britain. 

1815. — January 8th, the battle of New Orleans was fought, and 
British defeated. 

1845. — A new Constitution was framed, conforming to those of the 
neighboring States. 

1852. — A new Constitution was adopted. 

1860. — In November of this year Abraham Lincoln was elected Presi- 
dent of the United States, and then beg;an the great sectional war between 
the Northern and Southern States of the Union. 

Secession of Louisiana. 

1861. — January 26th, the Ordinance of Secession was adopted and the 
State joined the other States of the South in forming a government under 
the name of the Confederate States of America. 

1862. — On April 29<th of this year Commodore Farragut, in command 
of the Federal fleet, having successfully passed Forts Jackson and St. 
Philip, took possession of the City of New Orleans. On May 1st, General 
B. F. Butler, in charge of the land forces, took command and appointed 
Brigadier-General Shepley Military Governor of the State. 

1864. — January 11th, General N. P. Banks, having relieved General 
Butler, issued his proclamation ordering an election for a State Conven- 
tion to frame a Constitution. This convention made the Constitution of 
1864. State officers were elected and installed, but their authority never 
was recognized beyond the Federal line. The war ended with these offi- 
cers in power, but Congress refused to admit Louisiana to the Union. 



598 MISCELLANEOUS. 



Reconstruction Period. 



1868. — A Constitutional Convention assembled] in New Orleans, by 
virtue of the Reconstruction Acts of Congress, and adopted a new Con- 
stitution. Under this Constitution Henry C. Warmoth was proclaimed 
elected Governor of the State and served for the term of four years. 

Louisiana Readmitted to the Union. 

1868. — Congress having approved of the Constitution of 1868, Sena- 
tors and Representatives were admitted to seats in Congress. 

Louisiana, like other Southern States, was cursed by "carpet-bag rule." 
Henry C. Warmoth and Willam P. Kellogg governed the State from 1868 
to 1872 and 1872 to 1876, respectively. During the few years succeeding 
Ihe civil war and 1877, the taxes were increased outrageously. The car- 
pet-baggers, scalawags and negroes plunged the State headlong into debt ; 
stole hundreds of thousands of dollars; openly bribed voters; debauched 
the negroes, of whom, some of the most bestted and ignorant, unable to 
read or write, were sent to the General Assembly to make laws for their 
former masters. 

1874. — September 14th — On this day was struck the first decisive 
blow to redeem the State from negro Republican rule, which had disor- 
ganized its internal affairs, plundered the Treasury and threatened social 
disruption. The citizens of New Orleans, asserting their rights to hold 
public meetings and bear arms, assembled, as the White League Organiza- 
tion, on the levee at the head of Canal street, under command of General 
Fred. N. Ogden. The Republican government, with the aid of the armed 
Metropolitan Police, under command of General A. S. Badger, endeav- 
ored to disperse them, but after a sharp and sanguinary conflict, resulting 
in the wounding of nearly two score and the death of a dozen men, were 
themselves routed and retreated to the Customhouse for safety. The result 
was the overthrow of the Kellogg Republican government, and the estab- 
lishment of a State Democratic government, with John McEnery as Gov- 
ernor. The United States Government intervened, marched its troops f.o 
the State House a few days afterwards, caused McEnery to surrender, and 
reinstalled the Kellogg government. 

This abominal riff-raff remained in power, and this saturnalin of 
crime and corruption continued until 1877 — when they were swept from 
power and General Erancs Tillou Ncholls, one of Louisiana's most chival- 
ious sons, was installed as Governor, and the work of redemption began, 
which, under successive Democratic rule, has brought the State to its pres- 
ent high stage of prosperity. 

1879. — A new Constitution adopted and new State officers elected, 
with Louis Alfred Wiltz as Governor. 

1898. — The present Constitution was adopted in 1898. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 599 



THE PJROVIXCE OF LOUISIANA- THE PURCHASE. 



THE COST AXD AEEA OF THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE. 

The United States paid for this cession — 

Principal sum $15,000,000 00 

Interest to redemption 8,529,353 00 



Total • j $23,5291,353 00 

Claims of the citizens of the United States from France 
under this treaty assumed by the United States in 
part payment for the territory 3,738,268 00 



Total $27,267,621 00 

AREA. 

Square Miles. 
State of Alabama, west of Perdido and on the Gulf, below lati- 
tude 31° north, estimated to contain 2,300 

State of Mississippi, west of Alabama, adjoining Louisiana on 

the Gulf, and south 31° north latitude, estimated at 3,600 

State of Louisiana 48,720 

State of Arkansas 53,850 

State of Missouri 69,415 

State of Kansas, all but southwest corner (estimated) 73,542 

State of Iowa 56,025 

State of Minnesota, west of Mississippi river (estimated) 57,531 

State of Nebraska 77,510 

State of Colorado, east of Rocky Mountains, and north of 

Arkansas river (estimated) ' 57,000 

State of Oregon 96,030 

State of South Dakota 77,650 

State of North Dakota 70,795 

State of Montana 146,080 

State of Washington 69,180 

State of Idaho 84,800 

State of Wyoming 97,890 

Indian Territory 31,400 



Total area acquired *1,239,31S 

(The areas above for the divisions entire are taken from the latest 



*This article reproduced by permission of Secretaiy of State of Missouri. 






MISCELLANEOUS. 



601 



published figures (1900), and the areas for fractional divisions are taken 
from "The Public Domain," published in 1883 by the Government. 
Jdaho, Oregon and Washington are included in above table, because the 
United States obtained possession of them indirectly through the treaty). 

POPULATION. 

The population of the Louisiana territory (including the States of 
Idaho, Oregon and Washington) in 1810 (seven years after the purchase), 
was less than 100,000 ; the same area to-day contains 13,833,988 — popula- 
tion for fractional divisions being estimated. 

THE PURCHASE OF LOUISIANA. 

The beginning of Jefferson's first term found the country threatened 
by the dangers and complications of an international struggle across the 
water. Napoleon was engaged with plans hostile to England. France 
had obtained from Spain a secret cession to what was known as the 
Louisiana territory. The British Government was covetous of American 
territory and was interested in limiting the expansion of the United 
States to the westward. The United States Government had become 
seriously concerned over the question of the commercial outlet to the 
Gulf. Spanish officials at New Orleans were imposing restrictions which 
materially hampered the commerce of the Valley and which were the 
occasion of bad feeling. 

Marbois was Napoleon's Minister of the Public Treasury. Napoleon 
needed money for his war budget. But of stronger influence with him 
was a policy which might cripple England. Under such conditions, 
President Jefferson opened, through Mr. Livingston, the American 
Minister to France, negotiations for the purchase of so much territory as 
would control the mouth of the Mississippi. The inspiration for this 
diplomacy was the increasing clamor of the people in the great Valley 
against the interference with American commerce on the river. To aid 
Mr. Livingston, Mr. Monroe, afterwards President, was sent as a special 
Ambassador. 

Napoleon met the negotiations with a counter proposition. Accord- 
ing to Marbois, who became the historian of the transaction, Napoleon 
said, in a conversation on the 10th of April, 1803, speaking of the pro- 
posed cession, with special reference to the desire of the British: "They 
shall not have the Mississippi, which they covet.'' 

Twenty days later the treaty had been consumated, and the great 
territory of Louisiana had been ceded to the United States for $12,- 
000,000, and the assumption of certain claims amounting to about 
$3,000,000 more. 

It was in commenting upon the accomplishment of the purchase that 
Napoleon remarked: "This accession of territory strengthens forever 
the power of the United States." 



*Or 787,403,520 acres. 
19 



602 MISCELLANEOUS. 

The secret treaty of St. Ildefonso, by which the territory passed to 
France from Spain, was made in 1800. It was known to the Government 
of the United States, but the actual transfer from Spanish to French 
authority had not taken place. The trouble from which American com- 
merce suffered was with the Spanish officials at New Orleans. President 
Jefferson, however, knew that the solution of the difficulty must come 
through negotiations with France. 

It is an interesting fact that in 1802 there sailed out of the Missis- 
sippi 158 American vessels, of 21,383 tonnage. This was the American 
commerce endangered. It was the arbitrary order issued on the 16th of 
October, 1802, by the Intendant Morales, "suspending the right of 
deposit" at the port of New Orleans, which created the outburst of indig- 
nation along the Mississippi, which prompted President Jefferson to 
enter upon the negotiations for the purchase of the territory. 

According to Marbois, Napoleon realized in some degree the magnifi- 
cent territory which he was transferring to the United States. He 
realized, however, that it was impossible for him to hold territory 
without sending a fleet and a strong force. He understood, also, that this 
transfer of Louisiana Territory to the United States would be the 
strongest blow he could deal to England. 

Napoleon met the offer of the United States to purchase the mouth 
of the river with this answer to his Minister, Marbois : 

"Irresolution and deliberation are no longer in season. I renounce 
Louisiana. It is not New Orleans only I will cede; it is the whole 
colony, without any reservation. I know the price of what I abandon. 
I renounce it with the greatest regret. To attempt to retain it would be 
folly." 

The treaty of the purchase was signed on April 30, 1803. The 
transfer at New Orleans took place a few months later. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



SUPREME COURT OF LOUISIANA. 




Hon. Thos. McC. Hyman, 
Clerk Supreme Court. 



Jurisdiction. — The Supreme Court,, ex- 
cept in cases hereinafter provided, has ap- 
pellate jurisdiction only extending to all 
cases where the amount in dispute, or fund 
to be distributed, whatever may be the 
amount therein claimed, exceeds two thous- 
and dollars, exclusive of interest, and suits 
of divorce and separation from bed and 
board, and all matters arising therm. Suits 
involving alimony or for interdiction, or 
matters of adoption, emancipation, legiti- 
macy and custody of children. Suits in- 
volvng the rights to homesteads, and all 
cases where the constitutionally or legality 
of any tax, toll, or impost whatever, or for 
any fine, forfeiture, or penalty imposed by a municipal corporation, 
shall be in contestation, whatever may be the amount thereof, and to all 
cases where in an ordinance of a municipal corporation or a law of this 
State has been declared unconstitutional, and in such cases the appeal of 
the law and facts shall be directly from the court where the case origin- 
ated to the Supreme Court; and to criminal cases on questions of law 
alone, whenever the punishment of death or at hard labor may be 
inflicted or a fine exceeding three hundred dollars or imprisonment 
exceeding six months is actually imposed. It shall have such original 
jurisdiction as may be necessary to enable it to determine questions of 
fact affecting its own jurisdiction in any case pending before it; it has 
exclusive jurisdiction in all matters touching professional misconduct of 
members of the bar, with power to disbar. The Supreme Court and 
each of the judges thereof has power to issue writs of habeas corpus in all 
cases where it may have appellate jurisdiction. It has control and 
general supervision over all inferior courts, and power to issue writs of 
certiorari, mandamus, quo warranto, and other remedial writs. 

Chief Justice, Francis T. Nicholls, of New Orleans; Associate 
Justices, Frank A. Monroe, of New Orleans; O. O. Provosty, of Pointe 
Coupee; Newton C. Blanchard, of Caddo; and Joseph A. Breaux, of 
Iberia. Keporter, T. H. Thorpe, of New Orleans. Clerk, Thomas McC. 
Hyman, of New Orleans. Attorney General, Walter Guion, of Ascen- 
sion. 

Regular Terms — New Orleans, from J.s$ Monday in November to 
end of June, 



604 MISCELLANEOUS. 

APPEALS RETURNABLE TO THE SUPREME COURT. 

At New Orleans, 1st and 3rd Monday of each month of the session, 
1st Monday in November till the end of the month of June, from 
Orleans, Jefferson, St. Bernard, Plaquemines; and on 3rd Monday in 
January, from St. Charles, St. John the Baptist. 

Appeals from Caddo, Bossier, Webster, Bienville, Claiborne, Union, 
Lincoln, Jackson, Caldwell, Ouachita, Morehouse, Richland, Franklin, 
West Carroll, East Carroll, Madison, Tensas, Concordia and Catahoula, 
are returnable on the 2nd Mondays in May and December of each year. 

Appeals from DeSoto, Bed River, Winn, Grant, Natchitoches, 
Sabine, Vernon, Calcasieu, Cameron, Rapides, Avoyelles, Pointe Coupee, 
West Baton Rouge, Iberville, St. Landry, Lafayette, Acadia and Ver- 
milion, are returnable on the 2nd Mondays in January, April and 
November of each year. 

Appeals from St. Martin, Iberia, Terrebonne, Lafourche, Assump- 
tion, St. James, Ascension, East Baton Rouge, East Feliciana, West 
Feliciana, St. Helena, Livingston, Tangipahoa, St. Tammany and 
Washington, are returnable on the 4th Mondays in March and November 
of each year. 

Appeals from St. Mary are returnable on the 4th Mondays of 
J anuary, March, June and November of each year. 

Appeals Tried by Preference Summarily — Cases for divorce and 
separation, recovery of wages, salary, or compensation for personal or 
professional services, for payment of any bill, note, or other written 
unconditional obligation to pay money, all criminal cases, civil cases in 
which the State is a party, constitutionality or legality of any tax, or 
where its collection is delayed. Where right to public office is involved, 
involving distribution of money or property in hands of executors and 
other representatives of successions, or in hands of sheriff, public officers, 
receivers and garnishees, involving validity of wills, or where heirs 
claim to be put in possession of property, for expulsion of tenants, for 
payment of alimony, and from judgments upon awards of arbitrators, 
amicable compounders, or referees, and from judgments against sureties 
upon judicial bonds and injunction cases. 

Cases Triable During Vacation— Writs of certiorari, prohibition, 
mandamus, quo warranto, and questions certified from courts of appeal. 

DISTRICT COURTS. 

The District Courts, outside of the Parish of Orleans, have original 
jurisdiction in all civil matters where the amount in dispute shall 
exceed fifty dollars, exclusive of interest, and in all cases where the title 
to real estate is involved, ot to office, or other public position or civil or 
political rights, and all other cases where no other specific amount is in 
contest, except as otherwise provided. They have unlimited and exclu- 
sive jurisdiction in all criminal cases, except as otherwise vested, and in 
all probate and succession matters, and where a succession is a party 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



605 



defendant, and in all cases where the State, parish, or municipality or 
other political corporation is a party defendant, regardless of the amount 
in dispute; to all proceedings for the appointment of receivers and 
liquidators of corporations or partnerships. They have jurisdiction of 
appeals from justices of the peace in all civil matters, regardless of the 
amount in dispute, and from all orders requiring a peace bond. Persons 
sentenced by Mayors or Eecorders shall be entitled to an appeal to the 
District Court. District judges have power to issue writs of habeas 
corpus to all persons in actual custody, in their respective districts. 
Cases in which punishment may not be at hard labor shall be tried by 
judge without jury. Cases where punishment may be at hard labor, 
may be tried by jury of five. Cases in which punishment is necessarily 
at hard labor, by jury of twelve, nine of whom must concur. Cases of 
which punishment may be capital, by a jury of twelve, all of whom must 
concur. 

Terms for Holding District Courts in 1901-1902, Fixed by Rule of 

Court. 
Under the Constitution of 1898, these courts are required to hold 
continuous sessions during ten months of the year. 



; Parish. 

Acadia 

Ascension . . 

Assumption . 

Avoyelles. . . . 

Baton Rouge 
East 

Bienville 

Baton Rouge 
West 

Bossier 

Caddo 

Calcasieu .... 

Caldwell 

TJameron 

Carroll, East . 

Carroll, West 



Parish Seat. 



Crowley 

Donaldsonville . 

Napoleonville . 

Marksvllle 

Baton Rouge. . 

Arcadia 

Port Atllen 

Benton 

Shreveport . . . , 

Lake Charles. . . 

Columbia 

Cameron 

lake Providence 

Floyd 



Dist. 



18th 
27th 



20th 
14th 
22nd 

3rd 

21st 

2nd 

1st. 

15th 

5th 

15th 
J)th 

7th 



Jury Term. 



Not fixed. 

Second Monday In 
February and 
August. 

Third Monday in 
January and 
July. 

First Monday in 
September and 
March. 

First Monday In 
January. April, 
July and Octo- 
ber. 

First Monday in 
September and 
March. 

First Monday In 
March and Sep- 
tember. 

Fourth Monday in 
January and 
June. 



First Tuesday In 
February and 
September 

Fourth Monday in 
January and 
July. 

Tljird Tuesday in 
June. 

First Monday in 
January and 
July. 

First Monday In 

, March and Sep- 
tember. 



Court Term. 



Not fixed. 

Second Monday In June and 
April, and third Monday 
in December. 

Fourth Monday In Novem- 
ber, March and May. 

Ten months in the year, 

from September 1st to 

June 30th. 
Continuous term from first 

Monday In October to 

July 31st. 

First Monday In October, 
November, January and 
May. 

First Monday in January, 
fourth Monday in May, 
first Monday in Nov. 

Fourth Monday In April 
and September, second 

Monday in March and Nov. 

Continuous session from 
first Monday in Septem- 
ber until June 30th each 
year. 

Continuous session In the 
three parishes for ten 
months in the year. 

Second Monday in April 
and November. 

First Tuesday In December. 

First Monday each month 
except August and Sept. 

First Monday In January, 
May, November. 



606 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



Parish. 



Catahoula 
Claiborne. 
Concordia . 



Parish Seat. 



De Sato, 



Feliciana East. . Clinton 



Harrisonburg 

Homer 

Vldalia 



Mansfield 



Dist. 



Feliciana, West. st. Francisville 
Fnnklin Winnsbo rough . . 

• Colfax 

He Plaquemine 



Ibe ia... 
Jac ^ison . 
Jel erson. 



New Iberia. 
Vernon . . . 
Gretna .... 



Lalayette Lafayette 



Lai mrche . 



Lincoln. 



Lrv i gston . 
Ma Uson . . . 



8th 

3rd 

10th 

12th 

24th 



24th 
8th 



13th 
21st 



19th 
5th 

28th 



Jury Term. 



First Monday in 
Oct. and April. 

First Monday in 
April and Octo- 
ber. 

Third Monday in 
Oct. and April. 

Fourth Monday in 
January, first 
Monday in Aug- 
ust. 

First Monday in 
March and Sep- 
tember. 



Court Term. 



First Monday in every other 
month from October S 



Thlbodeaux . . 



Ruston 



Mo 'ehouse . 



Nai chitoches , 



Orlfans. . . . 
Oui chita. . . 

Plaquemine 



Springvllle 
Tallulah . 

Bastrop . . 



Natchitoches 



New Orleans. 
Monroe .... 



Point-a-la-hache 



18th 



20th 



4th 



25tb 
9th 



6th 



11th 



6th 



22nd 



First Monday In 
March and Sep- 
tember. 

First Monday In 
April and Octo- 
ber. 

Fourth Monday in 
March and Sep 
tembet 



First Monday In 
April, 2nd Mon- 
day in Decem- 
ber. 



ii^ a M 2 nday ln October, 
y?J* mb * r i December, Jan- 

o Q pr r' . Ma y- Ju ne, July. 
Second Monday in April 

a o%r firSt M ° nday * °" ! 

First Monday in January 
May and November. 

First Monday in January 
May and November 

First Monday in February 
June and November. 

Fourth Monday in January 
second Monday in May' 
fourth Monda/ in Nov 



Se fnS d ^i? da J ln J*nuary' f 
fourth Monday in June. 

Flr , St Monday In February 
Crartbliond^ in Ma'ch 
finst Monday in Met 
J° f S th M Monday in June) 
fifth Monday In Septem- 
ber second Monday in 
November, and third 

KM?£? Dd r ay J n De cember. 

FI ^ st . Monday In January, 
February, June and De- 

A e J?M er ' £°£ rtn Monday in 
April and October. 
Continuous session for ten 

S 1 } 8 ' All except June 
and July. 

January and July. All months except Aueunf 

g. „ ™ ^ . ™ and September 
Second Monday in 

April, 1st Mon 

day in October. 



Second Monday in 
March and Sep- 
tember. 

When Judge or- 
ders. 



First Monday ln 
June and De- 
cember. 

FourtfT Mondav in 
April, 3rd Mon- 
day ln October. 



First Monday in 
April. 3 weeks, 
and 1st Monday 
In October, 3 
weeks. 



First Monday in January 
second Mondav in Feb- 
ruary first Monday In 
JJarch third Monday In 
May, first Monday In 
September, second Mon- 
day in November 

Open at any time under the 
new law. 

Third Monday In Novem- 
ber and March, fourth 
Monday in January and 
February, third Monday 
in June. 

First Monday In January, 
May, June and Novem- 
ber three weeks each ; 
first Monday In Febru- 
ary March, September 
and December, two weekf 
each. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



607 



Parish. 


Parish Seat. 


Dist. 


Jury Term. 


Court Term. 


Rspldes 

Re i River 

Rl;bland 

BaUne 

B «:. Bernard 

Ex. Charles 

Bt. Helena 


Alexandria 

Coushatta 

Rayville 


13th 
lit* 

7th 

12th 

29th 

28tb 
25th 


First Monday in 
Jan. and July. 

First Fonday in 
February and 
October. 
First Monday in 
March and third 
Mon. in Sept. 
Third Monday In 
March and Sep 
tember. 


First Monday in January, 

March and July. 
First Monday In February, 

March, April, May, June, 

Oct., Nov. and Dec. 
First Monday in April, 

June and December. 

First Monday in May, sec- 


St. Bernard 

Hahnvllle 

Greensburg .... 


ond Monday in Decem- 
ber. 
Third Monday In February, 
and December and fourth 
Monday in January, 
April, May, June, Octo- 
ber and November. 


Fourth Monday In 
September, 4th 
Monday in Feb- 
ruary. 

First Monday In 
November and 
May. 

First Monday In 
June and Nov. 


First Monday In May and 
December. 


Bt. James 


Convent 


27th 


First Monday In January, 
March and July. 


Bt. John Baptist 

6 ;. Landry 

B ;. Martin 


Edgard 

Opelousas 

St. Martinsville. 


28th 
11th 
19th 


First Monday in March, 

third Monday in July. 
In session for ten month*. 


First Monday in 
Jan. and March. 
At discretion of 
the Judge. 

Second Monday in 
Oct. and March 

First Monday In 
Jan. and fourth 
Monday in May. 

First Monday in 
May and Nov. 

First Monday In 
April and Octo- 
ber. 

Continuous six 
months. 

Second Monday In 
Oct. and April 
of each year. 

Fourth Monday In 
March and Aug. 


Ao fixed terms. 
First Monday in November 
and September. 


Bt. Mary 

Bt. Tammany . . . 
Tangipahoa 


Franklin 

Covington 

Amite City 

St. Joseph 

Houma 

Farmervllle 

Abbeville . .^. • • 

Leesville 


23d 

26th 

25th 

10th 
20th 

4th 
17th 

12th 


Continuous ten months. 
T\fo months' vacation 
fixed by Judge (generally 
August and September). 

Second Monday in Decem- 
ber, fourth Monday in 
January and April, and 
third Monday in June. 

Thitd Monday in March 
and October. 

Continuous from Qct. 1st 
to July 1st. 

Third Monday In February, 
second Monday in June, 
third Monday in Novem- 
ber and December. 


Terrebonne 


Vermilion 


Vacation June and July. 

Will be in continuous ses- 
sion from second Mon- 
day In September until 
the Saturday before the 
second Monday of July. 

Third Monday in May and 
fourth Monday in No- 
vember. 

Third Monday in December, 
second Monday In Feb- 
ruary and May, first 
Monday in July. 

First Monday In April and 
September, and third 
Monday In February and 
October. 

First Monday In November, 
March and June. 




Washington 

Webster 

Winn 


Frankllnton 

Mlnden 

Winnfleld 


26th 
2nd 

5th 


Fourth Monday in 
Nov. and March 

First Monday in 
Dec and June. 

Third Monday in 
July and Jan. 





608 MISCELLANEOUS. 

TERMS FOR HOLDING CIRCUIT COURTS OF APPEAL IN 

1901-1902. 

First Circuit — Caddo, 1st Mondays in January and June. Bossier, 
3rd Mondays in January and June. Webster, 1st Mondays in February 
and July. Bienville, 2nd Mondays in February and July. Claiborne, 
3rd Mondays in February and July. Union, 1st Mondays in March and 
October. Lincoln, 2nd Mondays in March and October. Jackson, 3rd 
Mondays in March and October. Caldwell, 4th Mondays in March and 
October. Winn, 1st Mondays in April and November. Natchitoches, 
2nd Mondays in April and November. Sabine, 4th Mondays in April and 
November. DeSoto, 1st Mondays in May and December. Red River, 
8rd Mondays in May and December. 

Second CmcuiT-^Ouachita, 2nd Monday in January and 3rd Monday 
in May. Richland, 4th Monday in January and 1st Monday in June. 
Franklin, 2nd Monday in February and 2nd Monday in June. Cata- 
houla, 2nd Monday in February and 3rd Monday in June. Concordia, 
4th Monday in February and 4th Monday in September. Tensas, 2nd 
Mondays in March and October. Madison, 4th Mondays in March and 
October. East Carroll, 2nd Mondays in April and November. West 
Carroll, 4th Mondays in April and November. Morehouse, 1st Mondays 
in May and December. 

Third Circuit — St. Landry, 1st Tuesdays in January and June. 
Avoyelles, 3rd Tuesdays in January and June. Rapides, 1st Tuesdays in 
February and July. Cameron, 3rd Tuesdays in February and July. 
Calcasieu, 1st Tuesday in March and 2nd Tuesday in October. Ver- 
milion, 3rd Tuesday in March and 3rd Tuesday in October. Lafayette, 
4th Tuesday in March and 1st Tuesday in November. Iberia, 2nd 
Tuesday in April and 2nd Tuesday in November. St. Martin, 4th 
Tuesday in April and 4th Tuesday in November. Acadia, 3rd Mondays 
in May and December. Grant, 1st Tuesdays in May and December. 
Vernon, 3rd Tuesdays in May and December. 

Fourth Circuit — East Baton Rouge, 1st Mondays in January and 
June. West Baton Rouge, 4th Mondays in January and June. Livings- 
ton, 1st Monday in February and 4th Monday in May. Tangipahoa, 2nd 
Mondays in February and July. St. Tammany, 4th Monday in February 
,and 1st Monday in July. Washington, 1st Mondays in March and 
October. St. Helena, 2nd Mondays in March and October. East Feli- 
ciana, 4th Mondays in March and October. West Feliciana, 2nd Mondays 
in April and November. Pointe Coupee, 4th Mondays in April and 
November. Iberville, 2nd Mondays in May and December. 

Fifth Circuit — St. Mary, 1st Mondays in January and May. Ter- 
rebonne, 3rd Mondays in January and May. Assumption, 1st Mondays 
in February and June. Lafourche, 3rd Mondays in February and June. 
St. Charles, 1st Mondays in March and October. St. Bernard, 2nd 
Mondays in March and October. Plaquemines, 3rd Mondays in March 
and October. St. John the Baptist, 4th Mondays in March and October. 
St. James, 1st Mondays in April and November. Ascension, 2nd Mon- 



MISCELLANEOUS. 609 

days in April and November. Jefferson, 4th Mondays in April and 
November. 

COUKTS OF APPEALS IN COUNTRY PARISHES. 

Courts of Appeals .(outside of the Parish of Orleans) except as 
hereinafter mentioned, have appellate jurisdiction only, extending to all 
cases, civil or probate, when the matter in dispute, or the funds to be 
distributed, exceeds one hundred dollars, exclusive of interest, and does 
not exceed two thousand dollars, exclusive of interest. Judges of the 
courts of appeals have power to issue writs of habeas corpus at the 
instance of all persons in actual custody, within their respective circuits. 
They have authority to issue writs of mandamus, prohibition, and certi- 
orari, in aid of their appellate jurisdiction, to certify to the Supreme 
Court any question or proposition of law on which they desire instruc- 
tion. 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE IN COUNTRY PARISHES. 

In each parish (except Orleans) justices of the peace shall have 
exclusive original jurisdiction in all civil matters, when the amount in 
dispute does not exceed fifty dollars, exclusive of interest, and original 
concurrent jurisdiction with the District Court, when the amount in 
dispute shall exceed fifty dollars exclusive of interest, and shall not 
exceed one hundred dollars exclusive of interest. It shall have jurisdic- 
tion over all suits for the ownership or possession of movable property, 
not exceeding said amounts in value, and suits by landlords for permis- 
sion of premises, when the monthly or yearly rent, or the rent for the 
unexpired term of the lease does not exceed said amounts. They have 
criminal jurisdiction as committing magistrates, and shall have power 
to bail in cases not capital nor necessarily punishable with hard labor. 

DISTRICT COURTS IN NEW ORLEANS. 

The Civil District Court in the Parish of Orleans is composed of five 
judges, and has original probate and civil jurisdiction in all cases where 
the amount in dispute, or the fund to be distributed, exceeds one hundred 
dollars, exclusive of interest, and in suits by married women for separa- 
tion of property; in suits of divorce or separation from bed and board, 
the nullity of marriage, or for interdiction, and in suits involving the 
title to immovable property, or to office, of civil or political rights, and 
in all cases, except as otherwise provided, where no specific amount is in 
contest, and appointment of receivers or liquidators of corporations or 
partnerships; and appellate jurisdiction from the city courts in thr 
Parish of Orleans. The Civil District Court is open for all purposes 
from the second Monday of October to June 30th in each year,- except 
holidays, and open all the year for probate, partition, and insolvency 
proceedings, granting of writs, orders, etc. District judges have authority 



610 MISCELLANEOUS. 

to grant, at chambers, interlocutory orders, and conservatory writs, and 
executory process, homologating accounts, when not opposed; to order 
family meetings and homologate the proceedings, to issue probate orders, 
etc., and generally all orders relating to the settlement of successions, 
and the administration of tutor?. 

The Criminal District Court in the Parish of Orleans is composed 
of two judges, and has criminal jurisdiction only. The Criminal Court 
is open during the whole year. 



COUET OF APPEALS FOE THE PAEISH OF OELEANS. 

The court has exclusive appellate jurisdiction in all matters, civil or 
probate, arising in said parish, when the amount in dispute, or fund to be 
distributed, does not exceed two thousand dollars, exclusive of intfrest. 
It has authority to issue writs of mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, and 
habeas corpus in aid of its appellate jurisdiction. It is open from the 
second Monday in October to the last of June. All appeals are return- 
able on the second and fourth Monday of each month during the term. 



CITY CIVIL COUETS OF NEW OELEANS. 

There are two Civil Courts in New Orleans. They have exclusive 
original jurisdiction if the amount in dispute does not exceed one 
hundred dollars, exclusive of interest, including suits for the ownership 
of immovable property, not exceeding the amount in value. Suits by 
landlords for possession of leased premises, or for rent for the unex- 
pired term of the lease when it does not exceed that amount, subject to 
appeal in all cases to the Court of Appeals, New Orleans. All appeals are 
tried de novo. The judges of said court shall have authority to issue 
marriage licenses, and celebrate marriage and execute commissions to 
take testimony. They are open the whole year. 

CITY CEIMINAL COUETS. 

There are two Criminal City Courts in New Orleans. They have 
jurisdiction for the trial and punishment, subject to appeal to the 
Criminal District Court, of all offenses against the State, where the 
penalty does not exceed six months imprisonment, or a fine of three 
hundred dollars, or both. The judges of these courts have jurisdiction as 
committing magistrates with authority to bail and discharge. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 611 



RULES GOVERNING- APPLICATIONS FOR 
PARDONS, ETC. 

Baton Rouge, La., July 3d, 1894. 
In order that we may act with a full understanding of the merits of 
all applications for executive clemency, and that ample opportunity may 
be given for the expression of the opinions and wishes of the individuals 
and communities interested, we have adopted the following rules for our 
guidance in the discharge of the duties imposed upon us by Article 69 of 
the Constitution. The cordial co-operation of the several judges through- 
out the State is earnestly solicited. 

1. All applications for pardon, commutation of sentence, or remis- 
sion of fines or forfeitures, must be embodied in a petition setting forth 
the offense for which the applicant was convicted, the day of his convic- 
tion, the sentence and its date, and the reasons, considerations and facts 
upon which the application is based; and must be accompanied by a 
certified copy of the indictment, verdict and sentence. 

2. Notice of the application must be given by ten days publication 
in a newspaper in the parish where the offense is alleged to have been 
committed. 

3. Whenever the application is based upon material facts affecting 
the guilt or innocence of the applicant, sworn proof of such facts must 
accompany the application. 

4. The application must be first presented to the presiding judge, 
who is requested to endorse his recommendation, or refusal to recommend, 
upon the petition, together with a full statement of the reasons and con- 
siderations which prompt him to give or withhold his recommendation, 
and a statement of the facts affecting- the merits of the application, to the 
best of his understanding thereof. 

5. Persons opposing a pardon, commutation, or remission, must file 
a written protest, setting forth the facts upon which they base their 
opposition, supported by written proof. 

6. All persons are requested to give us information as to all appli- 
cations for executive clemency, in order that we may not be compelled to 
act on insufficient and one-sided information in the performance of the 
disagreeable duty of passing upon them. 

R. H. Snyder, 

Lieutenant Governor. 

M. J. Cunningham, 

Attorney General. 



612 MISCELLANEOUS. 



RULES RELATIVE TO EXTRADITION. 

Established by the Governor in issuing extradition warrants upon 
the requisitions of Governors of other States and Territories, and the 
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, for the 
apprehension and rendition of fugitives from justice. 

UNITED STATES STATUTES AT LARGE. 

Section 5278. Whenever the executive authority of any State or 
Territory demands any person as a fugitive from justice, of the executive 
authority of any State or Territory to which such person has fled, and 
produces a copy of an indictment found, or an affidavit made before a 
magistrate of any State or Territory, charging the person demanded with 
having committed treason, felony or other crime, certified as authentic 
by the Governor or chief magistrate of the State or Territory from 
whence the person so charged has fled, it shall be the duty of the execu- 
tive authority of the State or Territory to which such person has fled, to 
cause him to be arrested and secured, and to cause notice of the arrest to 
be given to the executive authority making such demand, or to the agent 
of such authority appointed to receive the fugitive, and to cause the 
fugitive to be delivered to such agent when he shall appear. If no such 
agent appears within six months from the time of the arrest, the prisoner 
may be discharged. All costs or expenses incurred in apprehending, 
securing and transmitting such fugitive to the State or Territory making 
such demand, shall be paid by such State or Territory. 



EEYISED STATUTES OE LOUISIANA. 

Section 1038. When any person shall be charged on oath, of any 
credible person, before any judge or justice of the peace of this State of 
having committed any crime within any State or Territory of the 
United States, and has fled from justice, it shall be the duty of such 
judge or justice to issue his warrant for the arrest of such accused, and 
to proceed to the examination of such case, and commit or discharge the 
accused, as such judge or justice may determine, provided no person so 
accused shall be detained in custody exceeding ninety days. 

Sec. 1039. The Governor may, in his discretion, deliver over to 
justice any person found within the State, who shall be charged with 
having committed any crime under the Constitution and laws of the 
United States or any State or Territory. 

Sec. 1040. Such delivery shall only be made on the requisition of 
the duly authorized^ ministers or officers of the government within the 
jurisdiction of which the crimq shall be charged to have been committed, 



MISCELLANEOUS. 613 

and upon their paying all expenses attending the apprehension, confine- 
ment and delivery of the party accused. 

Sec. 1041. It shall be the duty of the Governor to require such 
evidence of the guilt of the person so charged, as would be necessary to 
justify his apprehension and commitment for trial, had the crime charged 
been committed within the State. 

Rule 1. The requisition should be accompanied by a certified copy 
of the indictment or affidavit and copies of all papers which were pre- 
sented to the executive authority of the State or Territory from which 
the requisition came. All papers should be certified by the Governor 
making the requisition to be authentic. 

2. When the requisition is founded upon an affidavit, it is required 
that the facts constituting the offense be set forth in full, and as par- 
ticularly as in an indictment. 

3. In case of false pretenses, embezzlement and other similar 
crimes, it should be stated by the prosecution, under oath, that the 
application is not made for the purpose of collecting a debt, nor for any 
private purpose whatever; that the only object is to punish the criminal 
and that they will not use him for the purpose of enforcing a civil 
remedy. 

4. Proof by affidavit is required satisfying the executive that the 
alleged criminal is a fugitive from justice and that the ends of justice 
require a criminal prosecution for the protection of the public. 

5. If the offense is not of recent occurrence, good reasons must be 
given for the delay in causing the arrest. 

6. If the charge is forgery, an affidavit of the person whose name is 
alleged to have been forged must be produced, or its absence satisfactorily 
explained. 

7. Proof under oath is required, that the fugitive is believed to 
have taken refuge in Louisiana, with statement of reason why such 
information is not verified by the person or persons possessing it. 

8. It should affirmatively appear by the requisition that the offense 
charged is a crime in violation of the laws of the State or Territory 
invoking the demand. 

The constitutional right to demand and duty to grant extradition of 
fugitives from criminal justice should not be impaired or abridged; nor, 
on the other hand, should it be perverted, distorted or abused. It is not 
the adjunct of civil process nor an aid in the prosecution of civil 
remedies, nor an agency to the collection of debts, nor a means for the 
enforcement of settlement under pressure of criminal prosecution. When 
extradition is invoked for private ends, to collect debts, to secure for- 
feiture of civil bonds, to recover civil damages, to bring absent persons 
within the jurisdiction of civil courts, all under false charges of embez- 
zlement, or of fraudulent transfers, or of selling mortgaged property, or 
of obtaining property under false pretenses, and the like, it is an abuse 
of this great adjunct of remedial justice. 



614 MISCELLANEOUS. 



TIKADE-MARKS, LABELS, EiTIO. 

A.ct No. 49 of 1898.) 

AN ACT. 

To protect labels, trade-marks, terms, designs, devices or forms of adver- 
tisement, and to provide a penalty for violation thereof. 

Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of 
Louisiana, Whenever any person, or any association or union of workmen, 
Jbas heretofore adopted or used or shall hereafter adopt or use any label, 
trade-mark, term, design, device or form of advertisement for the purpose 
of designating, making known, or distinguishing any goods, wares, mer- 
chandise or other product of labor, as having been made, manufactured, 
produced, prepared, packed or put on sale by such person or association 
or union of workmgmen or by a member or members of such association 
or union, it shall be unlawful to counterfeit or imitate such label, trade- 
mark, term, design, device or form of advertisement, or to use, sell, otter 
for sale or in any way utter or circulate any counterfeit or imitation of 
any such label, trade-mark, term, design, device or form of advertisement. 

Sec. 2. Be it further enacted, etc., Whoever counterfeits or imitates 
iny such label, trade-mark, term, design, device or form of advertise- 
ment; or sells, offers for sale or in any way utters or circulates any 
counterfeit or imitation of any such label, trade-mark, term, design, 
device or form of advertisement; or keeps or has in his possession with 
intent that the same shall be sold or disposed of, any goods, wares, mer- 
chandise or other product of labor to which or on which any such coun- 
terfeit or imitation is printed, painted, stamped or impressed; or know- 
ingly sells or disposes of any goods, wares, merchandise or other products 
of labor contained in any box, case, can or package, to which or on which 
any such counterfeit or imitation is attached, affixed, printed, painted, 
stamped or impressed ; or keeps or has in his possession with intent that the 
Bame shall be sold or disposed of, any goods, wares, merchandise or other 
product of labor in any box, case, can or package to which or on which 
any such counterfeit or imitation is attached, affixed, printed, painted, 
stamped or impressed, shall be punished by a fine of not more than one 
hundred dollars or by imprisonment for not more than three months. 

Sec. 3. Be it further enacted, etc., Every such person, association 
or union that has heretofore adopted or used, or shall hereafter adopt or 
use, a label, trade-mark, term, design, device or form of advertisement as 
provided in Section 1, of this Act, may file the same for record in the 
office of the Secretary of State by leaving two copies, counterparts or 
fac-similes thereof, with said Secretary and by filing therewith a sworn 
application specifying the name or names of the person, association or 
union on whose behalf such label/ trade-mark, term, design, device or 



MISCELLANEOUS. 615 

form of advertisement shall be filed; the class of merchandise and a 
description of the goods to which it has been or is intended to be appro- 
priated, stating that the party so filing or on whose behalf such label, 
trade-mark, term, design, device or form of advertisement shall be filed, 
has the right to the use of the same; that no other person, firm, associa- 
tion, union or corporation has the right to such use, either in the iden- 
tical form or in any such near resemblance thereto as may be calculated 
to deceive, and that the fac-simile or counterparts filed therewith are true 
and correct. There shall be paid for such filing and recording a fee of 
one dollar. Said Secretary shall deliver to such person, association or 
union so filing or causing to be filed any such label, trade-mark, term, 
design, device or form of advertisement so many duly attested certificates 
of the recording of the same as such person, association or union may 
apply for, for each of which certificates said Secretary shall receive a fee 
of one dollar. Any such certificate of record shall in all suits and prose- 
cutions under this Act be sufficient proof of the adoption of such label, 
trade-mark, term, design, device or form of advertisement. Said Secretary 
of State shall not record for any person, union or association any label, 
trade-mark, term, design, device or form of advertisement that would 
probably be mistaken for any label, trade-mark, term, design, device or 
form of advertisement heretofore filed by or on behalf of any other 
person, union or association. 

Section 4. Be it further enacted, etc. : Any person who shall for 
himself or on behalf of any other person, association or union procure the 
filing of any label, trade-mark, term, design, device or form of advertise- 
ment in the office of the Secretary of State under the provisions of this 
act, by making any false or fraudulent representations or declaration, ver- 
bally or in writing, or by any fraudulent means, shall be liable to pay any 
damage sustained in consequence of any such filing, to be recovered by or 
on behalf of the party injured thereby in any court having jurisdiction and 
shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars or by im- 
prisonment not exceeding three months. 

Section 5. Be it further enacted, etc. : Every such person, associa- 
tion or union adopting or using a label, trade-mark, term, design, device 
or form of advertisement as aforesaid, may proceed by suit to enjoin the 
manufacture, use, display or sale of any counterfeits or imitations thereof, 
and all courts of competent jurisdiction shall grant injunctions to restrain 
such manufacture, use, display or sale and may award the complaint in 
in any such suit damages resulting from such manufacture, use, sale, or 
display, as may be by the said court deemed just and reasonable, and shall 
require the defendants to pay to such person, association or union, all 
profits derived from such wrongful manufacture, use, display or sale ; and 
such court shall also order that all such counterfeits or imitations in the 
possession or under the control of any defendant in such cause be delivered 
to an oflicer of the court, or to the complainant, to be destroyed. 

Section 6. Be it further enacted, etc. : Every person who shall use 
or display the genuine label, trade-mark, term, design, device or form of 



616 MISCELLANEOUS. 

advertisement of any such person, association or union in any manner not 
being authorized so to do by such person or association, shall be deemed 
guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished by imprisonment for not 
more than three months or by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars. 
In all cases where such association or union is not incorporated, suits 
under this act may be commenced and prosecuted by an officer or member 
of such association or union on behalf of and for the use of such associa- 
tion or union. 

Section 7. Be it further enacted, etc. : Any person or persons who 
shall in any way use the name or seal of any such person, association or 
union or officer thereof in and about the sale of goods or otherwise, not 
being authorized to use the same, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and 
6hall be punishable by imprisonment for not more than three months, or 
by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars. 

Section 8. Be it further enacted, etc. : This act shall take effect and 
be in force from and after its passage. 

S. P. Henry, 
Speaker of the House of Representatives. 

Albert Estopinal,, 
President pro tern, of the Senate. 
Approved July 8th, 1898. 

Murphy J. Foster, 
Governor of the State of Louisiana. 
A true copy : 

John T. Michel, 

Secretary of State. 



FORM OF APPLICATION FOR TRADE-MARK. 

To all Whom it May Concern: 

Be it known, that the , a corporation 

organized under the laws of the State of Louisiana, domiciled in the City 
of New Orleans, Parish of Orleans, and doing business in said city and 

parish, has adopted for its use a trade-mark for , of 

which two copies, counterparts or f ac-similes, are herewith filed for record 
in the office of the Secretary of State, to-wit: 

This application is filed on behalf of the , aforesaid. 

The class of merchandise, and description of goods to which said trade- 
mark has been appropriated and is intended to be appropriated is 

the said has the sole right to the use of the same. 

No other person, firm, association, union or corporation has the right to 
such use, either in the identical form herein above described, or in any 



MISCELLANEOUS. 617 

such resemblance thereto as maybe calculated to deceive, and the fac- 
similes or counterparts herewith filed are true and correct. 

Thus done and signed at the City of New Orleans, this 

day of ,190 

AFFIDAVIT. 

State of Louisiana, 
Parish of Orleans. — ss. . 

, being duly sworn, deposes and says that he 

is the president of the , the applicant named in the 

foregoing instrument, and that the facts alleged in said instrument are 
true. 

Sworn to and subscribed before me, this day of 

, 190 



Notary Public. 



618 MISCELLANEOUS. 

LIST OF CITIES, TOWNS AND VILLAGES 

Incorporated Under the Provisions of Act No. 136 of 1898. 

Alexandria, Town of September 25, 1899. 

Alexandria, City of January 15, 1901. 

Amite City, Town of November 27, 1900. 

Bernice, Village of December 7, 1899. 

Boyce, Town of May 26, 1900. 

Jirusly Landing, Village of October 1, 1901. 

Oheneyville, Village of June 13, 1901. 

Ohurch Point, Village of . . .June 1, 1899. 

Covington, Town of (Amendment) July 3, 1900. 

Crowley, Town of June 21, 1899. 

Delhi, Village of May 28, 1900. 

Dodson, Village of November 22, 1901. 

Durbach, Village of June 28, 1901. 

Erath, Village of April 24, 1899. 

Estherwood, Village of ,• ., March 12, 1901. 

Franklinton, Town of (Amendment) January 25, 1900. 

Grand Cane, Village of June 29, 1899. 

Gueydan, Village of i July 19, 1899. 

Hammond, Town of February 13, 1899. 

Haynesville, Village of August 14, 1901. 

Homer, Town of (Amendment) September 17, 1901. 

Homer, Town of (Amendment) December 4, 1901. 

Houma, Town of , June 9, 1900. 

Jennings, Town of September 5, 1900. 

Jonesboro, Village of September 4, 1901. 

Lake Charles, Town of (Amendment) May 11, 1899. 

Lake Charles, City of (Amendment) June 15, 1900. 

Lecompte, Village of September 12, 1900. 

Leesville, Town of February 15, 1900. 

Lockport, Village of . May 10, 1899. 

Marthaville, Village of December 7, 1899. 

Mermentau, Village of .November 11, 1899. 

Mer Rouge, Village of October 28, 1898. 

New Iberia, Town of (Amendment) February 13, 1902. 

Noble, Village of , March 12, 1901. 

Oberlin, Village of February 5, 1900. 

Olla, Village of August 1, 1899. 

Opelousas, Town of December 24, 1898. 

Plaquemine, Town of (Amendment) August 9, 1899. 

Pontchatoula, Town of January 22, 1900. 

Rayville, Town of , January 4, 1901. 

Ruston, Town of July 19, 1901. 

St. Francisville, Town of February 21, 1899. 

St. Joseph, Town of February 26, 1901. 

Soringhill, Village of February 5, 1902. 

Thibodeaux, Town of . March 12, 1901. 

Vidalia, Town of May 6, 1901. 

Vivian, Village of September 3, 1901. 

Welsh, Town of May 26, 1900. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 

LIST OF CITIES— Continued. 

Welsh, Town of (Amendment) August 6, 1900. 

Welsh, Town of (Amendment) March 30, 1901. 

West Monroe, Town of (Amendment) May 13, 1899. 

West Monroe, Town of (Ordinance) March 13, 1901. 

Wilson, Town of June 21, 1899. 

Winnneld, Village of June 8, 1900. 



619 



LEGAL HOLIDAYS. 



Jan. 1 — New Year's Day. 
Jan. 8 — Battle of New Orleans. 
Feb. 22— Washington's Birthday. 
Mardi Gras — Shrove Tuesday. 
Good Friday. 
April 6 — Decoration Day. 



July 4 — Independence Day. 

Nov. 1— All Saint's Day. 

Nov. 25 — Labor Day (Orleans only) 

Thanksgiving Day. 

Dec. 25 — Christmas Day. 

Sundays. 



General Election Day. 

In New Orleans only : Saturdays are half holidays, public offices and 
banks closing their doors at twelve o'clock. 






620 MISCELLANEOUS. 

COMMISSIONERS OF DEEDS FOR OTHER 
STATES IN LOUISIANA. 

Alabama * red C. Marx New Orleans,La 

Arizona . JNone JNew Orleans, .La. 

Arkansas VVm. Armstrong JNew Orleans,La. 

Arkansas .benjamin Ory JNew Orleans,La. 

Arkansas M. U. Soniat i\ew Orleans,La. 

Arkansas 0. O. Wilcox .JNew Orleans, La. 

California J-Vi. C. Soniat JNew Orleans,La. 

California J ohn G. Eustis JNew Orleans,La. 

Connecticut 1M. 0. ISoniat JNew Orieans,La. 

Delaware IVi. C. Soniat .New Orleans, .La. 

Florida J ohn G. Eustis New Orleans,La. 

Georgia JVi. C. Somat. New Orleans,La. 

Georgia F. C. Marx .New Orieans,La. 

. .New Orleans, La. 

. .New Orleans, La. 

. .New Orleans, La. 

. .New Orleans, La. 

. .New Orleans, La. 



Georgia Len. Ory 

Illinois John G. Eustis 

Illinois . M. C. Soniat 

Indiana M. C. Soniat 

Idaho None 

Iowa None New Orleans,La. 

Kansas M. C. Soniat New Orleans,La. 

Kansas J. D. Hagerty Washington, La. 

Maryland M. C. Soniat New Orieans,La. 

Massachusetts None .New Orleans,La. 

Michigan M. C. Soniat. New Orleans,La. 

Mississippi John G. Eustis New Orleans, La. 

Mississippi M. C. Soniat New Orleans,La. 

Mississippi F. C. Marx New Orleans,La. 

Missouri M. C. Soniat New Orleans,La. 

Missouri John G. Eustis New Orleans,La. 

Montana M. C. Soniat .New Orleans,La. 

Nebraska M. C. Soniat New Orleans,La. 

Nevada M. C. Soniat New Orleans,La. 

New Hampshire M. C. Soniat .New Orleans,La. 

New Jersey John G. Eustis .New Orleans,La. 

New Mexico None New Orleans,La. 

New York M. C. Soniat New Orleans,La. 

New York. W. Morgan Gurley New Orleans,La. 

New York John G. Eustis New Orleans,La. 

New York Ed. H. Seymour New Orleans,La. 

New York Fred C. Marx New Orleans,La. 

New York Clifford M. Eustis New Orleans,La. 

North Carolina None New Orleans,La. 

North Dakota None New Orleans,La. 

Ohio John G. Eustis New Orleans, La. 

Ohio F. C. Marx New Orleans,La. 

Ohio M. C. Soniat New Orleans,La. 

Oklahoma None New Orleans,La. 

Pennsylvania M. C. Soniat New Orleans,La. 

Pennsylvania John G. Eustis New Orleans,La. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 621 

Khode Island M. C. Soniat — .New Orleans,La. 

South Carolina. None ..... .New Orleans, La. 

South Dakota None New Orleans,La. 

Texas Leon Sugar Lake Charles,La. 

Texas John G. Eustis New Orleans,La. 

Texas M. C. Soniat .New Orleans,La. 

Texas F. C. Marx .New Orleans,La. 

Utah None New Orleans,La. 

Virginia M. C. Soniat New Orleans,La. 

West Virginia None .New Orleans,La. 

Wisconsin M. C. Soniat New Orleans,La. 

Wisconsin John G. Eustis New Orleans,La. 

Wyoming None .New Orleans, La. 



COMMISSIONERS OF DEEDS FOR LOUISIANA IN 
OTHER STATES. 

TERM OF OFFICE, FOUR YEARS.— APP OINTMENTS SINCE MAY, VKTR. 

Commissioner. Domicile. Date. Expiration. 

Thos. W. Folsom New York City Aug. 11, 1898 Aug. 11, 1902 

A. Pack Pontiac, Mich Oct. 13, 1898 Oct. 13, 1902 

E.B.Ryan San Francisco, Cal Oct. 27, 1898 Oct. 27, 1902 

J. E. Sawyer Pontiac, Mich Nov. 3. 1898 Nov. 3. 1902 

M. A. Foote Chicago, Ills Dec. 28, 1898 Dec. 28, 1902 

W. B. Gwyn Asheville, N. C Dec. 28, 1898 Dec. 28, 1902 

H. S. Shreve Louisville, Ky Dec. 28, 1898 Dec. 28, 1902 

C. S. Bundy Washington, D. C Dec. 28, 1898 Dec. 28, 1902 

C.H.Adams Boston, Mass Dec. 28, 1898 Dec. 28. 1902 

J. L. King San Francisco, Cal Dec. 28, 1898 Dec. 28, 1902 

D. M. Redmund Osyka. Miss Jan. 9, 1899 Jan. 9, 1903 

E. Jackson New York City Jan. 9, 1899 Jan. 9, 1903 

J. A. Hillery New York City Feb. 20, 1899 Feb. 20, 1903 

W.B.Adams Savannah, Ga Feb. 24. 1899 Feb. 24, 1903 

C. B. Paxton Vicksburg, Miss March 4, 1899 March 4, 1903 

Edwin T. Corey New York City March 16, 1899 March 16, 1903 

E. A. Gladwin Middleton, Conn March 16, 1899 March 16, 1903 

Hugh McClelland McKinney, Texas March 20, 1899 March 20, 1903 

Joseph B. Bruman New York City March 30, 1899 March 30, 1903 

Joseph A. Springer Havana, Cuba March 30. 1899 March 30. 1903 

Herbert Morris Dallas, Texas April 8, 1899 April 8. 1903 

Charts E. Mills New York City April 15, 1899 April 15, 1903 

Murray Hanson Baltimore. Md May 13, 1899 May 13, 1903 

Wm. E. Humphrey Chicago, Ills May 23, 1899 May 23, 1903 

A. T. Holtzman Washington, D. C May 23, 1899 May 23, 1903 

Robert Luck St. Paul, Minn July 11, 1899 July 11, 1903 

Francisco G. G. Y. Morales Havana, Cuba July 11, 1899 July 11, 1903 

Geo. H. Corey New York City Aug. 2, 1899 Aug. 2, 1903 

Edw. J. Jones Boston, Mass Aug. 21, 1899 Aug. 21, 1903 

Alfred Mackay New York City Sept. 16, 1899 Sept. 16, 1903 

Chas. D. Green, Jr St. Louis, Mo Sept. 27, 1899 Sept 27, 1903 

E.W.King Havana, Cuba Oct. 17, 1899 Oct. 17, 1903 

I. J. Pocher New York City Dec. 7, 1899 Dec. 7, 1903 

A. R. Torrey Boston, Mass Dec. 9. 1899 Dec. 9, 1903 

Louis Mariano de Bugua. . Cienfuegos, Cuba Dec. 3 6, 1899 Dec. 16, 1903 

L. W T . Cleveland New Haven, Conn Dec. 23, 1899 Dec. 23, 1903 

W. Wagner. Jr Philadelphia. Penn Dec. 16, 1899 Dec. 16, 1903 

Lemuel P. Conner Natchez, Miss Dec. 26, 1899 Dec. 26, 1903 

E. J. Graetz New York City Jan. 9, 1900 Jan. 9. 1904 

John J. Coady New York City March 3, 1900 March 3, 1904 

Hudson Cary Memphis. Tenn March 12, 1900 March 12. 1904 

E. J. McCullen Beaumont. Texas March 14. 1900 March 14. 1904 

J. B. Ramsey Memphis, Tenn May 16, 1900 May 16. 1904 

Wm. R. Johnson Galveston, Texas June 13. 1900 June 13, 1904 

W. H. H. Raleigh Baltimore, Md June 20, 1900 June 20, 1904 

L. M. Lowenberg Vicksburg, Miss July 17, 1900 July 17, 1904 

Jose Eugenio Marx Havana, Cuba Sept. 6, 1900 Sept. 6, 1904 

H. R. Boyd Memphis, Tenn. ._ Nov. 1, 1900 Nov. 1, 1904 

J. T. Strother Vicksburg, Miss Nov. 3, 1900 Nov. 3, 1904 



622 MISCELLANEOUS. 

COMMISSIONERS OF DEEDS FOB LOUISIANA IN 
OTHER STATES!. 

TERM OF OFFICE, FOUR YEARS. — APPOINTMENTS SINCE MAY, 1898. 

Commissioner. Domicile. Date. Expiration. 

Geo. H. Kirchner Detroit, Mich Dec. 11, 1900 Dec. 10, 1904 

Geo. E. Bryson Havana, Cuba Dec. 11, 1900 Dec. 10, 1904 

H. B. Leavens Kansas City, Mo Dec. 13, 1900 Dec. 13, 1904 

O. W. Catchings Vicksburg, Miss Dec. 18, 1900 Dec. 18, 1904 

Gerard Brandon Natchez, Miss Dec. 18, 1900 Dec. 18, 1904 

M. A. Herring St. Paul, Minn Jan. 21, 1901 Jan. 21, 1905 

F. S. Lawrence Vicksburg, Miss Jan. 21, 1901 Jan. 21, 1905 

Benj. F. Hillery New York City Jan. 22, 1901 Jan. 22, 1905 

S. B. Goodale New York City Feb. 16, 1901 Feb. 16, 1905 

S. L. Walker Memphis, Tenn March 11, 1901 March 11, 1905 

Thos. J. Hunt Philadelphia, Pa April 15, 1901 April 15, 1905 

A. H. Fisher Baltimore, Md April 19, 1901 April 19, 1905 

C. H. Hesse Baltimore, Md Aprl 20, 1901 April 20, 1905 

C. A. Johnson Los Angeles, Cal May 6, 1901 May 6, 1905 

Wm H. Black New York City June 10, 1901 Jun« 10, 1905 

Geo. Mcledowie, Jr Belfast, Ireland June 12, 1901 June 12. 1905 

Henry Balantyne New York City July 1, 1901 July 1, 1905 

T. Howard Embert Baltimore, Md July 12, 1901 July 12, 1905 

Chas. W. Wagner New York City July 24, 1901 July 24, 1905 

Herbert M. Hyde New York City July 25, 1901 July 25, 1905 

Wm. F. Robb Pittsburg, Pa Sept. 9, 1901 Sept. 9, 1905 

Marshall J. Gasquet New York City Sept. 25, 1901 Sept. 25, 1905 

Leslie T. Carter. New York City Sept. 27, 1901 Sept. 27, 1905 

Vincent Rosemon. New York City Oct. 4, 1901 Oct. 4, 1905 

Harry Stucky Louisville, Ky Oct. 14, 1901 Oct. 14, 1905 

Wm. Shillaber New York City Oct. 25, 1901 Oct. 25, 1905 

J. T. Harrison Cincinnati, Ohio Dec. 9, 1901 Dec. 9, 1905 

J. C. Norton St. Paul, Minn. Jan. 23, 1902 Jan. 23, 1906 

C. E. Everett Cincinnati, Ohio Jan. 25, 1902 Jan. 25, 1906 

Geo. W. Hunt Philadelphia, Pa Jan. 30, 1902 Jan. 30, 1906 

Wm. Waggener Vicksburg, Miss Jan. 31, 1902 Jan. 31, 1906 

J. A. Peck St. Louis, Mo Feb. 26, 1902 Feb. 26, 1906 

Geo. T. Knox San Francisco, Cal. . . . March 5, 1901 March 5, 1906 

E. S. Parnell Junction City, Ark. . . . March 13, 1902 March 13, 1906 

S. L. Taylor Tniladelphia. Pa March 17, 1902 March 17, 1906 

C. O. Hall Baltimore, Md March 24, 1902 March 24, 1906 

A. W. Chamberlain New York City April 14. 1902 April 14, 1906 

S. R. Miner Wilkesbarre, Pa May 5, 1902 May 5, 1906 



MISCELLANEOUS. 623 



RAILROADS IN LOUISIANA. 

Arkansas Southern Kailroad Company. 

Chicago, St. Louis and New Orleans Railroad. 

East Louisiana Railroad Company. 

Houston and Shreveport Railroad Company. 

Iberia and Vermilion Railroad. 

Illinois Central Railroad (Lessee of the Chicago, St. Louis and New 

Orleans Railroad). 
Jackson Railroad. 

Kansas City Southern Railway Company. 
Kansas City, Watkins and Gulf Railway. 
Leesville East and West Railroad Company. 
Louisiana and Arkansas Railroad Company. 
Louisiana and Northwest Railroad Company. 
Louisiana Southern Railroad. 
Louisiana Western Railroad. 

Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway Company of Texas. 
Morgan's Louisiana and Texas Railroad and Steamship Company. 
Natchez, Red River and Texas Railroad Company. 
New Orleans Belt and Terminal Company. 

New Orleans, Fort Jackson and Grand Isle Railroad Company. 
New Orleans and Northeastern Railroad Company. 
New Orleans and Northwestern Railway. 
New Orleans and Mobile Railroad. (Operated by Louisville and 

Nashville Railroad Company.) 
New Orleans and Western Railroad Company. (W. C. Dotterer, 

^ilWReceiver.) 

Pontchartrain Railroad. 

Sherman, Shreveport and Southern Railway Company. 

Shreveport and Red River Valley Railway Company. 

St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway Company. 

St. Louis Southwestern Railway Company. 

Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad. 

Texas and Pacific Railway Company. 

Vicksburg, Shreveport and Pacific Railway Company. 



624 



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Capital Stock Individual Deposits Surplus 

paid in. not bearing interest. Fund 



1 n?L nk o 0f Abbeville $ 40,000 00 $ 236,928 02 * 15,000 0C 

2 City Savings Bank of Alexandria. 12,500 00 . .. 

■» Rapides Bank of Alexandria 90,000 00 755,524 08 40,666 66 

4 Bank of Amite City 22,000 00 52,187 57 2 750 00 

5 Bank of North Louisiana 25,000 00 100,355 76 1,316 28 

6 Bastrop State Bank 50,000 00 99,658 24 

7 Bank of Bernice 10,575 00 32,732 29 

8 Bank of Baton Rouge 50,000 00 607,893 63 150,000 00 

9 La. State Bank of Baton Rouge. . . 75,000 00 150,488 10 

10 People's Say. Bk. of Baton Rouge 10,850 00 2,500 00 

11 Merchts & Planters' Bk. of Bunkie 25,000 00 98,123 23 

12 Breaux Bridge Bank 13.350 00 14,425 01 

13 Bank of Clinton 15,000 00 107,077 50 1,250 00 

14 The Cheneyville Bank 12,500 00 79,836 24 

15 Bank of Colfax 15,000 00 50,155 75 

16 Bank of Coushatta 15,000 00 80,887 12 

17 Bank of Covington 15,000 00 80,068 11 3,000 00 

18 Crowley State Bank 50,000 00 176 629 54 25,000 00 

19 Bank of Acadia 45,000 00 101,056 95 5.000 00 

20 Bank of Ascension 30,000 00 217,208 55 15,000 00 

21 Bank of Donaldsonville 50,000 00 220,775 33 20,000 00 

22 People's Bank of Donaldsonville. . 30,000 00 100,998 04 5,000 00 

23 Eunice State Bank 15,000 00 20,417 84 

24 St. Mary Bank . . . 50,000 00 200,092 00 12,500 00 

25 Bank of Gueydan 15,000 00 50,740 59 

26 Bank of Hammond 10,000 00 16,183 80 

27 Hammond State Bank 12,000 00 60,239 18 2,500 00 

28 Haynesville State Bank 11,000 00 23,730 06 

29 Bank of Houma 50,000 00 107,362 90 8,750 00 

30 People's Bank of Houma 50,000 00 145,668 48 2,000 00 

31 Bank of Jeanerette ■ 30,000 00 106,276 54 4,000 00 

32 Citizens' Bank of Jeanerette 25,000 00 144,176 14 2,000 00 

33 Citizens' Bank of Jennings 50,000 00 343,717 50 6,000 00 

34 Jennings Banking and Trust Co 50,000 00 64,076 58 

35 Bank of Lafayette 25,000 00 87,946 76 2,000 00 

36 The Lake Providence Bank 15,000 00 98,139 18 1,275 00 

37 Bank of Leesville 11,000 00 69,359 50 250 00 

38 The Citizens Bank of Leesville 14,500 00 22,899 86 

39 Bank of DeSoto 20,000 00 52,290 14 

40 The Sabine Valley Bank 12,500 00 32,175 45 

41 Avoyelles Bank of Marksville 30,000 00 111957 91 400 00 

42 Bank of Minden 35,000 00 228,874 85 13,500 00 

43 Merchts & Farmers' Bk. of Monroe 100,000 00 244,811 16 11,000 00 

44 Bank of Morgan City 25,000 00 109,080 04 

45 Bank of Assumption 25,000 00 94,674 45 

46 Bank of Napoleonville 30,000 00 200,887 86 

47 Exchange Bank of Natchitoches.. 25,000 00 214,249 80 

48 State Bank of New Iberia 50,000 00 159,979 42 

49 Algiers Savings Bank 30,000 00 35,862 31 

50 Canal Bank of New Orleans 1,000,000 00 4,280,394 08 

51 Citizens' Bank of Louisiana 380.200 00 975,944 30 

52 Germania Savings Bank 100,000 00 

53 Metropolitan Bank of New Orleans 250.000 00 772,26? 74 

54 Morgan State Bank 100,000 00 190,921 98 

55 People's Bank of New Orleans 250,000 00 1,177,611 06 

56 Provident Savings and Safe De- 

posit Bank 100,000 00 145,3^4 25 

57 U. S. Safe Deposit and Sav. Bk. . 100,000 00 

58 Teutonia Bank of New Orleans... 100 000 00 200,075 39 

59 Bank of New Roads. 20,000 00 144,103 58 

60 People's State Bank of Opelousas. 16,300 00 239,496 33 

61 St. Landry State Bank 50,000 00 318,374 16 

62 Bank of Patterson 25,000 00 82,862 78 

63 Bank of Plaquemine 50,000 00 146,511 53 

64 People's Bank of Plaquemine .... 50,000 00 123,481 67 

65 Ravne State Bank 15,000 00 136,279 15 

66 Lincoln Parish Bank 25,000 00 57,365 53 

67 Ruston State Bank 50,000 00 248,886 37 25,000 00 

68 Merchants' and Farmers' Bank of 

Shreveport 100,000 00 641,756 63 2,500 00 

69 Bank of West Feliciana 25,000 00 124,279 49 14,000 00 

70 Bank of St. Martinsville 40,000 00 98,012 95 2,000 00 

71 Bank of Lafourche 25,000 00 241,600 94 17,500 00 

72 Bank of Thibodaux 50,000 00 278,472 36 15,000 00 

73 Washington State Bank 20,850 00 60,838 71 2,000 00 

74 Bank of Whitecastle ' 15,000 00 81,547 02 300 00 

75 Bank of Winnfleld . 10,850 00 37,905 14 

76 Bank of Lockport 15,000 00 30,972 50 

Total $4,500,975 00 $17,244,171 "oO $556,931 60 



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662 



Miscellaneous. 



U. 0. V. OAMPS, "LOUISIANA DIVISION.' 



Army of N. Virginia 
Army of Tennessee 
Gen. Lelioy Stafford 
Jeff. Davis . . . 

Ruston 

R. E. Lee 

Confd. Vet. States 

Cavalry 

Washington Artill'y 

Henry W. Paul 

Baton Rouge 

Iberville 

R. L. Gibson 

V. Mauvin 

Natchitoches 

Mouton 

Camp Moore 

Calcasieu Con. Vets. 

Amite City 

Isaiah Norwood • • ■ 

Richland 

Winchester Hall. . . 

Henry Allen 

John Peck 

Lake Providence . . 
Braxton Bragg .... 

Arcadia 

Fred. Ogden 

Feliciana 

<t^u. Geo. Moorman 
Florian Cornay . . . 
Con. Vet. Assn. 

Union Parish . . . 

Cap Perot 

Lowden Butler . . . 

Harry Hays 

Henry Gray 

Croft 

T. M. Scott 

Lick Taylor 

Claiborne 

Henry Gray 

K. M. Hinson 

Frank Gardner .... 

Camp Hood 

Vermilion 

G. T. Beauregard . . 

Montgomery 

Alcibiade Deblanc . 
'Confederate Vets. . . 

Eunice 

John McEnery .... 
Confederate Vets . . 
Frank T. Nichols . 
Confederate Vets. . 

Pontchatoula 

Hammond 

Franklin Par. Sharp 

Shooters 

Gem F. T. Nicholls 
Confederate Vets . . . 
S. E. Hunter .... 

New Roads 

Confederate Vets . . . 
Chas. J. Batchelor. 



[HEADQUARTERS. 



3 
6 

7 

14 

9 

15 
16 

17 

18 

33 

38 

40 

41 

60 

62 

78 

110 

152 

178 

182 

183 

193 

190 

229 

247 

264 

270 

345 

379 

397 
409 
451 
490 
530 
545 
546 
548 
551 
578 
580 
589 
607 
628 
631 
634 
670 
671 
749 
798 
909 
937 
1074 
1093 
1111 

1142 
1160 
1185 
1?32 

1238 
1272 



New Orleans 
New Orleans 
Shreveport . 
Alexander . . 

Ruston 

Opelousas . . 
New Orleans 



New Orleans . . . 
New Orleans . . . 
Baton Rouge . . . 
Plaquemine 

Evergreen 

Donaldsonville . 
Natchitoches . . . 

Mansfield 

Tangipahoa 
Lake Charles . . 
Amite City 

Merrick 

Rayville 

Berwick 

Monroe 

] Scicily Island . . 
(Lake Providence 
Thibadeaux 

Arcadia 

Gonzalez P. O. . 

Jackson 

Mandeville .... 

Franklin 

Farmerville 



ICampti . . . 
| Benton .... 
I Magnolia P 
ICoushatta 

jZachary 

IMinden 

I Pleasant Hill . 

| Homer 

ITimothea 

| Bastrop 

I Lafayette 

I Logansport . . . 

I Abbeville 

| Crowley 

| Montgomery . . 

I Jeanerette 

I New Iberia . . . 

I Eunice 

I Columbia 

I St. Francisville 
| Harrisonburg . 

'Stav P. O 

I Pontchatoula . . 
I Hammond 
Winnsboro 



O. 



I Napoleon ville . 

IKentwood 

I Clinton 

I New Roads 

I Lees Creek P. O. 

ISmithland 



COMMANDERS. 



J. W. T. Leech. . 

L. Guion 

V. Grosjean .... 

F. Seip 

Allen Barksdale . 

S. Haas 

J. S. Harral 



E. P. Cotteaux. . . 
A. B. Booth .... 
A. D. Barrow. . 

L. E. Woods 

I. C. Johnson. . . 

S. A. Poche 

L. Caspare 

J. G. Moanhall . . 
R. L. Draughn . . 
W. A. Knapp .... 

E. C. Cooley 

D. F. Merrick. . . . 
J. S. Summerlin. 

A. G. Frere 

W. P. Kenwick . . 

W. S. Peck 

J. C. Bass 

J. J. Shaffer 

W. Miller 

Dr. P. T. St. Amant 
Zach Lea 



ADJUTANTS. 



C. M. Smith. 
S. W. Taylor 



Thomas Lyh 
J. B. Dunn 
O. T. Webb 
O. M. Lee . . 
A. Goodwill 
J. Graham . , 



Q. W. Oakley. . 
T. M. Sharp . . 
D. A. Cochrane 
G. W. Sample 
Edw. W. Huff. 
D. B. Hays... 
H. V. McCain. 
A. L. Monnot. . 
Robt. S. Perry 
V. T. Bondean 
Geo. Wear . . . 
F. M. Mumford 
W. J. Miller . . 
Wm. H. Hodnett 
Gpo. M. Perin. 
W W. Bankston. . . 
W. P. Powers 



Thos. Loftus 

T. R. Kent 

G. H. Packwood. 

L. B. Claiborne I 

Martin Williams . . j 
Rev. R. H. Prosser 



L. A. Adams. 

W. Curry. 

J. M. Martin. 

W. W. Whittington. 

J. L. Bond. 

L. Sandoz. 

H. W. Spear. 

Jno. Holmes. 
Joseph Demoruelle. 

F. M. Heroman. 
J. A. Dupuy. 
W. H. Oliver. 
Wm. J. Murphy. 
C. H. Levy. 

T. G. Pegues. 

T. I. Thompson. 

P. Jacobs. 

G. F. Stearns. 
T. J. Taylor. 

F. OBrien ChaPman - 
W. A. O'Kelly. 

,H. N. Coulon. 
I J- A. Ogden. 
H. T. Brown. 
W. W. Mathews. 
R- O. Pizzetta. 
T. J. Shaffer. 
R- M. Tatum. 
T. H. Hamilton. 

B. R. Nash. 
F. E. Hill. 
O. S. Penny. 
^V E. Atkinson. 
H. A. Barnes. 

O. G. Hill. 

T. Oakley. 

W. A. Harrington. 

£• L- DeClouet. 

Ih -. Price. 

J- T. Labit. 

T - E. Barr. 

T. M. CcCain. 

Andrew Tharp. 
yartin Carron. 
S D S. Walker. 
^- B. Smith. 
T- C. Boyd. 

T - L Butler. 
L W. Skinner. 
L M. King. 
E. L. Monnot. 



L A. White. 
Justus Pourcain. 
J. K. Johnson. 
W. W. Mains. 



Miscellaneous. 



663 



GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC— DEPARTMENT LOUISIANA- 
MISSISSIPPI. 

(Department Officers 1901-1902 — Headquarters New Orleans, La. 

Charles W. Keeting, Commander Box 1724, New Orleans 

R. B. Baquie, Assistant Adjutant-General Box 1724, New Orleans 

Roster of Department. 



POST. 


No. 


COMMANDER. 


ADJUTANT. 


LOCATION. 


Jos. A. Mower 

W. T. Sherman .... 


1 
2 
3 
4 
6 
8 
9 

10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
?0 
21 
00 

23' 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
14 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 


1 

| William L. Jarvis. . . . 

|R. W. Jones 

| James A. Knight.... 

| Sandy Brown 

|H. S. Williams 

I William P. Young... 

[Robert Smith 

|W. B. Barrett 

| Thomas Poree 

| John Pierce 

Frank Burtis 

| William Walker 

i Preston Smooth 

1 James Newton 

I N. A. Anderson 


M. A. C. Hussey. . . . 


New Orleans, La. 
Shelby, Miss. 
Baton Rouge, La. 
Thibodeaux, La. 


Cyrus Hamlin 

Abraham Lincoln. . 


Hampton Felder. . . 
Charles Brown .... 
H. T. Miller 


Chas. W. Cady 

Andre Cailloux 

C. J. Bassett 

U. S. Grant 

John H. Crowder. . 
Phil. H. Sheridan. . 

Oscar Orillion 

Ellsworth 


Charles Morgan .... 

R. B. Baquie 

Henry Nickens 

August Pierre 

Samuel Webb 

James Pearl 

J. L. Dupart 

Oscar Pilman 

Louis Mackel 

F. H. Ballard 


Jackson, Miss. 
New Orleans, La. 
New Orleans, La. 
New Orleans, La. 
New Orleans, La. 
New Orleans, La. 
New Orleans, La 
New Orleans, La. 
Natchez, Miss. 
Vicksburg. Miss. 


R. B. Elliott 

Robt G. Shaw .... 


M. R. Delany 


Joseph Drozin 

|R. H. Isabelle 

ITsa'ah Kelly 

Henrv Hunter 

M. Tolbert 


Samuel Smith 

John H. Jackson.... 

Frisco York 

Perry Lloyd 

Washington Gray. . 
Solomon Henderson. 
Tyler Cox 


New Orleans, La. 
New Orleans, La. 
Vicksburg, Miss. 
Vidalia, La. 


E. D. Edwards 

Parson Brownlow. . 
John A. Logan 


Greenville 

0. P. Morton 


IP. T. Jackson 

Reuben Elmore 

Henry Rivers 

Adam Metcalf 

Eugene Fields 

II. Ballard 


Greenville, Miss. 
Morgan City, La. 
Port Hudson, La. 
Chatham. Miss. 
Jesuits' Bend. La 


Dan Ullmann 

General Steel 

T. W. Stringer 


John Scott 

Edward Butler 

David Hebrew 

Henry Lewis 

Stephen Kyle 

S. L. Roan 

Martin Kennedy . . . 

Julian Martin 

E. A. Hubeau 

Rial Henney 

S. J. Thompson. . . . 
Louis Richardson.. 
Winton Stewart. . . . 

John Celestine 

J. Gumby 

Daniel Harney 

Cain Griffin 

Douglass D. Hill.'. . 
Washington Bayade 
S. Ames 


R. B. Hayes 

Fred. Douglass 

James Lynch 

Lake Providence. . . 
General Phelps.... 


Morrison Shenherd. . . 

Thomas Tindle 

William Booze 

Charles Johnson 

Samuel Brown 

C. P. Petersen 

Scott Brown 

C. W. Wilson 

-T. Sluby Davidson. . . 

Edward Landry 

Charles Philomene . . . 

John W. Chase 

Philip Bias 

Levi Shillcut 

George Hamlin 

Hopkins Brown 

Ebenezer Bryan 

Philip Green 

G. H. Hill 


Waterproof, La. 
Warrenton, Miss. 
Ft. (xibson. Miss 
Lake Prv'ce, La. 
Lafayette, La. 


General Canby 

Duncansby 

Fairchild 

William McKinley. . 

Plaquemine 

Osterhaus 

R. B. Beck 


Houma, La. 
Duncansby. Miss. 
Bayou Goula, La. 
Port Allen, La. 
Plaquemine, La. 
Edwards, Miss. 
Omega, La. 


Gen. W. W. Dudley. 

General Allen 

Vandersrriff 


Fayette, Miss. 
Glen Allen. Miss. 


Henry Wilson 

G. H. Thomas 


p «. H. Johnson 

R. W. Allison 


Alexandria, La. 
Darrow, La. 


B. F. Butler 

II. B. Pearsall 


Timothy Aikens 

Henry Grant 


Jacques Darensbury 


Boutte, La. 


Charles E. Sherman 
O. J. Dunn 


Eugene Castillo 

Philip Gray 


Willie Smith 

Francis Richard. . ..1 


Franklin, La. 
New Orleans, La. 



664 Miscellaneous. 



LOUISIANA DIVISION UNITED SONS OF 
CONFEDERATE VETERANS. 



Headquarters 1901-1902— Baton Eouge, La. 



Division Commander — W. M. Barrow, Baton Rouge, La. 

Division Adjutant and Chief of Staff — A.E.Rabenhorst, Baton Rouge. 

Division Inspector — Henry H. Clark, 628 Canal St., New Orleans, La. 

Division Quartermaster — Joseph St. Martin, Donaldsonville, La. 

Division Commissary — L. H. Marrero, Jr., Gretna, La. 

Division Judge Advocate — Loys Charbonnet, New Orleans, La. 

Division Surgeon — Dr. Kittridge Sims, Donaldsonville, La. 

Division Chaplain — Rev. Louis Tucker, St. Francisville, La. 

Aid-de-camp — E. O. Lalande, Napoleonville, La. 

Aid-de-camp — Hugh Waddill, Baton Rouge, La. 

Aid-de-camp — David M. Pipes, Jackson, La. 

Aid-de-camp — Ferdinand C. Claiborne, New Roads, La. 

Aid-de-camp — T. B. Sellers, Luling, La. 

Aid-de-camp — J. R. Moss, Coushatta, La. 

Aid-de-camp — A. F. Barrow, St. Francisville, La. 

CAMPS. 

Pierre J. Gilbert, No. 110 — Napoleonville, La. 
Organized August 22, 1898. 

E. 0. Lalande, Commandant. Oscar Dugas, Adjutant. 

Camp Ascension, No. 126 — Donaldsonville, La. 
Edmund Maurin, Commandant. Prosper Gonel, Jr., Adjutant. 

Camp Beauregard, No. 130 — New Orleans, La. 
Organized April 28, 1899. 

Jas. T. Nix, Commandant. T. J. Reynaud, Adjutant. 

Camp Henry Watkins Allen, No. 133 — Baton Rouge, La. 
Organized April 29, 1899. 

Hugh Waddill, Commandant. Nicholas Wax, Adjutant. 




Gen. Leon Jasteemski. 



Miscellaneous. 665 

Camp Charles A. Brusle, No. 144 — Plaquemine, La. 
Organized June 20, 1899. 

Clarence S. Hebert, Commandant. H. N. Sherburne, Jr., Adjutant. 

Camp West Feliciana, No. — St. Francisville, La. 
Organized November 13, 1901. 

A. F. Barrow, Commandant. Ed. R. Moses, Adjutant. 

Camp Gus A. Scott, No. 244 — Jackson, La. 
Organized April 26, 1901. 

David M. Pipes, Commandant. W. C. Jones, Adjutant. 

Camp Turgis, No. 264 — New Orleans, La. 
Organized May 11, 1901. 

Loys Charbonnet, Commandant. W. B. Mangum, Adjutant. 

Camp Guy Dreux, No. 277 — Gretna, La. 
Organized May 21, 1901. 

L. H. Marrero, Jr., Commandant. Jno. R. Langridge, Adjutant. 

Camp Bouanchaud, No. 291 — New Roads, La. 
Organized June 30, 1901. 

Ferdinand C. Claiborne, Commandant. Hewitt Bouanchaud, Adjutant. 

Camp R. E. Lee, Luling No. — Luling, La. 
Organized August 3, 1901. 

T. B. Sellers, Commandant. R. J. Sellers, Adjutant. 

Camp Henry Gray, No. — Coushatta, La. 
Organized August 24, 1901. 

J. R. Moss, Commandant. J. T. S. Thomas, Adjutant. 



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668 Miscellaneous. 

STATEMENT OF NEW CONSOLS AND CONSTITUTIONAL 
BONDS OF THE STATE OF LOUISIANA, 

And of new School Bonds, owned by the Free School Fund, now held by 
the State Treasurer, said Bonds having been purchased under Acts 265 of 
1855 and 54 of 1900, all being stamped as required by Act 116 of 1890. 

NEW CONSOLS. 
1 Bond of $1,000, No. 530. 
1 Bond of $1,000, No. 535. 
1 Bond of $1,000, No. 542. 
1 Bond of $1,000, No. 550. 
1 Bond of $1,000, No. 1151. 
7 Bonds of $1,000, Nos. 2218 to 2224. 
10 Bonds of $1,000, Nos. 2401 to 2410. 
1 Bond of $1,000, No. 2835. 
1 Bond of $1,000, No. 2869. 

12 Bonds of $1,000, Nos. 2956 to 2967. 
1 Bond of $1,000, No. 3160. 

1 Bond of $1,000, No. 3475. 

5 Bonds of $1,000, Nos. 3681 to 3685. 
1 Bond of $1,000, No. 4198. 

13 Bonds of $1,000, Nos. 4283 to 4295. 

1 Bond of $1,000, No. 5335. 

2 Bonds of $1,000, Nos. 6307 to 6808. 
1 Bond of $1,000, No. 7096. 

1 Bond of $1,000, No. 7413. 

1 Bond of $1,000, No. 7743. 

1 Bond of $1,000, No. 8280. 

2 Ponds of $1,000, Nos. 8634 to 8635. 

I Pond of $1,000, No. 8850. 

3 Bonds of $1,000, Nos. 8873 to 8875. 
93 Pond? of $1,000, Nos. 9306 to 9398. 

1 63 Ponds of $1,000 each aggregating $163,000 00 

8 Ponds of $500, Nos. 2188 to 2195. 

II Ponds of $500. Nos. 2197 to 2207. 
1 Pond of $500, No. 2209. 

1 Pond of $500, No. 2501. 
87 T^onds of $500, Nos. 2977 to 3063. 

108 TConds of $500 each, aggregating 54,000 00 

1 Pond of $100. No. 1555. 

567 Ponds of $100, Nos. 3492 to 4058. 

568 Ponds of $100 each, aggregating 56,800 00 

CONSTITUTIONAL BONDS. 

1 Pond of $5, No. 33 
1 Pond of $5, No. 71. 
1 Pond of $5, No. 72. 
1 Pond of $5, No. 124. 
1 Pond of $5, No. 149. 
1 Bond of $5, No. 179. 

6 Bonds of $5 each, aggregating 80 00 

ATCHAFALAYA BASIN LEVEE BONDS. 
75 Bonds of $1,000, Nos. 196 to 270. 

1 Bond of $1,000, No. 432. 

2 Bonds of $1,000, Nos. 476 to 477. 
1 Bond of $1,000, No. 482. 

6 Bonds of $1,000, Nos. 666 to 671. 

85 Bonds of $1,000 each, aggregating 85,000 00 

FIFTH LOUISIANA LEVEE BONDS. 

6 Bonds of $1,000, Nos. 37 to 42. 

4 Bonds of $1,000, Nos. 201 to 204. 
40 Bonds of $1,000, Nos. 272 to 311. 

50 Bonds of $1,000 each, aggregating 50,000 00 



Total amount of bonds owned by the Free School Fund $498,830 00 



Miscellaneous.-.--- 6°9 



RECEIPTS AXD DISBURSEMENTS BY FUNDS AND REVENUES, AND 
CASH BALANCES ON HAND DECEMBER 31, 1901. 

Funds. Receipts. Expenditures. Balance. 

General Fund, 1901. . . . $ 790,898.03 $ 782,253.47 $ 8,644.56 

General Fund, 1900 270,744.22 55,106.57 215,637.65 

General Fund, 1899 41,604.33 41,604.33 

'Current School Fund, 1901 53,360.24 16,627.89 36,732.35 

Current School Fund, 1900 319,945.03 317,925.87 2.019.1C 

Current School Fund, 1899 452.32 452.32 

Interest Tax Fund, 1901 . . : ' . 97,726.31 37,057.42 60,668.89 

Interest Tax Fund, 1900 : 537,169.48 460,733.55 76,435.93 

Interest Tax Fund, 1899 332,372.91 7,359.00 325,013.91 

Interest Tax Fund 1879 and previous 494.96 ' •:. J;38.50 456.46 

General Engineer Fund 243,829.68 190,034.06 53,795.62 

Levee and Drainage Fund 99,256.00 3,300.00 95,956.00 

Free School Fund 88,546.13 35,783.20 52,762.93 

Interest and Redemption $5 Bonds.. ............ . 2,989.72 1,637.04 1,352.68 

Levee Construction and Repair Fund for 1878 and - ^ 

previous . ... 2,648.67 325.00 2,323.67 

Redemption of Valid School Certificates. ........ . - 1,946.20 1,941.98 4.22 

Militia Fund , . I 1,452.87 675.00 777.87 

Fertilizer Fund - 11,887.76 11,370.98 516.78 

Paris Green Fund 318.04 53.25 264.79 

Trust Fund 1,757.86 . 1,757.86 

Oyster Fund 8,587.15 .'. -. . . 8,587.15 

Penitentiary Fund . . . : ........ 269,720.96 268,887.61 833.35 

Pontchartrain Levee District . 149,694.65 132,961.28 16,733.37 

Atchafalava Basin Levee District 415,746.92 402,733.50 13,013.42 

Fifth Louisiana Levee District 222,842.24 124,796.58 98,045.66 

Orleans Levee District 189,548.22 164,685.12 24,863.10 

Orleans Levee District, one-half mill ! 485.52 -. . . 485.52 

Red River, Atchafalava & Bavou Bceuf Levee Dist. 400,121.75 227,408.03 172,713.72 

Lafourche Basin Levee District 187,699.88 156,902.38 30,797.50 

Lake Borgne Basin Levee District. .• 28,970.93 24,612.35 4,358.58 

Caddo Levee District 174,123.99 100,590.38 73,533.61 

Tensas Basin Levee District 154,024.62 147,101.31 6,923.31 

Natchitoches Sub-Levee District ..'. 8,942.80 5,982.84 2,959.96 

Bossier Levee District 30,999.32 30,037.66 961.66 

Caddo Sub-Levee District 18,389.09 9,928.00 8,461.09 

Ruras Levee District 15,268.79 8,533.57 6,735.22 

Grand Prairie Levee District , 13,805.90 6,127.71 7,678.19 

$5,188,373.49 $3,775,567.75 $1,412,805.74 

Amount deposited but not yet audited . , . . . — .... 9,626.42 

Total -. .. $1,422,432.16 

CASH. ON DEPOSIT. fe 5 - 

•'- - 

New Orleans National Bank ..............:.....$ 418,393.56 

Hibernia National Bank I 425,594.72 

Louisiana National Bank 420,673.31 

Bank of Baton Rouge 75,697.15 

First National Bank of Baton Rouge 81,978.91 

Cash in vault 94.51 

Total $1,422,432.16 



670 



Miscellaneous. 




© £ r " ,r " 1 

03 — 



Miscellaneous. 



671 



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New Orleans is the only city in Louisiana that has a population in 
1900 of more than 25,000, and for this city, a summary is presented in 
table 6, showing the population from 1810 to 1900, inclusiye, together 
with the increase by number and per cent during each decade. 

TABLE 6.— POPULATION OF NEW ORLEANS : 1810 TO 1900. 

Census Years. Population. Increase, 

Number. Per Cent. 

1900 287,104 45,065 18.6 

1890 242,039 25,949 12.0 

1880 216,090 24,672 12.9 

1870 191,418 22,743 13.5 

1860 168,675 52,300 44.9 

1850 •. 116,375 14,182 13.9 

1840 102,193 72,456 243.7 

1830. 29,737 2,561 9.4 

1820 27,176 9,934 9.4 

1810 17,242 

According to this summary, New Orleans, beginning with a population 
etf 17,242 in 1810, increased but little, compared with the early growth of 
other cities, for two decades, but from 1830 to 1840, the population of the 
city increased from 29,737 to 102,193, or 243.7 per cent. Since then the 
rate of increase has been relatively low, although in the decade from 1890 
to 1909, it is somewhat greater than it has been in any decade since 1860. 



INDEX. 



Articles of Confederation, United States ■ 19 

Amendments, Constitution of United States 41 

Audit and Exchange, State Board of 378 

Agriculture, State Board of 381 

Arbitration and Conciliation, State Board of 382 

Atchaf alaya Basin Levee .Board 384 

Atchafalaya, Ked River and Bayou Bceuf 380 

Acadia, Roster of Parish Officers 390 

Ascension, Roster of Parish Officers 390 

Assumption, Roster of Parish Officers 893 

Avoyelles, Roster of Parish Officers . .' 394 

Asylum, Louisiana Insane 479 

Applications for Pardons, Rule.s Governing 611 

Applications for Trade-Marks, etc .* 614 

Act No. 136 of 1898, List of Cities, Towns and Villages that have Adopted Same. 618 

Agents, List of,— Act 149 of 1890 624 

Baton Rouge State Capital 1 

Hoards; State — 

Liquiaauon of State Debt 878 

Audit and Exchange 378 

Railway Commissioners 378 

Railway Appraisers _. 379 

Pension Commissioners 379 

Health 379 

Education 380 

Engineers 380 

Agriculture 381 

Medical Examiners (.Allopath) 381 

Medical Examiners (Homeopath) 381 

Dental Examiners 382 

P-armacv 382 

. Arbitration and Conciliation 382 

Directors Citizens' Bank 382 

Examiners of Bar Pilots 383 

Assessors, Parish of Orleans 383 

Commissioners Hotel Royal 383 

Commissioners Port of New Orleans 383 

Commissioners New Basin Canal and Shellroad 384 

State Contest 384 

Levee, Atchafalaya Basin 384 

Levee, Bossier 384 

Levee, Buras 385 

Levee, Caddo 385 

Levee, Grand Prairie 385 

Levee, Lake Borgne 385 

Levee, Lafourche Basin 386 

Levee, Orleans 386 

Levee, Red River. Atchafalaya and Bayou Boeuf 386 

Levee, Pontchartrain 387 

Levee, Tensas Basin 387 

Levee, Fifth Louisiana District 887 

of Commissioners Fausse Pointe Drainage District 388 

First Drainage District — Iberville 388 

Gueydan Drainage District 388 

Iberia and St. Mary Drainage District 388 

Iberia and Bayou Carlin Drainage District 388 

Second Drainage District 388 

Bavou Conway Drainage District 380 

Belle Place Drainage District 389 

St. Martin. Iberia and Pointe Claire Drainage District 389 

Third Drainage District — Assumption 389 

Third Drainage District — Lafourche 389 

Buras Levee Board. Board of Commissioners 385 

Bossier Levee Board. Board of Commissioners 384 

Bavou Conwav Drainage District, Board of Commissioners 389 

Belle Place Drainage District. Board of Commissioners 389 

Bienville Parish, Roster of Officials 399 



690 



INDEX. 



Bossier Parish, Roster of Officials 395 

Blind, Louisiana Institute for the 468 

Biologic Station, Gulf 472 

I anks, National in Louisiana, List of 655 

Banks, State, in Louisiana, List of 656 

Bonds, Statement of, ownd by Free School Fund 668 

Confederation, Articles of 19 

Constitution of the United States 31 

Constitution of the United States (Amendments) 41 

Constitution of Louisiana, 1812 55 

Constitution of Louisiana, 1845 08 

Constitution of Louisiana, 1852 89 

Convention of Louisiana, 1861 110 

Constitution of Louisiana, 1864 117 

Constitution of Louisiana, 1868. 139 

Constitution of Louisiana, 1879 167 

Constitution of Louisiana. 1898. .' 228 

Committees of State Senate, 1900-1902 369 

Committees of House of Representatives, 1900-1902 376 

Citizens' Bank, State Directors 382 

Caddo Levee District. Board of Commissioners 385 

Caddo Parish, Roster of Officials 396 

Calcasieu Parish, Roster of Officials 396 

Caldwell Parish, Roster of Officials 399 

Cameron Parish, Roster of Officials 400 

Catahoula Parish, Roster of Officials 400 

Claiborne Parish, Roster of Officials 401 

Concordia Parish, Roster of Officials 401 

Charity Hospital 475 

Confederate Memorial Hall 484 

Commissioners of Deeds of Other States in Louisiana 620 

Commissioners of Deeds for Louisiana in Other States 621 

Charters of Corporations, List of 632 

Corporations that have Increased or Decreased their Capital 654 

Confederate Veteran Camps 662 

Cash Balances, Statement of 669 

Census Statistics of Louisiana 674 

Declaration of Independence 27 

Department, Judiciary, United States 341 

Department, Judiciary, State .Supreme Court 360 

Department, Judiciary, Circuit Courts 360 

Department, Judiciary, District Courts 363 

Directors, Citizens' Bank 382 

Dental Examiners, State Board of 382 

Drainage Districts — 

Fausse Pointe 388 

First — Iberville j>»8 

Gueydan 388 

Iberia and St. Mary gjjj° 

Iberia and Bayou Carlin g»° 

Second g£« 

Bayou Conway g°* 

Belle Place '' 8 ' 

St. Martin, Iberia and Pointe Claire 389 



Third — Assumption 



389 



Third— Lafourche 389 

DeSoto Parish. Roster of Officials *"- 

Deaf and Dumb. Louisiana Institute for £'" 

Democratic Platform, National £ j£ 

Democratic Committee, National 2 1 " 

Democratic Committee. Officers Various States ,._.•■ •>£■ 

Democratic Platform, State £%? 

Democratic State Central Committee £-;•' 

Democratic Congressional Committees *>*» 

District Courts of Louisiana, Terms ... . ■ • • • - ™* 

Deeds, Commissioners of Louisiana in Other States o~» 

Deeds, Commissioners of, of Other States in Louisiana bj-i 

Debt of Louisiana, Statement of Bonded and Floating oon 

Education, State Board of ^ 

Engineers, State Board of °%Y. 

Examiners, Bar Pilots . . ■ • • • .• • 2? )R 

East Baton Rouge, Parish Roster of Officials JxT 

East Carroll Parish, Roster of Officials ™ 

East Feliciana Parish, Roster of Officials * fi() 

Election Tables ■•••••■••• 612 

Extradition, Rules Relative to 



INDEX. 691 

Flower, State 11 

Flag, State 12 

Flag ( Secession Convention) 115 

P'rance, Treaty with United States 45 

Fifth Louisiana Levee District, Board of Commissioners ". . 387 

Fausse Pointe Drainage District. Board of Commissioners 388 

First Drainage District — -Iberville 388 

P'ranklin Parish, Roster of Officials 407 

Free School Fund, Statement of Bonds Owned 668 

Government, State — 1900-1904 351 

Grand Prairie Levee District, Board of Commissioners 385 

Gueydan Drainage Levee District Board of Commissioners 388 

Grant Parish, Roster of Officials 407 

Gulf Biologic Station 472 

Guard, National, Roster Louisiana State 499 

Grand Army of the Republic 663 

Health, State Board of . . . . 379 

Hotel Royal, Board of Commissioners of 383 

Home, Soldier's ! 488 

Hospital, Charity l 475 

Historical and Statistical Table — United States and Territories . 593 

Historical Sketch of Louisiana 595 

Holidays, Legal, in Louisiana 619 

Independence, Declaration of 27 

Iberia and St. Mary Drainage District, Commissioners of 388 

Iberia and Bayou Carlin Drainage District. Commissioners of 388 

Iberia, St. Martin and Pointe Claire Drainage District, Commissioners of •. 3*9 

Iberia Parish, Roster of Officials 408 

Iberville Parish, Roster of Officials 408 

Insane Asylum, Louisiana 479 

Industrial Institute, Louisiana (Ruston) 456 

Industrial Institute, Southwestern Louisiana 459 

Institute for the Blind 466 

Institute for the Deaf and Dumb 470 

Insurance Companies 658 

Judiciary Department. United States 341 

State Supreme Court 360 

State Court of Appeals 360 

State Circuit Court 360 

City Courts 363 

Jackson Parish, Roster of Officials 409 

Jefferson Parish. Roster of Officials 409 

Jurisdiction of Louisiana Supreme Court 603 

Laws Defining Limits of Louisiana 49 

Lands Public, Ordinance Relative to 52 

Louisiana, .Act of Congress, Territory of 49 

Louisiana, Supreme Court of 360 

Legislative Department 366 

Liquidation. State Debt, Board of 378 

J:cvee Boards — , 

Atchafalaya Basin 384 

Bossier 384 

Buras 385 

Caddo 385 

Grand Prairie 385 

Lake Borgne 38?> 

Lafourche Basin . 386 

Orleans 386 

Red River. Atchafalaya and Bayou Boeuf .'. 386 

Pontchartrain 387 

Tensas Basin 387 

Fifth Louisiana District 387 

Lake Borgne Levee District. Board of Commissioners 3«5 

Lafourche Basin Levee District. Board of Commissioners 386 

Lafourche, Third Drainage District. Board of Commissioners 389 

Lafourche Parish, Roster of Officials 411 

Lafayette Parish, Roster of Officials 410 

Lincoln Parish". Roster of Officials 411 

Livineston Parish. Roster of Officials 41 2 

Louisiana State Universitv 446 

Industrial Institute 456 

Institute. Deaf and Dumb 470 

Institute, Blind . 468 



691 



INDEX. 



Southwestern Industrial Institute 459 

State National Guard, Roster 499 

Purchase, Historical Sketch of 593 

Historical and Chronological Sketch of 595 

Laws Relative to Trade-Marks 614 

List of Cities, Towns and Villages that Have Adopted "Lawrason Town 

Charter Act" 618 

Legal Holidays in Louisiana 619 

List of Agents, Act 149 of 1890 624 

List of Corporations that Have Filed Charters in Office of Secretary of 

State 632 

List of Corporations that Hare Increased or Decreased Their Capital 654 

Medical Examiners, (Allopath) State Board of 381 

Medical Examiners, (Homeopath) State Board of 381 

Madison Parish, Roster of Officials 413 

Morehouse Parish, Roster of Officials 413 

Memorial Hall, Confederate 484 

Milliken Memorial Hospital 478 

Military Department 497 

New Orleans, Port of, Board of Commissioners 383 

New Basin Canal and Shell Road, Commissioners 384 

Natchitoches Parish, Roster of Officials 414 

Normal School 452 

National Guard, Louisiana State 499 

National Banks in Louisiana 656 

Orleans, Act of Congress, Territory of 52 

Levee District, Board of Commissioners of 386 

Parish, Roster of Officials 417 

List of Notaries 418 

Tax Collectors 417 

Assessors - • • • 417 

Inspectors, Weights and Measures 417 

Jury Commissioners 417 

Ouachita Parish, Roster of Officials 421 

Pension Commissioners, State Board of 379 

Pharmacy, State Board of 382 

Port of New Orleans, State Board of °°% 

Pontchartrain Levee District, State Board of ^ 

Plaquemlne Parish, Roster of Officials 421 

Pointe Coupee Parish, Roster of Officials *j" 

Purchase, Louisiana, Historical Sketch of 5y& 

Political — KnQ 

Suffrage Laws, United States *W 

Democratic Platform (National) »|g 

Democratic National Committee »£» 

Democratic State Platform \j£ 

Democratic State Central Committee j>£j> 

Democratic Congressional Committee j>*» 

Republican Platform (National) j>{£ 

Republican National Committee »*? 

Republican State Central Committee ^ff 

Republican Congressional Committee °?y 

Pardons, Rules Governing Application for .■_• D1X 

Representatives, House of, List of Members 373 

Representatives, House of, Committees »"> 

Railway Commissioners, State Board of • *j ' ° 

Railway Appraisers, State Board of • V ; v ; ^8fi 

Red River, Atchafalaya and Bayou Bceuuf Levee District gg 

Roster of Parish Officers 42 o 

Rapides, Parish Officers, Roster of *£* 

Red River, Parish Officers, Roster of * V 

Richland, Parish Officers, Roster of _„- 

Republican Platform, National 526 

Committee, National • • • : ttX 

Committee Officers and Various States «£> ' 

State Central Committee SJjj 

Congressional Committees g 44 

Registration Statistics V'WU 611 

Rules Governing Applications for Pardons 612 

Rules Relative to Extraditions • 623 

Railroads in Louisiana • • 



index. 693 

Receipts and Disbursements, Statement of, by Funds and Revenues and Cash 

Balances, December 31, 1901 669 

State Capitol ± 

Flower ■> -, 

Flag :::::::::::::::::::;:::::;:;::: J£ 

Seal 14 

of Louisiana, Constitution of 1812 •. '. 55 

of Louisiana, Constitution of 1845 68 

of Louisiana, Constitution of 1852 89 

of Louisiana, Convention of 1861 110 

of Louisiana, Constitution of 1864 .' 117 

of Louisiana, Constitution of 1868 139 

of Louisiana, Constitution of 1879 167 

of Louisiana, Constitution of 1898 228 

Government, Territorial and 313 

and United States Officials . . 342 

Government, 1 900-1904 351 

Supreme Court '..'.'.'. 360 

' 'ourt of Appeals 360 

Circuit Courts 860 

District Courts 360 

Senate, List of Officers and Members 366' 

Senate. List of Committees 369 

State Boards — 

Debt, Board of Liquidation 378 

Board of Audit and Exchange 378 

Board of Railway Commissioners 378 

Board of Railway Appraisers 379 

Board of Pension Commissioners 379 

Board of Health .- 379 

Board of Education 380 

Board of Engineers 380 

Board of Agriculture ' 381 

Board of Medhal Examiners (Allopath) 381 

Board of Medical Examiners (Homeopath) 381 

Board of Dental Examiners 382 

Board of Pharmacy 382 

Board of Arbitration and Concilation 382 

Board of Examiners of Bar Pilots 383 

Directors Citizens' Bank 382 

State Board of Commissioners Hotel Royal 383 

Board of Commissioners Port of New Orleans 383 

Contest Board 384 

St. Martin, Iberia. To'nte Claire Drainage District 389 

Second Drainage District, Board of Commissioners of 388 

Sabine Parish. Roster of Officers 424 

St. Bernard Parish. Roster of Officers ' 425 

St. Charles Parish, Roster of Officers 426 

St. Helena Parish, Roster of Officers 426 

St. James Parish, Roster of Officers 427 

St. John Parish, Roster of Officers 427 

St. Landry Parish, Roster of Officers 428 

St. Martin Parish. Roster of Officers 429 

St. Mary Parish, Roster of Officers 429 

St. Tammany Parish, Roster of Officers 430 

State Institutions — 

Tulane University 438 

Louisiana State University 446 

State Normal School 452 

Southwestern Louisiana Industrial Institute 459 

Louisiana Institute for the Deaf and Dumb 470 

Louisiana Institute for the Blind 468 

Louisiana Insane Asylum 479 

Charitv Hospital — New Orleans 475 

Soldier's Home 488 

Memorial Hall 484 

Gulf Biologic Station 472 

Southern University 464 

Southwest Louisiana Industrial Institute 459 

State Normal School 452 

Soldier's Home 488 

Statistics, Registration 544 

Supreme Court of Louisiana, Rules, etc 544 

Suffrage Laws (U. S.) Abstract of 509 

Statement of Bonded and Floating Debt of Louisiana 666 



694 



INDEX. 



Treaty between United States and France 45 

Territorial and State Governments 313 

Tensas Basin Levee District, Board of Commissioners of 387 

Third Drainage District — Assumption, Board of Commissioners of 389 

Third Drainage District — Lafourche, Board of Commissioners of 389 

Tangipahoa Parish, Roster of Officials 431 

Tensas Parish, Roster of Officials 431 

Terrebonne Parish, Roster of Officials 432 

Tulane University 438 

Table of Registration 544 

Table of Elections 560 

Terms of District Court of Louisiana . 604 

Trade-Marks, etc., Law as to 614 

Trade-Marks, etc., Form of Application for 617 

United States, Articles of Confederation 19 

Constitution of 31 

Constitution (Amendments) 41 

Treaty with France 45 

Laws T>efining Limits of Louisiana 49 

Ordinance Relating to Public Lands 52 

and State Officials 342 

Union Parish, Roster of Officials 432 

University, Louisiana State 44ft 

University, Southern 464 

United States Supreme Court 341 

Circuit Court of Appeals 342 

District Courts in Louisiana 604 

Officials in Louisiana 344 

United Confederate Veteran Camps 662 

United Sons of Confederate Veterans 664 

Vermilion Parish, Roster of Officials 433 

Vernon Parish, Roster of Officials 432 

Washington Parish, Roster of Officials 434 

Webster Parish, Roster of Officials 435 

West Baton Rouge Parish, Roster cV Officials 435 

West Carroll Parish, Roster of Officials 436 

West Feliciana Parish, Roster of Officials 436 

Winn Parish, Roster of Officials 437 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 

State Capitol 1 

Flower (colors) 11 

Flag 12 

Seal 14 

Secession Flag 115 

Secession Constitution (Following State Flag) 115 

President Wm. McKinley 337 

Vice President Theo. Roosevelt 339 

Associate Justice Edward Douglass White 348 

Governor William Wright Heard 333 

Lieutenant Governor Albert Estoplnal 355 

Attorney General Walter Guion 357 

Auditor W. S. Frazee 357 

Treasurer LeDoux E. Smith 357 

Superintendent of Education Joseph V. Calhoun 357 

Hon. Hugh C. Cage 367 

Hon. W. H. McClendon §67 

Hon. Jared T. Sanders 371 

Hon. Robert S. Landry 371 

United States Senator Samuel D. McEnery 345 

United States Senator Murphy J. Foster 34o 

United States Congressmen from Louisiana — 

Hon. Adolph Meyer 347 

Hon. Robert C. Davey 347 

Hon. Robert F. Broussard 347 

Hon. Phanor Brazeale 349 

Hon. Joseph E. Ransdell 349 

Hon. Samuel M. Robertson 34y 

State Supreme Court — 

Hon. F. T. Nicholls 361 

Joseph A. Breaux 3bi 

Hon. N. C. Blanchard j|0l 

Hon. Frank A. Monroe • j"> j 

Hon. O. O. Provosty rfbl 



index. 895 

Crowley High School 391 

Shreveport High School -. 397 

Baton Rouge High School 403 

Monroe High School 419 

Hon. E. B. Kruttschnitt 415 

Tulane University 441 

Tulane University (Medical College) 443 

Louisiana State University 447 

Hill Memorial Library 449 

State Normal 453 

Southwestern Louisiana Industrial Institute 461 

Soutnern University 465 

Louisiana Institute for Deaf and Dumb 471 

Charity Hospital , 474 

Milliken Memorial 478 

Charity Hospital Ambulance Station 476 

Louisiana Insane Asylum 480 

Louisiana Insane Asylum (Colored Ward) 482 

State Penitentiary 491, 493, 495 

Confederate Memorial Hall ; 485 

Soldier's Home 489 

General Allen Jumel 359 

Labor Commissioner Thos. Harrison 359 

Commissioner of Agriculture Jerd. G. Lee 359 

Registrar of Land Office J. M. Smith 687 

Col. C. Harrison Parker 687 

Map of Louisiana Purchase, from History of Barbe-Morbois 600 



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